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Construction of low cost housing by using the low cost building materials increases the acce
low income group peoples. Low cost housing can be achieved by use of efficiet plannng and 
management, low cost materials, economical construction technologies and use of alternate
methods availabe. The profit gained from use of such methods can decrease the cost of con
the low cost housing accessible to all.

The use of low cost alternate building materials also prevents the rise of construction cost du
building materials which eventually increase the cost of the project.

Selection of Materials for Low Cost Housing:

The first step to low cost housing material selection is to select ecofriendly building material
enhanaces the sustainable design principle. The life cycle of a building os pre­building, build
building stages. Each stage of building should be such that they help conserve the energy. T
indicate flow of building materials through different stages of a building. Pre­building stage m
manufacture which is subdivided in processing, packing and transport. The building phase m
construction, operation and maintenance whilst as the last stage would be disposal where th
recycled or reused.

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recycled or reused.

1) In Manufacturing of low cost building materials – Pollution prevention:

Manufacturing of building materials should be environment friendly. Efforts should be made 
the technologies for producing good quality, efficient building materials and should improve 
generation during manufacturing. These results in reduction of pollutants to environment.

2) Recycling of wastes in Manufacturing – The wastes which can be recycled can and u
whilst as wooden wastes can be used in manufacture of plywood or soft boards. (Courtesy­B

3) Reducing Energy Consumption and use of Natural materials – The total energy req
material is called embodied energy. The greater a materials embodied energy; it requires a 
non­renewable sources. It is therefore advantageous to use materials or composite material
the wastages. The natural materials such as stones, wood, lime, sand and bamboo can be u
ever possible. The natural materials impact more sustainability to structures as well as they 
environment.

4) Use of Local material – The use of local materials reduces the dependence on transpor
contribution to the building material cost is high for long distance. Use of locally available bu
not only reduces the construction cost but also are suitable for the local environmental cond

5) Energy Efficiency – Energy efficiently of a building material can be measured through v
its R value, shading coefficient, luminous efficiency or fuel efficiency. Energy efficient materi
the amount of generated energy.

6)Use of non­toxic building materials: Use of toxic building materials can significantly im
construction people and the occupants of the building. Thus it is advisable to use the non­to
materials for construction. There are several chemicals including formaldehydes, benzene, a
chemicals in insulations, ply boards which are present in furnishings and building material. T
of these toxic materials must be considered while their selection and they should be used on
required.

Higher air cycling is recommended while installation of materials having volatile organic com
several adhesives, paints, sealants, cleaners and so on.

7) Longitivity, durability and maintenance of building material: The use of durable co
materials does not only enhance the life of the building but also reduces the cost of mainten

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maintenance costs naturally save a lot of building operating cost. The materials used in build
long term costs of an operating.
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8) Recyclability and reusability of building material: A material should be available in 
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consideration whether a material decomposes naturally or produces some toxic gases.

Composites as Building Materials:

The composite building materials are made of composition of two or more materila which ha
property. Natural fiber materials are coming up as excellent substitutes for the prevailing bu
Fibers likes jute, sisal coconut, ramie, banana are cheap and environmentally suited as they
natural fibers. They are also replacing the fiber reinforced plastics.

Composite building materials present immense opportunities to replace traditional materials
aluminum and concrete in buildings. They help in reduction of corrosion and their low weigh
useful in many low stress applications. Each type of composite has its own characteristic pro
useful for specific purpose.

Jute fiber reinforced polypropylene composites, coir fiber reinforced composites, sisal fiber a
jute pultruded composites are a few to be named. CBRI has developed MDF composite doors
fiber, cashew nut, shell liquid (CNSL) as natural resin and Para formaldehyde as major const

Many composite building materials are generated from glass fibres and industrial wastes. Th
used for manufacturing of portable toiles, water storage tanks, outdoor furniture, bath tubs,
decoration, basin, door, window frames etc. Thus the application of composite building mate
construction vary from cladding to internal furnishings and the owner highly benefits due to 
because of their light weight, resistance to corrosion and availability in different colours. Pul
effective method for producing composite profiles. It is commercially applicable for light wei
structures, electrical non conductive systems and so many other functions.

The pultruded items are recognized and recommended in the Global markets. Pultrated sect
established alternative to steel, wood and aluminium in developed countries and catching fa
the world.

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