Human Factors in Aviation

Objective
 To help all personnel in the maintenance environment to recognize human performance
limitations in themselves and others.
What is Human Factors?
 Refers to the study of human capabilities and limitations in the workplace.
SHELL Model
 The SHELL model is a conceptual model of human factors that clarifies the scope of
aviation human factors and assists in understanding the human factor relationships
between aviation system resources/environment and the human component in the aviation
system.
PEAR Model
 Used to recall the four considerations for assessing and mitigating human factors in
aviation maintenance.
The Error Chain
 Chain of events (Accident analysis) consist of the contributing factors leading to an
undesired outcome.
The Iceberg Model of Accident
 The "unseen costs" of workplace accidents
What is Crew Resource Management?
 Crew Resource Management (CRM) is the effective use of all available resources for flight
crew personnel to assure a safe and efficient operation, reducing error, avoiding stress and
increasing efficiency.
Motor Programs
 Short Term Memory
 Chunking
 Long Term Memory
Perception & Expectation
 Perception is a thought, belied, or opinion, often held by many people and base on
appearances.
 Expectation is believing that something is going to happen or believing that something
should be a certain way.
Error
 When your action deviates from your intention.
Error management: Philosophy
 We must accept error as a normal component of human behaviour but we must not give
errors the time to threaten safety
Error management: good practices
 Remain in your domain of competence
 Set your priorities, manage your time and your workload
 Work as a team
 Don’t work from memory, use reference documentation
 Learn from your errors: keep to facts, don’t listen to your ego
Factors affecting individual performance
 Maintenance working conditions
 Fatigue
 Sleep deprivation
 Stress
 Conflicts
Effects of sleep deprivation
 Physical fatigue
 Difficulty in focusing attention
 Difficulty in putting ideas together
 Attitude changes
Violations
 You commit a violation when your intentionally deviate from a regulation or from a
procedure
Dirty Dozen
 Lack of  Lack of  Pressure
communication assertiveness  Norms
 Lack of team work  Lack of knowledge  Distraction
 Lack of resources  Stress  Complacency
 Fatigue