JEE - MATHEMATICS

13
Determinants
DETERMINANT OF A SQUARE MATRIX : |A| = a11C11 + a12 C12 + a13C13 (using first row).
Let A = [a]1×1 be a 1×1 matrix. Determinant A is defined
a 22 a 23 a a a a
as |A| = a. = a11 –a12 21 23 + a13 a 21 a 22
a 32 a 33 a 31 a 33 31 32
e.g. A = [– 3]1×1 |A| = – 3
|A| = a12 C12 + a22 C22 + a32C32
a b  (using second column)
Let A =  , then |A| is defined as ad – bc.
 c d 
a 21 a 23 a a a a
= –a12 +a22 11 13 –a32 11 13 .
a 31 a 33 a 31 a 33 a 21 a 23
 5 3
e.g. A =  1 4  , |A| = 23
  Note that a determinant of order 3 will have 9 minors
MINORS & COFACTORS : each minor will be determinant of order 2 and a
determinant of a order 4 will have 16 minors each minor
Let  be a determinant. Then minor of element
will be determinant of order 3.
aij, denoted by Mij, is defined as the determinant of the
Note :
submatrix obtained by deleting ith row & jth column of
(i) Sum of product of element of any row (column)
. Cofactor of element aij, denoted by Cij, is defined as
with their corresponding cofactors is equal to the
Cij = (– 1)i + j Mij.
value of DETERMINANT.
3
a b
e.g. 1  = c d i.e. D = a11C11 + a12C12 + a13C13 = a C
j1
ij ij ,i=1

M11 = d = C11 a11 a12 a13

M12 = c, C12 = – c
a 21 a 22 a 23
M21 = b, C21 = – b for i = 1, 2, 3, for D =
a 31 a 32 a 33
M22 = a = C22
(ii) Sum of product of elements of any row (column)
a b c
with cofactors of corresponding elements of any
e.g. 2  = p q r
other row (column) is ZERO.
x y z

TRANSPOSE OF A DETERMINANT
q r The transpose of a determinant is the determinant of
M11 = = qz – yr = C11.
y z
transpose of the corresponding matrix.

a b a1 b1 c1 a1 a 2 a 3
M23 = =ay–bx, C23= – (ay–bx) = bx–ay..
x y D = a 2 b 2 c2  DT  b1 b 2 b3
a 3 b 3 c3 c1 c 2 c3
Determinant of any order : Let A = [aij]n be a
square matrix (n > 1). Determinant of A is defined as the Properties of determinant :
sum of products of elements of any one row (or any (1) |A| = |A| for any square matrix A.
one column) with corresponding cofactors. i.e. the value of a determinant remains unaltered, if
the rows & columns are inter changed,
 a11 a12 a13 
e.g.1 A = a 21 a 22 a 23  a1 b1 c1 a1 a 2 a 3
  i.e. D = a 2 b 2 c 2  b1 b 2 b3 = D
 a 31 a 32 a 33 
a 3 b3 c3 c1 c 2 c3
Determinants
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JEE - MATHEMATICS

(2) If any two rows (or columns) of a determinant be row is zero. (Similarly the sum of the products of
interchanged, the value of determinant elements of any column with corresponding cofactors
is changed in sign only. of any other column is zero).

a1 b1 c1 a 2 b 2 c2 SOLVED EXAMPLE
e.g. Let D1 = a 2 b 2 c2 & D2 = a1 b1 c1
a 3 b 3 c3 a 3 b 3 c3 Example-1
Then D2 = – D1 a b c
(3) Let  be a scalar. Than  |A| is obtained by multiplying Simplify b c a
any one row (or any one column) of |A| by  c a b
a1 b1 c1 Ka1 Kb1 Kc1 Sol. Let R1  R1 + R2 + R3
D = a 2 b 2 c2 and E = a 2 b2 c2
a 3 b 3 c3 a3 b3 c3 abc a bc abc
 b c a
Then E= KD
c a b
(4) |A| = n |A|, when A = [aij]n.
(5) A skew-symmetric matrix of odd order has deteminant
value zero. 1 1 1
(6) If a determinant has all the elements zero in any row or = (a + b + c) b c a
column, then its value is zero, c a b

0 0 0 Apply C1 C1 – C2, C2  C2 – C3

i.e. D = 2 b 2 c2 = 0.
a
a 3 b 3 c3 0 0 1
= (a + b + c) b  c c  a a
(7) If a determinant has any two rows (or columns) identical ca a b b
(or proportional), then its value is zero,
= (a + b + c) ((b – c) (a – b) – (c – a)2)
a1 b1 c1
= (a + b + c) (ab + bc – ca – b2 – c2 + 2ca – a2)
i.e. D = a1 b1 c1 = 0.
= (a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca – a2 – b2–c2) 3abc–a3–b3–c3
a 3 b3 c3
(8) If each element of any row (or column) can be expressed Example-2
as a sum of two terms then the determinant can be
expressed as the sum of two determinants, i.e. a b c
Simplify a 2 b2 c2
a1  x b1  y c1  z a1 b1 c1 x y z
a2 b2 c2  a 2 b 2 c2  a 2 b 2 c2
bc ca ab
a3 b3 c3 a 3 b3 c 3 a 3 b 3 c3
Sol. Since detereminant is equal to
(9) The value of a determinant is not altered by adding to
the elements of any row (or column) a constant multiple
a 2 b2 c2
of the corresponding elements of any other row 1
= a 3 b3 c3
(or column), abc abc abc abc
a1 b1 c1
i.e. D1 = 2 b2 c 2
a
a 3 b3 c3
a 2 b2 c2
abc
= a 3 b3 c3
a1  m a 2 b1  m b 2 c1  m c 2 abc 1 1 1
and D2 = a2 b2 c2 .
a 3  n a1 b3  n b1 c3  n c1
Apply C1  C1 – C2, C2  C2 – C3
Then D2= D1
a 2  b 2 b 2  c2 c2
(10) Let A = [aij]n. The sum of the products of elements of = a b b c c
3 3 3 3 3

any row with corresponding cofactors of any other 0 0 1

Determinants
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FACTOR THEOREM :
ab bc c2
Use of factor theorem to find the value of determinant.
= (a – b) (b – c) a  ab  b b  bc  c c
2 2 2 2 3

0 0 1 If by putting x = a the value of a determinant vanishes

then (x  a) is a factor of the determinant.

= (a – b) (b – c) [ab2 + abc + ac2 + b3 + b2c + bc2 – a2b –

SOLVED EXAMPLE
a2c – ab2 – abc – b3 – b2c]
= (a – b) (b – c) [c(ab + bc + ca) – a(ab + bc + ca)] Example-3
= (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (ab + bc + ca)
a b c
SOME SPEICAL DETERMINANTS Prove that a 2 b2 c2 = (a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
bc ca ab

1 x x2 (ab + bc + ca) by using factor theorem.

1 y y2 Sol. Let a = b
(a) = (x – y) (y – z) (z – x)
1 z z2
a b c
2
D = a b2 c2 = 0
bc ac ab
1 x x3
1 y y3 Hence (a – b) is a factor of determinant
(b) = (x – y) (y – z) (z – x) (x + y + z)
1 z z3 Similarly,
let b = c, D = 0
c = a, D = 0
Hence, (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) is factor of determinant.
1 x2 x3
1 y2 y3 a b c
(c) = (x – y) (y – z) (z – x) (xy + yz + zx)
1 z 2
z 3 a 2 b 2 c 2 = (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) { (a2 + b2 + c2)
bc ca ab

+ µ (ab + bc + ca)}
a b c Since this is an identity so in order to find the values of
b c a  and µ.
(d) = 3abc – a3 – b3 – c3
c a b Let
a = 0, b = 1, c = – 1
= –(a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) – 2 = (2) (2 – µ)
(2 – µ) = – 1. ........(i)

a b c Let
b c a a = 1, b = 2, c = 0
Note : If a, b, c > 0, then <0
c a b
1 2 0
1 4 0 = (–1) 2 (– 1) (5 + 2µ)
(e) For the determinants where aij = –aji for all i & j 0 0 2
(i) Diagonal elements are zero.
 5 + 2µ = 2 .......(ii)
aii = –ajj (for diagonal elements)  2aii = 0  aii = 0
from (i) and (ii)  = 0 and µ = 1
(ii)If the order of above determinant is ODD then
a b c
0 a b Hence a 2 b 2 c 2 =(a–b) (b–c) (c–a) (ab+bc+ca).
bc ca ab
a 0 c
its value of ZERO e.g. =0
b c 0
Determinants
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MULTIPLICATION OF TWO DETERMINANTS :

If A and B are two square matrices of same order, then Example-6
|AB| = |A| |B|.
(a1  b1 ) 2 (a1  b 2 ) 2 (a1  b3 ) 2
a1 b1 1 m1 a1 1  b1  2 a1 m1  b1 m 2 Prove that (a 2  b1 ) 2 (a 2  b 2 ) 2 (a 2  b 3 ) 2
 
a 2 b2  2 m2 a 2 1  b 2  2 a 2 m1  b 2 m 2
(a 3  b1 ) 2 (a 3  b 2 ) 2 (a 3  b3 ) 2

a1 b1 c1 1 m1 n1 = 2(a1 – a2) (a2 – a3) (a3 – a1) (b1 – b2) (b2 – b3) (b3 – b1).
a 2 b 2 c2 ×  2 m 2 n 2
a 3 b 3 c3  3 m3 n 3 (a1  b1 ) 2 (a1  b 2 ) 2 (a1  b3 ) 2
Sol. (a 2  b1 ) 2 (a 2  b 2 ) 2 (a 2  b 3 )2
a11  b1 2  c1 3 a1m1  b1 m 2  c1m3 a1n1  b1n 2  c1n 3 (a 3  b1 ) 2 (a 3  b 2 ) 2 (a 3  b 3 ) 2
= a 2 1  b 2  2  c 2  3 a 2 m1  b2 m 2  c 2 m3 a 2 n1  b 2 n 2  c2 n 3
a 3 1  b3  2  c3  3 a 3 m1  b3 m 2  c3 m3 a 3 n1  b 3 n 2  c 3 n 3
a12  b12  2a1 b1 a12  b 2 2  2a1b 2 a12  b 3 2  2a1 b3
= a 2 2  b12  2a 2 b1 a 2 2  b 2 2  2a 2 b 2 a 2 2  b 32  2a 2 b 3
Note : As |A| = |A|, we have |A| |B| = |AB| (row - row a 32  b12  2a 3 b1 a 32  b 2 2  2a 3 b 2 a 32  b 32  2a 3 b3
method)
|A| |B| = |AB| (column - column method)
a12 1 2a1 1 1 1
|A| |B| = |AB| (column - row method) 2 2 2
= a 2 2 1 2a 2 b
× 1 b 2 b 3

a 32 1 2a 3 b1 b 2 b3
SOLVED EXAMPLE

Example-4 1 a 12 a 1 1 b12 b1
= 2 1 a 2 2 a 2 × 1 b2 2 b2
1 2 3 0 1 a 32 a 3 1 b 32 b3
Find the value of × and prove that it
1 3 1 4
= 2(a1 – a2) (a2 – a3) (a3 – a1) (b1 – b2) (b2 – b3) (b3 – b1)
1 8
is equal to . Note : The above problem can also be solved using
6 12
factor theorem method.
1 2 3 0
Sol. ×
1 3 1 4 SUMMATION OF DETERMINANTS :

1 3  2 1 1 0  2  4 1 8 f(r) g(r) h(r)

= 1  3  3  (1) 1  0  3  4 = 6 12 = 60
Let (r) = a1 a 2 a 3 where a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3
b1 b 2 b3
Example-5
are constants indepedent of r, then
a1 x1  b1 y1 a1 x 2  b1 y 2 a1 x 3  b1 y3
Prove that a 2 x1  b 2 y1 a 2 x 2  b 2 y 2 a 2 x 3  b 2 y3 = 0 n n n
a 3 x1  b3 y1 a 3 x 2  b3 y 2 a 3 x 3  b3 y 3  f (r)  g(r)  h(r)
r 1 r 1 r 1
n
Sol. Given determinant can be splitted into product of two   (r) = a1 a2 a3
determinants r 1 b1 b2 b3

a1 x1  b1 y1 a1 x 2  b1 y 2 a1 x 3  b1 y3
i.e. a 2 x1  b 2 y1 a 2 x 2  b 2 y 2 a 2 x 3  b 2 y3
a 3 x1  b3 y1 a 3 x 2  b3 y 2 a 3 x 3  b3 y 3 Here the functions of r can be the elements of only one
row or column. None of the elements other then that
row or column should be dependent on r. If more than
a1 b1 c1 x1 x 2 x 3
one column or row have elements dependent on r then
= a 2 b 2 c2 × y1 y 2 y3 = 0
0 0 0 first expand the determinant and then find the
a 3 b 3 c3
summation.

Determinants
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3 2 1
SOLVED EXAMPLE f(x) = 12 12x 12x 2

1 a a2
Example-7
3 2 1
n 2r  1 n C r 2r 2
 f(a) = 12 1 a a = 0.
Evaluate 
r 1
x cos 
2
y 1 a a2
2 n n 1
n 2 –1 2 – 2
Example-10
n n n
Let  be a repeated root of quadratic equation f(x) = 0
 (2r 1)  n
Cr 2 r n n n
n
 (2r  1)  n 2 r
and A(x), B(x) and C(x) be polynomial of
 Dr =
r 1 r 1 r 1 Cr
Sol : x cos  2
y r 1 r 1 r 1 degree 3, 4 and 5 respectively, then show that
r 1 x cos2  y
n2 2n –1 2n 1 – 2
n2 2n  1 2n 1  2 A(x) B(x) C(x)
A( ) B( ) C( ) divisible by f(x).
A ( ) B ( ) C ( )
n 2 2n  1 2n 1  2
A(x) B(x) C(x)
= x cos 
2
y =0
Sol. Let g(x) = A( ) B( ) C( )
n 2  1 2n 1  2
2 n
A ( ) B ( ) C ( )

A (x) B(x) C(x)

Example-8
 g(x) = A( ) B( ) C()
r 1 1 0 A ( ) B( ) C( )
n
If r = 2 r 3  r , find  r Since g() = g() = 0
r  1 1 2 r 1  g(x) = (x – )2 h(x) i.e.  is the repeated root of g(x)
and h(x) is any polynomial expression of degree 3.
Sol. On expansion of determinent, we get Also f(x) = 0 have repeated root . So g(x) is
Dr = (r –1) (3 – r) + 7 + r2 + 4r = 8r + 4 divisible by f(x).
n
 
r 1
 r = 4n (n + 2) INTEGRATION OF A DETERMINANT :
f (x) g(x) h(x)
DIFFERENTIATION OF DETERMINANT : Let (x) = a1 b1 c1 where a , b , c , a , b , c
1 1 1 2 2 2
a2 b2 c2
f1 (x) f 2 (x) f3 (x)
Let (x) = g1 (x) g 2 (x) g 3 (x) are constants independent of x. Hence
h1 (x) h 2 (x) h 3 (x) b b b

f1(x) f 2 (x) f3(x) b


a
f (x) dx 
a
g(x) dx a
h(x) dx

then (x) = g1 (x) g 2 (x) g 3 (x)   (x) dx = a1 b1 c1

h1 (x) h 2 (x) h 3 (x) a a2 b2 c2
f1 (x) f 2 (x) f3 (x) f1 (x) f 2 (x) f3 (x)
+ g1 (x) g 2 (x) g 3 (x) + g1 (x) g 2 (x) g 3 (x) Note : If more than one row or one column are function
h1 (x) h 2 (x) h 3 (x) h1 (x) h 2 (x) h 3 (x)
of x then first expand the determinant and then integrate it.
Note : We can differentiate a determinant columnwise
also.
SOLVED EXAMPLE
SOLVED EXAMPLE Example-11
Example-9 cos x 1 0 /2

3 2 1 If f(x)= 1 2 cos x 1 , then find  f (x) dx

2 3 4 0 1 2cos x 0
If f(x) = 6x 2x x , then find the value of f(a).
2
1 a a Sol. Here f(x) = cos x (4 cos2x – 1) –2 cos x = 4 cos3x –
3 2 1 /2 sin 3x 
/2
1
Sol: f(x) = 12x 6x 2 4x 3 3 cos x = cos 3x so  cos 3x dx =
3  0
=–
3
1 a a2 0

Determinants
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JEE - MATHEMATICS

(c) If D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0, then the given system of

Example-12 equations have either infinite solutions or no
 2  1 2  2  2  3 1
solution. (For 2 × 2 system, D = 0 = D1 = D2
 system has infinitely many solutions).
If = 6 4 3 , then find   (x) dx
x x2 x3 0 (d) If D = 0 but atleast one of D1, D2, D3 is not zero
then the equations are inconsistent and have no
solution.
All the cofactors of D1, D2 and D3
1 2  1 2  2 2 3 are zero, then system
will have infinite solutions
Sol. 0
 (x) dx =
1
6
1
4
1
3
All zeros

  
Cofactors of atleast one of D1, D2 and D3
x dx x 2 dx x 3 dx is non zero, then system will have
0 0 0 Cofactors of D no solution.

Atleast one non zero, then system

will have infinite solutions

 2  1 2  2  2  3
6 4 3 Homogeneous system :
= 1 1 1 a1x + b1y + c1z = 0
2 3 4 a2x + b2y + c2z = 0
a3x + b3y + c3z = 0
 2  1 2  2  2  3
1 (x, y, z) = (0, 0, 0) is always a solution of this system.
= 6 4 3 =0
12 6 4 3 This solution is called as the trivial solution
(or zero solution) of this system.
D  0  this system has only the trivial solution.
CRAMER'S RULE: SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS : D = 0  this system has nontrivial solutions (infinitely
(i) Two variables many solutions).
Let a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 & a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 then: Three equation in two variables :
a1 b c If x and y are not zero, then condition for a1x+b1y+c1=0;
 1  1  Given equations are inconsistent
a2 b2 c2 a 2x + b 2y + c 2 = 0 &
a1 b c a3x + b3y + c3 = 0 to be consistent in x and y is
&  1  1   Given equations are a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2
consistent a 2 b 2 c2 = 0.
(ii) Three variables a 3 b 3 c3
consider the system
a 1x + b 1y + c 1z = d 1
a 2x + b 2y + c 2z = d 2
SOLVED EXAMPLE
a 3x + b 3y + c 3z = d 3
Example-13
Then, D.x = D1, D.y = D2, D.z = D3 Find the nature of solution for the given system of
a1 b1 c1 d1 b1 c1 equations.
a
Where D = 2 b 2 c 2 ;D = d 2 b2 c2 ; x + 2y + 3z = 1
1
a 3 b 3 c3 d 3 b 3 c3 2x + 3y + 4z = 3
a1 d1 c1 a1 b1 d1 3x + 4y + 5z = 0
a
D2 = 2 d c 2 &D = a b2 d 2
2
3
2
1 2 3
a 3 d 3 c3 a 3 b3 d 3
Sol. Let D = 2 3 4
3 4 5
Consistency of a system of equations
(a) If D  0 and alteast one of D1, D2, D3  0, then the apply C1  C1 – C2 , C2  C2 – C3
given system of equations are consistent and have
1 1 3
unique non trivial solution.
D = 1 1 4 = 0
(b) If D  0 & D1 = D2 = D3 = 0, then the given system
1 1 5
of equations are consistent and have trivial
solution only. D=0
Determinants
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1 2 3 6 1 1 1 6 1
Now, D1 = 3 3 4 10 2 3
D1 = D2 = 1 10 3
0 4 5  2  1  
C3  C3 – C2
1 1 6
1 2 1
D1 = 3 3 1 D3 = 1 2 10
1 2 
0 4 1

R1  R1 – R2 , R2  R 2 – R 3 If  = 3 then D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 for µ = 10
(i) For unique solution D  0
2 1 0 i.e.   3
D1 = 3 1 0 = 5 (ii) For infinite solutions
0 4 1
D = 0  = 3
D = 0 But D1  0 Hence no solution D1 = D2 = D3 = 0  µ = 10.
(iii) For no solution
Example-14 D=0=3
Solve the following system of equations Atleast one of D1, D2 or D3 is non zero
x+y+z=2  µ  10.
2x + 2y + 2z = 4
3x + 3y + 3z = 6
APPLICATION OF DETERMINANTS :
1 1 1 Following examples of short hand writing large
Sol.  D= 2 2 2 =0 expressions are:
3 3 3 (i) Area of a triangle whose vertices are (xr, yr);
D1 = 0, D2 = 0, D3 = 0 r = 1, 2, 3 is:
All the cofactors of D, D1, D2 and D3 are all zeros, hence
x1 y1 1
the system will have infinite solutions. 1 x
D= y2 1
Let z = t1, y = t2  x = 2 – t1 – t2 2 x3
2
y3 1
where t1, t2  R.
If D = 0 then the three points are collinear.
Example-15
(ii) Equation of a straight line passing through (x1, y1)
Consider the following system of equations
x+y+z=6 x y 1
x + 2y + 3z = 10 & (x2, y2) is x1 y1 1 = 0
x + 2y + z =  x2 y2 1
Find values of  and  if such that sets of equation
(iii) The lines: a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ........ (1)
have
a 2x + b 2y + c 2 = 0 ........ (2)
(i) unique solution
a 3x + b 3y + c 3 = 0 ........ (3)
(ii) infinite solution
(iii) no solution a1 b1 c1
Sol. x+y+z=6 are concurrent if, a 2 b 2 c 2 = 0.
x + 2y + 3z = 10 a 3 b 3 c3
x + 2y + z = 
Condition for the consistency of three simultaneous
1 1 1 linear equations in 2 variables.
(iv) ax² + 2 hxy + by² + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 represents a
D= 1 2 3
1 2  pair of straight lines if:

Here for  = 3 second and third rows are identical hence a h g

D = 0 for  = 3. abc + 2 fgh  af²  bg²  ch² = 0 = h b f
g f c

Determinants
32
JEE - MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE-I

ELEMENTRY Q.6 The cofactor of the element '4' in the determinant

Minor cofactors & expansion of determinant
1 3 5 1
1 a a2 2 3 4 2
2
Q.1 1 b b  8 0 1 1 is
2
1 c c 0 2 1 1

(1) a 2  b 2  c 2 (1) 4 (2) 10

(3) – 10 (4) – 4
(2) (a  b) (b  c) (c  a)
(3) (a  b)(b  c)(c  a) a1 b1 c1
(4) a + b + c Q.7 If   a2 b2 c2 and A1 , B1 , C1 denote the
a3 b3 c3
1 1 1
Q.2 The determinant 1 2 3 is not equal to co-factors of a1 , b1 ,c1 respectively, then the value of
1 3 6
A1 B1 C1
2 1 1 2 1 1 A2 B2 C2
the determinant is
(1) 2 2 3 (2) 3 2 3 A3 B3 C3
2 3 6 4 3 6 (1)  (2) 2
(3) 3 (4) 0
1 2 1 3 1 1
(3) 1 5 3 (4) 6 2 3 5 6 3
1 9 6 10 3 6 Q.8 If A  4 3
2 , then cofactors of the elements
4 7 3
1  2 of 2nd row are
2
Q.3 If  is the cube root of unity, then   1 = (1) 39, – 3, 11 (2) – 39, 3, 11
 2
1  (3) – 39, 27, 11 (4) – 39, – 3, 11

(1) 1 (2) 0 Q.9 The minors of – 4 and 9 and the co-factors of – 4 and 9
(3)  (4) 2
1 2 3
in determinant 4 5 6 are respectively
x 1 3 5
7 8 9
Q.4 If 2 x2 5  0 , then x =
2 3 x4 (1) 42, 3 ; – 42, 3 (2) – 42, – 3 ; 42, –3
(3) 42, 3 ; – 42, - 3 (4) 42, 3; 42, 3
(1) 1, 9 (2) –1, 9
(3) –1, –9 (4) 1, –9
Properties of determinant

a  b a  2b a  3b b 2  c2 a2 a2
Q.5 a  2b a  3b a  4b  Q.10 b2 c2  a 2 b2 
a  4b a  5b a  6b c 2
c 2
a b2 2

(1) a 2  b2  c2  3abc (2) 3ab (1) abc (2) 4abc

(3) 3a + 5b (4) 0 (3) 4a2b2c2 (4) a2b2c2
Determinants
33
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

yz x y yz xz x y

Q.11 If zx z x  k(x  y  z)(x  z)2 , then k =
Q.18 If y  z z  x y  x  k xyz , then the value of k is
xy y z zy zx xy
(1) 2xyz (2) 1
(3) xyz (4) x2y2z2 (1) 2 (2) 4
1 a 1 1 (3) 6 (4) 8
Q.12 1
If a  b  c 1 1
 0 such that 1 1  b 1  .
Application of determinant
1 1 1 c
then the value of  is Q.19 x  ky  z  0,3x  ky  z  0 and x  3y  z  0 has
(1) 0 (2) abc non-zero solution for k =
(3) – abc (4) 2abc (1) – 1 (2) 0
(3) 1 (4) 2
Q.13 If a 2  b2  c 2  2

1 a2x (1  b 2 )x (1  c 2 )x Q.20 The number of solutions of equations x  y  z  0 ,

and f (x)  (1  a 2 )x 1  b2 x (1  c 2 )x then f(x) 3x  y  z  0, x  3y  z  0 is
2 2 2
(1  a )x (1  b )x 1 c x (1) 0 (2) 1
(3) 2 (4) Infinite
is a polynomial of degree
(1) 3 (2) 2
(3) 1 (4) 0 Q.21 If the system of equations, x  2y  3z  1 ,
2
4 x 6 2 (k  3)z  3, (2k  1)x  z  0 is inconsistent, then the
2
Q.14 The determinant 6 9 x 3 is not value of k is
2 3 1 x 2 (1) – 3 (2) 1/2
(3) 0 (4) 2
divisible by
(1) x (2) x3
(3) 14 + x2 (4) x5 Q.22 If the system of equation
3x  2y  z  0 , x  14y  15z  0 , x  2y  3z  0
Q.15 The value of the determinant
have a non-trivial solution, then  
0 b3  a 3 c3  a 3 (1) 5 (2) – 5
a 3  b3 0 c3  b3 is equal to (3) – 29 (4) 29
a 3  c3 b 3  c3 0
Q.23 The existence of the unique solution of the system
(1) a  b  c
3 3 3 (2) a  b  c
3 3 3
x  y  z  , 5x  y  z  10 , 2x  3y  z  6
(3) 0 (4) a 3  b3  c3 depends on
(1)  only (2)  only
1  sin 2  sin 2  sin 2  (3)  and  both (4) neither  nor 
Q.16 cos 2  1  cos 2  cos 2   0
4sin 4 4sin 4 1  4sin 4 Q.24 The system of equations xyz 2 ,

then sin 4 equal to 3x  y  2z  6 and 3x  y  z  18 has

(1) 1/2 (2) 1 (1) A unique solution
(3) –1/2 (4) –1 (2) No solutions
(3) An infinite number of solutions
x  3 2x 2  18 3x 3  81 (4) Zero solution as the only solution
2 3
Q.17 If f (x)  x  5 2x  50 4x  500 then
1 2 3 Q.25 If the system of equations x  ay  0, az  y  0 and
ax  z  0 has infinite solutions, then the value of a is
f (1).f (3)  f (3).f (5)  f (5).f (1) =
(1) – 1 (2) 1
(1) f(1) (2) f(3)
(3) f(1) + f(3) (4) f(1) + f(5) (3) 0 (4) No real values
Determinants
34
JEE - MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE-II

a11 a12 a13 Q.6 If a, b, c > 0 & x, y, z  R, then the determinant

Q.1 Let 0 = a 21 a 22 a 23 and let 1 denote the
a 32 a 32 a 33 a a  a a 
x x 2 x x 2
1

determinant formed by the cofactors of elements of 0

b b  b b 
y y 2 y y 2
1 =
and 2 denote the determinant formed by the cofactor c c  c c 
z z 2 z z 2
1
at 1 similarly n denotes the determinant formed by
the cofactors at n – 1 then the determinant value of n (1) axbycz (2) axbycz
is (3) a2xb 2yc2z (4) zero
n
(1) 20n (2) 20
b1c 1 c 1 a 1 a1b1
2
(3) n0 (4) 20 Q.7 The determinant b 2 c 2 c 2 a 2 a 2 b 2 =
b 3 c 3 c 3 a 3 a 3 b 3
Q.2 Three distinct points P(3u2, 2u3) ; Q(3v2, 2v3) and
R(3w2, 2w3) are collinear then a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
(1) uv + vw + wu = 0 (2) uv + vw + wu = 3
(3) uv + vw + wu = 2 (4) uv + ww + wu = 1 (1) a 2 b 2 c2 (2) 2 a 2 b 2 c2
a 3 b3 c3 a 3 b3 c3

a b c
Q.3 Let a determinant is given by A = p q r and a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
x y z (3) 3 a 2 b2 c2 (4) 4 a 2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3
a3 b3 c3
px q y rz
suppose that det. A = 6. If B = a  x b  y c  z
ap bq cr
x xy xyz
then
(1) det. B = 6 (2) det. B = – 6 Q.8 If x, y, z  R &  = 2x 5 x  2y 7 x  5 y  2z =
(3) det. B = 12 (4) det. B = – 12 3 x 7 x  3 y 9 x  7 y  3z

Q.4 T he abso lut e value of t he determinant  16 then value of x is

(1)  2 (2)  3
1 2 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
3  2 2 2  2 2 1
is:
3 2 2 2  2 2 1 b1c 1 c 1 a 1 a1b1
Q.9 The determinant b 2 c 2 c 2 a 2 a 2 b 2 =
(1) 16 2 (2) 8 2 b 3 c 3 c 3 a 3 a 3 b 3
(3) 8 (4) 4 2
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
Q.5 If ,  &  are the roots of the equation x3 + px + q = (1) a 2 b2 c2 (2) 2 a 2 b2 c2
   a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3
0, then the value of the determinant    =
   a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
(3) 3 a 2 b2 c2 (4) 4 a 2 b2 c2
(1) p (2) q
(3) p2  2q (4) 0 a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3
Determinants
35
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

Q.15 The values of  for which the following equations

x xy xyz
sinx – cosy + (+1)z = 0; cosx + siny – z = 0;
Q.10 If x, y, z  R &  = 2x 5 x  2y 7x  5y  2z =
x +( + 1)y + cos z = 0
3 x 7 x  3 y 9 x  7 y  3z
have non trivial solution, is
 16 then value of x is (1)  = n,  R – {0}
(1)  2 (2)  3 (2)  = 2n,  is any rational number
(3) 2 (4) 3
(3)  = (2n + 1),   R+, n  I
Q.11 The determinant

(4)  = (2n + 1) ,   R, n  I
cos (  )  sin ( ) cos 2 2
sin  cos  sin  is:
 cos  sin  cos  Q.16 The system of equations
x – y cos  + z cos 2 = 0
(1) 0
– x cos  + y – z cos  = 0
(2) independent of 
x cos 2 – y cos  + z = 0
(3) independent of 
has non trivial solution for  equals
(4) independent of  &  both

(1) n only, n  I (2) n + only, n  I
sin  cos  sin  sin  cos  4
Q.12 Let = cos  cos  cos  sin   sin  , then

 sin  sin  sin  cos  0 (3) (2n – 1) only, n  I (4) all value of 
2
(1)  is independent of 
(2)  is indepedent of  Q.17 If a, b, c are non zeros, then the system of equations
(3)  is a constant ( + a) x + y + z = 0
(4)  is dependent of  x + ( + b)y + z = 0
x + y + ( + c)z = 0
cos (x  y) cos (y  z) cos ( z  x) has a non-trivial solution if
Q.13 The determinant cos (x  y) cos (y  z) cos (z  x) (1) –1 = – (a –1 + b –1 + c–1) (2) –1 = a + b + c
sin (x  y) sin (y  z) sin ( z  x) (3)  + a + b + c = 1 (4) none of these

= Q.18 The system of equation  2x + y + z = 1, x  2y + z =

(1) 2 sin (x  y) sin (y  z) sin (z  x) 2, x + y + z = 4 will have no solution if
(2)  2 sin (x  y) sin (y  z) sin (z  x) (1)  =  2 (2)  = 1
(3) 2 cos (x  y) cos (y  z) cos (z  x) (3)  = 3 (4) none of these
(4)  2 cos (x  y) cos (y  z) cos (z  x)
Q.19 If the system of equations x – 2y + z = a; 2x + y – 2z =
1 a2  a 4 1  ab  a 2b 2 1  ac  a 2c 2 b and x + 3y – 3z = c have atleast one solution, then the
2 2
1  b2  b4 1  bc  b 2c 2 relationship between a, b and c is
Q.14  = 1  ab  a b
(1) a + b + c = 0 (2) a – b + c = 0
1  ac  a 2c 2 1  bc  b 2 c 2 1 c2  c 4
(3) – a + b + c = 0 (4) a + b – c = 0

is equal to
Q.20 If the system of linear equations
2 4 2 2 2 2 x + 2ay + az = 0
1 a  a 1  ab  a b 1  ac  a c
 = 1  ab  a b
2 2
1 b  b 2 4
1  bc  b 2c 2 x + 3by + bz = 0
1  ac  a c 1  bc  b 2 c 2
2 2
1 c2  c 4 x + 4cy + cz = 0
(1) (a – b) 2 (b – c)2 (c – a)2 has a non-zero solution, then a, b, c
(2) 2(a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
(3) 4(a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (1) are in G..P. (2) are in H.P.
(4) (a + b + c) 3 (3) satisfy a + 2b + 3c = 0 (4) are in A.P.
Determinants
36
JEE - MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE-III

MCQ/COMPREHENSION/COLUMN/NUMERICAL Q.6 Suppose a 1, a2, a3 are in A.P. and b1, b2, b3 are in
a x
e xna
x 2 H.P. and let
3 x 3 xna
Q.1 If f(x) = a e x 4 , then a1  b1 a1  b 2 a1  b 3
a 5 x e 5 xna 1  = a 2  b1 a 2  b 2 a 2  b3 , then
a3  b1 a3  b 2 a3  b3
(A) f2(x) – f2(– x) = 0 (B) f(x) . f(– x) = 0
(C) f(x) + f(– x) = 0 (D) f(x) – f(– x) = 0 (A)  is independent of a1, a 2, a 3,
1 x x 2 (B) a1  , a 2  2, a 3  3 are in A.P.
Q.2 Let  = x
2
1 x , then (C) b 1 + , b 2 + 2, b 3 +  are in H.P.
x x 2
1 (D)  is independent of b 1, b 2, b 3

(A) 1 – x3 is a factor of 
(B) (1 – x3)2 is factor of 
(C) (x) = 0 has 4 real roots x a b
(D) (1) = 0 Q.7 Let a, b > 0 and  = b x a , then
a b x
Q.3 If p, q, r, s are in A.P. and
p  sin x q  sin x p  r  sin x
f (x) = q  sin x r  sin x  1  sin x such (A) a + b – x is a factor of 
r  sin x s  sin x s  q  sin x (B) x2 + (a + b)x + a2 + b2 – ab is a factor of 
2 (C)  = 0 has three real roots if a = b
that  f (x)d x = – 4 then the common difference of the (D) a + b + x is a factor of 
0
A.P. can be
(A)  1 (B) 1/2
(C) 1 (D) 2 b c b  c
x 2y  z z Q.8 The determinent  = c d c  d
y 2x  z z b  c c  d a 3  c
Q.4 If  = , then
y 2y  z 2 x  2y  z
(A) x – y is a factor of  is equal to zero if
(B) (x – y)2 is a factor of  (A) b, c, d are in A.P.
(C) (x – y)3 is a factor of  (B) b, c, d are in G.P.
(D)  is independent of z
(C) b, c, d are in H.P.
(D)  is a root of ax3 – bx2 – 3cx – d = 0
bc a b
Q.5 Let D1 = c  a c a and
ab b c
a 2 (1  x ) ab ac
( b  c) 2
a 2
bc Q.9 The determinant  = ab 2
b (1  x ) bc
2
b2 ac bc c 2 (1  x )
D2 = ( c  a ) ca
(a  b ) 2 c2 ab
is divisible by
The divisor which is common to both D1 and D2 is (A) x + 3 (B) (1 + x)2
(A) (a – b) (B) (ab + bc + ca) (C) x2 (D) x2 + 1
(C) a + b + c (D) (c – a)
Determinants
37
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

Q.10 If D is a determinant of order three and  is a deter- Q.13 If  are fixed, then y = Ax () represents
minant formed by the cofactors of determinant D ; (A) a straight line parallel to x-axis
(B) a straight line through the origin
then (C) a parabola with vertex at origin
(A)  = D2 (D) None of these
(B) D = 0 implies  = 0
(C) if D = 27, then  is perfect cube Comprehension # 2 (Q. No. 14 & 15)
(D) if D = 27, then  is perfect square Let , ,  be the roots of the cubic x3 + ax2 + bx + c =
Comprehension # 1 (Q. No. 11 & 13) 0, which (taken in given order) are in G.P. If  and 
For R. Let 2 1 2
are such that 1     = 0, then
cos(  ) sin(  ) 1 4   3    1
cos(  ) sin(  ) 1
A () = Q.14 The value of a + b + c equals
cos(   ) sin(   ) 1 (A) 0 (B) 1
(C) –1 (D) 2
Q.11 If a = A/2 (), b = A/3 (). Which of the
100  r r
following is true
Q.15
    a 
If S =      
 , then S equals
(A) a = b (B) a < b 
r 1     b 
(C) a > b (D) 2a = b

1 1  4 1 
Q.12 A2 + A2 – 2(A)2 equals (A) 1  100  (B) 1  100 
3 2  3 2 
(A) –2AA (B) A+ A
(C) A– A (D) None of these 8 1  2 1 
(C) 1  100  (D) 1  100 
3 2  3 2 
Q.16 Consider a square matrix A of order 2 which has its elements as 0,1,2 and 4.
Let N denote the number of such matrices, all elements of which are distinct.
Column - I Column - II

(A) Possible non-negative value of det(A) is (p) 2

(B) Sum of values of determinants corresponding to N matrices is (q) 4

(C) If absolute value of (det(A)) is least, then possible value of | adj(adj(adj A)) | (r) –2

(D) If det (A) is algebraically least, then possible value of det(4A–1) is (s) 0
(t) 8

py
Q.17 Consider a system of linear equations 3x + y – z = 0, x – + z = 2 and 2x – y + 2z = q where
4
p, q  I and p, q  [1, 10], then identify the correct statement(s).
List-I List-II
(P) Number of ordered pairs (p, q) for which system of equation (1) 1
has unique solution is
(Q) Number of ordered pairs (p, q) for which system of equation (2) 9
has no solution is
(R) Number of ordered pairs (p, q) for which system of equation (3) 10
has infinite solutions is
(S) Number of ordered pairs (p, q) for which system of equation (4) 90
has atleast one solution is (5) 91
(A) P  4; Q  2; R  1; S  5
(B) P  4; Q  3; R  1; S  4
(C) P  4; Q  3; R  2; S  5
(D) P  4; Q  2; R  2; S  4
Determinants
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JEE - MATHEMATICS

NUMERICAL VALUE BASED

Q.22 The number of distinct real roots of
1 3 5
Q.18 3 1 4 = sin x cos x cos x 
5 4 1 cos x sin x cos x  0 in the interval 0  x  is
cos x cos x sin x 4

Q.19 If a 2  b 2  c2  2 and 1 a bc 1 a a2
Q.23 The value of 1 b ca  1 b b 2 is
1  a 2 x 1  b 2  x 1  c 2  x 1 c ab 1 c c2
f  x   1  a 2  x 1  b 2 x 1  c 2  x ,
1  a 2  x 1  b2  x 1  c2 x
Q.24 For what value of 2k/33 the equations
then f  x  is a polynomial of degree
x  ky  3z  0, 3x  ky  2z  0, 2x  3y  4z  0
Q.20 The system of equations
possess a nontrival solution over the set of rationals ?
x  y  z    1
x  y  z    1 Q.25 If 2s = a + b + c and
x  y  z    1

has no solution , if absolute value of  is a2 (s  a) 2 (s  a) 2

(s  b) 2 b2 (s  b) 2  ks 3 (s  a)(s  b)(s  c)
Q.21 If a1 , a 2 , a 3 ,.........a n ...... are in G.P, then the determinant (s  c)2 (s  c) 2 c2

log a n log a n 1 log a n 2 then the numerical quantity k should be

  log a n 3 log a n 4 log a n 5 is equal to
log a n 6 log a n 7 log a n 8

EXERCISE-IV

JEE-MAIN Q.3 Let  be a complex nubmer such taht 2 + 1 = z where

PREVIOUS YEAR’S 1 1 1
Q.1 The system of linear equation
1   1  2
2
[JEE Main-2016] z= 3 . If = 3k, then K is eqal to :
1 2 7
x   y  z  0 ; x  y  z  0 ; x  y  z  0
has a non-trivial solution for: [JEE Main-2017]
(1) infinitely many values of λ (1) 1 (2) – z (3) z (4) – 1
(2) exactly one value of λ
Q.4 If the system of linear equations
(3) exactly two values of λ x + ky + 3z = 0 ; 3x + ky – 2z = 0 ; 2x + 4y – 3z = 0
(4) exactly three values of λ xz
has a non-zero solution (x , y, z), then 2 is equal to :
y
Q.2 If S is the set of distinct values of 'b' for which the [JEE Main-2018]
following system of linear equations. (1) 10 (2) – 30 (3) 30 (4) – 10
x + y + z = 1 , x + ay + z = 1 , ax + by + z = 0 2 4d (sin )  2 
has no. solution, then S is : [JEE Main-2017] Q.5 Let d  R, and A =  1 (sin )  2 d ,

 5 (2sin )  d (  sin )  2  2d
(1) a singleton
(2) an empty set  [0,2] . If the minimum value of det (A) is 8, then a
(3) an infinite set value of d is: [JEE Main - 2019 (January)]
(4) a finite set containing two or more elements.
(1) – 5 (2) – 7 (3) 2  
2  1 (4) 2  22 
Determinants
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 JEE - MATHEMATICS

Q.6 The system of linear equation Then the number of elements in S, is :

x + y + z = 2, 2x + 3y + 2z = 5, 2x + 3y + (a2 – 1)z = a + 1 [JEE Main - 2019 (January)]
then [JEE Main - 2019 (January)] (1) 4 (2) infinitely many
(1) is inconsistent when a=4 (3) 2 (4) 10
(2) has a unique solution for a  3
a bc 2a 2a
(3) has infinitely many solutions for a = 4
Q.13 If 2b bca 2b
(4) inconsistent when a  3 2c 2c cab
= (a + b + c) (x + a + b + c)2 , and a + b + c  0, then x is
Q.7 If the system of linear equation x – 4y + 7z = g, 3y – 5z equal to : [JEE Main - 2019 (January)]
= h, –2x + 5y – 9z = k is consistent, then : (1) abc (2) –(a + b + c)
[JEE Main - 2019 (January)] (3) 2(a + b + c) (4) –2(a + b + c)
(1) g + h + k = 0 (2) 2g + h + k = 0
(3) g + h + 2k = 0 (4) g + 2h + k = 0 Q.14 An ordered pair (, ) for which the system of linear
equations
(1 + )x + y + z = 2
e t e  t cos t e t sin t  x + (1 + )y + z = 3
 t t t t t  x + y + 2z = 2
e e cos t  e sin t e sin t  e cos t 
Q.8 If A =  t has a unique solution, is:
e
 2e t sin t 2e t cos t 
 [JEE Main - 2019 (January)]
Then A is [JEE Main - 2019 (January)] (1) (2,4) (2) (–3, 1) (3) (–4,2) (4) (1,–3)

(1) invertible only if t   1 sin  1 
2   sin 
(2) not invertible for any t  R Q.15 If A =  1 sin  ; then for all
(3) invertible for all t  R
 1  sin  1 
(4) invertible only if t = 
 3 5 
Q.9 If the system of equations    ,  , det (A) lies in the interval:
 4 4
x+y+z=5
[JEE Main - 2019 (January)]
x + 2y + 3z = 9
x + 3y + z =   5 5   3 3 
has infinitely many solutions, then  –  equals: (1)  1,  (2)  , 4 (3)  0,  (4)  ,3
2  2 2  2 
[JEE Main - 2019 (January)] Q.16 The set of all values of  for which the system of linear
(1) 21 (2) 8 (3) 18 (4) 5 equations [JEE Main - 2019 (January)]
x – 2y – 2z =x
Q.10 The number of values of ) for which the system x + 2y + z =y
of linear equations –x – y =z
x + 3y + 7z = 0 (1) is a singleton
–x + 4y + 7z = 0 (2) contains exactly two elements
(sin 3)x + cos 2) + 2z = 0 has a non-trivial solution, is (3) is an empty set
[JEE Main - 2019 (January)] (4) contains more than two elements
(1) three (2) two (3) four (4) one
Q.17 The greatest value of c  R for which the system of
2 b 1 linear equations [JEE Main - 2019(April)]
Let A  b b  1 b where b > 0. Then the minimum
 2 x – cy – cz = 0
Q.11
  cx – y + cz = 0
1 b 2
cx + cy – z = 0
det  A  has a non-trivial solution, is :
value of is : [JEE Main - 2019 (January)] (1) 1/2 (2) –1 (3) 0 (4) 2
b
(1) 2 3 (2) 2 3 (3)  3 (4) 3 Q.18 Let the number 2, b, c be in an A.P. and
1 1 1
Q.12 Let a1, a2, a3,...a10 be in G.P. with ai > 0 for i = 1, 2,...10 and A  2 b c  . If det (A) [2,16], then c
S be the set of pairs (r, k), r, k  N(the set of natural  2 
4 b c2 
numbers) for which
lies in the interval :
log e a1r a k2 log e a r2 a 3k log e a 3k a k4 [JEE Main - 2019(April)]
log e a r4 a 5k log e a 5k a 6k log e a 6k a 7k  0 (1) [2, 3) (2) (2 + 23/4, 4)
(3) [3, 2 + 23/4] (4) [4, 6]
log e a 7k a 8k log e a 8k a 9k log e a 9k a10
k

Determinants
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JEE - MATHEMATICS

Q.19 Let  and  be the roots of the equation x2 + x + 1 = 0. Q.25 A value of   (0, /3), for which
Then for y  0 in R, [JEE Main - 2019(April)]
1  cos 2  sin 2  4 cos 6
y 1   cos 2  1  sin 2  4 cos 6  0, is :
 y 1 is equal to cos 2  sin 2  1  4 cos 6
 1 y
[JEE Main - 2019(April)]
(1) y3 (2) y3 – 1 (3) y(y2 – 1) (4) y(y2 – 3)
7   7
(1) (2) (3) (4)
24 18 9 36
Q.20 If the system of equations 2x + 3y – z = 0,
x + ky – 2z = 0 and 2x – y + z = 0 has a non-trival solution
Q.26 If the system of linear equations
x y z
(x, y, z), then   + k is equal to : [JEE Main - 2019(April)]
y z x x – 2y + kz =1
[JEE Main - 2019(April)] 2x + y + z = 2
3 1 1 3x – y – kz = 3
(1) (2) –4 (3) (4) – has a solution (x, y, z), z  0, then (x, y) lies on the
4 2 4
straight line whose equation is :
x sin  cos  (1) 3x – 4y – 1 = 0 (2) 3x – 4y – 4 = 0
Q.21 If 1 =  sin   x 1 and (3) 4x – 3y – 4 = 0 (4) 4x – 3y – 1 = 0
cos  1 x
Q.27 If the system of linear equations
x sin 2 cos 2 2x + 2ay + az = 0
2 =  sin 2  x 1 , x  0; 2x + 3by + bz = 0
cos 2 1 x 2x + 4cy + cz = 0
  where a, b, c  R are non-zero and distinct; has a
then for all    0,  : non-zero solution, then [JEE Main-2020 (January)]
 2
[JEE Main - 2019(April)] 1 1 1
(1) a, b, c are in A.P. (2) , , are in A.P..
(1) 1 – 2 = x (cos 2 – cos 4) a b c
(2) 1 + 2 = – 2x3 (3) a + b + c = 0 (4) a, b, c are in G.P.
(3) 1 – 2 = – 2x3
(4) 1 + 2 = – 2(x3 + x – 1) Q.28 Let A = [aij] and B = [bij] be two 3 × 3 real matrices such
that bij = (3)(i + j– 2) aji, where i, j = 1, 2, 3. If the determinant
Q.22 Let  be a real number for which the system of linear of B is 81, then the determinant of A is:
equations
[JEE Main-2020 (January)]
x+y+z=6
(1) 1/9 (2) 1/81 (3) 3 (4) 1/3
4x + y – z = – 2
3x + 2y – 4z = –5
Q.29 For which of the following ordered pairs (, ), the
has infinitely many solutions. Then  is a root of the
system of linear equations
quadratic equation. [JEE Main - 2019(April)]
(1) 2 – 3 – 4 = 0 (2) 2 –  – 6 = 0 [JEE Main-2020 (January)]
(3) 2 + 3 – 4 = 0 (4) 2 +  – 6 = 0 x + 2y + 3z = 1
3x + 4y + 5z = 
Q.23 The sum of the real roots of the equation 4x + 4y + 4z = 
is inconsistent?
x 6 1 (1) (4, 6) (2) (3, 4) (3) (1, 0) (4) (4, 3)
2 3x x  3 = 0, is equal to :
3 2x x  2 Q.30 The system of linear equations
[JEE Main - 2019(April)] [JEE Main-2020 (January)]
(1) 6 (2) 1 (3) 0 (4) – 4 x + 2y + 2z = 5
2x + 3y + 5z = 8
 5 2 1  4x + y + 6z = 10 has
Q.24 If B =  0 2 1  is the inverse of a 3 × 3 matrix A, (1) no solution when  = 8
 3 1 (2) a unique solution when  = – 8
then the sum of all values of  for which det (A) + 1 = 0, (3) no solution when  = 2
is [JEE Main - 2019(April)] (4) infinitely many solution when  = 2
(1) 0 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4) –1

Determinants
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 JEE - MATHEMATICS

Q.31 If for some  and  in R, the intersection of the following Q.37 If the system of equations
three planes [JEE Main-2020 (January)] [JEE Main-2020 (September)]
x + 4y – 2z = 1 x – 2y + 3z = 9
x + 7y – 5z =  2x + y + z = b
x + 5y + z = 5 x – 7y + az = 24, has infinitely many solutions, then a –
is a line in R3, then  +  is equal to : b is equal to ____.
(1) 0 (2) – 10 (3) 10 (4) 2
Q.38 If the system of linear equations
Q.32 Let a – 2b + c = 1.
[JEE Main-2020 (September)]
xa x2 x 1 x + y + 3z = 0
If f(x) = x  b x  3 x  2 , then : x + 3y + k2z = 0
x c x 4 x 3 3x + y + 3z = 0
has a non-zero solution (x, y, z) for some k  R , then
[JEE Main-2020 (January)]
(1) f(–50) = –1 (2) f(50) = 1 y
x    is equal to
(3) f(50) = –501 (4) f(–50) = 501 z
(1) 9 (2) 3 (3) –9 (4) –3
Q.33 The following system of linear equations
7x + 6y – 2z = 0
3x + 4y + 2z = 0 Q.39 If a + x = b + y = c + z + 1, where a, b, c, x, y, z are non-zero
distinct real numbers, then
x – 2y – 6z = 0, has [JEE Main-2020 (January)]
(1) infinitely many solution, (x, y, z) satisfying y = 2z [JEE Main-2020 (September)]
(2) infinitely many solution, (x, y, z) satisfying x = 2z
(3) Only the trivial solution x ay xa
(4) no solution y by yb
is equal to :
z c y zc
Q.34 Let S be the set of all   R for which the system of
linear equations [JEE Main-2020 (September)] (1) y(b – a) (2) y(a – b) (3) y(a – c) (4) 0
2x – y + 2z = 2
x – 2y + z = –4 Q.40 Let  R. The system of linear equations
x + y + z = 4 [JEE Main-2020 (September)]
has no solution. Then the set S 2x1 – 4x2 + x3 = 1
(1) is a singleton. x1 – 6x2 + x3 = 2
(2) contains more than two elements. x1 – 10x2 + 4x3 = 3
(3) is an empty set. is inconsistent for :
(4) contains exactly two elements. (1) exactly two values of .
(2) exactly one positive value of .
x  2 2x  3 3x  4 (3) every value of .
Q.35 If 2x  3 3x  4 4x  5 = Ax3 + Bx2 + Cx + D, (4) exactly one negative value of .
3x  5 5x  8 10x  17

then B + C is equal to : Q.41 The sum of distinct values of  for which the system of
equations [JEE Main-2020 (September)]
[JEE Main-2020 (September)]
( – 1) x + (3 + 1) y + 2z = 0
(1) 9 (2) –1
(3) 1 (4) –3 ( – 1) x + (4 – 2) y + ( + 3) z = 0
2x + (3 + 1) y + 3( – 1) z = 0,
Q.36 If the system of equations has non-zero solutions, is ________ .
[JEE Main-2020 (September)]
Q.42 The values of  and  for which the system of linear
x+y+z=2
equations [JEE Main-2020 (September)]
2x + 4y – z = 6
x+y+z=2
3x + 2y + z = µ
x + 2y + 3z = 5
has infinitely many solutions, then :
x + 3y + z = 
(1) 2 – µ = 5 (2)  – 2µ = –5
(3)  + 2µ = 14 (4) 2 + µ = 14 has infinitely many solutions are, respectively :
(1) 5 and 7 (2) 6 and 8 (3) 4 and 9 (4) 5 and 8
Determinants
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JEE - MATHEMATICS

JEE ADVANCED
PREVIOUS YEAR'S Q.3 Which of the following values of  satisfy the
Q.1 The number of all possible values of , where
0 <  < , for which the system of equations (1   )2 (1  2 )2 (1 3 )2
[IIT JEE-2010] equation (2   )
2
(2  2 )2 (2  3 )2 = – 648
(y + z) cos 3 = (xyz) sin 3 (3   ) 2 (3  2 ) 2
(3  3 )2
2 cos 3 2 sin 3
x sin 3 = + [JEE Advanced-2015]
y z (A) – 4 (B) 9 (C) – 9 (D) 4
(xyz) sin 3 = (y + 2z) cos 3  + y sin 3 have a solution Q.4 The total number of distinct x   for which
(x0, y0, z0) with y0 z0  0, is
x x2 1  x3
Q.2 Let M and N be two 3 × 3 matrices such that 2 x 4 x2 1  8 x3  10 is [JEE Advanced-2016]
MN = NM. Further, if M  N2 and M2 = N4, then
[JEE Advanced-2014] 3x 9 x 2 1  27 x 3
(A) determinant of (M2 + MN2) is 0
(B) there is a 3 × 3 non-zero matrix U such that Q.5 Let p be a matric of order 3 × 3 such that all the entries
(M 2 + MN2)U is the zero matrix in P are from the set (–1,0,1). Then, the maximum
(C) determinant of (M 2 + MN2)  1 possible value of the determinant of P is
(D) for a 3 × 3 matrix U, if (M2 + MN2)U equals the [JEE Advanced-2018]
zero matrix then U is the zero matrix

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE-I
Q.1 (3) Q.2 (1) Q.3 (2) Q.4 (4) Q.5 (4) Q.6 (2) Q.7 (2) Q.8 (3) Q.9 (2) Q.10 (3)
Q.11 (2) Q.12 (2) Q.13 (2) Q.14 (4) Q.15 (3) Q.16 (3) Q.17 (2) Q.18 (4) Q.19 (3) Q.20 (2)
Q.21 (1) Q.22 (4) Q.23 (1) Q.24 (1) Q.25 (1)

EXERCISE-II
Q.1 (2) Q.2 (1) Q.3 (3) Q.4 (1) Q.5 (4) Q.6 (4) Q.7 (2) Q.8 (3) Q.9 (2) Q.10 (3)
Q.11 (2) Q.12 (2) Q.13 (2) Q.14 (1) Q.15 (4) Q.16 (4) Q.17 (1) Q.18 (1) Q.19 (2) Q.20 (2)

EXERCISE-III

MCQ/COMPREHENSION/COLUMN/NUMERICAL
Q.1 (AC) Q.2 (ABD) Q.3 (AC) Q.4 (AB) Q.5 (CD) Q.6 (ABCD) Q.7 (ABC) Q.8 (BD) Q.9 (AC) Q.10 (ABCD)
Q.11 (A) Q.12 (D) Q.13 (A) Q.14 (C) Q.15 (D) Q.16 (A)  P, Q, T ; (B)  S; (C)  P, R ; (D)  R
Q.17 (A) Q.18 (0003) Q.19 (0002) Q.20 (– 2) Q.21 (0000) Q.22 (0001) Q.23 (0000) Q.24 (0001) Q.25 (0002)

EXERCISE-IV
JEE-MAIN
PREVIOUS YEAR'S
Q.1 (4) Q.2 (1) Q.3 (2) Q.4 (1) Q.5 (1) Q.6 (4) Q.7 (2) Q.8 (3) Q.9 (2) Q.10 (2)
Q.11 (1) Q.12 (2) Q.13 (2) Q.14 (1) Q.15 (4) Q.16 (1) Q.17 (1) Q.18 (4) Q.19 (1) Q.20 (3)
Q.21 (2) Q.22 (2) Q.23 (3) Q.24 (3) Q.25 (3) Q.26(3) Q.27 (2) Q.28 (1) Q.29 (4) Q.30 (3)
Q.31 (3) Q.32 (2) Q.33 (2) Q.34 (4) Q.35 (4) Q.36 (4) Q.37 [5] Q.38 (4) Q.39 (2) Q.40 (4)
Q.41 (03.00) Q.42 (4)

JEE-ADVANCED
Q.1 [3] Q.2 [AB] Q.3 [B,C] Q.4 [ 2] Q.5 [4]

Determinants
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DETERMINANTS Solutions

EXERCISE-I 1 3 5
1 x2 5
1 a a2 0 a  b a 2  b2 we have (9  x) =0
R1  R1  R 2 1 3 x4
1 b b 2  0 b  c b2  c 2 ,
Q.1 (3) by R  R  R
0 1 x 0
1 c c2 1 c c2 2 2 3
0 (1  x) 1  x  0
 (x  9)
0 1 ab 1 3 x4
(a  b) (b  c) 0 1 b  c
= ab a  2b a  3b a  b a  2b a  3b
1 c c2
a  2b a  3b a  4b  b b b
Q.5 (4) =0
0 0 a c a  4b a  5b a  6b 2b 2b 2b
(a  b) (b  c) 0 1 b  c  R 2  R 2  R1 
= by R1  R1  R 2
1 c c2  by 
 R3  R3  R2 
0 0 1 Trick: Putting a  1  b . The determinant will be
(a  b) (b  c) (a  c) 0 1 b  c 2 3 4
=
1 c c2 3 4 5 0
. Obviously answer is (d)
5 6 7
= (a  b) (b  c) (a  c).(1)  (a  b) (b  c) (c  a)
Note : Students remember while taking the values of
1 1 1 2 1 1
a, b, c,....... that for there values, the options (a), (b),
1 2 3  3 2 3
Q.2 (1) by C1  C1  C2 (c) and (d) should not be identical.
1 3 6 4 3 6
1 2 1 Q.6 (2) The cofactor of element 4, in the 2nd row and 3rd
column is
= 1 5 3 by C2  C2  C3
1 9 6 1 3 1
2 3
 (1) 8 0 1
3 1 1 = – {1(- 2) - 3 (8 - 0)+ 1.16} = 10.
0 2 1
= 6 2 3 by C1  C1  C 2  C3 Q.7 (2) We know that
10 3 6
a1 b1 c1 A1 B1 C1
2 1 1    a2 b2 c2 . A 2 B2 C2
But  2 2 3 a3 b3 c3 A3 B3 C3
2 3 6
a1A1 0 0  0 0
1  2 1    2  2  0 a 2 A 2 0  0  0  3
 2 1  1    2 2 1 0 0 a 3 A 3 0 0 
Q.3 (2)
2 2
 1  1    1     2

0  2
Q.8 (3) C 21  ( 1)2 1 (18  21)  39
 0 2 1 0
C 22  ( 1) 2  2 (15  12)  27
0 1 
C 23  (1) 2  3 ( 35  24)  11
Q.4 (4) by C1  C1  C 2  C3

Determinants
237
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

2 3 1 2 1  a a a
Q.9 (2) Minor of - 4 =  42 , 9 =  3
8 9 4 5 1 b 0
and cofactor of - 4 = ( 1) 2 1 ( 42)  42 , 1 0 c
cofactor of 9= ( 1)3 3 ( 3)  3 . On expanding w.r.t. R 3 ,
ab  bc  ca  abc   …….(i)
b c2 2
a 2
a 2 Given, a 1  b 1  c1  0
2 2 2
Q.10 (3)   b c a b2 1 1 1
    0  ab  bc  ca  0
c2 c2 a 2  b2 a b c
   abc , (From equation (i)).
Q.13 (2) Applying C1  C1  C 2  C3
0 c2 b2
2 b 2 c2  a 2 b2 1 (1  b 2 )x (1  c 2 )x
= ,by R1  R1  (R 2  R 3 )
c2 c2 a 2  b2 f (x)  1 1  b 2 x (1  c 2 )x
,
1 (1  b 2 )x 1  c 2 x
0 c2 b2
R 2  R 2  R1 ( a 2  b 2  c2  2  0 )
2 b 2 a2 0
= , by R  R  R [Applying R 2  R 2  R 1 , R 3  R 3  R1 ]
c2 0 a2 3 3 1

1 (1  b 2 )x (1  c2 )x
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 2{c (b a )  b ( c a )}  4a b c .  0 1 x 0  (1  x) 2 .
Trick: Put a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 so that the option give
0 0 1 x
different values.
Hence degree of f(x) = 2.
yz x y 2 1 1
zx z x 4  x2 6 2
Q.11 (2) = (x  y  z) z  x z x
xy y z Q.14 (4) 6 9  x2 3  x 4 (14  x 2 )
xy y z
2 3 1 x2
by R1  R1  R 2  R 3
 x.x 3 (14  x 2 )
1 1 1
Hence, the determinant is divisible by x, x3 and (14  x 2 )
= (x  y  z) x z x ; by C1  C1  C2
, but not divisible by x 5 .
x y z

= (x  y  z).{(z2  xy)  (xz  x 2 )  (xy  xz)} 0 b3  a 3 c3  a 3

= (x  y  z) (x  z)2  k  1 . a 3  b3 0 c3  b 3
Q.15 (3)
a 3  c3 b  c3
3
0
Trick : Put x  1, y  2 , z  3 , then
0 1 1
5 1 2
(b  a )(c  a ) a  b 1 1  0
3 3 3 3 3 3

4 3 1  5(7)  1(12  3)  2(8  9)

a 3  c3 1 1
3 2 3
[C2  C2  C1 and C3  C3  C1 ] and then taking
= 35  9  2  24
out common from IInd column (b 2  a 3 ) and ( c3  a 3 )
and (x  y  z) (x  z)2  (6) (2)2  24
from IIIrd column].
24
k  1
24 1  sin 2  sin 2  sin 2 
cos 2  1  cos 2  cos 2  0
1 a 1 1 Q.16 (3)
4sin 4 4sin 4 1  4sin 4
Q.12 (2) 1 1  b 1 
1 1 1 c Using C1  C1  C 2 , C 2  C2  C3

Applying C2  C2  C1 , and C3  C3  C1 ,
Determinants
238
JEE - MATHEMATICS

1 0 sin 2   7  16  5  0
There exists only one trivial solution.
1 1 cos 2  0

0 1 1  4sin 4 Q.21 (1) For the equation to be inconsistent D  0
1 1 2 3
 2 (1  2 sin 4)  0  sin 4 
2 D 0 0 k  3  0  k  3

2k  1 0 1
1 x3 3(x 2  3x  9)
1 x  5 4(x 2  5x  25) 1 2 3
Q.17 (2) f (x)  2(x  3)(x  5) ;
1 1 3 D1  3 0 0 0
and
0 0 1
(Taking out (x  3), (x  5) and 2 from Ist row, IInd row
and IIrd column respectively) So that system is inconsistent for k  3 .
0 (x  2) 3(x  3x  8)2
Q.22 (4) If the given system of equations has a non-trivial
0 2 x 2  11x  73 ,
f (x)  2(x  3)(x  5) 3 2 1
1 1 3
 14 15  0    29
solution, then .
(R1  R 1  R 3 and R 2  R 2  R 1 ) 1 2 3
 2(x  3)(x  5)[1(x  2)
Q.23 (1) For unique solution of the given system D  0
(x 2  11x  73)  6(x 2  3x  8)]
1 1 1
 2(x 2  8x  15)(x 3  13x 2  95x
5 1  0
146  6x 2  18x  48) 2 3 1
 2(x 2  8x  15)(x 3  7x 2  77x  98) So this depends on  only..
 2(x 5  x 4  36x 3  413x 2 371x  1470)
Q.24 (1) Given system of equation can be written as
f (1)  2928 , f (3)  0 , f (5)  0
 1 1 1  x   2 
f (1).f (3)  f (3).f (5)  f (5).f (1)  0  0  0  0  f (3)  3 1 2   y    6 
    
 3 1 1   z   18
yz xz xy yz xz x y On solving the above system we get the unique solution
yz zx yx  2y 2x 0 x = – 10, y = – 4, z = 16.
Q.18 (4)
zy zx x y 2z 0 2x
1 a 0
R 2  R 2  R1 and R 3  R 3  R1
0 1 a  0  1  a(a 2 )  0  a 3  1  a  1.
yz xz x y Q.25 (1)
a 0 1
4 y x 0
z 0 x
 4[(y  z)(x )  (x  z)(xy)  (x  y)( zx)]
2
EXERCISE-II
 4[x y  zx  x y  xyz  zx  xyz]  8xyz
2 2 2 2

Hence k  8 Q.1 (2) 1 = 20

Q.19 (3) It has a non-zero solution if 2 = 21 = 40
1 k 1 3 = 22 = 80
3  k 1
= 0  6k  6  0  k  1 4 = 23 = 16
0
1 3 1
n
and so on n = 20 Ans.
Q.20 (2) The given system of homogeneous equations has
1 4 1
3u 2 2u 3 1
  3 4 1  1(4  3)  4(3  1)  1(9  4) 3v 2 2 v3 1 =0
Q.2 (1)
1 3 1 3w 2 2w 3 1
Determinants
239
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

R1  R1 – R2 and R2  R2 – R3
1  
u 2  v2 u 3  v3 0 1  
( +  + ) =0

v2  w 2 v3  w 3 0 =0 1  
w2 w3 1
(a x  a – x )2 (a x – a – x )2 1
2 2
uv u  v  vu 0
v w v 2  w 2  vw 0 =0 (b y  b – y )2 (b3 – b – y )2 1
 Q.6 (4)
w2 w3 1 (c 2  c –2 )2 (c 2 – c –2 )2 1
R1  R1 – R2 Applying C1  C1 – C2
2 2
uw (u  w )  v (u  w ) 0 4 (a x – a – x )2 1
vw v 2  w 2  vw 0 4 (b y – b – y )2 1 = 0
 =0
w2 w3 1
4 (c z – c – z )2 1
1 uwv 0
b1  c 1 c1  a1 a1  b1

v  w v 2  w 2  vw 0 =0
w 2
w3 1 b2  c 2 c2  c2 a2  b2
Q.7 (2)
b3  c 3 c 3  a3 a 3  b3
 (v2 + w2 + vw) – (v + w) [(v + w) + u] = 0
 v2 + w2 + vw = (v + w)2 + u (v + w) Taking two common, applying C1  C1 + C2 + C3
 uv + vw + wu = 0 Ans. 2(a1  b1  c 1 ) c 1  a1 a1  b1
Q.3 (3) Consider the det. B, using R1  R1 + R2 + R3 2(a 2  b 2  c 2 ) c 2  a 2 a2  b2
=
apx bq y crz 2(a 3  b3  c 3 ) c 3  a3 a 3  b3
B=2 a  x b y cz Applying C2  C2 – C1 & C3  C3 – C1
ap bq cr a1  b1  c1  b1  c1
using R2  R2 – R1 and = 2 a2  b2  c 2  b2  c2
R3  R3 – R1
a3  b3  c 3  b3  c3
apx bq y crz
Applying C1  C1 + C2 + C3
=2 p q r
x y z a1 b1 c1
using R1  R1 + R2 + R3 =2
a2 b2 c2
B = 2 det. A = 2 · 6 = 12 a3 b3 c3

 –1 2 1 x xy xyz
  Q.8 (3)  = 2x 5x  2y 7x  5 y  2z = – 16
Q.4 (1) 3  2 2 2  2 2 1
  3 x 7 x  3 y 9 x  7 y  3z
3 – 2 2 2 – 2 2 1
Applying R2  R2 – 2R1 & R3  R3 – 3R1
Applying R2  R2 – R1 & R3  R3 – R1
x xy xyz
 –1 2 1 0 3x 5x  3y
  = = – 16
= 4  2 2 2 2 0  = 1( –8 2 – 8 –8 2 + 8) = 0 4x 6x  4 y
 
4 – 2 2 –2 2 0  Applying R3  R3 – R2
– 16 2 x xy xyz
So absolute value is 16 2 0 3x 5 x  3 y = – 16
0 x xy
Q.5 (4) , ,  are roots of x3 + px + q = 0
Applying R2  R2 – 3R1
  
x xy xyz
  
  +  +  = 0 Here 0 0 2x
   = – 16  – 2x(x2 – 0) = – 16
0 x xy
Applying C1  C1 + C2 + C3
 x3 = 8  x = 2

Determinants
240
JEE - MATHEMATICS

b1  c 1 c1  a1 a1  b1
0 0 2 cos 2 
b2  c 2 c2  c2 a2  b2
Q.9 (2) = sin  cos  sin  = 2cos2 (sin2 + cos2)
b3  c 3 c 3  a3 a 3  b3
– cos  sin  cos 
Taking two common, applying C1  C1 + C2 + C3 = 2cos2
2(a1  b1  c 1 ) c 1  a1 a1  b1
2(a 2  b 2  c 2 ) c 2  a 2 a2  b2 sin  cos  sin  sin  cos 
=
2(a 3  b3  c 3 ) c 3  a3 a 3  b3 cos  cos  cos  sin  – sin 
Q.12 (2)  = ;
Applying C2  C2 – C1 & C3  C3 – C1 – sin  sin  sin  cos  0
a1  b1  c1  b1  c1 cos  sin  cot 
= 2 a2  b2  c 2  b2  c2 cos  sin  – tan 
 = sin2 cos
a3  b3  c 3  b3  c3 – sin  cos  0
Applying C1  C1 + C2 + C3 Applying R1  R1 – R2
a1 b1 c1 0 0 cot   tan 
a2 b2 c2 cos  sin  – tan 
=2  = sin2 cos
a3 b3 c3 – sin  cos  0
 = sin
x xy xyz
Q.13 (2) Expand the determinant using first row and use x – y =
Q.10 (3)  = 2 x 5 x  2 y 7 x  5 y  2z = – 16
A , y – z = B and z – x= C
3 x 7 x  3 y 9 x  7 y  3z  A+B+C=0
Applying R2  R2 – 2R1 & R3  R3 – 3R1
Q.14 (1)  =
x xy xyz
0 3x 5x  3y 1 a2  a4 a  ab  a 2b 2 1  ac  a 2c 2
= = – 16
0 4x 6x  4 y 1  ab  a 2b 2 1  b2  b 4 1  bc  b 2 c 2
Applying R3  R3 – R2 1  ac  a 2c 2 1  bc  b 2c 2 1 c 2  c 4

x xy xyz 1 a a2 1 1 1
0 3x5 x  3 y = – 16 1 b b2 a b c
=
0 x xy 1 c c2 a2 b2 c2
Applying R2  R2 – 3R1
= (a – b)2 (b – c)2 (c – a)2
x xy xyz
0 0 2x = – 16  – 2x(x2 – 0) = – 16 sin   cos    1
0 x xy Q.15 (4) For non trivial solution cos  sin   = 0
   1 cos 
 x3 = 8  x = 2
; this gives 2 cos (2 +  + 1) = 0

cos(  ) – sin(  ) cos 2 Q.16 (4) For non trivial solution

Q.11 (2) sin  cos  sin 
1  cos  cos 2
– cos  sin  cos   cos  1  cos  = 0
cos 2  cos  1
cos(  ) – sin(  ) cos 2
1 using C1  C1 – C3
 sin  sin  sin  cos  sin2 
sin  cos  2 sin 2   cos  cos 2
– cos  cos  sin  cos  cos2 
0 1  cos  = 0
Applying R1  R1 + R2 + R3 2
 2 sin   cos  1
0 0 2 cos 2  1  cos  cos 2
1  2 sin2 0 1  cos  = 0
 sin  sin  sin  cos  sin2 
sin  cos   1  cos  1
– cos  cos  sin  cos  cos 2 

Determinants
241
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

sin2
=0 Divide both side by abc
or 1[1 – cos2] – 1[cos2 – cos 2]
sin2 – [cos2 – (cos2 – sin2)] 1 1 2
 
sin2 – sin2 = 0 c a b
hence D = 0    R Hence a, b, c are in H.P.
Q.17 (1) For non-trivial solution

(   a)   EXERCISE-III
 b  JEE-ADVANCED
=0 COMPREHENSION/STATEMENT/MATCHING/MCQ
  c

Taking  as common from each row

a– x e xna x2 a–x ax x2
e3xna
–3x
a Q.1 (AC ) f(x) = a
–3x
x4 = a a3 x x4
1 1 1

a –5x e5xna 1 a –5x a5 x 1
b
1 1 1
 3  =0
c ax a– x x2
1 1 1 a– x e – xna x2

a3x e – 3nna x4 a3x a –3x x4
f(–x) = 5 x =
Applying C1  C1 – C3, C2  C2 – C3 and expanding a e – 5 xna 1 a5x a –5x 1
 ab bc ac abc 
 3  2  2  2  3  = 0 = – f(x)
     f (x) + f (–x) = 0
1  1 1 1
 = – a  b  c  1 x x2 1 x x2
  
2
Q.2 (ABD)  = x 1 x ,  = (1 + x + x2) 1 1 x
x x2 1 1 x2 1
–2 1 1
1 –2 1 = (1 + x + x2) {1(1 – x3) – x(1 – x) + x2(x2 – 1)}
Q.18 (1)  = = (1 + x + x2) {1 – x3 – x + x2 + x4 – x2) = (1 + x + x2) {x4
1 1 
– x3 – x + 1)
For no solution of system  = 0 and at least one of  = (1 – x3)2; = 2(1 – x3) (–3 x2) ;
the x, y, z is non zero. (1)= 0
for  = 0,  = – 2
Q.3 (AC) p = a ; q = a + d ; r = a + 2d ; s = a + 3d
 f (x) =  2 d2
Also use R1  R1 – R2 and R2  R2 – R3
1 2 1
Q.19 (2) D = 2 1  2 which vanishes
1 3 3 x 2y – z –z

hence for atleast one solution D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 Q.4 (AB)  = y 2x – z –z

y 2 y – z 2x – 2y – z
a 2 1 Applying R2  R2 – R1 & R3  R3 – R1
 D1 = b 1  2 = 0  a – b + c = 0 Ans.
x 2y – z –z
c 3 3
y – x 2( x – y ) 0
= = (x – y)2
Q.20 (2) For non zero solution y–x 0 2( x – y )
D=0 x 2y – z – z
1 2a a –1 2 0
= 4(x – y)2 (x + y – z)
–1 0 2
1 3b b
D= =0 So  is divisible by (x – y) & (x – y)2.
1 4c c

1(3bc – 4bc) – 2a (c – b) + a(4c – 3b) = 0 Q.5 (CD)We have D1 = (a + b + c)(c – a)2

–bc – 2ac + 2ab + 4ac – 3ab = 0
and D2 = (a – b)(b – c)(c – a) (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2)
–bc + 2ac – ab = 0
ab + bc = 2ac

Determinants
242
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a1 – b1 a1 – b2 a1 – b3 0 x 0
a2 – b1 a2 – b2 a 2 – b3 0 x x
Q.6 (ABCD) = a2b2c2(3+x) = a2b2c2(3+x) x2
a3 – b1 a3 – b2 a3 – b3 1 1 1 x
R2  R2 – R1 & R3  R3 – R2 Which is divisible by x2
a1 – b1 a1 – b2 a1
a2 – a1 a2 – a1 a2  a1 Q.10 (ABCD) For nth order determinant  = |Cij| = Dn –1
=
a3 – a 2 a3 – a2 a3  a 2 (A) For 3rd order determinant  = D3–1 = D2 ... (1)
(B) From (1) if D = 0 then  = 0
a1 – b1 a1 – b2 a1 (C)  = 27 = 33
d d d  = (33)2 = 36 (a perfect cube)
=0
d d d Q.11 (A)
=0
Q.12 (D)

–x a b 1 a b Q.13 (A)
b –x a 1 –x a (11 to 13)
Q.7 (ABC) = = (a + b – x)
a b –x 1 b –x cos(  ) sin(  ) 1
Applying R2  R2 – R1 , R3 R3 – R1 cos(  ) sin(  ) 1
( () =
1 a b cos(  ) sin(   ) 1
0 – ( x  a) a–b
= (a + b – x) = (a + b – x) {(x A (, , )  sin ( – ) sin ( – ) sin ( – ) = k
0 b–a – ( x  b)  which is independent of 
+ a) (x + b) + (a – b)2}
Sol.11 If a = A/2 () & b = A/3 ()
so a = b (Independent of )
b c b  c
c d c  d Sol.12 A2 + A2 – 2(A)2 = k2 + k2 – 2k2 = 0
Q.8 (BD)  = =0
b  c c  d a 3 – c Sol.13 If  are fixed then y = Ax(, , ) = constant
Applying C3  C3 – (C1 + C2) which is a straight line parallel to x-axis.

b c 0 Q.14 (C)
c d 0
= =0 Q.15 (D)
b  c c  d a3 – b2 – 3c – d (14 to 15)
(a3 – b2 – 3c – d) (bd – c2) = 0 (i) c1  c 1 – c 2 , c2  c 2 – c 1 , c3  c3 – 2c1
 Either b, c, d in G.P. or  is root of ax3 – bx2 – 3cx – 2 1 2 1 1 2
d=0
1    =1  
4   3    1 1 3    1
a 2 (1  x ) ab ac
Q.9 (AC)  = ab b 2 (1  x ) bc 1 0 0
2
ac bc c (1  x ) = 1  1   2
(1  x ) 1 1
1 2    1
1 (1  x ) 1 = ( – 1)2 + ( – 2)2 = 0   = 1,  = 2,  = 4
= a2b2c2  the cubic equation is x3 – 7x2 + 14x – 8 = 0
1 1 (1  x )
100 
    a   100  1    1 
r r r r
Applying C1  C1 + C2 + C3
(ii)

S =       =      
1 1 1 
r 1      b   r 1  2   2 
1 (1  x ) 1
a2b2c2(3+x)
1   1  
50
1 1 (1  x )
2n · 1  
Applying R1  R1–R2, R2  R2 – R3 50
1 4   4   2 1 
=  2  =2 · = 1  100 
n 1  2 
 1 3 2 
1  
 4
Determinants
243
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

Q.16 (A)  P, Q, T ; (B)  S; (C)  P, R ; (D)  R Q.19 (0002) Applying C1  C1  C2  C3

Here 24 matrices are possible.
Values of determinants corresponding to these matrices 1 1  b  x 1  c  x
2 2

are as follows :
f x  1 1 b x 2
1  c  x 2

1 0
= 2 (4 matrices),
1 0 1   c x
1  b x 2
1 2

4 2 2 4 = 4 (4 matrices),
( a 2  b2  c2  2  0 )
2 0 Operating R 2  R 2  R 1 and R 3  R 3  R1
1 4 = 8 (4 matrices)
And 12 more matrices are there, values of whose
1 1  b  x 1  c  x
2 2

 1  x 
2
0 1 x 0
determinants are –2, –4, –8. 0 0 1 x
(A) Possible non-negative values of det. (A) are 2, 4,
8. Hence degree of f(x) = 2
(B) Sum of these 24 determinants is 0.
(C) Mod. (det(A)) is least  |A| = ± 2 Q.20 (2) For no solution or infinitely many solutions
( n 1)3  1 1
 | adj (adj (adj (A)) | = A =±2 1  1  0    1,   2
(D) Least value of det.(A) is –8 1 1 
1 16 But for  = 1 , clearly there are infinitely many solutions
Now, | 4 A–1 | = 16 = = –2 and when we put  = –2 in given system of
| A | 8 equations and adding them together
L.H.S.  R.H.S. No solution
Q.17 (A) 3x + y – z = 0 ….…(1) log a n log a n 1 log a n  2
Q.21 (0000)   log a n 3 log a n  4 log a n 5
py log a n  6 log a n  7 log a n 8
x– +z=0 ….…(2)
4 a1a 2a 3 ...... are in G.P..
2x – y + 2z = q ….…(3) a2 an 1 an  2
(2) × 2 – (3) Then r     ......
a1 an an 1
 p
 1  y= 4 – q log r  log  a n  1  log a n  log  a n  2   log  a n  1
 2
For unique solution, p  2, q  N  Number of ordered Operating C 2  C 2  C1 and C3  C3  C2
pairs (p, q) in [1, 10] are 90. log a n log r log r
For infinite solution, p = 2 and q = 4  exactly one   log a n 3 log r log r  0
ordered pair log a n  6 log r log r
For no solution, p = 2 and q  4  Number of ordered
pairs (p, q) in [1, 10] are 9.
Q.22 (0001)
sin x  2cos x sin x  2 cos x sin x  2 cos x
Q.18 [0003] cos x sin x cos x 
cos x cos x sin x
1 3 5 1  3  5 3 5
 3 1 4  1  3  4 1 4 using (R 1  R1  R 2  R 3 )
5 4 1 1  4  5 4 1
1 0 0
(C1  C1 + C2 + C3)  cos x sin x  cos x 0  sin x  2 cos x   0
cos x 0 sin x  cos x
2  2 1 2
 2 1  (as 3  1, 4  ) using  C2  C2  C3  and C3  C3  C1
0  1
  sin x  cos x   sin x  2 cos x   0
2

2 2
1  2

 R 2  R 2  R1   sin x  cos x, because sinx+2cosx  0;

= 
 0   2
2

0  1  only one solution.

=  2             1   
2 2 3 2 3 1 a bc 1 a bc
Q.23 (0000) 1 b ca  0 b  a c(a  b)
1 c ab 0 c  b a(b  c)
  2  2 1  2   2  2  4
 1. a(b  c)(b  a)  c(a  b)(c  b)
 2   2    2   1  3
Determinants
244
JEE - MATHEMATICS

(b  c)(b  a)(a  c) 3 0 0
(a  b)(b  c)(c  a) 1   1 22
=
1 a a2 1 2 
Again 1 b b 2  (a  b)(b  c)(c  a)
= 3 (–1 –  – ) = – 3z  k = – z
1 c c2
So the given difference is 0.
1 k 3
Q.24 (0001) Q.4 (1) For non zero solution 3 k –2 = 0
2 4 3
1 k 3  k = 11
Cofficient det = 0  3 k 2  0
2 3 4 Now equations
x + 11 y + 3z = 0 ...(1)
 (4k  6)  k(12  4)  3(9  2k)  0 3x + 11 y – 2z = 0 ...(2)
2x + 4 y – 3z = 0 ...(3)
  4k  6  12k  4k  27  6k  0 On equation (1) + (3) we get 3x + 15 y = 0
  2k  33  0  x = – 5y
Now put x = –5 y in equation (i)
2K  33
We get – 5y + 11y + 3z = 0
2K  z = – 2y
1
33 xz (5y)(2y)
 = 10
Q.25 (0002) y2 y2
Let   s  a,   s  b,   s  c
then determinant
2 4d (sin   2)
(   )2 2 2 Q.5 (1) |A|= 1 (sin )  2 d
 2 (   ) 2 2  2 (     )2 5 (2 sin )  d ( sin )  2  2d
2 2 (  ) 2

2 4d  sin   2 
(standard determinant)
1  sin   d
(New R3 = R3 – 2R2 + R1)
 2(s  a)(s  b)(s  c)s 3  k  2. 1 0 0
= (4 + d) d – sin2 + 4 = (d + 2)2 – sin2
EXERCISE-IV Because minimum value of |A| = 8  (d + 2)2 =9  d =
1 or – 5
JEE-MAIN
PREVIOUS YEAR’S Q.6 (4) By applying Crammer’s Rule
1 1 1
1 
1
D 2 3 2
 1 1  0    0,  1
Q.1 (4) 2 3 a2 1
1 1 

1 1 1
 
 3 a2 1  6  2 a2 1  4  
1 a 1  a2 1 2  a2  3
Q.2 (1) D = =0a=1
a b 1 If a   3  system has unique solution
and at a = 1 D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 
x  y z 1
but at a = 1 and b = 1 
2x  3y  2z  1

First two equations are x  y  z  1 If a  3

2x  3y  2z   3  1
and third equation is x  y  z  0   there is no
solution. Hence system is inconsistent for a  3
 b = {1}  It is a singleton set Q.7 (2) P1 = x – 4y + 7z – g = 0
P2 =3 x – 5y + h = 0
Q.3 (2) Here  is complex cube root of unity P3 = –2 x + 5y – 9z – k = 0
R1  R1 + R2 + R3 Here  = 0
2P1 + P2+ P3= 0 when 2g + h + k = 0

Determinants
245
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

1 cos t sin t C1  C1  C 2  C3
t
Q.8 (3) | A | e 1  cos t  sin t  sin t  cos t 1  1
1 2sin t 2cos t D      2 1 1  1
1  2
 et cos2 t  5sin 2 t   R  5e t  0 R
R 2  R 2  R1 , R 3  R 3  R 1
Q.9 (2) x + y – z = 5 1  1
x + 2y + 3z = 9, D      2 0 1 0      2
x + 2y + z =  0 0 1
1 1 1 For unique solution     2  0      2
D = 1 2 3  0   2  9    3      3  2   0
1 3 0 1 sin  1
5 A   sin  1 sin 
Now, Q.15 (4) = 2(1 + sin2)
1  sin  1
1 1 5
 3 5  1 1
D3 = 1 2 9  0  2 27  9 5 3  2  0   13
1
  ,    sin    0  sin2<
1 3   4 4 2 2 2
 at  = 5, b = 13 above 3 planes from common line  A [2,3)

sin 3 1 1  1 2 2
Q.10 (2) cos 2 4 3  0 1 2 1  0
2 7 7 Q.16 (1)
1 1 1
7 sin 3 + 14 cos 2 – 14 = 0
    1  0
3
1   1
sin 3 + 2cos 2 – 2 = 0, sin  =
2
Q.17 (1) For non-trivial solution
Q.11 (1) Det A = b2 + 3 D=0
det A 3 1 c c
b  Least value = 2 3
b b c 1 c  0  2c3 – 3c2 – 1 = 0
c c 1
Q.12 (2) For any value of r determinant is zero.  (c + 1)2 (2c – 1) = 0
Q.13 (2) R1  R1+ R2 + R3 1
 Greatest value of c is
2
1 1 1
(a +b + c) 2b b  a  c 2b
2c 2c ca b 2c
Q.18 (4) put b  in determinant of A
2
c3  c3 – c1, c2  c2 – c1
c3  6c2  12c  8
1 0 0 A  2,16
= (a + b + c) 2b (a  b  c) 0 4
2c 0 (a  b  c)  (c – 2)3  [8, 64]
 c  [4, 6]
= (a + b + c) [(a + b + c)2]
= (a + b + c)3 = (a + b + c) (x + a + b + c)2 Q.19 (1) Roots of the equation x2 + x + 1= 0 are  =  and  = 2
given where  are complex cube roots of unity
 (x + a + b + c)2 = (a + b + c)2
 x + a + b + c =  (a + b + c) y 1  2
 x = –2(a + b + c) [ x  0]    y  2 1
2 1 y
Q.14 (1) (1 + ) x + y + z = 0
x + (1 + ) y + z = 0 R1  R1  R2  R3
x + y + 2z = 0
1 1 1
1   1  y  y  2 1
D   1  1
  2 2 1 y

Determinants
246
JEE - MATHEMATICS

Expanding along R1, we get Q.25 (3) R1  R1 – R2

 y.y2  D = y3
1 -1 0
cos 2  1  sin 2  4 cos 6  0
2 3 1
1 K 2 = 0 cos 2  sin 2  1  4 cos 6
Q.20 (3) R2  R2 – R3
2 1 1
1 1 0
9
By solving K = 0 1 1 0
2 cos 2  sin 2  1  4 cos 6
2x + 3y – z = 0 .....(1)
 (1 + 4 cos 6) + sin2 +1(cos2) = 0
9 1 + 2 cos6 = 0
x + y – 2z = 0 .....(2)
2  cos6 = –1/2
2x – y + z = 0 .....(3)
(1) – (3)  4y – 2z = 0 2 
6  
2y = z .....(4) 3 9
Q.26(3) x – 2y + kz = 1 ...(1)
y 1
 .....(5) 2x + y + z = 2 ...(2)
z 2 3x – y – kz = 3 ...(3)
put z from equation (4) into (1) (1) + (3)
2x + 3y – 2y = 0  4x–3y = 4
2x + y = 0
x 1 Q.27 (2) For non-trivial solution
 .....(6)
y 2 2 2a a
2 3b b = 0
(6) z 2 4c c
 4
(5) x
x y z 1 1 2a a
  K  1 3b b = 0
y z x 2 1 4c c
(3bc – 4bc) – (2ac – 4ac) + (2ab – 3ab) = 0
x sin  cos  – bc + 2ac – ab = 0
Q.21 (2) 1 = f() =  sin   x 1 = – x3 ab + bc = 2ac
cos  1 x a, b, c in H.P.
1 1 1
x sin 2 cos 2  , , are in A.P..
a b c
and 2 = f(2) =  sin 2  x 1 = – x3
cos 2 1 x b11 b12 b13 30 a11 31 a12 32 a13
So 1 + 2 = – 2x3 Q.28 (1) | B | b21 b22 b 23  3 a 21 3 a 22 33 a 23
1 2

b31 b32 b33 32 a 31 33 a 32 34 a 33

Q.22 (2) D = 0
1 1 1 1
 81 = 33.3.32|A|  34 = 36 |A|  |A| =
4   = 0   = 3 9
3 2 4 3 4 5
Q.29 (4) Note D = 1 2 3 (R3  R3 – 2R1 + 3R2)
Q.23 (3) By expansion, we get
–5x2 + 30 x –30 + 5x = 0 4 4 4
 –5x3 + 35 x –30 = 0
3 4 5
 x3 – 7x + 6 = 0, All roots are real
So, sum of roots = 0 = 1 2 3 =0
0 0 0
Q.24 (3) |B| = 5(–5) – 2(–) – 2
= 22 – 2 – 25 Now, let P3 = 4x + 4y + 4z –  = 0. If the system has
1 + |A| = 0 solutions it will have infinite solution, so P3 = P1 +
2 –  – 12 = 0 P2
Sum = 1 Hence, 3 +  = 4 and 4 + 2 = 4  = 2 and  = – 2
So, for infinite solution 2 – 2 =  for 2 + 2
System inconsistent.

Determinants
247
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

 2 2 1
x – 2y – z = – 4 ....(2)
Q.30 (3) D =  3 5
2 2
4  6 1
D = ( + 8) (2 – ) x– y + z = 4 ....(3)
2
for  = 2 (1) and (3) contradict each other, hence no solution.
5 2 2
D1 = 8 3 5 = 5 [18 – 10] – 2[48 – 50] + 2[16 – 30] x  2 2x  3 3x  4
10 2 6 Q.35 (4)  = 2x  3 3x  4 4x  5
= 40 + 4 – 28  0 3x  5 5x  8 10x  17
No solutions for  = 2 x  2 x 1 x 1
1 4 2  = 2x  3 x 1 x 1 C3  C3  C 2
Q.31 (3)  = 0  1 7 5 = 0 3x  5 2x  3 5x  9 C 2  C 2  C1
1 5 
x  2 x 1 x 1
(7 + 25) – (4 + 10) + (–20 + 14) = 0
3 + 9 = 0   = – 3  = x  1 0 0 R 2  R 2  R1
3x  5 2x  3 5x  9
1 4 1
 = –(x – 1) (5x  14x  9)  (2x  5x  3) 
2 2
Also Dz = 0  1 7  = 0
1 5 5 = – 3x3 + 12x2 – 15x + 6
So, B + C = – 3
1(35 – 5) – (15) + 1(4 – 7) = 0
 = 13
1 1 1
Q.32 (2) Apply R1 = R1 + R3 – 2R2 Q.36 (4) 2 4 1 =0
3 2 
1 0 0  – 15 + 6 + 2 = 0
 f(x) = x  b x  3 x  2  f(x) = 1  f(50) = 1 9
xc x4 x3  =
2
Substituting the value of  in equations, we get
x+y+z=2 …(1)
7 6 2 2x + 4y – z = 6 …(2)
Q.33 (2) 3 4 2 6x + 4y + 9z = 2µ …(3)
(1) × 8 – (2) Gives, 6x + 4y + 9z = 10
1 2 6 So for infinitely many solutions, 2µ = 10
= 7 (–20) –6(–20) –2(–10) µ=5
= –140 + 120 + 20 = 0
so infinite non-trivial solution exist. Q.37  = 1 = 2 = 3 = 0 [For infinite soluitons]
Now equation (1) + 3 equation (3) 1 2 3
10x – 20z = 0
x = 2z = 2 1 1 =0
1 7 a
 (a + 7) – 2(1 – 2a) + 3(–15) = 0
2 1 2 a=8
Q.34 (4) 1 2   0 1 2 9
1  1
3 = 2 1 b =0
 22 – – 1 = 0 1 7 24
1  (24 + 7b) – 2(b – 48) + 9(–15) = 0
 = 1 or – b=3
2
When  = 1 a–b=5
2x – y + 2z = 2 ....(1) 1 2 3
x – 2y + z = –4 ....(2) Q.38 (4) Here 1 3 k 2  0
x + y + z = 4 ....(3)
Adding (2) and (3), we get 3 1 3
2x – y + 2z = 0 (contradiction) hence no solution. 1(9 – k2) – 1 (3 – 3k2) + 3 (1 – 9) = 0
1 9 – k2 – 3 + 3k2 – 24 = 0
When  = – 2k2 = 18  k2 = 9, k = ± 3
2 So equations are
x + y + 3z = 0 ...(i)
2x – y + 2z = 2 ....(1) x + 3y + 9z = 0 ...(ii)
Determinants
248
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3x + y + 3z = 0 ...(iii) JEE-ADVANCED
Now (i) – (ii) PREVIOUS YEAR’S
y
–2y – 6z = 0  y = –3z  = –3 ....(iv) Q.1 [3] Let xyz = t
z
Now, (i) – (iii) t sin3 – y cos 3 – z cos3 = 0 ..........(1)
–2x = 0  x = 0 t sin3 – 2y sin 3 – 2z cos3 = 0 ..........(2)
t sin3 – y (cos 3 + sin3 ) – 2z cos 3 = 0 ..........(3)
y y0. z0  0 hence homogeneous equation has non-
So x + =0–3=3
z trivial solution
sin 3 – cos 3 – cos 3
x a y xa x a xa x 1 xa
sin 3 – 2 cos 3 – 2 cos 3
y by yb  y b yb  y y 1 yb D= =0
Q.39 (2) sin 3 – (cos 3  sin 3) – 2 cos 3
z c y zc z c zc z 1 zc
 sin3cos3(sin 3 – cos3) = 0
x 1 xa  sin3= 0 or cos3= 0 or tan3 = 1
Case - I : sin3= 0
yx 0 0 R 2  R 2  R1 From equation (2)
=0+y
z  x 0 1 R 3  R 3  R 1 z = 0 not possible
Case - II : cos3 = 0, sin3 0
= – y(x – y) = – y (b – a) t. sin3 = 0 t = 0
= y (a – b) x = 0
From equation (2) y = 0 not possible
2 4  
1 6 1 Case- III : tan3= 1 3 = n+ ,nI
Q.40 (4) = 0  3 – 7 – 12 = 0
2 4
 10 4 n 
 x. y. z sin3= 0 = + ,nI
2 3 12
 = 3 or –
3  5 9
Adding first two equations, we get  x = 0, sin3 0 = , ,
12 12 12
3x1 – 10x2 ( + 1)x3 = 3
and the last equation is x1 –10x2 + 4x3 = 3 Q.2 (AB) MN = NM & M2 – N4 = 0
So, for  = 3 there will be infinitely many solutions and 2 2
(M – N )(M + N ) = 0
2
for  = – there will be no solution (i.e. equations will
3 2
M–N =0
be inconsistent). Not Possible

  1 3  1 2 In any case |M + N2| = 0

Q.41 (03.00) Here   1 4  2   3  0 (A) |M + MN | = |M| |M + N2| = 0

2 2

2 3  1 3(  1)
On solving it we get
63 – 362 + 54 = 0
 6[2 – 6 + 9] = 0
  = 0, = 3
So sum = 0 + 3 = 3
(A) is correct
(B) If |A| = 0 then AU = 0 will have  solution.
Thus (M2 + MN2) U = 0 will have many 'U'
(B) is correct
(C) Obvious wrong.
[Distinct values] (D) If AX = 0 & |A| = 0 then X can be non zero.
(D) is wrong

Q.3 (B,C) R3  R3 – R2, R2 R2 – R1

1 1 1
1 2 3 0 (1   )2 (1  2 )2 (1  3 )2
Q.42 (4) Here  =
1 3  3  2 3  4 3  6
= – 648
 = 5 5  2 5  4 5  6
and also R3 R3 – R2
2 1 1
(1   )2 (1  2 )2 (1  3 )2
1 = 5 2 3  0 3  2 3  4 3  6
 3 5 = – 648
2 2 2
 = 8
C3  C3 – C2, C2 C2 – C1
Determinants
249
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(1   )2 (2  3 ) (2  5 ) a1 a2 a3
3  2 2 2 Q.5 (4)   b1 b2 b3
= – 648
2 0 0 c1 c2 c3
 22(2+ 3) – 22(2+ 5) = – 324   a1 b 2 c3  a 2 b3 c1  a 3 b1c2    a 3 b 2 c1  a 2 b1c3  a1b 3 c 2 
 –43 = –324  
x y
  = 0, ± 9
Now if x  3 and y  3
the D can be maximum 6
x x2 1 x x2 x3 But it is not possible
2 x 4 x2 1  2 x 4 x2 8 x3  10 as x = 3  each term of x =1
Q.4 [2] and y = 3  each term of y = –1
3x 9 x 2 1 3x 9 x 2 27 x3
3 3
  a i b i ci  1 and  a i bi ci  1
1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 i 1
x 2 4 1x 2 4
3 6
8  10 which is contradicition

3 9 1 3 9 27 so now next possibility is 4
which is obtained as
 2 x3  12 x 6  10
1 1 1
5
 x  , 1
3
1 1 1  11  1  1 1  1  11  1  4
6
Hence, no. of distinct x = 2 1 1 1

Determinants
250