COMPLEX NUMBERS

61

Exercises 2A
1. 21 and z2 are complex numbers. Prove that

)12tZ12a 2|z1 ll z2 ,
(i)|1-72 - | a - z2 P=(1-| a P)1-|z» P).
(ii) |1+ i22 +|21 -22= (1+ | z1 |)(1+ | 22 |).
2 a n d 22 are two non-zero complex numbers. Prove that

6 s 2,
(i) 2| z+ 2a |2 (| za |+ | 2a)lta
3. Prove that for a complex number z, | z |2 | Rlz |+ | Imz |).

Hint. Let z =a+ib. Use the inequality l b 2 ( J

4. 21,22 are complex numbers and w = V 2 . Prove that

Z1+|z2 =| +w|+| wl
Hint.( 1t2 + w |+ |1t2
2
w |)2 =|1t*2 +w |2+| 25*2 - uw |2
+2 P =2| *1a 2 +2|u 2 +2| , since a +bP +la-b1
2 a |2 +2 |b|2]
Note that 2122# V21-V2, in general.
5. 21,22 are complex numbers such that |21 322| = | 3 -212| and |z2| # 1.
Prove that |z1| = 3.

6. 21,22 are complex numbers such that z1 + 22 and z122 are both real. Prove
that either z1 and z2 are purely real, or z1 = 2 .

7. 21,22 are complex numbers such that i s real. Prove that the points
22
representing z1 and z2 in the complex plane are collinear with the origin.

8. z is a variable complex number such that the ratio is purely imaginary.

z+1
Show that the point z lies on a circle in the complex plane.

9. z is a variable complex number such that an amplitude of i s . Show

2+1
that the point z lies on a circle in the complex plane.

10. z is a variable complex number such that mod = k. Show that the
z+1
point z lies on a circle in the complex plane ifk # l and z lies on a straight
line if k 1 .
11. z is a variable complex number such that |2= 2. Show that the point
z+ lies on an ellipse of eccentricity in the complex plane.

12. Find the complex number z with the least positive argument that satisfies
the condition |z - 5i| < 4.
 PF4q0

numbers Z1, 22 are nat | z1

such that
18. () Two complex
Prove that 21 + 22 = 0. 2
amp z2
differ by T.

21, 22 a r e such that21 r 2 =|

(ii) Two complex numbers differ
and amp z2 by or.
Prove that amp z1

19. Find mod z and amp z (principal amplitude) where

(i) = y3i (ii) z= 1-3

1+i

z 1+itan 6, <6 <T

(iy) z =1+icot 6,
1+cos +i sin 0<e<7
(v 0+i 6
1-cos sin

(vi)
(vi)
1+sin0+i
z =1+sin
2 -i cos
cos .6 0<0 <T

(y) 2 =1+cos 20 +i sin 20, <0<<T

(vfi) z =
1+cos 20 i sin 20, 7 <6<T -

(iy)z 1-cos 6(cos 6 +i sin 0), 0<0<T

(x z = 1 - sin 6(sin 0 + i cos 0),
<0< T.
20. If |z = 1 and amp z = 0 (0 <0< T), find the modulus a
amplitude of

i) (ii) 2 2
1+z 1-z (ii) 1+2 (iv)
21. If cos a+cos+cos = 0 and sin a + sin B+ sin y= 0, prove that

i) cos 3a + cos 33 + cos 37 =

3 cos(a +8+),
(ii) sin 3a + sin 33 + sin 3y = 3 sin(a + B + ) ,
(ii) cosa +cos 3+ cos = sin' a +sin 3+ sin y=
(iv) cos(3+) +cos(y +a) +cos(a +B) =0,
(v) sin(G+) + sin(y +a) + sin(a + B) = 0.
22. If = cos a + i sin a,y = cos 3 + i sin B, z = cos + i sin and
+y+ = ryz, prove that

c o s ( - ) +cos(- a) + cos(a - 3) = -1.

23. If n be an integer, prove that

(1+sin i cos =
cos(- ne) +i sin("- nd).
24. If z = cos 6 +i sin 6 and m is a positive integer, prove that

( 0)m+i =itan mn6 (ii) (1 +z)" + (1+})m =2m cos cos

25. If 2cos 6 = r + and0 is real, prove that
2 cos ne = z" + , n being an integer.
26. If 2 cos 0 = t prove that

1+cos
1+cos
7= ( -
t2 -
2t +1)
Hint. Let r =cos 6+i sin 6. Then t + t and
1tcos
27. If a = c o s + i sin and if p is prime to n, prove that

1+aP + aP + .+a-1)P = 0.
28. If n be a positive integer and (14+2)" =
Po +P12 +p2z+.+Pnz", prove
that

Po-P2+P4 = 2/2 cos ,

P1-p3 +p5 = 2/ sin

(ii) Po+P4+ p8+ = 2"-2 + 2-2)/ cos ,

(iv) Po+p3+P6+ = ( 2 " + cos),

v P1 + P4 +p7 + =
(2+ cos
),
(vi) P2+ps+p8 + =
27- +cos ).
Hint. (iv)-(vi)
Put z w, z w
1, z = =
successively.
SPO+P3 +P6 + ) = 2 +(1 +u)" + (1 +u2)n.
3(P1 +p4+P7+:) = 2" +w(1+w)" +w(1 + w)".
3(p2 +ps + p8 + . ) = 2" + w(1+ w)" +w2(1 +w2)".]
64 HIGHER ALGEBRA

. If a , B are the roots of the equation t - 2t +5 = 0 and n is a Dosit.

sitive
integer, prove that
F a a + 6 = 2n-! sin nó cosec" o, where a is a real number sar
a-B sat-
isfying=cot o.
. If a,3 are the roots of the equation t +2t +4 =0 and m is a positie
e
integer, prove that
a+8T = 2m*l cos 2m
. l t a , B,7,ðare the roots of the e q u a t i o n t + t + l = 0 and n 1s a positive

integer, prove that

(i) a +8dn +2 +8*" 4 cos =

(i) a2n+1 + 82n+1 + 2n+1 + 82n+l = 0.

32. If m be a positive integer and sn be the sum of mth power of the roots of
the equation +z* +1=0, prove that s3m =
6 cos
33. Solve the
equations
()+8=0, (i)+r+#+1 =0,
(ii) +2a +4 = 0, (iv)++1 =0,
(v) +(r - 1)' = 0, (vi) = (r + 1)*,
(vii) + +2 =0, (vii) (r + 1 = (r - 1)°.

34. Show that the solutions of the equation ( 1 + ) + (1 - r)*" = 0 are

= t i tan ,
4n
r==1,2,. ,7h.

35. Show that the solutions of the equation (1+ r)2n+1 - (1- z)2n+1 = 0
TT
are t =
0, t i tan r=1,2,...,n.
36. Show that the solutions of the equation (1+r)" -(1 - r)" = 0 are
r =i t a n , where
0,1,2,. ,n - 1, if n be odd
r
0,1,.. - 1,2 + 1 , . . . , n - 1, if n be even

37. Find all values of

(i) (-1)/4, (i) i*"" (ii) (-i)"", (iv) (-i)3/4

38. ) Show that the product of all the values of (1 + V3i) å is 8.
Show that the product of all the values of (V3 + i) is 8i.
(i) Show that the sum of the squares of all the values of (y3+i)* is 0.

39. In triangle ABC, prove that

a

a cos 3B + 3ab cos(2B A) + 3abs cos(B -

2A) + cos 3A =
c°
where a, b, c, A, B,C have their usual meanings.