EXOGENOUS

PROCESSES ON
EARTH
 OBJECTIVES
• classify rocks into igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic;
• describe how rocks undergo
weathering; and
• explain how the products of
weathering are carried away by
erosion and deposited elsewhere;
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
Weathering is the
disintegration or
decomposition of rocks, soils,
and minerals together with
other materials through
contact with Earth’s
subsystems.
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
a. Physical/Mechanical
Weathering
-breaking down of rocks
by mechanical forces
concentrated along rock
fractures
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
FROST WEDGING
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
EXFOLIATION
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
BIOWEATHERING
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
a. Chemical Weathering
-process of breaking
down rocks through
chemical reactions
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
ACID RAIN
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
HYDROLYSIS
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
OXIDATION
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
CARBONATION
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
REGOLITH
- loose fragments of rocks
and minerals that cover
the surface of the Earth
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
REGOLITH
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
AGENTS OF WEATHERING
• water
• precipitates
• fire
• pressure
• bioweathering
• acids (chemical weathering)
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
EROSION
- process by which Earth’s
surface is worn away by
wind, water, or ice and
moves rock debris or soil
from one place to another
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
Triggers of Erosion
• rainfall
• surface runoff
• flowing rivers
• seawater intrusion
• flooding
• freezing and thawing
• hurricane and wind
• human activities
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
MASS WASTING
- weathering that occurs
on mountains detaches large
slabs of rocks which moves
down slope due to the force of
gravity.
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
TRIGGERS OF MASS WASTING
• volcanic eruptions
• earthquakes
• heavy rainfall
• human intervention
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
TYPES OF MASS WASTING
• falls
• slides
• slumps
• avalanches
• flows
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
FALLS
• occur when materials located
in a steep slope move
downward without contact
with the ground until they
reach the foot of the slope.
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
SLIDES
• move materials as one
nearly following a straight
line down the slope.
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
SLUMPS
• move materials as one
nearly following a curved
surface
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
AVALANCHE
• most rapid type wherein
loose materials move
incoherently or in a
chaotic fashion
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
FLOWS
• movement of materials
when they become
saturated with water thus
moving like a liquid
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
EFFECTS OF MASS WASTING
• loss of life/injury
• property damage
• loss of capital assets
• interruption of economic
activities
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth
SEDIMENTATION
- accumulation of materials
such as soil, rock
fragments, and soil
particles settling at the
bottom.
 Exogenous
Processes on Earth