1.- Introduction and addition 7.

- Example

2.- Concession 8.- Purpose

3.- Cause 9.- Result

4.- Comparison 10.- Summary

5.- Condition 11.- Time sequence

6.- Contrast

1.- Introduction and addition

Used when you want to introduce an idea or add something to a previous argument.

Besides, in addition to F a més

I don't think I'll come on Friday. I have a lot to do. Besides I don't really like parties
In addition to all those reasons, I would like to say that I don't really trust in people who only think
of money.

At least F al menys, com a mínim

At least ten people died in road accidents last weekend

 Above all sobre tot
After all després de tot
Anyway, in any case de tota manera, en qualsevol cas
Apart from that a part d'això
At first sight a primera vista, a primer cop d'ull
Basically bàsicament
Especially especialment
Essentially, in particular essencialment, en particular
Finally, lastly finalment, en darrer lloc
Generally, in general,on the whole en general
In conclusion en conclusió
In the first place, firstly, first of all en primer lloc, primer de tot
In this case en aquest cas
Last but not least per últim, peró no per aixó menys important
More or less, aproximately més o menys, aproximadament
Obviously evidentment
Secondly, in the second place en segon lloc
To begin with, to start with per començar
To sum up per resumir

2.- Concession
Used when you want to admit (concede) something that goes against another point.

Of course, certainly

While I do not believe in God myself, I will, of course, admit the importance of
religions
Certainly, the early learning years are crucial to a child's educational
development.

3.- Cause

When we want to to tell the reason why something happens

Because, as, since, for

I am happy because the sun is shining

As it was a public holiday, all the shops were shut
Since you asked, I am going to tell the truth
I believed her, for she would not lie to me.
4.- Comparison

Used to point out a similarity with another idea.

Similarly, in a similar way

Paris has some great museums of art. Similarly London has some wonderful museums

As

Speaking a language fluently is not as easy as people

think it is

As well as

As well as being over seven feet tall, Manute Bol is an enthusiastic

basketball player

Like

Getting money from him is like getting blood from a

stone
Than

I prefer to say too little than to say too much

I think it is more interesting to read a novel than to watch
a film

5.- Condition

If

I didn't mind if you wouldn't want to discuss this topic

with me

Even if F fins i tot si, encara que

Even if you are born rich, life is still difficult

As long as, provided (that) F if

 Children are allowed to use the pool as long as they are with an adult

They’ll buy everything you produce, provided the price is right.

Unless F if not

You can't come with me unless you promise to be quiet

He hasn’t got any hobbies —unless you call watching TV a hobby.

Wether F if
generally used when you can choose among two options

I don't know wether you have met him or

not

In case F per si de cas , en cas de que

Take an umbrella in case it

rains
6.- Contrast

Used to point out a difference from the preceding thought

Although/though F encara que, tot i que, malgrat

Although the sun was shining it wasn't very

warm.
We lost the game, though everyone played well

In spite of/despite + noun, pronoun, gerund F malgrat

despite without "of"

She didn't get the job in spite of her

qualifications
I can't agree with you despite all your efforts.

While F mentre

While Peter is good at Science, his brother is absolutely

hopeless

On the one hand.... on the other hand F Per una banda.... per una altra

On the one hand they'd love to have kids, but on the other they don't want to lose
their freedom

In contrast to F en contrast, a diferencia de

 In contrast to all these arguments, most of scientists don't agree with State
regulations.

However

We thought the problems were correct. However, we have now discovered somer errors

7.- Example or illustration

Used when the information that follows is a detail or example that supports the previous idea.

For instance/for example

What would you do, for instance , if you were the Prime Minister of your
country?
In fact de fet, actually, really, As a matter of fact, The fact is F de fet, realment

The truth is that F la veritat és que...

The truth is that you can find very few people who are against the family as
institution

TheoreticallyF en teoria

Theoretically light would infinitely bounce in a room made of perfect

mirrors.

In practice F a la pràctica

Prisoners have legal rights but in practice these rights are not always
respected

Obviously, of course F evidentment, per descomptat

Obviously cloning could be of great benefit to seriously ill

people

Not only.., but also... F no solament.... sinó també

The countryside varies greatly, not only from place to place but from season to
season.

As far, in relation to. As far as........... is concernedF en relació a , pel que fa a

As far as I am concerned , I would like to say...

I mean F vull dir, em refereixo que

I mean technology is definitely a good part of our

lives

In other words, that is (to say) F és a dir

In other words jogging is becoming a extremely popular way to exercise for all kind
of people

8.- Purpose

To + infinitive
when the subject of the two verbs is the same
F per
She arrived early to get a good seat
 They went into the forest to pick
mushrooms

So that , in order that + will/would or can/could or may/might + verb

F per que, per tal que

She took my shoes so that I couldn't leave the
house
These men risk their lives in order that we may
live safely

9.- Result

Used to point out a cause and effect relationship with the previous thought.

So, therefore F per tant

I wasn't feeling well so I went to see the doctor
There is still much to discuss. Therefore we will come back to this topic next
week

As result
 Some of my relatives died as a result of
the war

So + noun/adjective/adverb + that + clause

Humans will have so many artificial parts that we won't be able to distinguish them
from cyborgs
The song was so beautiful that we had to buy the record

Thus F així, per aquesta raó

Americans always want to fight for oil, and thus they sent soldiers to the Persian Gulf
to fight Iraq

Consequently conseqüentment, en conseqüència

Anyway, in any case de tota manera, en qualsevol cas
For this reason per aquesta raó
That's why és per això que
Thus així

10.- Summary

Used to conclude or condense a thought.

In conclusion/to conclude
 In conclusion, I would like to say that I am in favour of death penalty in some cases,
such as...

All in all en resum, en conclusió

Finally finalment, en darrer lloc
In brief, in short, in simpler terms,simply en poques paraules/en resum, en paraules més
put senzilles
In conclusion en conclusió
in particular en particular
in summary, to summarize en resum. per resumir
on the whole en conjunt
In other words, to put it differently en unes altres paraules, per dir-ho diferent

11.- Time sequence

Used to describe when an action happens in relation to another.

As

The thief was seen as she was climbing over the

wall.
By the time

By the time I get home, she will be

sleeping

Meanwhile

He talked only of love. Meanwhile, she was only

thinking of sex.

When

I was working on the computer, when she

came in.

While

You may watch a film while I go

shopping