FIRST GRADING PERIOD

A. DESCRIPTION: This learning kit is an innovative tool produced by SPDCSS to meet the standards
of the k to 12 Curriculum in providing our teachers and students relevant to the understanding of key
concepts and principles of patterns.

CONTENT STANDARD: The learner demonstrates understanding of: pre-colonial Philippine

literature as a means of connecting to the past; various reading styles; ways of determining word
meaning; the sounds of English and the prosodic features of speech; and correct subject-verb
agreement.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learner transfers learning by: showing appreciation for the
literature of the past; comprehending texts using appropriate reading styles; participating in
conversations using appropriate context-dependent expressions; producing English sounds correctly
and using the prosodic features of speech effectively in various situations; and observing correct
subject-verb agreement.

COMPETENCIES:

 Identify the genre, purpose, intended audience and features of various viewed texts such as
movie clip, trailer, newsflash, internet-based program, documentary, video.
 Use appropriate reading style (scanning, skimming, speed reading, intensive reading for one‟s
purpose
 Use phrases, clauses, and sentences appropriately and meaningfully.

CONTENT / TOPICS: The Creation

Malakas and Maganda
Literary Elements: Plot, Setting and Narrative
Nouns and Nouns Determiners

Month: August (1st Week)

Learning Material/Module:

PRE- READING

Focus Question: Why do you think you need to learn about Filipino narratives?

Let’s find out how much you have already known about Philippine Folk Literature by reading the
provided text and answering the questions that follows.

MYTH is a traditional sacred story, which usually narrates the activities of gods
and heroes, and that can explain a natural phenomenon or cultural practice.

THE CREATION
 An Igorot Myth

In the beginning there were no people on the earth. Lumawig, the Great Spirit, came down
from the sky and cut many reeds. He divided these into pairs which he placed in different parts of the
world, and then he said to them, "You must speak."
Immediately the reeds became people, and in each place was a man and a woman who
could talk, but the language of each couple differed from that of the others.
Then Lumawig commanded each man and woman to marry, which they did. By and by there
were many children, all speaking the same language as their parents. These, in turn, married and had
many children. In this way there came to be many people on the earth.
Now Lumawig saw that there were several things which the people on the earth needed to
use, so he set to work to supply them. He created salt, and told the inhabitants of one place to boil it
down and sell it to their neighbors. But these people could not understand the directions of the Great
Spirit, and the next time he visited them, they had not touched the salt.
Then he took it away from them and gave it to the people of a place called Mayinit. These did
as he directed, and because of this he told them that they should always be owners of the salt, and
that the other peoples must buy of them.
Then Lumawig went to the people of Bontoc and told them to get clay and make pots. They
got the clay, but they did not understand the molding, and the jars were not well shaped. Because of
their failure, Lumawig told them that they would always have to buy their jars, and he removed the
pottery to Samoki. When he told the people there what to do, they did just as he said, and their jars
were well shaped and beautiful. Then the Great Spirit saw that they were fit owners of the pottery,
and he told them that they should always make many jars to sell. In this way Lumawig taught the
people and brought to them all the things which they now have.

https://www.pitt.edu/~dash/creation-phil.html#thecreation

MALAKAS AND MAGANDA

Retold by Teofilodel Castillo

A long time ago, there was no land. There were only the sea and the sky. A
bird was then flying in the sky. Soon it grew tired and wanted to rest. But it could not. As it was smart,
it made the MYTH is a traditional sacred story, which usually narrates the activities of gods and
heroes, and that can explain a natural phenomenon or cultural practice. sea throw rocks up at the
sky. And the sky turned very dark and poured down water. That was how the island came about. Now
the waves break on the shore and can never rise as high as the sky again.
Horrified by the unusual downpour of rain, the bird flew away as fast as it could
and it saw the land just created. And on that land, the bird could see tropical trees, throwing up their
naked shoulders. These green things were merely bamboos.
As the bird was flying all the time, it became thirsty. But it could not quench its
thirst with the salty sea water. Therefore, the bird looked for rivulets. Unfortunately, there was none.
Realizing that some water was stored in the bamboo joints, the bird alighted, and started to peck on
the bamboo clumps.
“Peck harder, peck harder,” a weak voice cried, the moment its bill struck the
bamboo. The bird was extremely frightened, and was about to fly away. But like a curious woman, the
bird restrained itself because it wanted to know if that was really voice that it heard inside. Gathering
courage, the bird pecked, pecked, and pecked. “Peck harder, peck harder,” the weak voice
complained again. The bird became more curious. It pecked and pecked with all its might. But as its
pecking was ineffectual, the bird snatched a piece of rock nearby and dropped it on the bamboo. The
bamboo was broken and split in two. In the wink of an eye, a man and a woman stepped out of the
bamboo joint, the man bowing politely to the woman. The woman gave recognition to the man; then
they walked away hand in hand.
The appearance of the human beings frightened the bird. It forgot its thirst and
flew away, hardly realizing that it saw the first human beings, and had a role in their creation.

http://tayoymgapinoy.blogspot.com/2015/06/si-malakas-at-si-maganda-as-retold-by.html

Activity 1
1. How different is, “Malakas and Maganda” myth from other stories of creation that you now?
What other similar myths can you think of?
2. Why do you think some communities still believe in folktales? Why or why not?
3. How does the myth reflect early Philippine literature?
4. The first man and woman are called Malakas and Maganda in most myths. They are said to be
symbols of what the Filipino is. What are the best traits of the Filipino that Malakas and Maganda
stand for?

Activity 2

In 3-5 sentences, choose one of the reading texts and retell the story using your own words.

Activity 3

Complete the graphic organizer by searching for information in the books or online about Philippine
narratives-what each one means, the characters, and an example for each.

Type of narrative What is means The characters Example

Myth

Epic

Legend

Activity 4

1. Log on the website www.filipinoforkids.com and watch the video “Malakas at Maganda.
2. Make a reflection based on the following questions:
a. Describe hoe the myth is played out in this animation.
b. How are the mythic characters depicted in the video?
c. Is the story in the video different or similar to the written myth? Which parts were similar or
different?

GRAMMAR
Activity 6

Read the first part of the Bamboo creation myth entitled “Origin”. Underline the nouns and write S for
Singular or P for plural nouns on the top of the word.

In the beginning there lived one man and one woman, Toglai and Toglibon. Their first
children were a boy and a girl. When they were old enough, the boy and the girl went far away across
the waters seeking a good place to live in. Nothing more was heard of them until their children, the
Spaniards and Americans, came back. After the first boy and girl left, other children were born to the
couple; but they all remained at Cibolan on Mount Apo with their parents, until Toglai and Toglibon
died and became spirits. Soon after that there came a great drought which lasted for three years. All
the waters dried up, so that there were no rivers, and no plants could live.
"Surely," said the people, "Manama is punishing us, and we must go elsewhere to find food
and a place to dwell in."
So they started out. Two went in the direction of the sunset, carrying with them stones
from Cibolan River. After a long journey they reached a place where were broad fields of cogon grass
and an abundance of water, and there they made their home. Their children still live in that place and
are called Magindanau, because of the stones which the couple carried when they left Cibolan.

Source: https://www.pitt.edu/~dash/creation-phil.html#origin

Grammar – Noun

Definition of Noun
Naming word is noun.
Or
A word used to show the name of person,thing, quality, idea or state is called noun.
e.g.

1. Jacob is a good athlete.              (Name of person)

2. Nepal is a beautiful place.          (Name of place)
3. I have got a glass bottle.             (Name of thing)
4. Lovers like silence.                     (Name of quality)
5. Death is inevitable.                     (Name of state)

Noun Chart For Class 7 or Types of Noun

Proper Noun
The name given to a particular person, place or thing.
Or
The name given to a noun which is one of a kind or unique in its own.
e.g.

1. Vikramaditya was a just king.       (Proper Noun)

2. Rajasthan is a sandy area.               (Proper Noun)

Common Noun
The name given, to the nouns of a same class is common noun.
e.g.

1.  Boys are hardworking.         (Common Noun)

2.  Lions will never eat grass.   (Common Noun)

Exception
Sometimes proper nouns are used as common nouns when they represent the quality they possess.
In such a case we use ‘the’ before the proper noun,
e.g.
 1.  Rahul is the Sachin of our school.
2. Vidya is the Rekha of the club.

Proper noun as common noun

This means Rahul is‘a very good cricketer’, like Sachin.

Proper noun as common noun

This means Vidya is ‘like the heroine Rekha’. Hence, here the proper nouns take article ‘the’.

Material Noun
Names given to the things which we cannot but can weigh or measure are material nouns.
Or
Material objects are not the things in themselves but are used to produce new things from them.
e.g.

1.  Gold is a costly metal.          (Material Noun)

2. Door is made up of plastic.  (Material Noun)

Collective Noun
Noun that refers to a group, collection or gathering is called collective noun.
e.g.

1.  The class seems to be noisy.         (Collective Noun)

2.  A bunch of flowers is beautiful.   (Collective Noun)

Abstract Noun
Noun that is used for the action, state, quality is called abstract noun.
e.g.

1. Hunger made the farmer weary.      (Abstract Noun)

2. Youth are’the future of the country  (Abstract Noun)

Nouns can further be classified as

(i) Countable Nouns

Nouns which can be counted are countable nouns,
e.g.
 1.  Eggs are sold Rs. 60 a dozen.
2.  Five new girls are admitted.
Underlined words are examples of countable nouns.

(ii) Uncountable Noun

Nouns which can’t be counted are uncountable nouns.
e.g.

1. Milk is useful for everyone.

2. Bread is given to the patients.

Noun : Number
Number is that grammatical entity that tells us about the fact if the noun is just one or more than one.

Types of Number
(i) Singular
If the noun is just one in number, it is singular, e.g. cow, boy, place, radio etc.
(ii) Plural
If the noun is more than one, it is plural, e.g. cows, boys, places, radios etc.

Rules for Changing the Singular into Plural

Rule 1
Nouns that end with a consonant are made plural by adding ‘-s’ to the singular.
Parrot    –     Parrots
Egg        –      Eggs
Boat       –     Boats
Actor     –     Actors
Cook     –      Cooks
Hat          –   Hats

Rule 2
Nouns that end with -s, -ss, -ch pluralised by adding ‘-es’.
Bus         –       Buses
Glass       –      Glasses
Bench     –      Benches
Bush       –      Bushes
Quiz        –     Quizzes
Tax          –     Taxes

Exception
Stomach    –     Stomachs
Monarch   –     Monarchs

Rule 3
Nouns that end with -o and there is a consonant before -o then plural is made by adding ‘-es’.
Tomato      –     Tomatoes
Mosquito    –    Mosquitoes
Mango       –      Mangoes
Hero          –      Heroes

Exception
Photo     –        Photos
Zero        –       Zeros

Rule 4
Nouns that end with -y and there is a consonant before -y, then plural is made by changing ‘y’ to ‘i’
and adding ‘-es’.
Fly        –       Flies
Story    –       Stories
Baby      –     Babies
Family  –     Families
Copy      –    Copies
Library   –   Libraries

Rule 5
Nouns that end with -y and there is a vowel before -y, then plural is made by adding ‘-s’.
Boy     –     Boys
Day      –   Days
Key      –   Keys
Way     –   Ways
Toy      –    Toys
Essay   –   Essays

Rule 6
Nouns that end with double vowel are pluralised by adding ‘-s’.
Tree     –       Trees
Bee       –      Bees
Zoo      –       Zoos
Radio    –     Radios
Portfolio –  Portfolios
Bamboo  –  Bamboos

Exception
Roof        Roofs

Rule 7
Some nouns are pluralised by the change in their inside vowel.
Tooth     –     Teeth
Foot        –     Feet
Mouse    –     Mice
Man       –     Men

Rule 8
Nouns that end with -f or -fe pluralised by adding ‘-es’ after -f or -fe is changed to ‘-v’.
Knife       –      Knives
Thief       –      Thieves
Wife        –      Wives
Life        –        Lives
Chief       –      Chiefs
Proof      –       Proofs
Scarf      –       Scarfs/Scarves

Rule 9
Compound nouns are pluralised by adding ‘-s’ to the principal word.
Step-son                 –           Step-sons
Brother-in-law        –        Brothers-in-law
Pea-cock Pea-cocks  –     Passer-by Passers-by

Exception
Man-servant    –      Men-servants
Lord-justice     –      Lord-justices

Rule 10
Nouns that end with ‘-man’ are made plural
changing ‘-man’ into ‘-men’.
Woman          –    Women
Postman         –    Postmen
Watchman    –    Watchmen
Chairman      –    Chairmen
Milkman       –     Milkmen
Fellowman    –    Fellowmen

Types of Gender

Noun : Gender
Gender of a noun denotes the difference they have in terms of their sex.

1. Masculine Gender that denotes male sex.

e.g. Boy, Horse, Father
2. Feminine Gender that denotes female sex. e.g. Girl, Mare, Mother
3. Common Gender that denotes either sex.
e.g. Doctor, Teacher, Child
4. Neuter Gender that denotes neuter things or non-living things.
e.g. Pen, Table, Glass

Rules for Changing Masculine into Feminine

Rule 1
Masculine can be changed into feminine by adding ‘-ess’.
Poet       –     Poetess
Lion       –     Lioness
Host       –    Hostess
Giant     –     Giantess

Exception
God   –   Goddess

Rule 2
In some nouns,- ending in ‘r’, after
Masculine can be changed into feminine by adding ‘-ess’ removing the ‘vowel’ before the last letter.
Tiger        –    Tigress
Monitor   –    Monitress
Masculine can be changed into the feminine by using a completely different word.
Actor – Actress
Editor – Editress

Rule 3
King      –      Queen
Hero     –      Heroine
Uncle    –      Aunt
Husband  –  Wife

Rule 4
Feminine of the compound nouns are made by changing the masculine word of the compound noun
that comes to the front.
She-bear          –         He-bear
Cow-calf         –           Bull-calf
She-goat           –        He-goat
Daughter-in-law  –  Son-in-law

Rule 5
Feminine of some masculine are made by removing the last vowel and consonant and then by adding
‘-ess’.
Governor     –     Governess
Murderer     –     Murderess

Exception
Duke      –     Duke

Rule 6
Compound nouns change their gender by changing masculine word into feminine coming later.
Headmaster     –    Headmistress
Grandfather   –      Grandmother
Milkman         –      Milkmaid
Peacock         –        Peahen

Activity 7

Practice Questions on Nouns For Class 7 and Solutions

In the sentences given below identify nouns and state what type of noun it is.

1.  A dog likes to eat bread.

2.  Police have given a grand party to public.
3.  The monitor told the class to keep mum.
4.  Hari likes to read Indian story always.
5.  The Ganga flows from the Himalayas.
6.  A Bengal tiger looks great.
7.  A man was standing there.
8.  Players were playing football.
9.  Oranges are a costly fruit.
10.  Eggs were broken by a boy.

In the sentences given below some nouns are countable and some are uncountable. Find the noun
and state what type it is.

1.  Hari bought rice and pulse for himself.

2.  Maruti is selling a number of cars.
3.  The forest has many trees to cut.
4.  Cow gives us milk to drink.
5.  Labourer works hard to finish the work.
6.  I love the sweets that are attractive.
7.  Water is a very precious mineral.
8.  The apples he bought were very raw.
9.  There are many ways to solve a question.
10.  A stampede occurred yesterday due to the crowd.

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1.  A swarm of ………… are flying all around.

2.  A …………… of musicians were performing.
3.  Farmers keep a ……….. of buffaloes.
4.  A …………. of girls could be seen here always.
5.  The house was on the target by a gang of ……………
6.  The board of ………….. decided to postpone it.
7.  Mr Arora  booked ………….. of rooms in a hotel.
8.  A troop of ………….. looks elegant on the go.
9.  Forests show you a clump of …………..
 10.  The minister crossed with a heavy fleet of …………..

Make the plurals of the nouns given below.

1.  Owl
2.  Prime Minister
3.  Goat
4. Brush
5.  Key
6.  Negro
7.  Kiss
8.  Dish
9.  Lady
10.  Dwarf
11.  Farmer
12. Queen
13.  Step-son
14.  Louse
15.  Cargo

In the given sentences identify the case of the noun.

1.  Prime Minister is going to Japan today.

2.  Flowers smell so good.
3.  Father teaches the child in the night.
4.  Mohit is busy with school’s work.
5.  The judge will sentence the thief later.
6.  Anshu refused this on conscience’s call.
7.  Vijay decorates the house beautifully.
8. Jenifer’s decision can’t be changed now.
9.  Sadhna is listening to Rahman’s music.
10.  Umpire declared the batsman out now.

Activity 8

In the second part of the creation of myth, underline the noun phrases made up of a noun determiner
+ noun. Then, write your own sentences using these noun phrases.

Two children of Toglai and Toglibon went to the south, seeking a home, and they carried
with them women's baskets (baraan). When they found a good spot, they settled down. Their
descendants, still dwelling at that place, are called Baraan or Bilaan, because of the women's
baskets.
So two by two the children of the first couple left the land of their birth. In the place where
each settled a new people developed, and thus it came about that all the tribes in the world received
their names from things that the people carried out of Cibolan, or from the places where they settled.
All the children left Mount Apo save two (a boy and a girl), whom hunger and thirst had
made too weak to travel. One day when they were about to die the boy crawled out to the field to see
if there was one living thing, and to his surprise he found a stalk of sugarcane growing lustily.
He eagerly cut it, and enough water came out to refresh him and his sister until the rains
came. Because of this, their children are called Bagobo.

Source: https://www.pitt.edu/~dash/creation-phil.html#origin