111 Determinant Sheet 1669011756185

Best Approach
Determinant
(Sheet)
By Mathematics Wizard
Manoj Chauhan Sir (IIT Delhi)
No. 1 Faculty on Unacademy,
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Determinant
KEY CONCEPTS
DETERMINANT
a1 b1
1. The symbol a b is called the determinant of order two.
2 2
Its value is given by : D = a1 b2  a2 b1

a1 b1 c1
2. The symbol a 2 b2 c2 is called the determinant of order three .
a3 b3 c3
b2 c2 b1 c1 b1 c1
Its value can be found as : D = a1 b c  a2 b c + a3 b c OR
3 3 3 3 2 2
b2 c2 a2 c2 a2 b2
D = a1  b1 a c + c1 a b ....... and so on .
b 3 c3 3 3 3 3
In this manner we can expand a determinant in 6 ways using elements of ;

R1 , R2 , R3 or C1 , C2 , C3 .
3. Following examples of short hand writing large expressions are :
(i) The lines : a1x + b1y + c1 = 0........ (1)
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0........ (2)
a3x + b3y + c3 = 0........ (3)
a1 b1 c1
are concurrent if , a2 b2 c2 = 0 .
a3 b3 c3
Condition for the consistency of three simultaneous linear equations in 2 variables.
(ii) ax² + 2 hxy + by² + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 represents a pair of straight lines if :
a h g
abc + 2 fgh  af²  bg²  ch² = 0 = h b f
g f c
(iii) Area of a triangle whose vertices are (xr , yr) ; r = 1 , 2 , 3 is :
x1 y1 1
1
D= x2 y2 1 If D = 0 then the three points are collinear .
2
x3 y3 1
x y 1
(iv) Equation of a straight line passsing through (x1 , y1) & (x2 , y2) is x1 y1 1 = 0
x2 y2 1
4. MINORS :
The minor of a given element of a determinant is the determinant of the elements which remain after
deleting the row & the column in which the given element stands . For example, the minor of a1 in (Key
b2 c2 a1 c1
Concept 2) is & the minor of b2 is a c3 .
b3 c3 3
Hence a determinant of order two will have “4 minors” & a determinant of order three will have
“9 minors”.
5. COFACTOR :
If Mij represents the minor of some typical element then the cofactor is defined as :
Cij = (1)i+j . Mij ; Where i & j denotes the row & column in which the particular element lies. Note
that the value of a determinant of order three in terms of ‘Minor’ & ‘Cofactor’ can be written as :
D = a11M11  a12M12 + a13M13 OR D = a11C11 + a12C12 + a13C13 & so on .......
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6. PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS :
P 1 : The value of a determinant remains unaltered , if the rows & columns are inter changed.
a1 b1 c1 a1 a2 a3
a
e.g. if D = 2 b2 c 2  b1 b 2 b 3 = D
a3 b3 c3 c1 c2 c3
D & D are transpose of each other . If D=  D then it is SKEW SYMMETRIC determinant but
D= D  2 D = 0  D = 0  Skew symmetric determinant of third order has the value zero.
P 2: If any two rows (or columns) of a determinant be interchanged , the value of determinant is
changed in sign only. e.g.
a1 b1 c1 a2 b2 c2
Let D = a 2 b 2 c2 & D = a 1 b1 c1 Then D =  D .
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3
P 3: If a determinant has any two rows (or columns) identical , then its value is zero.
a1 b1 c1
e.g. Let D = a 1 b1 c1 then it can be verified that D = 0.
a3 b3 c3
P 4: If all the elements of any row (or column) be multiplied by the same number, then the determinant is
multiplied by that number.
a1 b1 c1 Ka 1 Kb 1 Kc1
e.g. If D = a 2 b 2 c2 and D = a2 b2 c 2 Then D= KD
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3
P5: If each element of any row (or column) can be expressed as a sum of two terms then the determinant
can be expressed as the sum of two determinants . e.g.
a 1  x b 1  y c1  z a1 b1 c1 x y z
a2 b2 c2  a 2 b2 c2  a 2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3
P 6: The value of a determinant is not altered by adding to the elements of any row (or column) the
same multiples of the corresponding elements of any other row
a1 b1 c1
(or column). e.g. Let D = 2
a b2 c2 and
a3 b3 c3
a 1  ma 2 b1 m b 2 c1  mc 2
D = a2 b2 c2 . Then D= D .
a 3 n a 2 b 3 nb 2 c 3  nc 2
Note : that while applying this property ATLEAST ONE ROW (OR COLUMN) must remain
unchanged .
P 7: If by putting x = a the value of a determinant vanishes then (x  a) is a factor of the determinant.
7. MULTIPLICATION OF TWO DETERMINANTS :

a1 b1 l1 m1 a 1 l 1  b1 l 2 a 1 m1  b 1 m 2
(i) x 
a2 b2 l2 m2 a 2 l1  b 2 l 2 a 2 m1  b 2 m 2
Similarly two determinants of order three are multiplied.
a1 b1 c1 A1 B1 C1
(ii) If D = a 2 b2 c2  0 then , D² = A 2 B2 C2 where Ai , Bi , Ci are cofactors
a3 b3 c3 A3 B3 C3
a1 b1 c1 A1 A 2 A3 D 0 0
PROOF : Consider a2 b2 c2 × B1 B2 B3 = 0 D 0
a3 b3 c3 C1 C 2 C3 0 0 D
Note : a1A2 + b1B2 + c1C2 = 0 etc.
A1 A 2 A3 A1 A 2 A3 A1 B1 C1
therefore , D x B1 B2 B3 = D3  B1 B2 B3 = D² OR A 2 B2 C 2 = D²
C1 C 2 C3 C1 C 2 C3 A3 B3 C3
8. SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION (IN TWO VARIABLES) :
(i) Consistent Equations : Definite & unique solution . [ intersecting lines ]
(ii) Inconsistent Equation : No solution . [ Parallel line ]
(iii) Dependent equation : Infinite solutions . [ Identical lines ]
Let a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 & a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 then :
a1 b c
 1  1  Given equations are inconsistent
a2 b2 c2
a1 b c
&  1  1  Given equations are dependent
a2 b2 c2
9. CRAMER'S RULE : [ Simultaneous Equations Involving Three Unknowns ]

Let ,a1x + b1y + c1z = d1 ...(I) ; a2x + b2y + c2z = d2 ...(II) ; a3x + b3y + c3z = d3 ...(III)
D1 D D
Then , x= , Y= 2 , Z= 3 .
D D D
a1 b1 c1 d1 b1 c1 a1 d1 c1 a1 b1 d1
Where D = a2 b2 c2 ; D1 = d 2 b2 c2 ; D2 = a 2 d 2 c2 & D3 = a 2 b2 d2
a3 b3 c3 d3 b3 c3 a3 d3 c3 a3 b3 d3
NOTE :
(a) If D  0 and alteast one of D1 , D2 , D3  0 , then the given system of equations are consistent and
have unique non trivial solution .
(b) If D  0 & D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 , then the given system of equations are consistent and have trivial
solution only .
(c) If D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 , then the given system of equations are consistent and have infinite solutions.
a1x  b1y  c1z  d1 
In case a 2 x  b 2 y  c 2z  d 2  represents these parallel planes then also
a 3x  b3 y  c3z  d3 
D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 but the system is inconsistent.
(d) If D = 0 but atleast one of D1 , D2 , D3 is not zero then the equations are inconsistent and have no
solution .
10. If x , y , z are not all zero , the condition for a1x + b1y + c1z = 0 ; a2x + b2y + c2z = 0 &
a1 b1 c1
a3x + b3y + c3z = 0 to be consistent in x , y , z is that a 2 b 2 c2 = 0.
a3 b3 c3
Remember that if a given system of linear equations have Only Zero Solution for all its variables
then the given equations are said to have TRIVIAL SOLUTION.
SOLVED EXAMPLES
1 2 1
1. The cofactor of element 0 in Determinant 2 3 3 is :
4 0 4
(A) 2 (B) 5 (C) –5 (D) 9
1 1
Sol. F32  (1)3 2    (1)(3)  (2)(1) = – [3 + 2] = –5
2 3
a b a  b
2. b c b  c  0 , then a, b, c are in :
a  b b   c 0
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these
a b 0
Sol. By the operation C3  (C1  C 2 ) , we get b c 0 0
2
a  b b  c (a  2b  c)
 – (a2 + 2b + c) (ac – b2) = 0  b2 = ac  a, b, c are in G.P.
32  k 4 2 32  3  k
3. If 42  k 52 42  4  k  0 , then the value of k is :
52  k 62 52  5  k
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) – 1 (D) 0
Sol. Breaking the given determinant into two determinants, we get
32  k 4 2 32  k 32  k 42 3
42  k 52 4 2  k  42  k 52 4 0
52  k 62 52  k 52  k 6 2 5
9  k 16 3
 0  7 9 1 0 [Applying R3  R3 – R2 and R2  R2 – R1 in second det.]
9 11 1
9  k 16 3
 7 9 1 0 [Applying R3  R3 – R2]
2 2 0
9k 7k 3
 7 2 1 0 [Applying C2  C2 – C1]
2 0 0
 2(7 – k – 6) = 0
 k=1
a  b  nc (n  1)a (n  1)b
4. Determinant (n  1)c b  c  na (n  1)b is equal to :
(n  1)c (n  1)a c  a  nb
(A) (a + b + c)3 (B) n(a + b + c)3
(C) (n – 1) (a + b + c)3 (D) None of these
Sol. Applying C1 + (C2 + C3) and taking
n(a + b + c) common from C1, we get
1 (n  1)a (n  1)b
  n(a  b  c) 1 b  c  na (n  1)b
1 (n  1)a c  a  nb
1 (n  1)a (n  1)b
 n(a  b  c) 0 a  b  c 0
[By R2  R2 – R1, R3  R3 – R1]
0 0 abc
= n(a + b + c)3
x x x
C1 C2 C3
y y y
5. C1 C2 C3 is equal to :
z z z
C1 C2 C3
xyz
(A) xyz (x – y) (y – z) (z – x) (B) (x  y)(y  z)(z  x)
6
xyz
(C) (x  y)(y  z)(z  x) (D) None of these
12
x(x  1) x(x  1)(x  2)

x
2 6 1 x  1 (x  1)(x  2)
y(y  1) y(y  1)(y  2) xyz 1 y  1 (y  1)(y  2)
Sol. Det. = y 
2 6 12 1 z  1 (z  1)(z  2)
z(z  1) z(z  1)(z  2)
z
2 6
1 1
[ Taken x, y, z comman from 1st , 2nd, 3rd row and , from 2nd, 3rd column respectively]
2 6
1 x x2
xyz
 1 y y2
12 (by C2  C2 + C1,C3  C3 + C1 + 3C2 )
1 z z2
xyz
 (x  y)(y  z)(z  x)
12
1  sin 2  cos 2  4sin 4

 2 2
6. If 0    and sin  1  cos  4sin 4  0 then  is equal to
2 2 2
sin  cos  1  4sin 4
 5 5 7  7  11
(A) , (B) , (C) , (D) None of these
24 24 24 24 24 24
Sol. Applying R2  R2 – R1 and R3  R3 – R1 we get
1  sin 2  cos 2  4sin 4

1 1 0 0
1 0 1
 2 + 4sin 4 = 0
1
 sin 4 = 
2
 
 4  n  (1) n   
 6
n  
   (1) n   
4  24 
7  11
  ,
24 24
7. The value of the determinant (when n N)

n! (n  1)! (n  2)!
D  (n  1)! (n  2)! (n  3)! 
(n  2)! (n  3)! (n  4)!
(A) (n!)3 (2n3 + 8n2 + 10n + 4) (B) (n!)3 (2n2 + 8n + 10)
(C) (n!)2 (2n3 + 8n2 + 10n + 4) (D) None of these
1 n 1 (n  2)(n  1)
n 1 (n  2)(n  1) (n  3)(n  2)(n  1)
Sol. Here D = (n!)3
(n  2)(n  1) (n  3)(n  2)(n  1) (n  4)(n  3)(n  2)(n  1)
1 1 1
(n  1) (n  2) (n  3)
= (n!)3 (n + 1)2 (n + 2)
(n  2)(n  1) (n  3)(n  2) (n  4)(n  3)
Operating C2 – C1 , C3 – C2 and expanding
= (n!)3 (n + 1)2 (n + 2) . 2
= (n!)3 (2n3 + 8n2 + 10n + 4) as on simplification.
Note : The answer may be verified by taking n = 1.
x b b
x b
8. If 1  a x b and  2  then
a x
a a x
d d
(A) 1  3 22 (B) ( 1 )  3 22 (C) ( 1 )  3 2 (D) None of these
dx dx
d
R1 (R 1 ) R1
dx R1
Sol. Since we know that if   f (x)  R 2 , then d ()  R 2  d (R 2 )  R 2
dx dx
R3 R3 d
R3 (R 3 )
dx
d d d
(x) (b) (b) x b b
dx dx dx x b b
 d d d d
(1 )  a x b  (a) (x) (b)  a x b
dx dx dx dx
a a x d d d
a a x (a) (a) (x)
dx dx dx
1 0 0 x b b x b b
a x b  0 1 0  a x b
a a x a a x 0 0 1
x b x b x b
  
a x a x a x
x b
3
a x
9. If the system of equations x + 4ay + az = 0, x + 3by + bz = 0, x + 2cy + cz = 0 has a non-zero solution,

then a, b, c are in
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these
Sol. For a non-zero solution, we must have  = 0
1 4a a
 1 3b b  0
1 2c c
2ac
bc – 2ac + ab = 0  b  a , b , c are in H.P.]
ac
r 1 n 6
n
2 2
10. If  r  (r  1) 2n 4n  2 , then 
r 1
r equals
(r  1)3 3n 2
3n 2  3n
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) None of these
n
n(n  1)
Sol.   (r  1)  1  2  .....  (n  1)
r 1
=
2
n
2 n(n  1)(2n  1)
 (r  1) 12  2 2  .....  (n  1) 2 =
r 1 6
n 2 2
 (r  1) 3
13  23  .....  (n  1) 3 = n (n  1)
r 1 4
n(n  1)
n 6
2 6 n 6
n
1 n(n  1)
  r  n(n  1)(2n  1) 2n 2 2(2n  1)  2(2n  1) 2n 2 2(2n  1)  0
 6 12
r 1
3n(n  1) 3n 3 3n(n  1)
1 2
n (n  1)2 3n 3 3n(n  1)
4
11. Solve the following system of equations by using deteminants :

x+ y+ z = 1
ax + by + cz = k
a2x + b2y +c2z = k2
Sol. Here ,
1 1 1 1 0 0
D a b c  a ba ca  Applying C 2  C 2  C1 
and C and C  C  C 
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2  a 2 c2  a 2  1 3 3 1
Taking (b – a ) and (c – a) common from C2 and C3 respectively , we get

a 0 0
D  (b a)(c a) a 1 1
a2 ba ca
1 1
 (b  a)(c a) [ Expanding along R1]
ba ca
= (b – c)(c – a)(c + a – b – a)
= (b – c)(c – a) (a – b) ........(i)
Now,
1 1 1
D1  k b c
= (b – c)(c – k) (k – b) [Replacing a by k in (i)]
k2 b2 c2
1 1 1
D2  a k c
= (k – c)(c – a) (a – k) [Replacing b by k in (i)]
a2 k2 c2
1 1 1
and, D3  a b k = (a – b)(b – k) (k – a) [Replacing c by k in (i)]
2 2
a b k2
D1 D D
 x , y  2 and z  3
D D D
(b  c)(c k)(k  b) (k  c)(c a)(a  k) (a  b)(b  k)(k  a)

 x ,y and z 
(b  c)(c a)(a  b) (b c)(c a)(a  b) (a  b)(b  c)(c a)
(c k)(k  b) (k  c)(a  k) (b  k)(k  a)

 x , y and z 
(c a)(a  b) (b  c)(a  b) (b  c)(c a)
12. For what values of a and b, the following system of equation is consistent ?
x+y+z = 6
2x + 5y + az = b
x + 2y + 3z = 14
sol. The given system of equations is consistent, if D  0 or if D = 0, then D1 = D2 = D3= 0
We have,
1 1 1
D  2 5 a  15  2a  6  a  4  5  8  a
1 2 3
6 1 1
D1  b 5 a  6(15  2a)  (3 b  14 a)  (2 b  70)  2a  b  20
14 2 3
1 6 1
D2  2 b a  8a  2b  8
1 14 3
1 1 6
D3  2 5 b  36  b
1 2 14
Now,
D0  a 8
For a = 8, we have,
D1  36  b, D2  26  72 and D3  36  b
Clearly, D1  D 2  D3  0 for b = 36
Thus, the given system is consistent if a  8 and b  R or if a = 8 and b = 36.
13. Consider the system of linear equations in x, y, z
(sin 3) x  y  z  0
(cos 2) x  4 y  3 z  0
2x  7y  7z  0
Find the values of  for which this system has non-trivial soloutions.
Sol. The given system of equations will have non-trivial solutions, if
sin 3 1 1
D  cos 2 4 3  0
2 7 7
 (28  21) sin 3  ( 7  7) cos 2  2( 3  4)  0
 7 sin 3  14 cos 2  14  0  sin 3  2 cos 2  2  0
 3 2
3sin   4 sin   2  4 sin   2  0  4 sin 3   4 sin 2   3sin   0
2
 sin (4sin   4sin   3)  0  sin (2 sin   1)(2 sin   3)  0
1
 sin (2 sin   1)  0 [ 2 sin   3  0]  sin   0, or sin  
2
 
  n  or   n   (1) n , where n  Z
6
14. Let  and be real. Find the set of all values of for which the system of linear equations
 x  (sin )y  (cos  ) z  0
x  (cos  ) y  (sin  ) z  0
 x  (sin  )y  (cos  )z  0
has a non-trivial solution. For = 1, final all values of 
Sol. The given system of linear equations will have a non-trivial solution, if
 sin  cos 
D  1 cos  sin   0
1 sin   cos 
cos  sin  sin  cos  sin  cos 

    0
sin   cos  sin   cos  cos  sin 
   2sin  cos   (sin 2   cos 2 )  0    2 sin  cos   cos 2   sin 2 
   sin 2  cos 2
When = 1, we have
sin 2  cos 2  1
  1   
 sin   2    sin   2   sin
4  2 4  4
   
  2  n  ( 1) n   2  2m  if n = 2 m, m Z
4 4 4 4
 
and,  2  (2 m  1)   if n  2m  1, m  Z
4 4
  
   m,   (2 m  1)     m,   m  , m  Z.
2 4 4
PROFICIENCY TEST-01
1 a a2
1. 1 b b2 
1 c c2
1 5 
2. log e e 5 5 
log10 10 5 e
19 17 15
3. 9 8 7 
1 1 1
4 6 1
4. The value of the determinant 1 1 1 is :
4 11 1
31 37 92
5. The value of the determinant 31 58 71 is :
31 105 24
ab bc ca

6. x  y yz zx 
pq qr r p
1 a a 2  bc
7. 1 b b 2  ac 
1 c c 2  ab
1 1 1
8. 1 1 x 1
1 1 1 y
1 4 20
9. The roots of the equation 1 2 5 = 0 are
1 2x 5x 2
0 x a x b
10. If a  b  c, the value of x which satisfies the equation x  a 0 x  c = 0, is
x b x c 0
ax c b
11. If a + b + c = 0, then the solution of the equation c bx a = 0 is :
b a cx
x 1 3 5
12. If 2 x2 5 = 0, then x =
2 3 x4
1 a b
13. a 1 c 
 b c 1
1 1 1
14. a b c 
3 3
a b c3
0 a b
15. a 0 c 
b c 0
PROFICIENCY TEST-02
a b c
1. b c a 
c a b
a  b a  2b a  3b
2. a  2b a  3b a  4b 
a  4b a  5b a  6b
bc a a
3. b ca b 
c c ab
1 x 1 1
4. The roots of the equation 1 1  x 1  0 are
1 1 1 x
x a b c
5. One of the roots of the given equation b xc a  0 is :
c a xb
x 1 x2 x4
6. x 3 x5 x 8 
x  7 x  10 x  14
1/ a a 2 bc
7. 1/ b b 2 ca 
1/ c c2 ab
b2  c 2 a2 a2
8. b2 c2  a 2 b2 
2 2 2 2
c c a b
1 x 1 1
9. 1 1 y 1 
1 1 1 z
yz x y
10. If z  x z x = k(x + y + z)(x – z)2, then k =
xy y z
x 3 7
11. If – 9 is a root of the equation 2 x 2  0 then the other two roots are :
7 6 x
12. If a, b, c are unequal what is the condition that the value of the following determinant is zero  =
a a2 a3 1
b b2 b3  1 .
c c2 c3  1
1 a bc
13. The value of the determinant 1 b c  a is :
1 c ab
b 2c2 bc b  c
2 2
14. If a, b and c are non zero numbers, then  = c a ca c  a is equal to :
a 2 b2 ab a  b
1 k 3
15. If 3 k 2  0 , then the value of k is :
2 3 1
PROFICIENCY TEST-03
a b c ka kb kc
1. If  = x y z , then kx ky kz =
p q r kp kq kr
x2  x x 1 x  2
2
2. If 2x  3x  1 3x 3x  3 = Ax – 12, then the value of A is :
2
x  2x  3 2x  1 2x  1
3  x 6 3
3. A root of the equation 6 3  x 3 = 0 is :
3 3 6  x
sin 2 x cos 2 x 1
4. cos 2 x sin 2 x 1 
10 12 2
p 15 8
2
5. If Dp = p 35 0 , then D1 + D2 + D3 + D4 + D5 =
p3 25 10
2
4 1 3 2 x 3
6. If   , then x =
2 1 1 x 2 1
x2 x3 xa

7. If a, b, c are in A.P., then the value of x  4 x  5 x  b is :
x6 x7 xc
x y z x 2y z
8. If  = p q r , then 2p 4q 2r equals
a b c a 2b c
a b c 6a 2b 2c
9. If m n p = k, then 3m n p 
x y z 3x y z
a1 b1 c1 b 2 c3  b 3 c 2 c 2 a 3  c 3 a 2 a 2 b 3  a 3b 2
10. If a 2 b2 c2 = 5 ; then the value of b3c1  b1c3 c3a1  c1a 3 a 3b1  a1b3 is :
a3 b3 c3 b1c2  b2c1 c1a 2  c2a1 a1b 2  a 2b1
(b  c) 2 a2 a2
2
11. If b (c  a) 2 b2 = kabc(a + b + c)3, then the vlaue of k is :
c2 c2 (a  b) 2
1 cos C cos B
12. If A, B, C be the angles of a triangle, then cos C 1 cos A 
cos B cos A 1
(a x  a  x ) 2 (a x  a  x ) 2 1
13. (b x  b  x ) 2 (b x  b  x ) 2 1 
(c x  c x ) 2 (c x  c x ) 2 1
1 cos(  ) cos 
14. The value of the determinant cos(  ) 1 cos  is :
cos  cos  1
yz xz xy

15. If y  z z  x y  x = kxyz, then the value of k is :
zy zx xy
EXERCISE–I
2
7 5  3i  4i
3
1. (a) Prove that the value of the determinant 5  3i 8 4  5i is real.
2
 4i 4  5i 9
3
(b) On which one of the parameter out of a, p, d or x, the value of the determinant
1 a a2
cos(p  d ) x cos px cos(p  d ) x does not depend.
sin (p  d ) x sin px sin (p  d ) x
2. Without expanding as far as possible, prove that
a 2  2a 2a  1 1 1 1 1
(a) 2a  1 a  2 1 = (a  1)3 (b) x y z = [(xy) (yz) (zx) (x+y+z)]
3 3 1 x3 y3 z3
x3 1 x2 x
3. If y3  1 y 2 y = 0 and x , y , z are all different then , prove that xyz =  1.
z3  1 z 2 z
18 40 89
4. Using properties of determinants or otherwise evaluate 40 89 198 .
89 198 440
a bc 2a 2a
5. Prove that 2b bca 2b = (a + b + c)3 .
2c 2c ca b
a b c bc ca a b
6. If D = c a b and D = a  b b  c c  a then prove that D= 2 D.
b c a ca a b bc
1  a 2  b2 2ab  2b
7. Prove that 2ab 1  a 2  b2 2a = (1 + a² + b²)3.
2 2
2b  2a 1 a  b
a bc cb
8. Prove that a  c b c  a = (a + b + c) (a² + b² + c²).
a b ba c
tan(AP) tan(BP) tan(CP )

9. Show that the value of the determinant tan(AQ) tan(BQ) tan(CQ) vanishes for all values of
tan( AR ) tan(BR ) tan(CR )
A, B, C, P, Q & R where A + B + C + P + Q + R = 0
      4       2 1
10. Prove that       4       2 1 =  64(  )(  )(  )(  ) (  ) ( )
      4       2 1
n! (n  1)! (n  2)!  D 
11. For a fixed positive integer n, if D= ( n  1)! ( n  2)! (n  3)! then show that  3  4 is divisible
(n  2)! (n  3)! (n  4)!  (n !) 
by n.
12. Solve for x
x  2 2 x  3 3x  4 x  2 2 x  3 3x  4
(a) 2 x  3 3x  4 4 x  5 = 0. (b) x  4 2 x  9 3x  16 = 0.
3x  5 5x  8 10 x  17 x  8 2x  27 3x  64
ax c b
13. If a + b + c = 0 , solve for x : c bx a = 0.
b a cx
14. If a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 then show that the value of the determinant
a 2  (b 2  c 2 ) cos  ba (1  cos ) ca (1  cos )
ab(1  cos ) b  (c 2  a 2 ) cos 
2
cb(1  cos ) simplifies to cos2.
ac(1  cos ) bc(1  cos ) c 2  (a 2  b 2 ) cos 
pa qb rc a b c
15. If p + q + r = 0 , prove that qc ra pb = pqr c a b .
rb pc qa b c a
a a3 a4 1
16. If a , b , c are all different & b b 3 b 4  1 = 0, then prove that, abc(ab + bc + ca) = a + b + c.
c c3 c4  1
a2   ab ac
2
17. Show that, ab b  bc is divisible by 2 and find the other factor..
2
ac bc c 
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
18. Prove that : (a  1) 2 ( b  1) 2 2
(c  1)  4 a b c .
(a  1) 2 ( b  1) 2 ( c  1) 2 1 1 1
cot A2 cot B2 cot C2

19. In a  ABC, determine condition under which tan B2  tan C2 tan C2  tan A2 tan A2  tan B2 = 0
1 1 1
(a  p ) 2 (a  q) 2 (a  r ) 2 (1  ap) 2 (1  aq) 2 (1  ar ) 2
20. Prove that : ( b  p) 2 ( b  q) 2 ( b  r ) 2  (1  bp) 2 (1  bq) 2 (1  br ) 2
( c  p) 2 (c  q ) 2 ( c  r) 2 (1  cp ) 2 (1  cq) 2 (1  cr ) 2
(a1  b1 ) 2 (a 1  b 2 ) 2 (a 1  b 3 ) 2
2
21. Prove that (a 2  b1 ) (a 2  b 2 ) 2 (a 2  b3 ) 2 = 2(a1 a2)(a2 a3)(a3 a1)(b1 b2)(b2 b3)(b3 b1)
(a 3  b1 ) 2 (a 3  b 2 ) 2 (a 3  b 3 ) 2
2        
22. Prove that        2(  ) (  )  (  )  (  ) = 0.
    (   )  (  ) 2
23. If ax1² + by1² + cz12 = ax22 + by22 + cz22 = ax32 + by32 + cz32 = d
and ax2x3 + by2y3 + cz2z3 = ax3x1 + by3y1 + cz3z1 = ax1x2 + by1y2 + cz1z2 = f,
x1 y1 z1 1/ 2
 d  2f 
then prove that x 2 y2 z 2 = (d  f)   (a , b , c  0)
x3 y3 z3  abc 
S0 S1 S2
24. If Sr = r + r + r then show that S1 S2 S3 = (  )2 ( )2 (  )2 .
S 2 S3 S4
25. If u = ax2 + 2 bxy + cy2 , u = ax2 + 2 bxy + cy2. Prove that
y2  xy x2 1
ax  by bx  cy u u .
a b c   
a b c a x  by b x  cy y ax  by a x  by
EXERCISE–II
1. Solve the following using Cramer’s rule and state whether consistent or not.
x  yz6  0 x  2y  z  1 7 x  7 y  5z  3
(a) 2x  y  z  1  0 (b) 3x  y  z  6 (c) 3x  y  5z  7
x  y  2z  3  0 x  2y  0 2 x  3y  5z  5
2. For what value of K do the following system of equations possess a non trivial (i.e. not all zero)
solution over the set of rationals Q ?
x + K y + 3 z = 0 , 3 x + K y  2 z = 0 , 2 x + 3 y  4 z = 0.
For that value of K , find all the solutions of the system.
3. The system of equations
x + y + z =  – 1
x + y + z =  – 1
x + y + z =  – 1
has no solution. Find .
4. If the equations a(y + z) = x, b(z + x) = y, c(x + y) = z have nontrivial solutions, then find the value of
1 1 1
  .
1 a 1 b 1 c
5. Given x = cy + bz ; y = az + cx ; z = bx + ay where x , y , z are not all zero , prove that
a² + b² + c² + 2 abc = 1.
x y z
6. Given a = ;b= ;c= where x, y, z are not all zero, prove that: 1 + ab + bc + ca = 0.
yz zx xy
7. If sin q  cos q and x, y, z satisfy the equations

x cos p – y sin p + z = cos q + 1
x sin p + y cos p + z = 1 – sin q
x cos(p + q) – y sin (p + q) + z = 2
then find the value of x2 + y2 + z2.
8. Investigate for what values of ,  the simultaneous equations x + y + z = 6;
x + 2 y + 3 z = 10 & x + 2 y +  z =  have;
(a) A unique solution. (b) An infinite number of solutions. (c) No solution.
9. For what values of p , the equations : x + y + z = 1; x + 2 y + 4 z = p &
x + 4y + 10z = p2 have a solution? Solve them completely in each case.
10. Solve the equations : K x + 2 y  2 z = 1, 4 x + 2 K y  z = 2, 6 x + 6 y + K z = 3
considering specially the case when K = 2.
11. Let a, b, c, d are distinct numbers to be chosen from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. If the least possible positive
p
solution for x to the system of equations ax  by  1  can be expressed in the form where p and q
cx  dy  2 q
are relatively prime, then find the value of (p + q).
ap a p
12. If bc + qr = ca + rp = ab + pq =  1 show that bq b q = 0.
cr c r
13. If the following system of equations (a  t)x + by + cz = 0 , bx + (c  t)y + az = 0 and
cx + ay + (b  t)z = 0 has nontrivial solutions for different values of t , then show that we can express
product of these values of t in the form of determinant.
14. Show that the system of equations
3x – y + 4z = 3, x + 2y – 3z = –2 and 6x + 5y + z = – 3
has atleast one solution for any real number . Find the set of solutions of  = –5.
z  ay  a 2 x  a 3  0 

15. Solve the system of equations ; z  by  b2 x  b3  0
z  cy  c 2 x  c3  0 
EXERCISE–III
1. (a) If f(x) = then f(100) is equal to :

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 100 (D) –100
(b) Let a, b, c, d be real numbers on G.P. If u, v, w satisfy the system of equations,

u + 2v + 3w = 6
4u + 5v + 6w = 12
6u + 9v = 4
then show that the roots of the equation,
 1 1 1  x2 + [(b – c)2 + (c – a)2 + (d – b)2] x + u + v + w = 0

   
u v w
and 20x2 + 10 (a – d)2 x – 9 = 0
are reciprocals of each other. [JEE 1999]
2. If the system of equations x – Ky – z = 0, Kx – y – z = 0 and x + y – z = 0 has a non zero solution, then

the possible values of K are
(A) –1, 2 (B) 1, 2 (C) 0, 1 (D) –1, 1
[JEE 2000]
sin  cos  sin 2

3. Prove that for all values of , sin 
  23   
cos   23 
sin 2  43  =0 [JEE 2000 ]

sin   23  cos   23  sin 2  43 
4. Find the real values of r for which the following system of linear equations has a non-trivial solution. Also
find the non-trivial solutions : [REE 2000 ]
2 rx  2y+ 3z = 0
x + ry+ 2z = 0
2x + rz = 0
a2 a 1
5. Solve for x the equation sin(n  1)x sin nx sin(n  1)x = 0 [REE 2001]
cos( n  1)x cos nx cos( n  1)x
6. Test the consistency and solve them when consistent, the following system of equations for all values of 
x+ y+ z = 1
x + 3y – 2z = 
3x + ( + 2)y – 3z = 2 + 1 [REE 2001]
7. Let a, b, c be real numbers with a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 . Show that the equation
ax  by  c bx  ay cx  a
bx  ay ax  by  c cy  b
= 0
cx  a cy  b  ax  by  c
represents a straight line. [JEE 2001]
8. If a > 0 and discriminant of ax2 + 2bx + c is –ve, then [AIEEE 2002]
a b ax  b
b c bx  c is equal to :
ax  b bx  c 0
(A) +ve (B) (ac – b2)(ax2 + 2bx + c)
(C) –ve (D) 0
9. The number of values of k for which the system of equations [JEE 2002]
(k + 1)x + 8y = 4k
kx + (k + 3)y = 3k – 1
has infinitely many solutions is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) inifinite
10. If the system of linear equations [AIEEE 2003]

x + 2ay + az = 0; x + 3by + bz = 0; x + 4cy + cz = 0; has a non-zero solution, then a, b, c.
(A) Satisfy a + 2b + 3c = 0 (B) Are in A.P.
(C) Are in G.P. (D) Are in H.P.
11. If a1, a2, a3,.....,an..... are in G.P., then the value of the determinant [AIEEE 2004]
log a n log a n 1 log a n 2

log a n3 log a n 4 log a n 5 , is
log a n 6 log a n7 log a n 8
(A) –2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 0
12. The value of for which the system of equations 2x – y – z = 12, x – 2y + z = –4, x + y + z = 4 has no
solution is [JEE 2004]
(A) 3 (B) –3 (C) 2 (D) –2
13. The system of equations [AIEEE 2005]

x + y + z =  – 1
x + y + z =  – 1
x + y + z =  – 1
has infinite solutions, if  is
(A) –2 (B) Either –2 or 1 (C) not –2 (D) 1
1  a 2 x (1  b 2 )x (1  c 2 )x
2 2 2
14. If a2 + b2 + c2 = –2 and f(x) = (1  a )x 1  b x (1  c )x , [AIEEE 2005]
(1  a 2 )x (1  b 2 )x 1  c2 x
then f(x) is a polynomial of degree

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 3 (D) 2
1 1 1
15. If D = 1 1  x 1 for x  0, y  0, then D is [AIEEE 2007]
1 1 1 y
(A) Divisible by x but not y (B) Divisible by y but not x
(C) Divisible by neither x nor y (D) Divisible by both x and y
16. Let a, b, c be any real numbers. Suppose that there are real numbers x, y, z not all zero such that
x = cy + bz, y = az + cx, and z = bx + ay. Then a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc is equal to [AIEEE 2008]
(A) 2 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) 1
17.(a) Consider three points P =  sin(  ),  cos   , Q = cos(  ), sin  and
R = cos(    ), sin(  ) , where 0 < , ,  < /4 [JEE 2008]
(A) P lies on the line segment RQ (B) Q lies on the line segment PR
(C) R lies on the line segment QP (D) P, Q, R are non collinear
(b) Consider the system of equations
x – 2y + 3z = –1
– x + y – 2z = k
x – 3y + 4z = 1
STATEMENT-1 : The system of equations has no solution for k  3.
1 3 1
STATEMENT-2 : The determinant  1  2 k  0, for k  3.
1 4 1
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
18. Let a, b, c be such that b(a + c)  0 if [AIEEE 2009]
a a 1 a 1 a 1 b 1 c 1
b b  1 b  1  a 1 b 1 c  1 = 0 , then the value of n is :
n 2 n 1
c c 1 c  1 ( 1) a ( 1) b ( 1) n c
(A) Any even integer (B) Any odd integer

(C) Any integer (D) Zero
19. Consider the system of linear equations : [AIEEE 2010]
x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 3
2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 3
3x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 1
Then system has
(A) Exactly 3 solutions (B) A unique solution
(C) No solution (D) Infinite number of solutions
20. The number of values of k for which the linear equation 4x + ky + 2z = 0, kx + 4y + z = 0 and
2x + 2y + z = 0 posses a non-zero solution is [AIEEE 2011]
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) zero (D) 3
21. The number of values of k, for which the system of equations : [JEE Mains 2013]
(k + 1)x + 8y = 4k
kx + (k + 3)y = 3k – 1
has no solution, is :
(A) 3 (B) infinite (C) 1 (D) 2
3 1  f (1) 1  f (2)
22. If ,  0, and f(n) = n + n and 1  f (1) 1  f (2) 1  f (3) = K(1 – )2(1 – )2(a – )2, then K
1  f (2) 1  f (3) 1  f (4)
is equal to [JEE Mains 2014]
1
(A) –1 (B)  (C) (D) 1

23. The set of all values of  for which the system of linear equations : [JEE Mains 2015]
2x1 – 2x2 + x3 = x1
2x1 – 3x2 + 2x3 = x2
– x1 + 2x2 = x3
has a non-trivial solution,
(A) contains more than two elements (B) is an empty set
(C) is a singleton (D) contains two elements
(1   ) 2 (1  2 ) 2 (1  3) 2
2
24. Which of the following values of a satisfy the equation (2   ) (2  2 ) 2 (2  3 ) 2 = – 648  ?
(3   ) 2 (3  2 ) 2 (3  3) 2
[IIT Advance 2015]
(A) – 4 (B) 9 (C) – 9 (D) 4
25. The system of linear equations [JEE Mains 2016]

x + y – z = 0
x – y – z = 0
x + y – z = 0
has a non-trivial solution for :
(A) infinitely many values of  (B) exactly one value of 
(C) exactly two values of  (D) exactly three values of 
x x2 1  x3
2
26. The total number of distinct x R for which 2x 4x 1  8x 3 = 10 is : [IIT Advance 2016]
3x 9x 2 1  27x 3
27. Let  R. Consider the system of linear equations [IIT Advance 2016]
x + 2y = 
3x – 2y = 
Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct ?
(A) If  = –3, then the system has infinitely many solutions for all values of  and .
(B) If  –3, then the system has a unique solutions for all values of  and .
(C) If  +  = 0, then the system has infinitely many solutions for  = – 3
(D) If  +  0, then the system has no solution for  = –3
28. If S is the set of distinct values of 'b' for which the following system of linear equations
x+ y+ z = 1
x + ay + z = 1
ax + by + z = 0
has no solution, then S is [JEE Mains 2017]
(A) a finite set containing two or more elements
(B) a singleton
(C) an empty set
(D) an infinite set
29. If the system of linear equations x + ky + 3z = 0 3x + ky – 2z = 0 2x + 4y – 3z = 0 has a non-zero

xz
solution (x, y, z), then is equal to : [JEE Mains 2018]
y2
(A) 30 (B) –10 (C) 10 (D) –30
x – 4 2x 2x
2
30. If 2x x – 4 2x =  A + Bx   x – A  , then the ordered pair (A, B) is equal to :
2x 2x x–4
(A) (4, 5) (B) (–4, –5) (C) (–4, 3) (D) (–4, 5)

[JEE Mains 2018]
31. The system of linear equations
x+ y+ z = 2
2x + 3y + 2z = 5 [JEE Main 2019 (09-01-2019-Shift-1)]
2x + 3y + (a2 – 1)z = a + 1
(A) has a unique solutions for a  3 (B) is inconsistent when a  3
(C) has infinitely many solutions for a = 4 (D) is inconsistent when a = 4
32. If the system of linear equations x – 4y + 7z = g, 3y – 5z = h, –2x + 5y – 9z = k is consistent, then:

[JEE Main 2019 (09-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) g + 2h + k = 0 (B) g + h + k = 0 (C) 2g + h + k = 0 (D) g + h + 2k = 0
33. If the system of equations [JEE Main 2019 (10-01-2019-Shift-1)]

x+ y+ z = 5
x + 2y + 3z = 9
x + 3y + z = 
has infinitely many solutions, then  equals :
(A) 5 (B) 21 (C) 18 (D) 8
34. Let d  R, and [JEE Main 2019 (10-01-2019-Shift-1)]

 2 4d  sin    2 
 
A1  sin    2 d  [ 0,2]. If the minimum value of det(A) is 8, then a
 5  2sin    d   sin   2  2d 
value of d is:
(A) – 7 (B) 2  22  (C) 2  2 1  (D) – 5
35. The number of values of (0, ) for which the system of linear equations x + 3y + 7z = 0, – x + 4y +
7z = 0, (sin3)x + (cos2)y + 2z = 0 has a non-trivial solution, is:
[JEE Main 2019 (10-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) four (B) three (C) two (D) one
36. Let a1, a2, a3 ....., a10 be in G.P. with ai > 0 for i = 1,2 .... , 10 and S be the set of pairs (r, k), r, kN (the
log e a1r a 2 k log e a 2 r a 3 k log e a 3 r a 4 k
log e a 4 r a 5 k log e a 5 r a 6 k log e a 6 r a 7 k
set of natural numbers) for which
log e a 7 r a 8 k log e a 8 r a 9 k log e a 9 r a10 k
Then the number of elements in S, is: [JEE Main 2019 (10-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) 10 (B) 2 (C) infinitely many (D) 4
2 b 1
det  A 
37. Let A  b b  1 b  where b > 0. Then the minimum value of
 2
is
  b
 1 b 2
[JEE Main 2019 (10-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) 3 (B)  3 (C) 2 3 (D) 2 3
38. If the system of linear equations [JEE Main 2019 (11-01-2019-Shift-1)]

2x + 2y + 3z = a
3x – y + 5z = b
x – 3y + 2z = c
Where a,b,c are non - zero real numbers, has more than one solution, then :
(A) b – c – a = 0 (B) a + b + c = 0 (C) b – c + a = 0 (D) b + c – a = 0
a bc 2a 2a
2b bca 2b
39. If = (a + b +c) (x + a + b + c)2 , x  0 and a + b + c  0, then x is equal
2c 2c ca b
to : [JEE Main 2019 (11-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) 2(a + b + c) (B) – (a + b + c) (C) abc (D) – 2(a + b + c)
40. Let A and B be two invertible matrices of order 3 × 3. If det(ABA T) = 8 and det(AB–1 ) = 8, then
det (BA–1 BT) is equal to : [JEE Main 2019 (11-01-2019-Shift-2)]
1 1
(A) 16 (B) 1 (C) (D)
16 4
41. An ordered pair  for which the system of linear equations
(1 + )x + y + z = 2
x + (1 + )y + z = 3
x + y + 2z = 2
has a unique solution, is : [JEE Main 2019 (12-01-2019-Shift-1)]
(A) (1, –3) (B) (–3,1) (C) (–4,2) (D) (2,4)
 1 sin  1 
    
42. If A   sin  1 sin  ; then for all    ,  , det (A) lies in the interval :
   4 4 
 1  sin  1 
[JEE Main 2019 (12-01-2019-Shift-2)]
5  3   5  3
(A)  , 4  (B)  ,3 (C) 1,  (D)  0, 
2  2   2  2
43. The set of all values of  for which the system of linear equations x – 2y – 2z = x
x + 2y + z = y
–x – y = z has a non-trivial solution: [JEE Main 2019 (12-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) is a singleton (B) contains exactly two elements
(C) is an empty set (D) contains more than two elements
44. The greatest value of c  R for which the system of linear equations, x  cy  cz = 0, cx  y + cz = 0
cx + cy  z = 0 has a non-trivial solution, is : [JEE Main 2019 (08-04-2019-Shift-1)]
1
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) (D) 1
2
1 1 1
45. Let the numbers 2, b, c be in an A.P. and A   2 b c  . If det(A)  [2, 16], then c lies in the
 
 4 b 2 c 2 
interval: [JEE Main 2019 (08-04-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) [4, 6] (B) [3, 2 + 23/4] (C) (2 + 23/4 , 4] (D) [2, 3)
46. If the system of linear equations x – 2y + kz = 1, 2x + y + z = 2, 3x – y – kz = 3, has a solution (x, y, z),

z  0, then (x, y) lies on the straight line whose equation is:
[JEE Main 2019 (08-04-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) 4x – 3y – 4 = 0 (B) 3x – 4y – 4 = 0 (C) 4x – 3y – 1 = 0 (D) 3x – 4y – 1 = 0
47. If the system of equations 2x + 3y – z = 0, x + ky – 2z = 0 and 2x – y + z = 0 has a non - trivial solution

x y z
(x, y , z) , then    k is equal to : [JEE Main 2019 (09-04-2019-Shift-2)]
y z x
1 1 3
(A) (B)  (C) – 4 (D)
2 4 4
48. If the system of linear equations x + y + z = 5, x + 2y + 2z = 6, x + 3y + z = , (, m  R), has infinitely

many solutions, then the value of  is: [JEE Main 2019 (10-04-2019-Shift-1)]
(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 10
x sin  cos  x sin 2 cos 2

 
49. If 1   sin   x 1 and  2   sin 2 x 1 , x  0 ; then for all    0,  :
 2
cos  1 x cos 2 1 x
[JEE Main 2019 (10-04-2019-Shift-1)]
3
(A) (x + x – 1) (B) = – 2x3
(C) = x(cos2 – cos4) (D)  = – 2x3
x 6 1
50. The sum of the real roots of the equation 2  3x x  3  0 is equal to :
3 2x x2
[JEE Main 2019 (10-04-2019-Shift-2)]
(A)  4 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 6
51. Let  be a real number for which the system of linear equations x + y + z = 6, 4x   y  z    2
3x  2y  4z  5 has infinitely many solutions. Then  is a root of the quadratic equation.
[JEE Main 2019 (10-04-2019-Shift-2)]
(A)  2  3  4  0 (B)  2    6  0 (C)  2    6  0 (D)  2  3  4  0
52. If [x] denotes the greatest integers  x, thenthe system of linear equations [sin ]x + [–cos ]y = 0 &
[cot ]x + y = 0. [JEE Main 2019 (12-04-2019-Shift-2)]
  2  7
(A) have infinitely many solutions if    ,  and has a unique solutions if    , 
2 3   6 
  2   7  
(B) has a unique solution if    ,    , 
2 3   6 
  2   7  
(C) have infinitely, many solutions if    ,    , 
2 3   6 
  2   7 
(D) has a unique solution if    ,  and have infinitely many solutions if    , 
2 3   6 
1  cos 2  sin 2  4 cos 6

53. A value of    0,  / 3 , for which cos  1  sin 
2 2
4 cos 6  0 , is :
2 2
cos  sin  1  4cos 6
[JEE Main 2019 (12-04-2019-Shift-2)]

  7 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 18 24 36

2x + 2ay + az = 0
2x + 3by + bz = 0
2x + 4cy + cz = 0,
where a, b, c R are non-zero distinct; has a non-zero solution, then:
1 1 1
(A) , , are in A.P.. (B) a + b + c = 0 (C) a,b,c are in A.P. (D) a, b, c are in G.P.
a b c
55. If the system of linear equations, [JEE Main 2020 (07-01-2020-Shift-2)]

x+ y+ z = 6
x + 2y + 3z = 10
3x + 2y + z = 
has more than two solutions, then  is equal to ______.
56. For which of the following ordered pairs  the system of linear equations
x + 2y + 3z = 1
3x + 4y + 5z =  [JEE Main 2020 (08-01-2020-Shift-1)]
4x + 4y + 4z = 
is inconsistent?
(A) (1, 0) (B) (4, 6) (C) (3, 4) (D) (4, 3)
57. The system of linear equations [JEE Main 2020 (08-01-2020-Shift-2)]

x + 2y + 2z = 5
2x + 3y + 5z = 8
4x + y + 6z = 10 has :
(A) no solution when  = 2 (B) infinitely many solutions when  = 2
(C) no solution when  = 8 (D) a unique solution when = –8
58. If for some  and  in R, the intersection of the following three planes
x + 4y  2z = 1
x + 7y  5z =  [JEE Main 2020 (09-01-2020-Shift-1)]
x + 5y +  z = 5
is a line in R3, then    is equal to :
(A) 0 (B) 10 (C) 10 (D) 2
59. The following system of linear equations [JEE Main 2020 (09-01-2020-Shift-2)]
7x + 6y – 2z = 0
3x + 4y + 2z = 0
x – 2y – 6z = 0, has
(A) Infinitely many solutions, (x, y, z) satisfying y = 2z.
(B) Infinitely many solutions, (x, y, z) satisfying x = 2z.
(C) No solutions
(D) Only the trivial solution
x  a x  2 x 1
60. Let a – 2b + c = 1. If f (x)  x  b x  3 x  2 , then :
x c x 4 x 3
[JEE Main 2020 (09-01-2020-Shift-2)]
(A) f (–50)  501 (B) f (50)  1 (C) f (–50)  –1 (D) f (50)  –501
61. Let S be the set of all   R for which the system of linear equations
2x  y + 2z = 2
x  2y +  z =  4
x +y+ z = 4
has no solution. Then the set S [JEE Main 2020 (02-09-2020-Shift-1)]
(A) is an empty set (B) is a singleton
(C) contains more than two elements (D) contains exactly two elements
x  2 2x  3 3x  4
62. If D  2x  3 3x  4 4x  5 = Ax3 + Bx2 + Cx + D, then B + C is equal to:
3x  5 5x  8 10x  17
[JEE Main 2020 (03-09-2020-Shift-1)]
(A) 1 (B)-1 (C) -3 (D) 9

x  2y + 3z = 9
2x + y + z = b
x  7y + az = 24, has infinitely many solutions, then a-b is equal to ____.

x+ y+ z = 2
2x + 4y – z = 6
3x + 2y +  z = 
has infinitely many solutions, then
(A)   2  5 (B) 2    14 (C)   2  14 (D) 2    5
 
65. If the minimum and the maximum values of the function f :  ,   R , defined by
 sin 2  1  sin 2  1 4 2
f      cos 2  1  cos 2  1 are m and M respectively, then the ordered pair (m,M) is equal to:
12 10 2 [JEE Main 2020 (05-09-2020-Shift-1)]
(A) (0,4) (B) (4,0) (C) (4,4) (D) 0, 2 2  
66. Let   R . The system of linear equations [JEE Main 2020 (05-09-2020-Shift-1)]
2x1 4x2 +  x3 = 1
x1 6x2 + x3 = 2
 x1 10x2 + 4x3 = 3
is inconsistent for
(A) exactly two values of  (B) exactly one negative value of 
(C) every value of  (D) exactly one positive value of 
x ay xa
67. If a + x = b + y = c + z + 1, where a, b, c, x, y, z are non-zero distinct real numbers. then y b  y y  b

z cy zc
is equal to: [JEE Main 2020 (05-09-2020-Shift-2)]

(A) y(a – b) (B) 0 (C) y(b – a) (D) y(a – c)

x + y + 3z = 0
x + 3y +k2z = 0
3x + y + 3z = 0
y
has a non-zero solution (x,y,z) for some k  R , then x    is equal to:
z
(A) –9 (B) 9 (C) –3 (D) 3
69. The values of  and µ for which the system of linear equations
x+ y+ z = 2
x + 2y + 3z = 5
x + 3y + z = µ
has infinitely many solutions are, respectively: [JEE Main 2020 (06-09-2020-Shift-1)]
(A) 6 and 8 (B) 5 and 8 (C) 5 and 7 (D) 4 and 9
70. Let m and M be respectively the minimum and maximum values of
cos 2 x 1  sin 2 x sin 2x
1  cos 2 x sin 2 x sin 2x
2 2
cos x sin x 1  sin 2x
Then the ordered pair (m, M) is equal to: [JEE Main 2020 (06-09-2020-Shift-1)]
(A) (–3, –1) (B) (–4, –1) (C) (1, 3) (D) (–3, 3)
71. The sum of distinct values of  for which the system of equations
(  1)x  (3  1)y  2z  0
(  1)x  (4  2)y  (  3)z  0
2x  (3  1)y  3(  1)z  0 ,
has non-zero solutions,is ______ [JEE Main 2020 (06-09-2020-Shift-2)]
72. The system of linear equations

3x – 2y – kz = 10
2x – 4y – 2z = 6
x + 2y – z = 5m
is inconsistent if : [JEE Main 2021 (24-02-2021-Shift-1)]
4 4 4
(1) k  3, m  (2) k  3, m  R (3) k  3, m  (4) k  3, m 
5 5 5
73. For the system of linear equations : x – 2y = 1, x – y + kz = –2, ky + 4z = 6, k  R, consider the

following statements :
(A) The system has unique solution if k  2, k  – 2.
(B) The system has unique solution if k = – 2.
(C) The system has unique solution if k = 2.
(D) The system has no-solution if k = 2.
(E) The system has infinite number of solutions if k  –2.
Which of the following statements are correct ? [JEE Main 2021 (24-02-2021-Shift-2)]
(1) (C) and (D) only (2) (B) and (E) only (3) (A) and (E) only (4) (A) and (D) only
74. If the system of equations
kx + y + 2z = 1
3x – y – 2z = 2
–2x – 2y – 4z = 3
has infinitely many solutions, then k is equal to ________.[JEE Main 2021 (25-02-2021-Shift-1)]
75. The following system of linear equations
2x + 3y + 2z = 9
3x + 2y + 2z = 9
x – y + 4z = 8 [JEE Main 2021 (25-02-2021-Shift-2)]
(1) has a solution ( satisfying  = 12
(2) has infinitely many solutions
(3) does not have any solution
(4) has a unique solution
(a  1)(a  2) a  2 1
76. The value of (a  2)(a  3) a  3 1 is [JEE Main 2021 (26-02-2021-Shift-1)]
(a  3)(a  4) a  4 1
(1) (a + 2) (a + 3) (a + 4) (2) –2
(3) (a + 1) (a + 2) (a + 3) (4) 0
77. Consider the following system of equations :

x + 2y – 3z = a
2x + 6y – 11z = b
x – 2y + 7z = c,
where a, b and c are real constants. Then the system of equations :
[JEE Main 2021 (26-02-2021-Shift-2)]
(1) has a unique solution when 5a = 2b + c
(2) has infinite number of solutions when 5a = 2b + c
(3) has no solution for all a, b and c
(4) has a unique solution for all a, b and c
sin 2 x 1  cos 2 x cos 2x

78. The maximum value of f (x)  1  sin 2 x cos 2 x cos 2x , x  R is :
sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2x
[JEE Main 2021 (16-03-2021-Shift-2)]
3
(1) 7 (2) (3) 5 (4) 5
4
79. The system of equations kx + y + z = 1, x + ky + z = k and x + y + zk = k2 has no solution if k is equal

to: [JEE Main 2021 (17-03-2021-Shift-1)]
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) –1 (4) –2
 18 
80. If 1, log10(4x – 2) and log10  4 x   are in arithmetic progression for a real number x, then the value
 5
 1
2  x   x 1 x 2
 2
of the determinant 1 0 x is equal to : [JEE Main 2021 (17-03-2021-Shift-2)]
x 1 0
1  sin 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x

2 2
81. The solutions of the equation cos x 1  cos x cos 2 x  0, (0  x  ), are
4sin 2x 4sin 2x 1  4sin 2x
[JEE Main 2021 (18-03-2021-Shift-1)]
   5 5 7  7  11
(1) , (2) , (3) , (D) ,
12 6 6 6 12 12 12 12
82. Let a,b,g be the real roots of the equation, x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a,b,c  R and a,b  0). If the system
of equations (in, u,v,w) given by  = 0; = 0; = 0 has non-
a2
trivial solution, then the value of is [JEE Main 2021 (18-03-2021-Shift-1)]
b
(1) 5 (2) 3 (3) 1 (4) 0

83. Let the system of linear equations
4x + y + 2z = 0
2x – y + z = 0
µx + 2y + 3z = 0, µ R.
has a non-trivial solution. Then which of the following is true ?
[JEE Main 2021 (18-03-2021-Shift-2)]
(1) µ = 6,  R (2)  = 2,   R (3)  = 3,  R (4)  = –6,  R
84. Let a, b, c, d be in arithmetic progression with common difference . If
x ac x b x a
x 1 x  c x  b  2, then value of  is equal to –[JEE Main 2021 (20-07-2021-Shift-1)]
x bd x d x c
85. The value of k  R, for which the following system of linear equations
3x – y + 4z = 3,
x + 2y – 3z = –2,
6x + 5y + kz = –3,
has infinitely many solutions, is : [JEE Main 2021 (20-07-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) 3 (B) –5 (C) 5 (D) –3

86. The values of  and µ such that the system of equation.
x + y + z = 6, 3x + 5y + 5z = 26, x + 2y + z = µ has no solution, are :
[JEE Main 2021 (22-07-2021-Shift-2)]
(1)  = 3, µ  10 (2)  2, µ = 10 (3)  = 2, µ  10 (4)  = 3, µ = 5
87. The values of a and b, for which the system of equations
2x + 3y + 6z = 8
x + 2y + az = 5
3x + 5y + 9z = b
has no solution, are: [JEE Main 2021 (25-07-2021-Shift-1)]
(A) a = 3 b = 1 (B) a = 3, b 13 (C) a  3, b 3 (D) a b 13
sin x cos x cos x

cos x sin x cos x  
88. The number of distinct real roots of = 0 in the interval –  x  is :
cos x cos x sin x 4 4
[JEE Main 2021 (25-07-2021-Shift-2)]
(1) 3 (2) 1 (3) 4 (4) 2
sin 2 x 2  cos 2 x cos 2x

2 2
2  sin x cos x cos 2x
89. Let f(x) = 2 2
, x  [0, ]
sin x cos x 1  cos 2x
Then the maximum value of f(x) is equal to ………. . [JEE Main 2021 (27-07-2021-Shift-1)]
90. For real numbers  and , consider the following system of linear equations :
x + y – z = 2, x + 2y + z = 1, 2x – y + z = . If the system has infinite solutions, then  +  is equal

to ……… . [JEE Main 2021 (27-07-2021-Shift-1)]
 
91. Let    0,  . If the system of linear equations.
 2
1  cos   x  sin
2 2
y  4sin 3 z  0
cos 2 x  1  sin 2   y  4sin 3 z  0
cos 2 x  sin 2 y  1  4sin 3  z  0
has a non-trivial solution, then the value of  is: [JEE Main 2021 (26-08-2021-Shift-1)]
 5 4 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
18 18 9 18
92. If the system of linear equations
2x + y – z = 3
x– y– z = α
3x + 3y + βz = 3
has infinitely many solution, then α + β – αβ is equal to ______.
[JEE Main 2021 (27-08-2021-Shift-1)]
93. If the following system of linear equations
2x  y  z  5
xyz 3
x  y  az  b
has no solution, then: [JEE Main 2021 (31-08-2021-Shift-1)]
1 7 1 7
(A) a  ,b  (B) a  ,b 
3 3 3 3
1 7 1 7
(C) a   , b  (D) a   , b 
3 3 3 3
94. If       2 , then the system of equations
x   cos   y   cos   z  0
 cos   x  y   cos   z  0
 cos   x   cos   y  z  0
has [JEE Main 2021 (31-08-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) a unique solution (B)no solution
(C)infinitely many solutions (D) exactly two solutions

95. Consider the system of linear equations
–x + y + 2z = 0
3x – ay + 5z = 1
2x – 2y – az = 7
Let S1 be the set of all a  R for which the system is inconsistent and S2 be the set of all a  R for
which the system has infinitely many solutions. If n  S1  and n  S2  denote the number of elements in S1
and S2 respectively, then [JEE Main 2021 (01-09-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) n  S1   2 , n  S2   2 (B) n  S1   2 , n  S2   0
(C) n  S1   0 , n  S2   2 (D) n  S1   1 , n  S2   0
ANSWER KEY
PROFICIENCY TEST-01
1. (a – b)(b – c)(c – a) 2. 0 3. 0 4. –5 5. 0
6. 0 7. 0 8. xy 9. x = 2, –1 10. x=0
3 2
11. x = 0, (a + b2 + c2) 12. 1, 9 13. 1 + a2 + b 2 + c2
2
14. (a – b)(b – c)(c –a)(a + b + c) 15. 0
PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. –(a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc) 2. 0 3. 4abc 4. 0, –3 5. – (a + b + c)
 1 1 1
6. –2 7. 0 8. 4a2b2c2 9. xyz 1     10. 1
 x y z
11. 2, 7 12. abc = –1 13. 0
33
14. abc(a – b)(b – c)(c – a)(a + b + c – ab – bc – ca) 15.
8
PROFICIENCY TEST-03
1. k3  2. 24 3. 0 4. 0 5. –28000 6. 6
7. 0 8. 4 9. 6k 10. 25 11. 2 12. 0
13. 0 14. 0 15. 8
EXERCISE–I
1. (b) p
4. 1 11. (ab  ab) (bc  bc) (ca  ca) 12. (a) x =  1 or x =  2; (b) x = 4
3 2 2 ( a2 + b2 + c2 + )
13. x = 0 or x = ±
2

a  b 2  c2  17.
19. Triangle ABC is isosceles.

EXERCISE–II
1. (a) x = 1 , y = 2 , z = 3 ; consistent (b) x = 2 , y =  1 , z = 1 ; consistent (c) inconsistent
33 15
2. K= , x : y : z = - : 1 : – 3 3. –2 4. 2 7. 2
2 2
8. (a)   3 (b)  = 3,  =10 (c)  = 3,   10
9. x = 1 + 2K , y =  3K , z = K, when p = 1 ; x = 2K, y = 1  3K , z = K when p = 2 ; where K  R
x y z 1
10. If K2,    ,
2
2(K6) 2K3 6(K2) 2 K 2K15  
1  2
If K= 2, then x = , y = and z = 0 where   R
2
11. 19
a b c
13. b c a
c a b
4 9
14. If   –5 then x = ; y = – and z = 0 ;
7 7
4  5K 13K  9
If  = 5 then x = ;y= and z = K where K  R
7 7
15. x = (a + b + c) , y = ab + bc + ca , z = abc
EXERCISE–III
1. (a) A
2. D
k
4. r = 2 ; x = k; y = ; z =  k where k  R  {0}
2
5. x = n, n  I
6. If  = 5, system is consistent with infinite solution given by z = K,
1 1
y = (3K + 4) and x = – (5K + 2) where K  R
2 2
1 1
If  5, system is consistent with unique solution given by z = (1 – ); x = ( + 2) and y = 0.
3 3
8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. D 13. D 14. D
15. D 16. D 17.(a)- D, (b)- A 18. B 19. C 20. A
21. C 22. D 23. D 24. B, C 25. D 26. 2
27. B,C,D 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. D
34. D 35. C 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. D 40. C
41. D 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. A 46. A 47. A
48. D 49. D 50. C 51. B 52. A 53. A 54. A
55. 13 56. D 57. A 58. C 59. B 60. B 61. D
62. C 63. D=0 64. B 65. B 66. B 67. A 68. C
69. B 70. A 71. 3 72. D 73. D 74. 21 75. D
76. B 77. B 78. C 79. D 80. 2 81. D 82. B
83. A 84. 1 85. B 86. C 87. B 88. B 89. 6
90. 5 91. D 92. 5 93. A 94. C 95. B
QUESTION BANK
PART - A [SINGLE CORRECT]

Q.1 to Q.70 has four choices (A), (B), (C), (D) out of which only one is correct and carry 3 marks
each. There is NEGATIVE marking. 1 mark will be deducted for each wrong answer.
a2 a 1
Q.1 The value of the determinant cos ( nx ) cos( n  1) x cos ( n  2) x is independent of :
sin (nx) sin ( n  1) x sin ( n  2) x
(A) n (B) a (C) x (D) a , n and x
1 1
Q.2 If A = 1 1 and det. (An – I) = 1 – n, n  N then the value of , is
 
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
0 1  1 A
Q.3 A is an involutary matrix given by A = 4  3 4  then the inverse of will be
3  3 4  2
A 1 A
(A) 2A (B) (C) (D) A2
2 2
1 cos (   ) cos (  )
Q.4 If ,  &  are real numbers , then D = cos (   ) 1 cos(    ) =
cos (   ) cos (   ) 1
(A)  1 (B) cos cos cos
(C) cos + cos + cos (D) zero
cos   sin 
Q.5 If A =  sin  cos   , A–1 is given by
 
(A) –A (B) AT (C) –AT (D) A
1 378
Q.6 If the product of n matrices 1 1 1 2 1 3 .......... 1 n  is equal to the matrix 0 1 

0 1 0 1  
 0 1
 0 1   
then the value of n is equal to
(A) 26 (B) 27 (C) 377 (D) 378
a b c  4 x 2a  p 
Q.7 Let A =  p q r  and suppose that det.(A) = 2 then the det.(B) equals, where B = 4 y 2 b  q 
x y z  4 z 2c  r 
   
(A) det(B) = – 2 (B) det(B) = – 8 (C) det(B) = – 16 (D) det(B) = 8
ap 2 2ap 1 apq a ( p  q ) 1
2
Q.8 Let 1 = aq 2aq 1 and 2 = aqr a ( q  r ) 1 then
ar 2 2ar 1 arp a ( r  p) 1
(A) 1 = 2 (B) 2 = 21 (C) 1 = 22 (D) 1 + 22 = 0
Q.9 If an idempotent matrix is also skew symmetric then it must be

(A) an involutary matrix (B) an identity matrix
(C) an orthogonal matrix (D) a null matrix.
 3 2 3 1
Q.10 Let the matrix A and B be defined as A = 2 1  and B = 7 3 then the value of Det.(2A9B–1), is
   
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) – 1 (D) – 2
1  sin 2 x cos 2 x 4 sin 2x
Q.11 Let f (x) = sin 2 x 1  cos2 x 4 sin 2x , then the maximum value of f (x) =
2 2
sin x cos x 1  4 sin 2x
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
Q.12 Which of the following statements is not correct

(A) (AB)T = ATBT (B) (AT)T = A
T T
(C) (A + B) = B + A T (D) (kA)T = kAT (k is a scalar)
Q.13 If A and B are invertible matrices, which one of the following statements is not correct
(A) Adj. A = |A| A –1 (B) det (A–1) = |det (A)|–1
(C) (A + B)–1 = B–1 + A–1 (D) (AB)–1 = B–1A–1
Q.14 Tr (A) of a 3 x 3 matrix A = (aij) is defined by the relation Tr(A) = a11 + a22 + a33 (i.e. Tr(A) is sum of
the main diagonal elements). Which of the following statement cannot always hold?
(A) Tr (kA) = kTr(A) (k is a scalar) (B) Tr(A + B) = Tr (A) + Tr(B)
(C) Tr(I3) = 3 (D) Tr(A2) = ( Tr(A) )2
x 2  3x x 1 x  3
Q.15 If px4 + qx3 + rx2 + sx + t  x 1 2  x x  3 then t =
x3 x 4 3x
(A) 33 (B) 0 (C) 21 (D) none
Q.16 If A and B are different matrices satisfying A3 = B3 and A2B = B2A, then
(A) det (A2 + B2) must be zero.
(B) det (A – B) must be zero.
(C) det (A2 + B2) as well as det (A – B) must be zero.
(D) At least one of det (A2 + B2) or det (A – B) must be zero.
Q.17 The system of equations x + y + z = 5, x + 2y + 3z = 9, x + 3y + z =  has no solution if
(A) = 5,  = 13 (B) = 5 (C)  = 5,  13 (D)  = 13
a2  1 ab ac
2
Q.18 If D = ba b 1 bc then D =
2
ca cb c 1
(A) 1 + a2 + b2 + c2 (B) a2 + b2 + c2 (C) (a + b + c)2 (D) ab + bc + ca
Q.19 Identify the incorrect statement in respect of two square matrices A and B conformable for sum and
product.
(A) tr(A + B) = tr(A) + tr(B) (B) tr(A) =  tr(A),   R
T
(C) tr(A ) = tr(A) (D) tr(AB)  tr(BA)
cos (  )  sin (   ) cos 2

Q.20 The determinant sin  cos  sin  is :
 cos  sin  cos 
(A) 0 (B) independent of 
(C) independent of  (D) independent of  &  both
Q.21 Which of the following statements is incorrect for a square matrix A. ( | A |  0)

(A) If A is a diagonal matrix, A–1 will also be a diagonal matrix
(B) If A is a symmetric matrix, A–1 will also be a symmetric matrix
(C) If A–1 = A  A is an idempotent matrix
(D) If A–1 = A  A is an involutary matrix
a11 a12 a13
Q.22 Let 0 = a 21 a 22 a 23 and let 1 denote the determinant formed by the cofactors of elements of 0
a 32 a 32 a 33
and 2 denote the determinant formed by the cofactor at 1 and so on n denotes the determinant
formed by the cofactors at n – 1 then the determinant value of n is
n 2
(A) 20n (B) 20 (C) n0 (D) 20
 cos 2  sin  cos    cos 2  sin  cos  

Q.23 If A =  2  ; B=  
 sin  cos  sin    sin  cos  sin 2  
are such that, AB is a null matrix, then which of the following should necessarily be an odd integral

multiple of .
2
(A)  (B)  (C)  –  (D)  + 
cos (x  y) cos (y  z) cos (z  x)

Q.24 The determinant cos (x  y) cos (y  z) cos (z  x) =
sin (x  y) sin (y  z) sin (z  x)
(A) 2 sin (x  y) sin (y  z) sin (z  x) (B)  2 sin (x  y) sin (y  z) sin (z  x)
(C) 2 cos (x  y) cos (y  z) cos (z  x) (D)  2 cos (x  y) cos (y  z) cos (z  x)
 cos   sin  
Q.25 For a given matrix A =  which of the following statement holds good?
 sin  cos  

(A) A = A–1   R (B) A is symmetric, for  = (2n + 1) , n I
2
(C) A is an orthogonal matrix for   R (D) A is a skew symmetric, for  = n ; n  I
1 a  x a y a z
Q.26 The determinant bx 1 b  y b z =
cx cy 1 c  z
(A) (1 + a + b + c) (1 + x + y + z)  3 (ax + by + cz)
(B) a (x + y) + b (y + z) + c (z + x)  (xy + yz + zx)
(C) x (a + b) + y (b + c) + z (c + a)  (ab + bc + ca)
(D) none of these
Q.27 If A is matrix such that A2 + A + 2I = O, then which of the following is INCORRECT ?
1
(A) A is non-singular (B) A  O (C) A is symmetric (D) A–1 = – (A + I)
2
(Where I is unit matrix of order 2 and O is null matrix of order 2 )
1 2 0  2  1 5
Q.28 Let A + 2B =  6  3 3 and 2A – B = 2  1 6
 5 3 1 0 1 2
then Tr (A) – Tr (B) has the value equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) none
a b ab a c a c D1
Q.29 Let D1 = c d c  d and D2 = b d b  d then the value of where b  0 and
a b ab a c a bc D2
ad  bc, is
(A) – 2 (B) 0 (C) – 2b (D) 2b
Q.30 The number of solutions of the matrix equation X2 =I other than I, is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) more than 2
(where I is the 2 × 2 unit matrix )
1  a 2 x (1  b 2 ) x (1  c 2 ) x
2 2 2
Q.31 If a2 + b2 + c2 = – 2 and f (x) = (1  a ) x 1  b x (1  c ) x then f (x) is a polynomial of degree
(1  a 2 ) x (1  b 2 ) x 1  c 2 x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
1 3  1 0 
Q.32 Given A = 2 2 ; I = 0 1  . If A – I is a singular matrix then
   
(A)    (B) 2 – 3 – 4 = 0 (C) 2 + 3 + 4 = 0 (D) 2 – 3 – 6 = 0
Q.33 The values of  for which the following equations

sinx – cosy + ( + 1)z = 0 ; cosx + siny – z = 0; x + ( + 1)y + cos z = 0
have non trivial solution, is
(A)  = n,  R – {0} (B)  = 2n,  is any rational number

(C)  = (2n + 1),  R+, n  I (D)  = (2n + 1) ,  R, n  I
2
 1 sin  1 
Q.34 Let A =   sin  1 sin  , where 0   < 2, then
  1  sin  1 
(A) Det (A) = 0 (B) Det A  (0, ) (C) Det (A)  [2, 4] (D) Det A  [2, )
Q.35 The system of equations :
2x cos2 + y sin2 – 2sin = 0
x sin2 + 2y sin2 = – 2 cos
x sin – y cos = 0 , for all values of , can
(A) have a unique non - trivial solution (B) not have a solution
(C) have infinite solutions (D) have a trivial solution
Q.36 Let A, B, C, D be (not necessarily square) real matrices such that

AT = BCD; BT = CDA; CT = DAB and DT = ABC
for the matrix S = ABCD, consider the two statements.
I S3 = S
II S2 = S4
(A) II is true but not I (B) I is true but not II
(C) both I and II are true (D) both I and II are false.
Q.37 Number of value of 'a' for which the system of equations,

a2 x + (2  a) y = 4 + a2
a x + (2 a  1) y = a5  2 possess no solution is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite
 1 tan x  T –1
Q.38 A =  tan x 1  then let us define a function f (x) = det. (A A ) then which of the following can

not be the value of f f f f ...........f (x )  is (n  2)

n times
(A) f n(x) (B) 1 (C) f n – 1(x) (D) n f (x)
Q.39 Number of triplets of a, b & c for which the system of equations,

ax  by = 2a  b and (c + 1) x + cy = 10  a + 3 b
has infinitely many solutions and x = 1, y = 3 is one of the solutions, is :
(A) exactly one (B) exactly two
(C) exactly three (D) infinitely many
Q.40 There are two possible values of A in the solution of the matrix equation
1
2A  1  5  A  5 B = 14 D where A, B, C, D, E, F are real numbers. The absolute
  4 A  2A  2 C   E F 
value of the difference of these two solutions, is
8 11 1 19
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3
Q.41 The following system of equations 3x – 7y + 5z = 3; 3x + y + 5z = 7 and 2x + 3y + 5z = 5 are

(A) consistent with trivial solution (B) consistent with unique non trivial solution
(C) consistent with infinite solution (D) inconsistent with no solution
Q.42 If every element of a square non singular matrix A is multiplied by k and the new matrix is denoted by B
then | A–1| and | B–1| are related as
1 –1
(A) | A–1| = k | B–1| (B) | A–1| = |B | (C) | A–1| = kn | B–1| (D) | A–1| = k–n | B–1|
k
where n is order of matrices.
x 3x  2 2x  1
Q.43 The number of real values of x satisfying 2 x  1 4x 3x  1 = 0 is
7 x  2 17x  6 12x  1
(A) 3 (B) 0 (C) more than 3 (D) 1
1  1 1  4 2 2
Q.44 Let A = 2 1  3 and 10B =  5 0  . If B is the inverse of matrix A, then  is
1 1 1   1  2 3 
(A) – 2 (B) – 1 (C) 2 (D) 5
x  1 (x  1) 2 x3
*Q.45 If D(x) = x  1 x2 (x  1) 3 then the coefficient of x in D(x) is
x (x  1) 2 (x  1) 3
(A) 5 (B) –2 (C) 6 (D) 0
*Q.46 Matrix A satisfies A2 = 2A – I where I is the identity matrix then for n  2, An is equal to (n  N)
(A) nA – I (B) 2n – 1A – (n – 1)I (C) nA – (n – 1)I (D) 2n – 1A – I
*Q.47 The set of equations

x – y + (cos) z = 0
3x + y + 2z =0
(cos)x + y + 2z = 0
0 <  < 2 , has non- trivial solution(s)
(A) for no value of  and  (B) for all values of  and 
(C) for all values of  and only two values of  (D) for only one value of  and all values of 
1 2 3  0
Q.48 Let A = 2 0 5 and b =  3 . Which of the following is true?
0 2 1  1
(A) Ax = b has a unique solution. (B) Ax = b has exactly three solutions.
(C) Ax = b has infinitely many solutions. (D) Ax = b is inconsistent.
a 2  1 ab ac
ab b2 1 bc
Q.49 If a, b, c are real then the value of determinant = 1 if
ac bc c2  1
(A) a + b + c = 0 (B) a + b + c = 1 (C) a + b + c = –1 (D) a = b = c = 0
*Q.50 If A, B and C are n × n matrices and det(A) = 2, det(B) = 3 and det(C) = 5, then the value of the
det(A2BC–1) is equal to
6 12 18 24
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 5 5 5
2 1  3 4  3  4
*Q.51 Let three matrices A = 4 1 ; B = 2 3 and C =  2 3  then
     
 ABC   A ( BC) 2   A ( BC) 3 

tr(A) + tr   
+t     + ....... +  =
4  + tr  8 
 2  r   
(A) 6 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) none
(1  x ) 2 (1  x ) 2  (2  x 2 ) (1  x ) 2 2x  1 x  1
2x  1 3x 1  5x (1  x ) 2 3x 2x
Q.52 The equation + =0
x 1 2x 2  3x 1  2x 3x  2 2x  3
(A) has no real solution (B) has 4 real solutions
(C) has two real and two non-real solutions (D) has infinite number of solutions , real or non-real
 1   1  1  1 
Q.53 A is a 2 × 2 matrix such that A 1 =  2  and A2 1 = 0  . The sum of the elements of A, is
       
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 5
Q.54 The number of positive integral solutions

1  2 1
3  2 = 0 is
2 2 1  
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 1
Q.55 In a square matrix A of order 3 the elements, ai i's are the sum of the roots of the equation
x2 – (a + b)x + ab = 0; ai , i + 1's are the product of the roots, ai , i – 1's are all unity and the rest of the
elements are all zero. The value of the det. (A) is equal to
(A) 0 (B) (a + b) 3 (C) a3 – b3 (D) (a2 + b2)(a + b)
Q.56 Let Dk is the k × k matrix with 0's in the main diagonal, unity as the element of 1st row and  f (k ) th
column and k for all other entries. If f (x) = x – {x} where {x} denotes the fractional part function then
the value of det. (D2) + det. (D3) equals
(A) 32 (B) 34 (C) 36 (D) none
ax b b
Q.57 If x = a + 2b satisfies the cubic (a, bR) f (x)= b ax b =0, then its other two roots are
b b ax
(A) real and different (B) real and coincident
(C) imaginary (D) such that one is real and other imaginary
50
1 2 r  1
Q.58 For a matrix A = 0
 1  , the value of r 1
1 2r  1 is equal to
0 1 
1 100 1 4950 1 5050 1 2500

(A) 0 1  (B) 0 1  (C) 0 1  (D) 0 1 
    
1  x 2  y 2  z 2 2(xy  z) 2(zx  y ) 
 2 2 2 
Q.59 Let A =  2(xy  z) 1 y  z  x 2( yz  x )  then det. A is equal to
 2(zx  y) 2( yz  x ) 1  z2  x 2  y2 
 
(A) (1 + xy + yz + zx)3 (B) (1 + x2 + y2 + z2)3
(C) (xy + yz + zx)3 (D) (1 + x3 + y3 + z3)2
 sin  cos 
Q.60 Consider a matrix A () =  cos  sin   then
 
(A) A() is symmetric (B) A() is skew symmetric
 
(C) A–1() = A( – ) (D) A2() = A   2 
2 
x2 0 
 1/3 
 y2/3 0  dy
Q.61 Let A =   dy   and B =  1/3  . Equation tr(AB) = is a differential equation of order
0     0 x  dx
  dx  
'm' and degree 'n' then (m + n) is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
Q.62 If f(x) satisfies the equation

f (x  2) f (x  5) f (x  2)
5 4 5 =0 xR
10 12 30
Then the value of f(2009) is equal to
(A) f(0) (B) f(7) (C) f(11) (D) f(17)
f (x  c) f (x  2c) f (x  3c)
g(x)
Q.63 Let g(x) = f (c) f (2c) f (3c) , where c is constant then lim is equal to
x 0 x
f '(c) f '(2c) f '(3c)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) f(c)
Q.64 Let  1,   1, be the distinct non zero real roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, c  R,
1  S0 1  S1 1  S2
a 0. Let Sn = n + n, n  0 and  = 1  S1 1  S2 1  S3 , then
1  S2 1  S3 1  S4
(A) 0 (B)  > 0 (C)  < 0 (D)  = 0
Q.65 Let A and B be 3 × 3 matrices such that AB + A + B = 0

Statement-1 AB = BA
Statement-2 PP–1 = I = P–1 P for every matrix P which is invertible.
(A) Statement-1 is true ; Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is correct explanation for Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is true ; Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is NOT correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is true ; Statement-2 is false
(D) Statement-1 is false ; Statement-2 is true
Q.66 Let A be any 3 × 2 matrix

Statement-1 Inverse of AAT does not exist
Statement-2 AAT is a singular matrix
(A) Statement-1 is true ; Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is correct explanation for Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is true ; Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is NOT correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is true ; Statement-2 is false
(D) Statement-1 is false ; Statement-2 is true
Paragraph for question nos. 67 & 68

Consider the system of equations
x + y – z = b1
2x + z = b2
x – y + az = b3
Q.67 If this system is denoted by AX = B then for a = 1, the value of A–1
12 0 12  12 0 12 
(A)  1 2 1  3 2 (B)  1 2 1  3 2
 1  1 1   1 1 1 
 
12 0 12  12 0 12 
(C)  1 2 1  3 2 (D)  1 2 1  3 2
 1 1  1   1 1 1 
  
Q.68 If B = 0 then the value of 'a' for which AX = B have non trivial solution, is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) none
Paragraph for question nos. 69 to 71

If A is a symmetric and B skew symmetric matrix and A + B is non singular and C = (A + B)–1(A – B)
then
Q.69 CT(A + B)C =
(A) A + B (B) A – B (C) A (D) B
Q.70 CT(A – B)C =
(A) A + B (B) A – B (C) A (D) B
Q.71 CTAC
(A) A + B (B) A – B (C) A (D) B
Paragraph for question nos. 72 to 74

 2  2  4  4  3  3
If A0 =  1 3 4  and B0 = 1 0 1
 1  2  3  4 4 3 
Bn = adj(Bn – 1), n  N and I is an identity matrix of order 3 then answer the following questions.
Q.72 det. (A0 + A 02 B20 + A 30 + A 40 B40 + ....... 10 terms) is equal to

(A) 1000 (B) – 800 (C) 0 (D) – 8000
Q.73 B1 + B2 + ........ + B49 is equal to
(A) B0 (B) 7B0 (C) 49B0 (D) 49I
Q.74 For a variable matrix X the equation A0X = B0 will have
(A) unique solution (B) infinite solution
(C) finitely many solution (D) no solution
Paragraph for question nos. 75 & 76

Let A is a matrix of order 3 × 3 and aij is its element of ith row and jth column. tr is arithmetic mean of
elements of rth row and aij + ajk + aki = 0 holds for all 1  i, j, k  3 then answer the following questions.
Q.75 a ij is not equal to
1 i , j  3
(A) t1 + t2 + t3 (B) zero (C) (det(A))2 (D) t1t2t3
Q.76 A is
(A) non singular (B) symmetric
(C) skew symmetric (D) neither symmetric nor skew symmetric
[MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWERS TYPE]

Q.77 to Q.89 has four choices (A), (B), (C), (D) out of which one or more than one is/are correct
and carry 4 marks each. There is NO NEGATIVE marking. Marks will be awarded only if all the
correct alternatives are selected.
Q.77 Let A and B are two square idempotent matrices such that AB ± BA is a null matrix, then the value of
the det. (A – B) can be equal
(A) – 1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 2
Q.78 A square matrix A with elements from the set of real numbers is said to be orthogonal if A = A–1. If A is
an orthogonal matrix, then
(A) A is orthogonal (B) A–1 is orthogonal
(C) Adj. A = A (D) |A–1| = 1
Q.79 The set of equations x – y + 3z = 2 , 2x – y + z = 4 , x – 2y + z = 3 has
(A) unique soluton only for  = 0 (B) unique solution for   8
(C) infinite number of solutions for  = 8 (D) no solution for  = 8
a b 
Q.80 If A = c d  (where bc  0) satisfies the equations x2 + k = 0, then
 
(A) a + d = 0 (B) k = –|A| (C) k = |A| (D) none of these
a2 a 2  (b  c) 2 bc
Q.81 The determinant b 2 b2  (c  a )2 ca is divisible by :
c2 c2  (a  b) 2 ab
(A) a + b + c (B) (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
(C) a2 + b2 + c2 (D) (a  b) (b  c) (c  a)
1 2 2
Q.82 Let A = 2 1 2 , then then the correct statement is
2 2 1
1
(A) A2 – 4A – 5I3 = 0 (B) A–1 = (A – 4I3)
5
(C) A3 is not invertible (D) A2 is invertible
Q.83 D is a 3 × 3 diagonal matrix. Which of the following statements is not true ?
(A) D = D (B) AD = DA for every matrix A of order 3 x 3
–1
(C) D if exists is a scalar matrix (D) none of these
  
Q.84 The value of  lying between  & and 0  A  and satisfying the equation
4 2 2
1  sin 2 A cos 2 A 2 sin 4

sin 2 A 1  cos 2 A 2 sin 4 = 0 are :
2 2
sin A cos A 1  2 sin 4
  3
(A) A = ,  = (B) A = =
4 8 8
   3
(C) A = , =  (D) A = , =
5 8 6 8
1  1 1  1 
Q.85 Given the matrices A and B as A = 4  1 and B = 2  2  .
   
The two matrices X and Y are such that XA = B and AY = B then which of the following hold(s) true ?
1  1  1 1  3 0 4  1
(A) X =   2 2  (B) Y = 4 0 (C) det. X = det. Y (D) 3(X + Y) = 2 2 
3  3   
Q.86 If the system of equations, a2 x  by = a2  b & bx  b2 y = 2 + 4 b possess an infinite number of

solutions then the possible values of 'a' and 'b' are
(A) a = 1 , b =  1 (B) a = 1 , b =  2
(C) a =  1 , b =  1 (D) a =  1 , b =  2
Q.87 If A and B are two 3 × 3 matrices such that their product AB is a null matrix then
(A) det. A  0  B must be a null matrix.
(B) det. B  0  A must be a null matrix.
(C) If none of A and B are null matrices then atleast one of the two matrices must be singular.
(D) If neither det. A nor det. B is zero then the given statement is not possible.
n
Q.88 If there are three square matrix A, B, C of same order satisfying the equation A2 = A–1 and let B = A 2
( n  2)
& C = A2 then which of the following statements are true ?
(A) det. (B – C) = 0 (B) (B + C)(B – C) = 0
(C) B must be equal to C (D) none
p  sin x q  sin x p  r  sin x 2
Q.89 If p, q, r, s are in A.P. and f (x) = q  sin x r  sin x  1  sin x such that  f (x)d x = – 4 then
0
r  sin x s  sin x s  q  sin x
the common difference of the A.P. can be :
1
(A)  1 (B) (C) 1 (D) 2
2
AN SWE RS
Q.1 A Q.2 B Q.3 A Q.4 D Q.5 B Q.6 B Q.7 C
Q.8 D Q.9 D Q.10 D Q.11 C Q.12 A Q.13 C Q.14 D
Q.15 C Q.16 D Q.17 C Q.18 A Q.19 D Q.20 B Q.21 C
Q.22 B Q.23 C Q.24 B Q.25 C Q.26 A Q.27 C Q.28 C
Q.29 A Q.30 D Q.31 C Q.32 D Q.33 D Q.34 C Q.35 D
Q.36 C Q.37 C Q.38 D Q.39 B Q.40 B Q.41 B Q.42 C
Q.43 C Q.44 B Q.45 A Q.46 C Q.47 A Q.48 A Q.49 D
Q.50 B Q.51 A Q.52 D Q.53 D Q.54 D Q.55 D Q.56 B
Q.57 B Q.58 D Q.59 B Q.60 C Q.61 C Q.62 A Q.63 A
Q.64 B Q.65 A Q.66 A Q.67 D Q.68 A Q.69 A Q.70 B
Q.71 C Q.72 C Q.73 C Q.74 D Q.75 D Q.76 C Q
[MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWERS TYPE]
Q.77 ABC Q.78 AB Q.79 BD Q.80 AC
Q.81 ACD Q.82 ABD Q.83 BC Q.84 ABCD
Q.85 CD Q.86 ABCD Q.87 ABCD Q.88 ABC
Q.89 AC

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Best Approach

Its value is given by : D = a1 b2  a2 b1

In this manner we can expand a determinant in 6 ways using elements of ;

7. MULTIPLICATION OF TWO DETERMINANTS :

9. CRAMER'S RULE : [ Simultaneous Equations Involving Three Unknowns ]

x(x  1) x(x  1)(x  2)

1  sin 2  cos 2  4sin 4

1  sin 2  cos 2  4sin 4

7. The value of the determinant (when n N)

9. If the system of equations x + 4ay + az = 0, x + 3by + bz = 0, x + 2cy + cz = 0 has a non-zero solution,

11. Solve the following system of equations by using deteminants :

Taking (b – a ) and (c – a) common from C2 and C3 respectively , we get

(b  c)(c k)(k  b) (k  c)(c a)(a  k) (a  b)(b  k)(k  a)

(c k)(k  b) (k  c)(a  k) (b  k)(k  a)

cos  sin  sin  cos  sin  cos 

ab bc ca

x2 x3 xa

yz xz xy

2. Without expanding as far as possible, prove that

tan(AP) tan(BP) tan(CP )

cot A2 cot B2 cot C2

25. If u = ax2 + 2 bxy + cy2 , u = ax2 + 2 bxy + cy2. Prove that

7. If sin q  cos q and x, y, z satisfy the equations

1. (a) If f(x) = then f(100) is equal to :

(b) Let a, b, c, d be real numbers on G.P. If u, v, w satisfy the system of equations,

 1 1 1  x2 + [(b – c)2 + (c – a)2 + (d – b)2] x + u + v + w = 0

2. If the system of equations x – Ky – z = 0, Kx – y – z = 0 and x + y – z = 0 has a non zero solution, then

sin  cos  sin 2

7. Let a, b, c be real numbers with a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 . Show that the equation

10. If the system of linear equations [AIEEE 2003]

log a n log a n 1 log a n 2

13. The system of equations [AIEEE 2005]

then f(x) is a polynomial of degree

18. Let a, b, c be such that b(a + c)  0 if [AIEEE 2009]

(A) Any even integer (B) Any odd integer

(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) zero (D) 3

25. The system of linear equations [JEE Mains 2016]

29. If the system of linear equations x + ky + 3z = 0 3x + ky – 2z = 0 2x + 4y – 3z = 0 has a non-zero

(A) (4, 5) (B) (–4, –5) (C) (–4, 3) (D) (–4, 5)

32. If the system of linear equations x – 4y + 7z = g, 3y – 5z = h, –2x + 5y – 9z = k is consistent, then:

33. If the system of equations [JEE Main 2019 (10-01-2019-Shift-1)]

34. Let d  R, and [JEE Main 2019 (10-01-2019-Shift-1)]

38. If the system of linear equations [JEE Main 2019 (11-01-2019-Shift-1)]

46. If the system of linear equations x – 2y + kz = 1, 2x + y + z = 2, 3x – y – kz = 3, has a solution (x, y, z),

47. If the system of equations 2x + 3y – z = 0, x + ky – 2z = 0 and 2x – y + z = 0 has a non - trivial solution

48. If the system of linear equations x + y + z = 5, x + 2y + 2z = 6, x + 3y + z = , (, m  R), has infinitely

x sin  cos  x sin 2 cos 2

1  cos 2  sin 2  4 cos 6

[JEE Main 2019 (12-04-2019-Shift-2)]

54. If the system of linear equations [JEE Main 2020 (07-01-2020-Shift-1)]

55. If the system of linear equations, [JEE Main 2020 (07-01-2020-Shift-2)]

57. The system of linear equations [JEE Main 2020 (08-01-2020-Shift-2)]

63. If the system of equations [JEE Main 2020 (04-09-2020-Shift-1)]

64. If the system of equations [JEE Main 2020 (04-09-2020-Shift-2)]

67. If a + x = b + y = c + z + 1, where a, b, c, x, y, z are non-zero distinct real numbers. then y b  y y  b

is equal to: [JEE Main 2020 (05-09-2020-Shift-2)]

68. If the system of linear equations [JEE Main 2020 (05-09-2020-Shift-2)]

72. The system of linear equations

73. For the system of linear equations : x – 2y = 1, x – y + kz = –2, ky + 4z = 6, k  R, consider the

77. Consider the following system of equations :

sin 2 x 1  cos 2 x cos 2x

[JEE Main 2021 (16-03-2021-Shift-2)]

79. The system of equations kx + y + z = 1, x + ky + z = k and x + y + zk = k2 has no solution if k is equal