AAMBC

Batu Campus
Department of Information Technology

Hardware and Networking Service

Level-IV
Migrate To New Technology

Information Sheet Unit of comptence Learning Out Come

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 Migrate To New LO1: Apply existing knowledge and
techniques to technology and transfer
Tecnnology
LO2: Apply functions of technology to
assist in solving organizational problems

LO3: Evaluate new or upgraded

technology performance

Introduction
What is Migration in IT?
 In information technology, migration is the process of moving from the use of one operating
environment to another operating environment that is.

 For example, moving from Windows NT Server to Windows 2000 Server would usually be
considered a migration because it involves making sure that new features are exploited, old
settings do not require changing, and taking steps to ensure that current applications continue to
work in the new environment

 Migration can involve moving to new hardware, new software, or both.

 Migration can be:

1. small-scale, such as migrating a single system, or

2. Large-scale, involving many systems, new applications, or a redesigned network.

 Migration: is also used to refer simply to the process of moving data from one storage device
to another.

 In IT five major migration categories are proposed on this basis.

1. Storage migration

2. Database migration

3. Application migration

4. Business process migration

5. System Migration

Storage migration
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  A business may choose to rationalize/reduce the physical media to take advantage of more
efficient storage technologies.

 This will result in having to move physical blocks of data from one tape or disk to another,
often using virtualization techniques.

 Virtualization, in computing, refers the act of creating a virtual version of something, including
but not limited to a virtual hardware platform, operating system, storage device, or network
resources

 The data format and content itself will not usually be changed in the process and can normally be
achieved with minimal or no impact to the layers above.

Database migration
 Similarly, it may be necessary to move from one database vendor to another, or to upgrade the
version of database software being used.

 The latter case is less likely to require a physical data migration, but this can happen with major
upgrades. In these cases a physical transformation process may be required since the underlying
data format can change significantly.

Application migration
 Changing application vendor – for instance a new CRM(Customer relationship management)
or ERP (Enterprise resource planning) platform – will inevitably involve substantial
transformation as almost every application or suite operates on its own specific data model.

Business process migration

 Business processes operate through a combination of human and application systems actions,
often orchestrated by business process management tools.

 When these change they can require the movement of data from one store, database or application
to another to reflect the changes to the organization and information about customers, products
and operations.

 Examples of such migration drivers are merger and acquisition, business optimization and
reorganization to attack new markets or respond to competitive threat.

 The first two categories of migration are usually routine operational activities that the IT
department takes care of without the involvement of the rest of the business.

 The last two categories directly affect the operational users of processes and applications, are
necessarily complex, and delivering them without significant business downtime can be
challenging

System migration
 Involves moving a set of instructions or programs, e.g., PLC (programmable logic controller)
programs, from one platform to another, minimizing reengineering.

 Migration of systems can also involve downtime, while the old system is replaced with a new
one.

 Migration can be from a mainframe computer to more open systems.

 The motivation for this can be the cost savings. Migration can be simplified by tools that can
automatically convert data from one form to another
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Disadvantages of migration
 Time consuming: migration is a continual process, which must be repeated every time a medium
reaches obsolescence, for all data objects stored on a certain media.

 Costly: an institution must purchase additional data storage media at each migration

As a result of the disadvantages listed above, technology professionals have begun to develop
alternatives to migration, such as emulation

LO1: Apply existing knowledge and techniques to technology and transfer

Using new or upgraded equipment
 Working in an IT environment often means adjusting to change. New equipment is often
purchased and old equipment is often upgraded. In most organizations, it is the IT
department’s job to test new/upgraded equipment, familiarize them with the equipment
and then pass this knowledge onto the relevant staff of the organization. Different
organizations have varying procedures for this process. Some may be quite rigorous,
involving filling in paperwork to ensure that warranties/guarantees are kept valid.
 To upgrade or Migrate to new version or new technology we should have to see some
scenario

Unsupported Scenario
 Cross-architecture in-place upgrades (for example, x86 to x64) are not supported.

 Cross-language in-place upgrades (for example, en-us to de-de) are not supported.

 Cross-edition upgrades (for example, the Windows Server 2008 Foundation to the Windows
Server 2008 Datacenter) are not supported.

Supported scenarios
From Windows Server 2003 (SP2, R2) Upgrade to Windows Server 2008 R2
Datacenter Datacenter
Enterprise Enterprise, Datacenter
Standard Standard, Enterprise
Windows Server 2008 System Requirements
 If you plan to install the software on your primary computer, it is recommended that you backup
your existing data prior to installation.

Component Requirement
Processor  Minimum: 1 GHz (x86 processor) or 1.4 GHz (x64 processor)
 Recommended: 2 GHz or faster

Memory  Minimum: 512 MB RAM

 Recommended: 2 GB RAM or greater
 Maximum (32-bit systems): 4 GB (Standard) or 64 GB (Enterprise and
Datacenter)

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  Maximum (64-bit systems): 32 GB (Standard) or 1 TB (Enterprise and
Datacenter) or 2 TB (Itanium-Based Systems)

Available Disk  Minimum: 10 GB

Space  Recommended: 40 GB or greater

Drive  DVD-ROM drive

Display and  Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher-resolution monitor

Peripherals Keyboard
 Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device

LO2:Apply functions of technology to assist in solving organizational problems

 The usability of a piece of equipment is probably the most important element for IT
users. If equipment is hard to use, people will be reluctant (unwilling) to use it – wasting
time and money.
 The best way to measure usability is to survey users on the difficulty level of using the
machine. It can be rated as difficult, challenging or easy to use.
 There can be many measures for this – How long did it take you to learn how to use the
machine? Could you learn to use it yourself or did you access help? Was this help in the
form of a user manual or another user?
 Occupational Health and Safety of a piece of equipment needs to be evaluated. It is
unreasonable to make users operate unsafe equipment that could lead to illness or
accident. Items to be considered include:
 Safety of cabling to equipment;
 Electrical testing of equipment (ensure is up to date);
 Equipment meets ergonomic requirements;
 Appropriate training is provided to users to ensure safe operation of equipment;
 Any safety equipment required for operation of machines is provided and used.
 Environmental considerations also need to be taken into account. Energy conservation,
recycling and safe disposal of products has become an important focus for many
businesses. When referring to equipment the following should be considered:
 Energy efficiency of product (considered when purchasing);
 Heat produced by product;
 Environmental considerations of consumables (e.g. appropriate disposal of print
cartridges);
 Recycling opportunities
LO3: Evaluate new or upgraded technology performance
 Windows Server 2008 is the most advanced Windows Server operating system yet, designed to power the
next-generation of networks, applications, and Web services. With Windows Server 2008 you can develop,

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 deliver, and manage rich user experiences and applications, provide a highly secure network infrastructure,
and increase technological efficiency and value within your organization.
 Windows Server 2008 builds on the success and strengths of its Windows Server predecessors while
delivering valuable new functionality and powerful improvements to the base operating system. New Web
tools, virtualization technologies, security enhancements, and management utilities help save time, reduce
costs, and provide a solid foundation for your information technology (IT) infrastructure.
 This tutorial will show you how to install windows server 2008 And How to Upgrade From the Previous
version

Upgrade notes:

The upgrade paths available for Windows Server 2008 shown in the table below:
If you are currently running: You can upgrade to:
Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition Full Installation of Windows Server 2008
(R2, Service Pack 1 or Service Pack 2) Standard Edition
Full Installation of Windows Server 2008
Enterprise Edition
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition Full Installation of Windows Server 2008
(R2, Service Pack 1 or Service Pack 2) Enterprise Edition
Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition Full Installation of Windows Server 2008
(R2, Service Pack 1 or Service Pack 2) Datacenter Edition

 Follow this procedure to install Windows Server 2008:

1. Insert the appropriate Windows Server 2008 installation media into your DVD drive.
2. Reboot the computer.

3. When prompted for an installation language and other regional options, make your
selection and press Next.
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 4. Next, press Install Now to begin the installation process.

5. Product activation is now also identical with that found in Windows Vista. Enter your
Product ID in the next window, and if you want to automatically activate Windows the
moment the installation finishes, click Next.

If you do not have the Product ID available right now, you can leave the box empty, and click
next. You will need to provide the Product ID later, after the server installation is over. Press No.

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 6.  Because you did not provide the correct ID, the installation process cannot determine
what kind of Windows Server 2008 license you own, and therefore you will be prompted
to select your correct version in the next screen, assuming you are telling the truth and
will provide the correct ID to prove your selection later on.

7. If you did provide the right Product ID, select the Full version of the right Windows
version you're prompted, and click Next.

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 8. Read and accept the license terms by clicking to select the checkbox and pressing Next.

9.  In the "Which type of installation do you want?" window, click the only available
option – Custom (Advanced).

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 10.  In the "Where do you want to install Windows?", if you're installing the server on a
regular IDE hard disk, click to select the first disk, usually Disk 0, and click Next.

11. The installation now begins, and you can go and have lunch. Copying the setup files from
the DVD to the hard drive only takes about one minute. However, extracting and
uncompressing the files takes a good deal longer. After 20 minutes, the operating system
is installed. The exact time it takes to install server core depends upon your hardware
specifications. Faster disks will perform much faster installs… Windows Server 2008
takes up approximately 10 GB of hard drive space.

12. Then the server reboots you'll be prompted with the new Windows Server 2008 type of
login screen. Press CTRL+ALT+DEL to log in.

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 13. Click on Other User.

14. The default Administrator is blank, so just type Administrator and press Enter.

15. You will be prompted to change the user's password. You have no choice but to press
Ok.

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 16.  In the password changing dialog box, leave the default password blank (duh, read step
#15…), and enter a new, complex, at-least-7-characters-long new password twice. A
password like "topsecret" is not valid (it's not complex), but one like "T0pSecreT!" sure
is. Make sure you remember it.

17. Someone thought it would be cool to nag you once more, so now you'll be prompted to
accept the fact that the password had been changed. Press Ok.

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 18. Finally, the desktop appears and that's it, you're logged on and can begin working. You
will be greeted by an assistant for the initial server configuration, and after performing
some initial configuration tasks, you will be able to start working.

 Installing Active Directory on Windows Server 2008

 Microsoft Active Directory provides the structure to centralize the network management
and store information about network resources across the entire domain.
 Active Directory uses Domain Controllers to keep this centralized storage available to
network users. In order to configure a Windows Server 2008 machine to act as Domain
Controller, several considerations and prerequisites should be taken into account, and
several steps should be performed.
Considerations when installing a new Windows Server 2008 forest
When you install AD to create the first domain controller in a new Windows Server 2008 forest,
you must keep the following considerations in mind:
 You must make forest and domain functional level decisions that determine whether your
forest and domain can contain domain controllers that run Windows 2000 Server,
Windows Server 2003, or both.

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  Domain controllers running the Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0 operating system are
NOT supported with Windows Server 2008.
 Servers running Windows NT Server 4.0 are NOT supported by domain controllers that
are running Windows Server 2008, meaning you MUST have additional DCs running
Windows 2000/2003 to support older NT 4.0 servers.
 The first Windows Server 2008 domain controller in a forest must be a global catalog
server
Considerations when installing a new Windows Server 2008 domain in an
existing Windows 2000/2003 forest
When you install AD to create the first domain controller in a new Windows Server 2008
domain, you must keep the following considerations in mind:
 Before you create a new Windows Server 2008 domain in a Windows 2000/2003 forest,
you must prepare the forest for Windows Server 2008 by extending the schema.
 You must make domain functional level decisions that determine whether your domain
can contain domain controllers that run Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003, or
both.
General considerations
Installing Active Directory Domain Services (AD-DS)
In Windows Server 2008, unlike previous server operating Systems, there is an additional step
that needs to be taken before running DCPROMO to promote the server to Domain Controller
and installing Active Directory on it. This step is the installation of Active Directory Domain
Services (AD-DS) role on the server. In fact, the AD-DS role is what enables the server to act as
a Domain Controller, but you will still need to run DCPROMO the regular way.
 AD-DS can be installed in one of 3 methods:
Method 1 – Server Manager/Initial Configuration Tasks
Roles can and should be added from Server Manager (but they can also be initiated from the
Initial Configuration Tasks wizard that auto-opens the first time you log on to the server).
1. Open Server Manager by clicking the icon in the Quick Launch toolbar, or from the
Administrative Tools folder.
2. Wait till it finishes loading, then click on Roles > Add Roles link.

3. In the Before you begin window, click Next.

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 4. In the Select Server Roles window, click to select Active Directory Domain Services,
and then click Next.

5. In the Active Directory Domain Services window read the provided information if you
want to, and then click Next.
 In the Active Directory Domain Services window read the provided information if you
want to, and then click Next.

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  In the Confirm Installation Selections, read the provided information if you want to, and
then click Next.

 Wait till the process completes.

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 When it ends, click Close.

 Going back to Server Manager, click on the Active Directory Domain Services link, and
note that there's no information linked to it, because the DCPROMO command has not been run
yet.

 Method 2:- Now you can click on the DCPROMO link, or read on.

1. To run DCPROMO, enter the command in the Run command, or click on the
DCPROMO link from Server Manager > Roles > Active Directory Domain Services.

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 2. Depending upon the question if AD-DS was previously installed or not, the Active
Directory Domain Services Installation Wizard will appear immediately or after a short
while. Click Next.

Note: The Advanced features of DCPROMO will be discussed in a future article.

 In the Operating System Compatibility window, read the provided information and click
Next.

 In the Choosing Deployment Configuration window, click on "Create a new domain in a

new forest" and click Next.
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 Enter an appropriate name for the new domain. Make sure you pick the right domain name,
as renaming domains is a task you will not wish to perform on a daily basis. Click Next.

Note: Do NOT use single label domain names such as "mydomain" or similar. You MUST pick
a full domain name such as "mydomain.local" or "mydomain.com" and so on.
The wizard will perform checks to see if the domain name is not already in use on the local
network.

 Pick the right forest function level. Windows 2000 mode is the default, and it allows the
addition of Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008 Domain
Controllers to the forest you're creating.
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 Pick the right domain function level. Windows 2000 Native mode is the default, and it allows
the addition of Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008 Domain
Controllers to the domain you're creating.

Note: If you select "Windows Server 2008" for the forest function level, you will Not be
prompted to pick a domain function level.
 The wizard will perform checks to see if DNS is properly configured on the local
network. In this case, no DNS server has been configured, therefore, the wizard will offer
to automatically install DNS on this server.

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Note: The first DCs must also be a Global Catalog. Also, the first DCs in a forest cannot be a
Read Only Domain controller.
 It's most likely that you'll get a warning telling you that the server has one or more
dynamic IP Addresses. Running IPCONFIG /all will show that this is not the case,
because as you can clearly see, I have given the server a static IP Address. So, where did
this come from? The answer is IPv6. I did not manually configure the IPv6 Address,
hence the warning. In a network where IPv6 is not used, you can safely ignore this
warning.

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  You'll probably get a warning about DNS delegation. Since no DNS has been configured
yet, you can ignore the message and click Yes.

 Next, change the paths for the AD database, log files and SYSVOL folder. For large
deployments, carefully plan your DC configuration to get the maximum performance.
When satisfied, click Next.

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  Enter the password for the Active Directory Recovery Mode. This password must be kept
confidential, and because it stays constant while regular domain user passwords expire
(based upon the password policy configured for the domain, the default is 42 days), it
does not. This password should be complex and at least 7 characters long. It is strongly
suggest that you do NOT use the regular administrator's password, and that you write it
down and securely store it. Click Next.

1. In the Summary window review your selections, and if required, save them to an un attend
answer file. When satisfied, click Next.

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 2. The wizard will begin creating the Active Directory domain, and when finished, you will need to

press Finish and reboot your computer.

Note: You can automate the rebooting process by checking the Reboot on Completion
checkbox.

 AD DS Installation and Removal Step-by-Step Guide

Method 2 – Servermanager

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Method 2 – Servermanagercmd.exe
Servermanagercmd.exe is the command prompt equivalent of the Add Roles and Add Features
wizards in Server Manager. Through the use of various command line options, you can quickly
and easily add or remove features and roles to or from your server, including the AD-DS role.
To install AD-DS by using Servermanagercmd.exe, simply enter the following command in the
Command Prompt window:
Servermanagercmd.exe –I ADDS-Domain-Controller
Let the command run and when it finishes, AD-DS will be installed on the server.
Method 3 – Letting DCPROMO do the job
Oh yes. If you forget to install AD-DS or simply want to skip clicking on some windows, you
can run DCPROMO from the Run command and before it is executed, the server will check to
see if the AD-DS binaries are installed. Since they are not, they will auto-install.

After you complete the Add Roles Wizard, either click the link to start the Active Directory
Domain Services Installation Wizard, or close Server Manager and manually run DCPROMO
from the Run command.
Running DCPROMO
After installing the AD-DS role, we need to run DCPROMO to perform the actual Active
Directory database and function installation.

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Adding Role in Server 2008
DNS

 Domain Name System (DNS)

o A hierarchical, distributed, and scalable database that contains various entries known
as resource records

o To understand its workings and how it performs its functions, you must understand
the structure of DNS

 DNS structure

o To fully identify a host in the DNS hierarchy, you use a Fully Qualified Domain
Name (FQDN)

 An FQDN is a segmented name that uses a host name together with its domain
names, separated by dots

 It completely identifies a host on a TCP/IP network such as the Internet

 Understanding the DNS hierarchy makes it easy to understand the way DNS works to resolve
host names to IP addresses and IP addresses to host names

 To perform all this on a Windows Server 2003 network, DNS requires two main components

o Resolver

o Name server

 Resolver

o Runs on the DNS client computers

o Is the service used to request resolution of a name from a DNS server

o During DNS name resolution, if the client is unable to resolve the destination host
name on its own, the resolver sends a query to the server configured as the primary
DNS name server, requesting the required data

 Name server

o A DNS name server is simply a server with the DNS Server service installed and
running

o While a name server usually includes one or more zone files used for authoritatively
resolving queries to one or more zones, this is not required

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 o Servers that have no zone files are typically used to cache requests for large numbers
of clients, and are known as caching-only servers

 DNS zones

o DNS is based on the concept of zones

o Zones are an area of authority consisting of one or more contiguous domains

o When a server contains a particular zone, it is said to be authoritative for that zone,
meaning that any query it receives for that zone can be answered with direct
knowledge; no other servers must be asked

 DNS zones

o Zones are broken into two primary types

 Forward lookup zones

 Standard DNS zones

 Primarily used for resolving name-to-IP lookups using A records

 Reverse lookup zones

 Are used for inverse queries

 Typically resolve IP-to-name lookups using PTR (pointer) records

How to install Domain Name System (DNS) role in Windows Server 2008
You can use this tutorial to install all other roles, procedure is almost the same, just for every
other role you have different options to choose. So, here we are, in Server Manager window,
and let’s click with right mouse button on Roles and let’s select Add roles.

Now we have Add Roles Wizard, and we have to select DNS Server role (or any other
Windows Server 2008 role) in Select Server Roles screen. Then, click on Next.

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Now, you’ll see Introduction to DNS Server.

Just click on Next, and then you’ll get Confirm installation selections window, where you have
to click on Finish.

Computer will then reboot and that’s it, you have Domain Name System Server installed on
Windows Server 2008.

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  How to Create Users and User Templates in Windows Server
2008 Active Directory
How to Create a New User Account in Active Directory
1. To start let’s go ahead and open up Server Manager

2. Next we will open up the Roles section, next to Active Directory Users and Computers
section and finally the Active Directory Users and Computers. You should now see
your domain name.

3. We are going to click on our Users section where we are going to create a new User
Account. To do so, right-click on the blank section, point to New and select User.

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 4. In this window you need to type in the user’s first name, middle initial and last name.
Next you will need to create a user’s logon name.
In our example we are going to create a user account for Billy Miles and his logon name will be
bmiles. When done, click on the Next button.

5. In the next window you will need to create a password for your new user and select
appropriate options.
In our example we are going to have the user change his password at his next logon. You can
also prevent a user from changing his password, set the password so that it will never expire or
completely disable the account.When you are done making your selections, click the Next
button.

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 6. And finally, click on the Finish button to complete the creation of new User Account.

 How To Create a User Template in Active Directory

A user template in Active Directory will make your life a little easier, especially if you are
creating users for a specific department, with exactly the same properties, and membership to the
same user groups. A user template is nothing more than a disabled user account that has all these
settings already in place. The only thing you are doing is copying this account, adding a new
name and a password.
You may have multiple user templates for multiple purposes with different settings and
properties. There is no limit on the number of user templates, but keep in mind that they are there
to help you, not to confuse you, so keep in mind less is better.
To create a user template, we are going to create a regular user account just like we did above. A
little note here, you may want to add an * as the first character of the name so it floats at the top
in AD and is much easier to find.

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1. To start out, right-click on the empty space, point to new, and select User.

2. Type in the user’s name (with asterisks if so desired) and click Next.

3. Create the template’s password and do not forget to check the box next to the Account is
disabled option. When ready, click Next.

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4. Once the account is created, you can go ahead and add all the properties you need for that
template. To do so, double-click on that account and navigate to a specific tab. Once done click
OK.

How To Use a User Template in Active Directory

1. Now in order to use that user template, we are going to select it, copy it and add the
unique information such as user name, password, etc.We can do that for as many users as
needed. L

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et’s start by right-clicking on the template and selecting Copy.

2. Next we are going to enter the user’s name, login and password information while
making sure the checkbox next to Account is disabled is unchecked.

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 3. Once we finish, our new user account is created with all the properties of the template
account. Now wasn’t that easy!
Logon information procedures
Right click on users and click on “Show Logon info”

Notice how a prompt is displayed showing the additional information for that user account.

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New in Windows Server 2008 is the concept of Roles. Examples of Roles for your server are:
 DNS
 DHCP
 Web Server (IIS)
 Windows Active Directory (AD) Server
While it is easy to add these roles in the Windows Server 2008 GUI (see Figure 1, below), what
if you had to or wanted to add & remove roles at the Windows Server 2008 Command prompt?
How would you do it? Let’s find out…

Adding Roles with the Windows Server 2008 GUI

What is ServerManagecmd.exe?
Just like the new “Role” concept that is new Windows Server 2008, you are offered a new CLI
tool to manage those Roles. That tool is ServerManagercmd.exe.
With ServerManagercmd.exe, you can do the following:
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  Query installed roles on the Windows 2008 Server & send output to an XML file if you
choose.
 Use an answer file as input for certain roles being installed.
 Install new Server 2008 Roles, perform logging on the install, select sub-features to be
installed, and perform “what if” analysis on what the results of the install would be.
 Remove Windows Server roles.
How do I Install a Role with ServerManagercmd.exe?
Once you know the proper command identifier for the role (and sub roles) that you want to
install, actually installing the Roles is easy. Here is an example of installation of Windows
Server 2008 Printing Services. Notice how to type servermanagercmd –install Print-Services:

ServerManagercmd.exe installation of Windows Print Services

The installation was successful but we are told that we must reboot the server for the install to
take effect. To prevent this, I could have done:
servermanagercmd –install Print-Services –restart
And the reboot would have automatically occurred.
But what if there are a lot of sub-features in the case of a package like Terminal Services? How
can I prevent having to run multiple ServerManagercmd.exe commands?
There are a couple of options here. First, some of the roles you may want to install have
“umbrella” commands. For example, if you want to install all IIS related roles, you can use
Web-Server, like this:
servermanagercmd –install Web-Server
This command would install not only IIS but also things like HTTP Errors, ASP, ASP.NET,
CGI, Web Security, and more.
Here is an example of my installation of Windows IIS Web Server using the main command
option, which installs the main role and all sub-roles:

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Installing the umbrella command options
How to remove a Role with ServerManagercmd
As you have probably figured out, removing roles works the reverse as installing roles. To
remove a role, just use the –remove option, like this:

Removing a Windows Server 2008 Role with ServerManagercmd.exe

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