Complex Numbers, Quadratic Equations

Summary
Complex Number
1. The complex number system
A number of the form a + bi where a and b are real number and i2 = - 1 is called a complex
number. It is denoted by z i.e. z = a + ib. a is called as real part of z which is denoted by(Re
z) and b is called
imaginary part of z which is denoted by (Im z).
(i) Purely real, if b = 0 (ii) Purely imaginary, if a = 0 (iii) Imaginary, if b ≠ 0.
z = a + ib, then a – ib is called conjugate of z and is denoted by z .
2. Algebraic Operations:
Fundamental operations with complex numbers
1. (a + bi) + (c + di) = a + bi + c + di = (a + c) + (b + d) i
2. (a + bi) - (c + di) = a + bi – c – di = (a – c) + (b – d) i
3. (a + bi) (c + di) = ac + adi + bci + bdi2 = (ac – bd) + (ad + bc) i
a+bi a+bi c-bi ac-adi+bci-bdi 2 ac+bd+ ( bc-ad ) i ac+bd bc-ad
4. = . = = = 2 2+ 2 2i
c+di c+di c-di c 2 -d 2i 2 c 2 +d 2 c +d c +d
3. Equality in Complex Number: z1 = z 2 ⇒ Re ( z1 ) = Re ( z 2 ) and I m ( z1 ) =I m ( z 2 )
4. Representation Of A Complex Number:
(a) Cartesian Form (Geometric Representation) :
Every complex number z = x + iy can be represented by the point P(x, y).
Length OP is called modulus of z and is denoted by z . Angle ∠XOP = θ is called argument
or
amplitude of z.
y
z = x 2 +y 2 & tanθ =
x
(i) If θ is the argument of z, then 2 nπ + θ; n ∈ I is also argument of z. Any two arguments
of a complex number differ by 2nπ.
(ii) The unique value of θ such that – π < θ ≤ π is called the principal value of the argument.
(iii) For the complex number 0+0i the argument is not defined.
(b) Trignometric/Polar Representation :
=z r ( cos θ + i sin θ ) where =
z r ;arg
= ; z r ( cos θ − i sin θ )
z θ=
cos θ + i sin θ is also written as CiS θ or eiθ .
(c) Euler's Representation :
=z reiθ ;= z r ;arg= z θ= ; z re − iθ
5. Properties of modulus
z1 z
(i) z1 z2 = z1 z2 (ii) = 1 (provide z2 ≠ 0 )
z2 z2

96
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

(iii) z1 + z2 ≤ z1 + z2 (iv) z1 − z2 ≥ z1 − z2
(Equality in (iii) and (iv) holds if and only if origin, z1 and z2 are collinear with z1 and z2 on
the same
side of origin).
6. Properties of arguments
(i) arg ( z1 z2 ) = arg ( z1 ) + arg ( z2 ) + 2mπ for some integer m.
(ii) arg ( z1 / z2 ) = arg ( z1 ) − arg ( z2 ) + 2mπ for some integer m.
(iii) arg
= ( z 2 ) 2 arg ( z ) + 2mπ for some integer m.
(iv) arg (=
z) 0 ⇔ z is a positive real number.
(v) arg ( z ) =
±π / 2 ⇔ z is purely imaginary and z ≠ 0
7. Properties of coniugate
(i )
2
z =z (ii) zz = z (iii) z1 + z2 = z1 + z2
z  z
(iv) z1 − z2 = z1 − z2 (v) z1 z2 = z1 z2 (vi)  1  = 1 ( z2 ≠ 0 )
 z2  z2
(vii) z1 + z2 = ( z1 + z2 )( z1 + z2 ) = z1 + z 2 + z1 z2 + z1 z2
2 2 2

(viii) ( z1 ) = z (ix) If w = f(z), then w= f ( z )

(x) arg ( z ) + arg ( z )
8. Rotation theorem
(i) If P ( z1 ) and Q ( z2 ) are two complex numbers such that z1 = z2 , then z2 = z1eiθ where
θ = ∠POQ
(ii) If P ( z1 ) , Q ( z2 ) and R ( z3 ) are three complex numbers and ∠PQR =
θ , then
 z3 − z2   z3 − z2  iθ
 = e
 z1 − z2   z1 − z2 
(iii) If P ( z1 ) , Q ( z2 ) , R ( z3 ) and S ( z4 ) are complex numbers and ∠STQ =
θ , then
z3 − z4 z3 − z4 iθ
= e
z1 − z2 z1 − z2
9. Demoivre's Theorem:
Case I : : If n is any integer then
(i) ( cos θ + i sin θ ) =cos nθ + i sin nθ
n

(ii) ( cos θ1 + i sin θ1 )( cos θ 2 + i sin θ 2 )( cos θ3 + i sin θ 2 )( cos θ3 + i sin θ3 ) .....
. ( cos θ n + i sin θ=
n) cos (θ1 + θ 2 + θ3 + ....θ n ) + i sin (θ1 + θ 2 + θ3 + ..... + θ n )

97
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

 2kπ + pθ   2kπ + pθ 
Case II : If p, q ∈ Z and q ≠ 0 then ( cos θ + i sin θ=
)
p/q
cos   + i sin  
 q   q 
where k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ……, q – 1
10. Cube Roots of Unity :
−1 + i 3 −1 − i 3
(i) The cube roots of unity are 1, ,
2 2
(ii) If ω is one of the imaginary cube roots of unity then 1 + ω + ω2 = 0. In general 1 + ωr +
ω2r = 0;
where r ∈ I but is not the multiple of 3.
(iii) In polar form the cube roots of unity are :
2π 2π 4π 4π
cos 0 + i sin 0;cos + i sin , cos + i sin
3 3 3 3
(iv) The three cube roots of unity when plotted on the argand plane constitute the vertices of
an
equilateral triangle.
(v) The following factorisation should be remembered : (a, b, c ∈ R & ω is the cube root of
unity)
a 3 − b3 = ( a − b )( a − ωb ) ( a − ω 2b ) ; x 2 + x + 1 = ( x − ω ) ( x − ω 2 ) ;
a 3 + b3 = ( a + b )( a + ωb ) ( a + ω 2b ) ; a 2 + ab + b 2 = ( a − bω ) ( a − bω 2 )
a 3 + b3 + c3 − 3abc = ( a + b + c ) − 3abc = ( a + b + c ) ( a + ωb + ω 2 c )( a + ω 2b + ω c )
11. nth Roots of Unity :
If 1, α1 , α 2 , α 3 .....α n −1 are the n, nth root of unity then :
(i) They are in G.P. with common ratio e ( )
i 2π / n

(ii) 1p + α1p + α 2p + ... + α np−1 =

0 if p is not an integral multiple of n
= n if p is an integral multiple of n
(iii) (1 − α1 )(1 − α 2 ) ..... (1 − α n −1 ) =
n &
(1 + α1 )(1 + α 2 ) ..... (1 + α n−1 ) =
0 if n is even and 1 if n is odd.
(iv) 1.α1.α 2 .α 3 ......α=
n −1 1 or − 1 according as n is odd or even.
12. The Sum Of The Following Series Should Be Remembered :
sin ( nθ / 2 )  n +1 
(i) cos θ + cos 2θ + cos 3θ + .... + cos nθ = cos  θ .
sin (θ / 2 )  2 

sin ( nθ / 2 )  n + 1 
(ii) sin θ + sin 2θ + sin 3θ + .... + sin nθ = sin  θ .
sin (θ / 2 )  2 
13. Logarithm Of A Complex Quantity :

98
@aakashallen
Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

1  β
(i) Log e (α =
+ iβ ) Log e (α 2 + β 2 ) + i  2nπ + tan −1  where n ∈ I.
2  α
 π
− 2 nπ + 
(ii) i represents a set of positive real numbers given by e
i  2
,n∈I .
14. Geometrical Properties :
Distance formula : z1 − z2 .
mz2 + nz1 mz − nz1
Section formula : z = (internal division), z = 2 (external division)
m+n m−n
If a, b, c are three real numbers such that az1 + bz2 + cz3 =0; where a + b + c = 0 and a, b, c
are not all simultaneously zero, then the complex numbers z1 , z2 & z3 are collinear.
(1) If the vertices A, B, C of a ∆ represent the complex nos. respectively and a, b, c are the
length of sides then,
z +z +z
(i) Centroid of the ∆ ABC = 1 2 3 ;
3
(ii) Orthocentre of the ∆ ABC =
( a sec A) z1 + ( b sec B ) z2 + ( c sec C ) z3 or z1 tan A + z2 tan B + z3 tan C
a sec A + b sec B + c sec C tan A + tan B + tan C
(iii) Incentre of the ∆ ABC = ( az1 + bz2 + cz3 ) ÷ ( a + b + c )
(iv) Circumcentre of the ∆ ABC = :
( Z1 sin 2 A + Z 2 sin 2 B + Z3 sin 2C ) ÷ ( sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2C ) .
(2) amp ( z ) = θ is a ray emanating from the origin inclined at angle θ to the x-axis.
(3) z − a = z − b is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining a to b.
(4) The equation of a line joining z1 & z2 is given by, z =z1 + t ( z1 − z2 ) where t is a real
parameter.
(5)=z z1 (1 + it ) where t is a real parameter is a line through the point z1 & perpendicular to
the line joining z1 to the origin.
(6) The equation of a line passing through z1 & z2 can be expressed in the determinant form
as
z z 1
z1 z1 1 = 0 . This is also the condition for three complex numbers to be collinear. The
z2 z2 1
above
equation on manipulating, takes the form α z + α z + r =0 where r is real and α is a non zero
complex constant.

99
@aakashallen
Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

NOTE: If we replace z by zeiθ and z by ze − iθ then we get equation of a straight line which.
Passes through the foot of the perpendicular from origin to given straight line and makes an
angle θ with the given straight line.
(7) The equation of circle having centre z0 & radius ρ is :
z0 ρ or zz − z0 z − z0 z − =
z −= ρ 2 0 which is of the form
zz + α z + α z + k =0, k is real. Centre is −α & radius = αα − k .
Circle will be real if αα − k ≥ 0 .
(8) The equation of the circle described on the line segment joining z1 & z2 as diameter is
z − z2 π
arg =± or ( z − z1 )( z − z2 ) + ( z − z2 )( z − z1 ) =0.
z − z1 2
(9) Condition for four given points z1 , z2 , z3 & z4 to be concyclic is the number
z3 − z1 z4 − z2
. should be real. Hence the equation of a circle through 3 non collinear points
z3 − z2 z4 − z1

z1 , z2 & z3 can be taken as

( z − z2 )( z3 − z1 ) is real
( z − z1 )( z3 − z2 )
⇒
( z − z2 )( z3 − z1 ) =
( z − z2 )( z3 − z1 ) .
( z − z1 )( z3 − z2 ) ( z − z1 )( z3 − z2 )
 z − z1 
(10) Arg   = θ represent (i) a line segment if θ = π
 z − z 2 

(ii) Pairs of rays if θ = 0 (iii) a part of circle, if 0 < θ < π.

z1 z1 1
1
(11) Area of triangle formed by the points z1 , z2 & z3 is z2 z2 1
4i
z3 z3 1
(12) If z1 − z1 + z − z2 = K > z1 − z2 then locus of z is an ellipse whose focii are z1 & z2
z − z1
(13) If = k ≠ 1, 0, then z is circle.
z − z2
(14) If z − z1 − z − z2 = K < z1 − z2 then locus of z is a hyperbola, whose foci are z1 & z2

100
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

Quadratic Equations

1. Quadratic Equation : ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0

−b ± b 2 − 4ac
x= , The expression b2 – 4ac: D is called discriminant of quadratic equation.
2a
b c
If α , β are the roots, then ( a ) α + β =− (b) αβ =
a a
A quadratic equation whose roots are α & β , is ( x − α )( x − β ) = 0 i.e.
x 2 − (α + β ) x + (αβ ) =
0
2. Nature of Roots:
Consider the quadratic equation, ax2 + bx + c = 0 having α, β as its roots; D = b2 – 4ac

D=0 D ≠0
Roots are equal α = β = - b/2a Roots are unequal

a, b, c ∈ R & D > 0 a, b, c ∈ R & D < 0

Roots are real Roots are imaginary α = p + iq, β = p
– iq

a, b, c ∈ Q & a, b, c ∈ Q &
D is a perfect square D is not a perfect square
⇒ Roots are rational ⇒ Roots are irrational
↓ i.e. α =
p + q, β =
p− q
a = 1, b, c ∈ I & D is a perfect square
⇒ Roots are integral.
3. Common Roots:
Consider two quadratic equations a1 x 2 + b1 x= + c2 0 .
+ c1 0 & a2 x 2 + b2 x=

101
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

a1 b1 c1
(i) If two quadratic equations have both roots common, then = = .
a2 b2 c2
c1a2 − c2 a1 b1c2 − b2 c1
(ii) If only one root α is common,
= then α =
a1b2 − a2b1 c1a2 − c2 a1
4. Factorisation of Quadratic Expressions:
• If ax2 + bx + c a perfect square of a linear expression, then D = b2 – 4ac = 0.
• If ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c can be resolved into two linear factors, then
a h g
∆ = abc + 2fgh - af2 – bg2 – ch2 = 0 OR h b f =0 .
g f c
D b
5. (a) If a > 0,then least value of ax2 + bx + c is − and occurs at x = −
4a 2a
D b
(b) If a < 0,then greatest value of ax2 + bx + c is − and occurs at x = −
4a 2a
6. Range of Quadratic Expression f (x)= ax + bx +c.
2

Range in restricted domain : Given x ∈ [ x1 , x2 ]

b
(a) If − ∉ [ x1 , x2 ] then, f ( x ) ∈  min { f ( x1 ) , f ( x2 )} , max { f ( x1 ) , f ( x2 )}
2a
b   D  D 
(b) If − ∈ [ x1 , x2 ] then, f ( x ) ∈  min  f ( x1 ) , f ( x2 ) , −  , max  f ( x1 ) , f ( x2 ) , − 
2a   4a   4a  
7. Sign of Quadratic Expressions:
(i) ∀ x ∈ R, y > 0 only if a > 0 & D ≡ b 2 − 4ac < 0
(ii) ∀ x ∈ R, y < 0 only if a < 0 & D ≡ b 2 − 4ac < 0
8. Solution of Quadratic Inequalities:
The values of 'x' satisfying the inequality, ax2 + bx + c > 0 (a ≠ 0) are:
(i) If D > 0, a > 0, then ax2 + bx + c > 0 (a ≠ 0) ⇔ x ∈ (-∞, α) ∪ (β, ∞)
If D > 0, a < 0, then ax2 + bx + c > 0 (a ≠ 0) ⇔ x ∈ (α, β)
(ii) If D = 0, then a > 0 ⇒ x ∈ (-∞, α) ∪ (α, ∞), a < 0 ⇒ x ∈ ϕ
(iii) If D < 0, then a > 0 ⇒ x ∈ R, a < 0 ⇒ x ∈ ϕ
9. Location of Roots:
Let f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a > 0 & a. b. c ∈ R.

(i) Conditions for both the roots of f(x) = 0 to be greater than a specified number ‘ x 0 ’ are b2
– 4ac ≥ 0; f ( x 0 ) > 0& ( −b/2a ) > x 0 .

102
@aakashallen
Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

(ii) Conditions for both the roots of f(x) = 0 to be smaller than a specified number ‘ x 0 ’ are b2
– 4ac ≥ 0; f ( x 0 ) > 0& ( −b/2a ) > x 0 .
(iii) Conditions for both roots of f (x) = 0 to lie on either side of the number ' x 0 ' (in other
words the
number ' x 0 ' lies between the roots of f ( x ) =0, is f ( x 0 ) < 0 .
(iv) Conditions that both roots of f (x) = 0 to be confined between the numbers x1 and x 2 ,
( x1 < x 2 ) are b 2 − 4ac ≥ 0;f ( x1 ) > 0;f ( x 2 ) > 0 & x1 < ( −b/2a ) < x 2 .
(v) Conditions for exactly one root of f(x) = 0 to lie in the interval ( x1 ,x 2 ) i.e.
x1 < x < x 2 is f ( x1 ) .f ( x 2 ) < 0 .

103
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers Quadratic Equations
Practice Questions

6i −3i 1
1. If 4 3i −1 = x + iy , then (1998)
20 3 i

(a) x = 3, y = 3
(b) x = 1, y = 1
(c) x = 0, y = 3
(d) x = 0, y = 0

13
2. The value of sum ∑ (i
n =1
n
+ i n +1 ) , where i= −1 , equals (1998)

(a) i
(b) i – 1
(c) – i
(d) 0

n
 1+ i 
3. The smallest positive integer n for which   = 1 , is (1980)
 1− i 
(a) 8
(b) 16
(c) 12
(d) None of these

4. A complex number z is said to be unimodular, if |z| ≠ 1. If z1 and z2 are complex numbers such
z − 2 z2
that 1 is unimodular and z2 is not unimodular. Then, the point z1 lies on a (2015)
2 − z1 z2
(a) straight line parallel to X-axis
(b) straight line parallel to Y-axis
(c) circle of radius 2
(d) circle of radius 2

1
5. If z is a complex number such that |z| ≥ 2, then the minimum value of z + (2014)
2
(a) is equal to 5/2
(b) lies in the interval (1, 2)
(c) is strictly greater than 5/2
(d) is strictly greater than 3/2 but less than 5/2

104
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

6. Let complex numbers α and 1/ α lies on circles (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = r2 and (x – x0)2 + (y –
y0)2 = 4r2, respectively. If z0 = x0 + iy0 satisfies the equation 2|z0|2 = r2 + 2, then |α| is equal to
(2013)
1
(a)
2
1
(b)
2
1
(c)
7
1
(d)
3

7. Let z be a complex number such that the imaginary part of z is non-zero and a = z2 + z + 1 is
real. Then, a cannot take the value (2012)
(a) –1
1
(b)
3
1
(c)
2
3
(d)
4

8. Let z = x + iy be a complex number where, x and y are integers. Then, the area of the
rectangle whose vertices are the root of the equation zz 3 + zz 3 =
350 , is (2009)
(a) 48
(b) 32
(c) 40
(d) 80

z
9. If |z| = 1 and z ≠±1, then all the values of lie on (2007)
1− z2
(a) a line not passing through the origin
(b) | z |= 2
(c) the X-axis
(d) the Y-axis

105
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

 ω −ωz 
10. If ω= α + i β , where B ≠ 0 and z ≠ 1, satisfies the condition that   is purely real,
 1− z 
then the set of values of z is (2006)
(a) |z| = 1, z ≠ 2
(b) |z| = 1 and z ≠ 1
(c) z = z
(d) None of these

z +1
11. If is purely Imaginary, then z lies on a -
z +i
(a) straight line
(b) circle
(c) Circle with radius 1
(d) circle passing through (1, 1).

12. One vertex of square is 1 – i. Intersection point of diagonal is at origin. Then extremities of
diagonal not passing through given vertex are -
(a) 1 + i
(b) 1 – i
(c) –1 + i
(d) None of these

i 4 n +3 + (−1)8 n −3
13. If ( x − iy=
) + i (3 x + iy ) , n ∈ N then pair (x, y) is -
(−i )12 n −1 − i 2−16 n
(a) (0, –1)
(b) (1, 2)
(c) (0, 1)
(d) (–1, –2)

14. If 1, α1, α2, α3, α4, α5, α6, are seven, 7th root of unity the | (3 − α1 )(3 − α 3 )(3 − α 5 ) | is -
(a) 2186
(b) 1093
(c) 1023
(d) 511

1 1 1
15. If 1, α1, α2,............. αn – 1, are nth root of unity then + + .............. + is -
2 − α1 2 − α 2 2 − α n −1
(n − 2)2n + 1
(a)
2n − 1

106
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

(n − 2)2n − 1
(b)
2n − 1
(n − 2)2n −1 − 1
(c)
2n − 1
(n − 2)2n −1 + 1
(d)
2n − 1

3 + 2i sin θ
16. will be purely real if θ =
1 − 2i sin θ
π
(a) nπ ± ,n∈I
3
(b) nπ , n ∈ I
π
(c) 2nπ ± ,n∈I
3
(d) none of these

π  π
17. Amplitude of sin + i 1 − cos 
5  5
π
(a)
5
2π
(b)
5
π
(c)
10
π
(d)
15

18. If −7 − 24i = a + ib , then find value of a3 + b3 –

(a) 91
(b) 37
(c) –91
(d) none of these

19. If |z| ≤ 2, then maximum & minimum value of |z – 4| are –

(a) 6, 0
(b) 6, –2
(c) 4, 2
(d) 6, 2

20. If z is a complex number such that |3z – 2| = |3z – 4| then locus of z is –

(a) Circle
(b) Straight line

107
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

(c) Point
(d) Ellipse

1
21. z1, z2, z3 are three vertices of an equilateral triangle circumscribing the circle | z |= . If
2
1 3
Z1= + i and z1, z2, z3 are in anticlockwise sense then z2 is-
2 2
(a) 1 + 3i
(b) 1 − 3i
(c) 1
(d) –1

22. If conjugate of (x + iy) (1 – 2i) be 1 + i then x and y are

3 1
(a) ,
5 5
1 7
(b) − , −
5 5
3 −7
(c) ,
5 5
1 7
(d) − ,
5 5

23. Roots of the equation zn = (z + 1)n on the complex plane lie on the line -
(a) 2x + 1 = 0
(b) 2x – 1 = 0
(c) x + 1 = 0
(d) x – 1 = 0

24. Sum of common roots of z2006 + z100 + 1 = 0 and z3 + 2z2 + 2z + 1= 0 is

(a) 0
(b) –1
(c) 1
(d) 2

25. lf ω ≠ 1 is a cube root of unity, then sum of series S = 1 + 2ω + 3ω2 + . . . . + 3nω3n–1 (n ∈ N)

is -
n
(a)
ω −1
(b) 3n(ω 2 − 1)
(c) 0
(d) None of these

26. If x = a + b, y = aω + bω2, z = aω2 + bω, ω is cube root of unity then value of x3 + y3 + z3

108
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

(a) a3 + b3
(b) 3(a3 + b3)
(c) a3 – b3
(d) 3(a3 – b3)

z 2n − 1
27. If z = cos θ + i sin θ, then is equal to-
z 2n + 1
(a) i cot nθ
(b) –i cot nθ
(c) i tan nθ
(d) –i tan nθ

z1
28. If z1, z2 rare two complex numbers such that |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 then is -
z2
(a) zero
(b) purely real
(c) purely imaginary
(d) None of these

29. Equation zz + (2 − 3i ) z + (2 + 3i ) z + 4 =
0 represent a circle of radius –
(a) 3
(b) 13
(c) 2
(d) None of these

30. If z = reiθ then arg (eiz) is -

(a) –r sinθ
(b) r cosθ
(c) e–r sinθ
(d) –r cosθ

31. For a positive integer n, if the quadratic equation,

x ( x + 1) + ( x + 1)( x + 2 ) + .... + ( x + n − 1)( x + n ) =
10 n has two consecutive integral solutions,
then n is equal to (2017)
(a) 12
(b) 9
(c) 10
(d) 11

32. The sum of all real values of x satisfying the equation ( x 2 − 5 x + 5 )

x 2 + 4 x − 60
1 is
= (2016)
(a) 3

109
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

(b) −4
(c) 6
(d) 5

33. Let α and β be the roots of equation x 2 − 6 x − 2 =0 . If a=

n α n − β n , for n ≥ 1 , then the
a10 − 2a8
value of is (2015)
2a9
(a) 6
(b) −6
(c) 3
(d) −3

34. Let α and β be the roots of equation px 2 + qx + r =,

0 p ≠ 0 . If p, q and r are in AP and
1 1
+ 4 , then the value of α − β is
= (2014)
α α
61
(a)
9
2 17
(b)
9
34
(c)
9
2 13
(d)
9

35. Let α and β be the roots of x 2 − 6 x − 2 =0 , with α > β . If a=

n α n − β n for n ≥ 1 , then the
a10 − 2a8
value of is (2011)
2a9
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4

110
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

36. Let p and q be real numbers such that p ≠ 0, p 3 ≠ q and p 3 ≠ −q . If α and β are non-zero
α
complex numbers satisfying α + β =− p and α 3 + β 3 =
q , then a quadratic equation having
β
β
and as its roots is (2010)
α
(a) ( p 3 + q ) x 2 − ( p 3 + 2q ) x + ( p 3 + q ) =
0
(b) ( p 3 + q ) x 2 − ( p 3 − 2q ) x + ( p 3 + q ) =
0

(c) ( p 3 − q ) x 2 − ( 5 p 3 − 2q ) x + ( p 3 − q ) =
0
(d) ( p 3 − q ) x 2 − ( 5 p 3 + 2q ) x + ( p 3 − q ) =
0

α
37. Let α , β be the roots of the equation x 2 − px + r =and
0 , 2 β be the roots of the equation
2
x 2 − qx + r =.
0 Then, the value of r is (2007)
2
(a) ( p − q )( 2q − p )
9
2
(b) ( q − p )( 2 p − q )
9
2
(c) ( q − 2 p )( 2q − p )
9
2
(d) ( 2 p − q )( 2q − p )
9

38. If a, b, c are the sides of a triangle ABC such that x 2 − 2 ( a + b + c ) x + 3λ ( ab + bc + ca ) =0 has

real roots, then (2006)
4
(a) λ <
3
5
(b) λ >
3
 4 5
(c) λ ∈  , 
 3 3
1 5
(d) λ ∈  , 
3 3

39. If one root is square of the other root of the equation x 2 + px + q =,

0 then the relation between
p and q is (2004)

@aakashallen
111
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

(a) p 3 − q ( 3 p − 1) + q 2 =
0
(b) p 3 − q ( 3 p + 1) + q 2 =
0
(c) p 3 + q ( 3 p − 1) + q 2 =
0
(d) p 3 + q ( 3 p + 1) + q 2 =
0

40. The set of all real numbers x for which x 2 − x + 2 + x > 0 is (2002)
(a) ( −∞, − 2 ) ∪ ( 2, ∞ )

(
(b) −∞, − 2 ∪ ) ( 2, ∞ )
(c) ( −∞, − 1) ∪ (1, ∞ )
(d) ( 2, ∞ )
41. The number of solutions of log 4 ( x −=
1) log 2 ( x − 3) is (2001)
(a) 3
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 0

42. For the equation 3 x 2 + px + =

3 0, p > 0 , if one of the root is square of the other, then p is equal
to (2000)
(a) 1/3
(b) 1
(c) 3
(d) 2/3

43. If α and β (α < β ) are the roots of the equation x 2 + bx + c =0 , where c < 0 < b, then
(2000)
(a) 0 < α < β
(b) α < 0 < β < α
(c) α < β < 0
(d) α < 0 < α < β

44. The equation x + 1 − x −=

1 4 x − 1 has (1997)
(a) no solution
(b) one solution

@aakashallen
112
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

(c) two solutions

(d) more than two solutions

3 5
( log 2 x )2 + log 2 x −
45. The equation x 4 4
= 2 has (1989)
(a) atleast one real solution
(b) exactly three real solutions
(c) exactly one irrational solution
(d) complex roots

46. If α and β are the roots of x 2 + px + q =0 and α 4 , β 4 are the roots of x 2 − rx + s =0 , then
the equation x 2 − 4qx + 2q 2 − r =0 has always (1989)
(a) two real roots
(b) two positive roots
(c) two negative roots
(d) one positive and one negative root

2 2
47. The equation x − 1−
= has (1984)
x −1 x −1
(a) no root
(b) one root
(c) two equal roots
(d) infinitely many roots

48. For real x, the function

( x − a )( x − b ) will assume all real values provided (1984)
( x − c)
(a) a>b>c
(b) a<b<c
(c) a>c<b
(d) a≤c≤b

2
49. The number of real solutions of the equation x − 3 x + 2 =0 is (1982)
(a) 4
(b) 1
(c) 3

113
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

(d) 2

50. Both the roots of the equation

( x − b )( x − c ) + ( x − a )( x − c ) + ( x − a )( x − b ) =
0 are always (1980)
(a) positive
(b) negative
(c) real
(d) None of these

51. Let a > 0, b > 0 and c > 0 . Then, both the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c =0 (1979)
(a) are real and negative
(b) have negative real parts
(c) have positive real parts
(d) None of the above

52. If the equations x 2 + 2 x + 3 =0 and ax 2 + bx + c =0 , a, b, c ∈ R have a common root, then

a : b : c is (2013)
(a) 1:2:3
(b) 3:2:1
(c) 1:3:2
(d) 3:1:2

53. A value of b for which the equations x 2 + bx − 1 =0 . x 2 + x + b =0 have one root in common
is (2011)
(a) − 2
(b) −i 3
(c) −i 5
(d) 2

54. Let α , β be the roots of the equation, ( x − a )( x − b ) = c, c ≠ 0 .

Then the roots of the equation ( x − α )( x − β ) + c =0 are (1992)
(a) a, c
(b) b, c
(c) a, b
(d) a + c, b + c

114
@aakashallen
 Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

55. If a ∈ R and the equation −3 ( x − [ x ]) + 2 ( x − [ x ]) + a 2 =

2
0 (where, [x] denotes the greatest
integer ≤ x ) has no integral solution, then all possible values of a lie in the interval (2014)
(a) ( −1, 0 ) ∪ ( 0,1)
(b) (1, 2)
(c) ( −2, − 1)
(d) ( −∞, − 2 ) ∪ ( 2, ∞ )

56. For all ‘x’, x 2 + 2ax + (10 − 3a ) > 0 , then the interval in which ‘a’ lies is (2004)
(a) a < −5
(b) −5 < a < 2
(c) a>5
(d) 2<a<5

57. If b > a, then the equation ( x − a )( x − b ) − 1 =0 has (2000)

(a) both roots in (a, b)
(b) both roots in ( −∞, a )
(c) both roots in ( b, + ∞ )
(d) one root in ( −∞, a ) and the other in ( b, ∞ )

58. If the roots of the equation x 2 − 2ax + a 2 + a − 3 =0 are real and less than 3, then (1999)
(a) a < 2
(b) 2 ≤ a ≤ 3
(c) 3 < a ≤ 4
(d) a > 4

59. Let f(x) be a quadratic expression which is positive for all real values of x. If
g ( x ) = f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) + f '' ( x ) , then for any real x (1990)
(a) g ( x ) < 0
(b) g ( x ) > 0
(c) g ( x ) = 0
(d) g ( x ) ≥ 0

@aakashallen
115
Complex Numbers _ Quadratic Equations

60. The real number k for which the equation, 2 x 3 + 3 x + k =0 has two distinct real roots in
(2013)
(a) lies between 1 and 2
(b) lies between 2 and 3
(c) lies between –1 and 0
(d) does not exist

116
@aakashallen
Complex Numbers, Quadratic Equations

Answers

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (b)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (b)
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (b)
31. (d) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (c) 36. (b) 37. (d) 38. (a) 39. (a) 40. (b)
41. (b) 42. (c) 43. (b) 44. (a) 45. (b) 46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (d) 49. (a) 50. (c)
51. (b) 52. (a) 53. (b) 54. (c) 55. (a) 56. (b) 57. (d) 58. (a) 59. (b) 60. (d)

“Detail solutions are mentioned in the content library”

117
@aakashallen