Determinants

Determinants
Summary
1. Definition:

a1 b1 a b1
We write the expression a1b2 − a2b1 as and 1 is called a determinant of order 2.
a2 b2 a2 b2

2. Expansion of Determinant:
a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2 is called the determinant of order three.
a3 b3 c3

Its value can be found as:

b c b c b c1 b2 c2 a2 b2
D = a1 2 2 − a2 1 1 + a3 1 = a1 − b1 ...... & so.no
b3 c3 b3 c3 b2 c2 b3 c3 a3 b3
In this manner we can expand a determinant in 6 ways using elements of; R1 , R2 , R3 or C1,
C2, C3

3. Minors:

The minor of aij is obtained deleting Ith row & jth column from the determinant. It is denoted
by Mij.

4. Cofactor:
( −1)
i+ j
Cofactor of the element aij is Cij = M ij
D = a11M 11 − a12 M 12 + a13 M 13 = a11C11 + a12C12 + a13C13

5. Transpose of a Determinant:

The transpose of a determinant is a determinant obtained after interchanging the rows &
columns.

a1 b1 c1 a1 a2 a3
T
=D a2 b2 c2 =
⇒D b1 b2 b3
a3 b3 c3 c1 c2 c3

6. Symmetric, Skew-Symmetric, Asymmetric Determinants:

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(i) A determinant is symmetric if it is identical to its transpose. Its ith row is identical to its ith
column i.e. aij = aji for all values of' i' and ‘j’

(ii) A determinant is skew-symmetric if it is identical to its transpose having sign of each

element
inverted i.e. aij = - aij for all values of 'i' and 'j '. A skew-symmetric determinant has all
elements
zero in its principal diagonal.

(iii) A determinant is asymmetric if it is neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric.

7. Properties of Determinants:

(i) D = D'
(ii) If any two rows (or columns) of a determinant be interchanged, then D' = - D.
(iii) If a determinant has all the elements zero in any row or column then D = 0.
(iv) If a determinant has any two rows (or columns) identical, then D = 0.
(v) If all the elements of any row (or column) be multiplied by the same number k, then D'= kD
(vi) If each element of any row (or column) can be expressed as a sum of two terms then the
determinant can be expressed as the sum of two determinants,

a1 b1 c1  a1 + ma2 b1 + mb2 c1 + mc2 

=i.e. D a= b2 c2 and D '  a b2 c2  then D’ =D.
2  2

a3 b3 c3  a3 + na1 b3 + nb1 c3 + nc1 

8. Multiplication Of Two Determinants:

a1 b1 l1 m1 a1l1 + b1l2 a1m1 + b1m2

× =
a2 b2 l2 m2 a2l1 + b2l2 a2 m1 + b2 m2

9. Summation of Determinants

n n n

f (r ) g (r ) h(r ) ∑ ∑ h(r )
f (r ) ∑ g (r )
n =r 1 =r 1 =r 1
=Let ∆ ( r ) a1 a=2 a3 , then ∑ ∆ ( r ) a1 a2 a3
r =1
b1 b2 b3 b1 b2 b3

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10. Integration of a determinant

b b b

f ( x) g ( x) h ( x) ∫ f ( x ) dx ∫ g ( x ) dx ∫ h ( x ) dx
a a a
b
=Let ∆ ( x ) a1 b1 = c1 , then ∫ ∆ ( x ) dx a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2 a
a2 b2 c2

where a1,b1, c1, a2,b2,c2 are constants independent of x.

11. Differentiation of Determinant:

f1 ( x ) f 2 ( x ) f3 ( x )
Let ∆ ( x ) =
g1 ( x ) g 2 ( x ) g3 ( x )
h1 ( x ) h2 ( x ) h3 ( x )

f1' ( x ) f 2' ( x ) f3' ( x ) f1 ( x ) f 2 ( x ) f3 ( x ) f1 ( x ) f 2 ( x ) f3 ( x )

Then ∆ ' ( x ) g1 ( x ) g 2 ( x ) g3 ( x ) + g1' ( x ) g 2' ( x ) g3' ( x ) + g1 ( x ) g 2 ( x ) g3 ( x )
=
h1 ( x ) h2 ( x ) h3 ( x ) h1 ( x ) h2 ( x ) h3 ( x ) h1' ( x ) h2' ( x ) h3' ( x )

12. Cramer's Rule: System of Linear Equations

(i) Two Variables

(a) Consistent Equations: Definite & unique solution. [ intersecting lines]
(b) Inconsistent Equation : No solution. [ Parallel line ]
(c) Dependent equation: Infinite solutions . [ Identical lines]
Let a1 x + b1 =
y + c1 0 & a2 x + b2 y=
+ c2 0 then :
a1 b1 c1
= ≠ ⇒ Given equations are inconsistent
a2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1
= = ⇒ Given equations are dependent
a2 b2 c2
(ii) Three Variables

Let, a1x + b1Y + c1z = d1 ............ (I)

a2x + b2y + c2z = d2 ............ (II)
a3x + b3y + c3z = d3 ............ (Ill)

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D1 D2 D3
Then,
= x = ,Y = ,Z
D D D

a1 b1 c1 d1 b1 c1 a1 d1 c1 a1 b1 d1
Where D a=
= 2 b2 c2 ; D1 d=
2 b2 c2 ; D2 a2 =
d 2 c2 & D3 a2 b2 d2
a3 b3 c3 d3 b3 c3 a3 d3 c3 a3 b3 d3

(iii) Consistency of a system of Equations

(a) If D ≠ 0 and alteast one of D1,D2 D3 ≠0, then the given system of equations are
consistent and have unique non trivial solution.
(b) If D ≠ 0 & D1= D2 =0 then the given system of equations are consistent and have trivial
solution only.
(c) If D= D1 = D2 = D3 =0 then the given system of equations have either infinite solutions
or no solution

(Refer Example & Self Practice Problem with*)

(d) If D = 0 but at least one of D1D2D3 is not zero t hen the equations are inconsistent and
have no solution.
(e) It a given system of linear equations have Only Zero Solution for all its variables then
the given equations are said to have TRIVIAL SOLUTION.

(iv) Three equation In two variables :

If x and y are not zero, then condition for a1x + b1y + c, = 0 ; a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 &
a1 b1 c1
a3x + b3y + c3 = 0 to be consistent in x and y is a2 b2 c2 = 0
a3 c3 c3
13. Application of Determinants:

Following examples of short hand writing large expressions are:

(i) Area of a triangle whose vertices are (xr, Yr); r = 1, 2, 3 is:

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x1 y1 1
1
D = x2 y2 1 If D = 0 then the three points are collinear.
2
x3 y3 1

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 Determinants
Practice Questions
1 1 1
1. Let ω be a complex number such that 2ω + 1 = z, where z= −3 . If 1 −ω 2 − 1 ω 2 =
3k
1 ω 2
ω 7

then k is equal to
(2017)
(a) -z
(b) z
(c) -1
(d) 1

2. The system of linear equations x + λ y − z= 0; λ x − y − z= 0; x + y − λ z= 0 has a non-trivial

solution for (2016)
(a) infinitely many values of 𝜆𝜆
(b) exactly one value of 𝜆𝜆
(c) exactly two values of 𝜆𝜆
(d) exactly three values of 𝜆𝜆

3 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2)
3. If α, β ≠ 0 and f (n) = an + Bn and 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) =K (1 − α ) 2 (1 − β ) 2 (α − β ) 2 ,
1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) 1 + f (4)
then K is equal to
(2014)
(a) αβ
1
(b)
αβ
(c) 1
(d) -1

4. Let P =[aij] be a 3 × 3 matrix and let Q = [bij], where bij =2i + j aij for 1 ≤ i, j ≤ 3 If the determinant
of P is 2, then the determinant of the matrix Q is
(2012)
(a) 2 10

(b) 211
(c) 212
(d) 213

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α 2 
5. If A =   and |A | = 125, then the value of α is
3 (2004)
 2 α 
(a) ±1
(b) ±2
(c) ±3
(d) ±5

sin x cos x cos x

π π
6. The number of distinct real roots of cos x sin x cos x = 0 in the interval − ≤ x ≤ is
4 4
cos x cos x sin x
(2001)
(a) 0
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) 3

1 x x +1
7. If f=
( x) 2x x( x − 1) ( x + 1) x , then f(100) is equal to
3 x( x − 1) x( x − 1)( x − 2) ( x + 1) x( x − 1)
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 100
(d) -100

1 a a2
8. The parameter on which the value of the determinant cos( p − d ) x cos px cos( p + d ) x
sin( p − d ) x sin px sin( p + d ) x
does not depend upon, is
(a) a
(b) p
(c) d
(d) x

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 Determinants

xp + y x y
9. The determinant yp + z y z 0 , if
=
0 xp + y yp + z
(a) x, y, z are in AP
(b) x, y, z are in GP
(c) x, y, z are in HP
(d) xy, yz, zx are in AP

10. Consider the set A of all determinants of order 3 with entries 0 or 1 only. Let B be the subset
of A consisting of all determinants with value 1. Let C be the subset of A consisting of all
determinants with value -1. Then
(a) C is empty
(b) B has as many elements as C
(c) A = B ∪ C
(d) B has twice as many elements as C

11. Which of the following values of α satisfy the equation (2015)

(1 + α ) 2 (1 + 2α ) 2 (1 + 3α ) 2
(2 + α ) 2 (2 + 2α ) 2 (2 + 3α ) 2 =
−648α ?
(3 + α ) 2 (3 + 2α ) 2 (3 + 3α ) 2

(a) -4
(b) 6
(c) -9
(d) 4

a aα + b b
12. The determinant b bα + c is equal to zero, then
c
aα + b bα + c 0
(a) a, b, c are in AP
(b) a, b, c are in GP
(c) a, b, c are in HP
(d) (x + α) is a factor of ax2 + 2bx + c

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13. For positive numbers x, y and z, the numerical value of the determinant
1 log x y log x z
log y x 1 log y z is
log z x log z y 1
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3

14. The value of the determinant is

(1988)
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3

x 3 7
15. Given that x = -9 is a root of 2 x 2 = 0 , the other two roots are …. and ….. (1983)
7 6 x
(a) (1 and 7)
(b) (2 and 6)
(c) (2 and 7)
(d) (3 and 7)

1 4 20
16. The solution set of the equation 1 −2 5 = 0 is ….. (1981)
2
1 2 x 5x
(a) {1,2}
(b) {-1,2}
(c) {1,-2}
(d) {-1,-2}

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Determinants

λ 2 + 3λ λ − 1 λ + 3
17. Let pλ 4 + qλ 3 + r λ 2 + sλ + t= λ +1 −2λ λ − 4 be an identity in λ, where p,q,r,s and t
λ − 3 λ + 4 3λ
are constants. Then, the value of t is………
(1981)
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3

bc ca ab
18. Find the value of the determinant p q r , where a, b and c are respectively the pth,
1 1 1
qth and rth terms of a harmonic progression.
(1997)
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3

19. If , then
(a) a = 0
(b) b = 0
(c) c = 0
(d) d = 189

 6 11
20. Matrix A is given by A =   , than the determinant of (A
2005 – 6.A2004), is -
 2 4 
(a) 2 2006

(b) (-11).22005
(c) -22005
(d) (-9). (2)2004

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21. If 3 digit numbers A28, 3B9 and 62C are divisible by a fixed constant ‘K’ where A, B, C are
A 3 6
integers lying between 0 and 9, then determinant 8 9 C is always divisible by
2 B 2
(a) K
(b) A
(c) ABC
(d) K2

22. lf 0 ≤ [x] < 2; -1 ≤ [y] <1 and 1 ≤ [z] < 3 where [.] denotes the greatest integer function, then
[ x] + 1 [ y ] [ z]
the maximum value of the determinant [ x] [ y + 1] [ z ] is -
[ x] [ y] [ z] + 1
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 8

2bc − a 2 c2 b2
23. If c2 2ac − b 2 a2 0 and a, b, c are different real numbers, then the value
=
b2 a2 2ab − c 2

of
3(a + b + c) + 2 is
(a) 5
(b) 0
(c) 2
(d) 6

24. If the system of equation

λp + q + r = 0
p + λq + r = 0
p + q + λr = 0

has non trivial solution, then the value of λ. can be the roots of quadratic equation, which is
(a) x2 + x – 2 = 0
(b) x2 – x + 2 = 0
(c) x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
(d) x2 – 3x + 2 = 0

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25. If , then range of g’(x) equal to

 1
(a) 0 
 2
 1 1
(b)  − , 
 2 2
(c) (0, ∞)
(d) none of these

r.r ! n
Cr 2r
n
26. If ∆ r = (n + 1)! 2n n 2 + n + 2 , then ∑∆
r =1
r is equal to
1 1 2
(a) 0
n(n + 1)
(b)
2
(c) n 2
n
(d) ∑r
r =2

r n 6 n −1
27. If ∆ r r 2
= 2n 2 4n − 2 , then ∑∆
r =0
r is equal to
r3 3n3 3n 2 − 3n
(a) n2(n + 2)
(b) n(n+2)2
1
(c) n(n3 + 2)
12
(d) none of these

2 2 6
=28. If ∆ n
C1
= n +3
C1 n+6
C1 x , then number of possible relative prime factors of ‘x’, is
n n +3 n +3
C2 C2 C2
(a) 0
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) none of these

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29. If A and B are two 3 x 3 order matrices, then which one of the following is not true
(a) (A+ B) = A’ + B’
(b) (AB)' = A’B’
(c) det (AB) = det (A) det B
(d) A(adj A) = |A|I3.

30. The set of all values of 𝜆𝜆 for which the system of linear equations
x3 λ x1 , 2 x1 − 3 x2 + =
2 x1 − 2 x2 += 2 x3 λ x2 and − x1 + 2 x2 =λ x3 has a non-trivial solution (2015)
(a) is an empty set
(b) is a singleton set
(c) contains two elements
(d) contains more than two elements

31. The number of value of k, for which the system of equation

( k + 1) x + 8 y = 4 y ⇒ kx + ( k + 3) y = 3k − 1 has no solution, is (2013)
(a) infinite
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3

32. The number of values of k for which the system of equation (k + 1) x + 8y = 4k, kx + (k + 3) y
= 3k - 1 has no solution is
(a) 3
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) infinite

33. The system of equations

(pα + q) x + py + qz = 0
(qα + r) x + qy + rz = 0
(pα + q) y + (qα + r) z = 0
has a non trivial solution if

(a) 2p = q + r
2
p q
(b) =  
r  p

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2 1 1
(c) = +
q p r
(d) pα2 + 2qα + r = 0

34. The number of 3 × 3 matrices A whose entries are either 0 or 1 and for which the system
 x  1 
A  y  = 0  has exactly two distinct solutions, is (2010)
 z  0 
(a) 0
(b) 29 – 1
(c) 168
(d) 2

35. Given, 2 x − y + 2 z =2, x − 2 y + z =−4, x + y + λ z =4, then the value of 𝜆𝜆 such that the given
system of equations has no solution, is
(2004)
(a) 3
(b) 1
(c) 0
(d) – 3

36. The number of values of k for which the system of equations ( k + 1) x + 8 y =

4k and
kx + ( k + 3) y = 3k − 1 has infinitely many solutions, is/are (2002)
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) ∞

x2 x3 x4
37. If p is a constant and f ( x) = 2 3 6 if f”(x) = 0 have roots α, β, then
p p2 p3
(a) α and β have opposite sign and equal magnitude at p = 3
(b) At p = 1, f"(x) = 0 represent an identity
(c) At p = 2, product of roots are unity
(d) At p = − 3 product of roots are positive

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 Determinants

ar br cr
∞
38. If ∆ r = a b c . If ∑∆
r =0
r =0 , then which statement is true.
1− a 1− b 1− c
(a) a = b = c,a ∈ R
(b) a = b = c, |a| < 1
(c) a = b = c ≠ 1
(d) a = b ≠ c, |c| < 1

39. If the system of equations x + ay = 0, az + y = 0 and ax + z = 0 has infinite solutions, then the
value of a is
(a) – 1
(b) 1
(c) 0
(d) no real values

40. If the system of equations x – ky – z = 0, kx – y – z = 0, x + y – z = 0 has a non-zero solution,

then possible values of k are
(2000)
(a) -1, 2
(b) 1, 2
(c) 0, 1
(d) -1, 1

16 16 15
C8 C8 C8
14 14 13
41. The value of ∆ = C7 C6 C5 is
12 12 11
C6 C5 C4
(a) 25
(b) 52
(c) 14C8 – 13C5
(d) 2. 13C6 – 14C7

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42. lf a + b + c ≠ 0, then system of equation

(b + c) (y + z) – ax = b – c
(c + a) (z + x) – by = c – a
(a + b) (x + y) – cz = a – b
has
(a) a unique solution
(b) no solution
(c) infinite number of solution
(d) exactly two solution

−1 , x − 3 y + 4 z =
43. Consider the system of equation x − 2 y + 3 z = 1 and − x + y − 2 z =k
Statement I The system of equations has no solution for k ≠ 3 and
1 3 −1
Statement II The determinant −1 −2 k ≠ 0 , for k ≠ 3 [2008]
1 4 1
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is also true; Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is also true; Statement II is not the correct explanation of
Statement I
(c) Statement I is true; Statement II is false.
(d) Statement I is false; Statement II is true.
 2 −3 1  α
44. If the rank of the matrix  3 5 7  is ‘α’, then find the value of ∫ [ x 2 ]dx where [ . ]
 
 5 8 8  0

denote greatest integer function.

(a) 8 − 2 − 1
(b) 9
(c) 12 − 2 − 1
(d) 9 − 2 + 1

sin x 2 cos x 2 tan x

45. If f (sin x) = 1 sin x cos
= x and g ( x) ∫=
f ( x)dx, g ( 2) 0 , then
tan x cos x sin x
(a) g(x) is an odd function
(b) lim f ( x) = 2
x →1

(c) g(2) = 9 + ln 3

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(d) Time period of f(sin x) is π

tan x sin x cos x

46. ∆( x) =2 1 1 , then ∆ '( x) =
0 has
2 3 3
 π
(a) no solution in  0, 
 4
 π
(b) At least two solution in 0, 
 2
π π 
(c) At least one solution in  , 
6 2
π π 
(d) No solution in  , 
6 2

47. Let P denotes the set of all values of λ for which the system of equation
λx1 + x2 + x3 = 1
x1 + λx2 + x3 = 1
x1 + x2 + λx3 = 1
is inconsistent, then
(a) ∑ | λ |= 2
λ∈P
(b) λ is an even prime number
| x+2| 1
(c) lim 2 =
x →λ x − 4 4
(d) Cube roots of λ are 1, ω, ω2

48. If α, β, γ are the roots of the cubic equation ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0, then find the determinant
α β γ
∆ =β γ α
γ α β
b3 − 3abc
(a)
a3
b 2 − 4ac
(b)
a2
(c) 0
b3 − 4abc
(d)
a3

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i 99 0 0
49. Statement-1: −ω 20 i 98
0 = −2 , where ω and i are cube and fourth root of unity
ω 20 2i 97
respectively.
Statement-2: If all the diagonal element of a determinant are zero and aij = - aji, then its value is
always zero
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is the correct explanation of
Statement-1.
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not the correct explanation of
Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.

50. For a system of equation AX = B

Statement-1 : System have unique solution if B is a non singular matrix and matrix A can be
singular.
Statement-2 : Singular matrix have value of its determinant equal to zero
(a) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True ; Statement -2 is a correct explanation for
Statement -1
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(c) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is False
(d) Statement -1 is False, Statement -2 is True

51. The system of equations λx + y + z = 0, –x + λy + z = 0 and –x – y + λz = 0 will have a non-

zero solution, if real values of λ are given by …
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3

1 log x y log x z
52. Statement-1: ∆ log
= = y x 1 log y z 0
log z x log z y 1
log a
Statement-2: log b a = and if any two rows are identical then ∆ = 0
log b
(a) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True ; Statement -2 is a correct explanation for
Statement -1

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Determinants

(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(c) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is False
(d) Statement -1 is False, Statement -2 is True

 a 2 + x 2 ab − cx ac + bx  x c −b 
  
53. statement 1 : if A = 2 2
 ab + xc b + x bc − ax  and B =  −c x a  , then |A| = |B|2.
 ac − bx bc + ax c 2 + x 2   b − a x 
 
Statement 2 : If A° is cofactor matrix of a square matrix A of order n then |A°| = |A|n–1.
(a) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statment-2 is a correct explanation for statement-
1.
(b) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
statement-1.
(c) Statement-1 is true, statement- is false.
(d) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

54. If α, β and γ are the roots of the equation x3 + p, + q = 0 (with p ≠ 0 and q ≠ 0), the value of

the determinant , is
(2000)
(a) p
(b) q
(c) p2 – 2q
(d) none of these

55. If m is a positive integer and Then, the value of

m

∑∆
r =0
r is [1998]

(a) 0
(b) m2 – 1
(c) 2m
(d) 2m sin2 (2m)

56. If x, y, z are in A.P., then the value of the determinant , is

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Determinants

(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) 2a
(d) a

57. The value of the determinant , is

(a) 2
(b) –2
(c) 3
(d) x – 1

58. If α, β, γ are the roots of x3 + ax2 + b = 0, then the value of is

(a) –a3
(b) a3 – 3b
(c) a3
(d) a2 – 3b

a −1 0
59.
= If f ( x) ax a −1 , then f(2x) – f(x) equals
ax 2 ax a
(a) a (2a + 3x)
(b) ax (2x + 3a)
(c) ax (2a + 3x)
(d) x (2a + 3x)

60. If w is a complex cube root of unity

then k equals
(a) 1
(b) –1
(c) ω
(d) –ω

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 Determinants

61. If ω is an imaginary cube root of unity, then the value of is equal to

(a) 0
(b) 2ω
(c) 2ω2
(d) –3ω2

xn x n+2 x n +3
1 1 1
62. If y n y n+2 y n +3 = ( x − y )( y − z )( z − x)  + +  , then n equals
x y z
zn z n+2 z n +3
(a) 1
(b) –1
(c) 2
(d) –2

63. If , then f (100) is equal to

(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 100
(d) -100

64. Given ai2 + bi2 + ci2 = 1, i = 1,2,3 and aiaj + bibj + cicj = 0 (i ≠ j, i, j = 1,2,3), then the value of the

determinant , is
1
(a)
2
(b) 0
(c) 2
(d) 1

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 Determinants

65. If α, β and γ are such that α + β + γ = 0, then is equal to

(a) cos α cos β cos γ
(b) cos α cos β cos γ
(c) 1
(d) none of these

66. The value of the determinant is

(a) independent of α
(b) independent of β
(c) independent of α and β
(d) none of these

67. If , then
(a) ∆ ∈ [1 − 2,1 + 2]
(b) ∆ ∈ [−1,1]
(c) ∆ ∈ [− 2 2]
(d) none of these

16
68. Let , then the value of ∑D
k =1
k

(a) 0
(b) a + b + c
(c) ab + bc + ca
(d) none of these

69. If then ∆ equals

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 Determinants

(a) cos α1 cos α2 cos α3 cos β1 cos β2 cos β3

(b) cos α1 + cos α2 + cos α3 + cos β1 + cos β2 + cos β3
(c) cos (α1 – β1) cos (α2 – β2) cos (α3 – β3)
(d) none of these

70. The determinant is equal to

(a)

(b)

(c)
(d) none of these

p q r
71. If then the value of + + is
x y z
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 4 pqr

72. The number of distinct real roots of in the interval [−π / 4, π / 4] is

(a) 0
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) 3

73. The number of values of k for which the system of equations

has infinitely many solutions, is

(a) 0

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 Determinants

(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) infinite

74. Let {D1, D2, D3, ...., Dn} be the set of all third order determinants that can be made with the
distinct non-zero real numbers all a1, a2, ...., a9, then
n
(a) ∑D
i =1
i =1
n
(b) ∑D
i =1
i =0

(c) Di = D j for all i, j

(d) none of these

75. If A is a square matrix such that |A| = 2, then for any positive integer n, |An| is equal to
(a) 2n
(b) n2
(c) 0
(d) 2n

76. The value of a for which the system of equations

has a non-zero solution, is (1994)

(a) 0
(b) –1
(c) 1
(d) none of these

77. Let , then

(a) D = 0
(b) D ∈ (0, ∞)
(c) D ∈ [2, 4]
(d) D ∈ [2, ∞)

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 Determinants

78. Let
Then, the value of 5a + 4b + 3c + 2d + e is equal to
(a) 0
(b) –16
(c) 16
(d) none of these

79. The value of the determinant * independent of

(a) n
(b) a
(c) x
(d) none of these

80. If , then
(a) ∆1 + ∆ 2 = 0
(b) ∆1 + 2∆ 2 =0
(c) ∆1 =∆ 2
(d) none of these

n
81. If and ∑D
k =1
k = 48 , then n equals

(a) 4
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) none of these

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 Determinants

82. Let be an identity in x, where a, b, c,

d, λ, µ, p are independent of x. Then, the value of λ is
(a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) none of these

83. Let

be an identity in x, where a, b, c, d, e are independent of x. Then the value of e is

(a) 4
(b) 0
(c) 1
(d) none of these

sin θ cosecθ
t t
84. If A = ∫
1
1+ t2
dt and B = ∫
1
t (1 + t 2 )
dt , then the value of the determinant

is

(a) sin θ
(b) cosec θ
(c) 0
(d) 1

k
85. If and ∫I
n =1
n = 72 , then k =

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 Determinants

(a) 8
(b) 9
(c) 6
(d) none of these

86. If x is a positive integer, then

is equal to [2009]
(a) 2x! (x + 1)!
(b) 2x! (x + 1)! (x + 2)!
(c) 2x! (x + 3)!
(d) 2 (x + 1)! (x + 2)! (x + 3)!

87. If , then f(3x) – f(x) =

(a) 3x λ2
(b) 6x λ2
(c) x λ2
(d) none of these

bc ca ab
88. The value of the determinant p q r , where a, b and c are respectively the pth, qth
1 1 1
and rth terms of a H.P., is
(a) 0
(b) abc
(c) pqr
(d) none of these

89. The value of the determinant

, is
(a) sin θ
(b) cos θ
(c) sin θ cos θ
(d) none of these

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 Determinants

90. If a, b, c are distinct, then the value of x satisfying

(1998)

(a) c
(b) a
(c) b
(d) 0

91. If the determinant

, then [1999]
(a) a, b, c are in H.P.
(b) α is a root of 4ax2 + 12bx + 9c = 0 or, a, b, c are in G.P.
(c) a, b, c are in G.P. only
(d) a, b, c are in A.P.

92. If the system of linear equations

have a non-trivial solution, then a, b, c are in

(a) H.P.
(b) G.P.
(c) A.P.
(d) none of these

93. If α is a non-real cube root of –2, then the value of , is

(a) –11
(b) –12
(c) –13
(d) 0

94. The value of the determinant

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 Determinants

, is
(a)cos2 α
(b) sin α
2

(c) sin (α – β)
(d) 0

95. If ω is a non-real cube root of unity and n is not a multiple of 3, then

is equal to (2008)

(a) 0
(b) ω
(c) ω2
(d) 1

96. If ω is a non-real cube root of unity, then

is equal to
(a) –1
(b) 0
(c) –ω2
(d) none of these

97. If

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 Determinants

n
, then the value of ∑∆
r =1
r

(a) n
(b) 2n
(c) –2n
(d) n2

n
98. If , then ∑∆
r =1
r is equal to

(a) 0
(b) n + 3!
(c) a(n!) + b
(d) none of these

99. The value of the determinant

, is
(a) a1 a2 a3 + b1 b2 b3
(b) (a1 a2 a3) + (b1 b2 b3)
(c) a1 a2 b1 b2 + a2 a3 b2 b3 + a3 a1 b3 b1
(d) none of these

100. If a, b, c are complex numbers, then the determinant

, is
(a) is a non-zero real number
(b) purely imaginary
(c) 0
(d) none of these

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Determinants

Answer keys:

1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (b)
21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (c)
31. (d) 32. (b) 33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (b) 36. (b) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (d)
41. (d) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (c) 45. (c) 46. (c) 47. (a) 48. (a) 49. (d) 50. (d)
51. (a) 52. (a) 53. (a) 54. (d) 55. (a) 56. (b) 57. (b) 58. (c) 59. (c) 60. (c)
61. (d) 62. (b) 63. (a) 64. (d) 65. (d) 66. (a) 67. (a) 68. (a) 69. (d) 70. (b)
71. (c) 72. (c) 73. (b) 74. (b) 75. (a) 76. (b) 77. (c) 78. (d) 79. (a) 80. (a)
81. (a) 82. (a) 83. (b) 84. (c) 85. (a) 86. (b) 87. (b) 88. (a) 89. (d) 90. (d)
91. (b) 92. (a) 93. (c) 94. (d) 95. (a) 96. (b) 97. (c) 98. (a) 99. (d) 100. (b)

“Detail solutions are mentioned in the content library”

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