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HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
WORKING STUDENTS: THEIR CHALLENGES
AND PERSEVERANCE

__________________________

A Research Paper presented to the

College of Technology and Engineering

CEBU TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

Daanbantayan, Campus Agujo, Daanbantayan, Cebu

___________________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN HOSPITSALITY MANAGEMENT

By

Jomamel Pepito

Melody Williams

Niña Rissi Saure

Marie Joy Rodrigo

Merry Chris Enriquez

Niña Sheen Marie Andrade

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

It has been an on – going struggle for students to maintain a “work-school”

balance, specifically for high school student. According to various studies, it is

not advisable for students to work at the same time studying. However, there are

students that are struggling financially to support themselves in their academic

path so they opt to work while studying. While this is an honorable way to support

his/her studies, the struggles and the pressure they have to go through is

something not every ordinary student can understand and this makes it difficult

for them to catch up in their tasks and assignments. Every student has their own

aspirations in life, and that is the reason why some students are now working by

virtue of aiming those aspirations. Students of Palawan State University also

have their own aspirations. Now that the number of working students of Palawan

State University is rising. The financial education is rising. Due to the increasing

price of tuition fees, school fees, and other education finances, families tend to

face financial crisis particularly on managing the budget on the family basing on

their family income. These include the budget for food, education, electricity bills,

and other financial bills the family is unable manage it all since their income in

incapable of affording those bills especially the valuable price of education

finances. Considering those facts, students affected by the crisis experienced by

their family, students will be necessitated to work while studying it is either a part

time or a full time working student. In Nigeria, before the establishment of the
 National Open University of Nigeria which takes into cognizance the students

who are working and schooling simultaneously, the tertiary institutions hardly

design their calendar and curriculum to favour undergraduate students who are

putting themselves through school. Most times the working students miss

lectures and cumulative assessments which affect their grades and academic

performances not necessarily because of indifference and carelessness but

because of the unruly nature of the academic calendar where things aren’t done

with their schedules and where so much attention is given to student’s

attendance to classes than performances. The result is that working students

hardly perform well in terms of grades. Working students are those students who

work outside the school and having a school responsibility too. Students have so

many reasons to work outside at home. One of these is that they want to help

their parents in earning money to meet the needs of their family. These may

include their everyday needs such as food, shelter, clothing and education.

Others want to work because they feel bored at home and by means of working,

they will able to amuse themselves. Somehow the others work for their personal

interests. That is, they want to use what they have acquired in school and feel

fulfilled just to apply whatever knowledge they have gained in the past.

Money or financial gain is not the main issue but simply expression of self –

fulfillment. Students who are engaged in a job have a carry out their duties and

responsibilities both as students and worker in order to maintain school and

company relationships student who had stayed at home with their parents were

often eager to get any job. Some really needed extra income and others wanted
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to re – establish communication skills with adults and have something to make

them busy. The successful working students have examined their goals and

priorities before they entered into the field of work (Berin,2018).

With this in thought, we the researchers, aim to identify the reasons why there

are working students of Hospitality Management of Cebu Technological

University in Agujo, Daanbantayan, Cebu can manage to balance their work –

school load and time and how this affects their quality of life in general.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to know and understand the challenges being

encountered by the working students of Hospitality Management of Cebu

Technological University in Agujo, Daanbantayan, Cebu S.Y. 2020 – 2021. It is

conducted to determine how they manage themselves in terms of studying while

working simultaneously. The study deserves as a tool for other students to be

aware with the essential effect of working while studying as well as to their

personal development.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research aims to determine the challenges and perseverance

encountered by the working students underlying negative consequences. This

research aims to answer the above mentioned queries through the research

question below:

The following questions that will be patterned on the in – depth

interview;

1. What are the reasons of being working student?

2. What are the challenges that usually encountered as a working

student?

3. How would you manage your time?

4. How are you going to handle the stress?

5. How do you overcome these challenges?

THEORITICAL LENS

This study was anchored by Janet McGreevy (2002). She published her

own article about working students with a title of “Working Students Face Tough

Challenges.” It is declared that the degree belief in the fundamental need for a

college degree cuts across all sectors of American society. She proclaimed that

life is visualized as days of intense study coupled with “getting to know yourself”
through campus involvement, the last hurrah of a carefree life prior to joining the

real world of work after graduation. That study was supported by Angela Walkup

in her article entitled “Down-and Dirty-Life of a Working Students.” She explained

that she learned the ropes as a working student. It is stated that being a working

student is hard but that is the real situation of a working students is a constantly

being watched and evaluated. If a working student is seen as a hard worker and

quick leaner then it will lead him/her to more responsible duties. She testified that

experiences from being a working student are good and but it will be helpful for

your future.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The general intent of this study is to know the challenges and

perseverance encountered by working students of Hospitality Management

students. This study will mainly identify and asses different factors that affects

the student. Also, this study will mainly identify on how can be the researcher

develop and assist the working students be more mature in identifying, dealing,

and intervening with the challenges of all the working students and aspirations in

life to pursue working even if causes problems to them. This study will be

conducted with limited amount of financial resources and framework. The

location will be the Cebu Technological in Agujo, Daanbantayan, Cebu. The

general intent of this study is to know the challenges encountered by working

students to gather some information and use the other resources to be able for

this research to become possible and effective.

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research can be a source of information about the students who are

working while studying simultaneously. This study is beneficial to students who

will be engaging in work while studying, for them to be aware of the situations

and problems that they will be encountering. By knowing the factors who prefer

to work and study will be responsible and ready for the situation he/she entering.

Further significance is the non – working students and the teachers to be able to

understand the situation of the working students and help them to cope with their

studies.
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Over the years, the concept of ‘’work – study balance’’ has been an

ongoing struggle for working students. While there can be a number of factors

involved’ financial crisis is still the primary reason why students take part-time (or

full-time) jobs. Running from school to work and juggling academic requirements

and side-hustles while keeping your family, social, or love life in check is truly

daunting task (Nucum, 20218). The life of a student is not easy. The ones who

are naturally slow have to keep up with the rest of the class. And even the ones

with superior learning abilities are pressured to stay at the top. The student’s

situation is daunting enough. Yet not as daunting as when the student has

something equally important to busy himself or herself with. Many students have

to do jobs in order to see themselves through school – the working students. If

the term “working student” does not seem to elicit sympathetic feeling anymore, it

may because the number of these extraordinarily hard-passed young people

have grown so much that they have already become commonplace. Or, in a poor

country like the Philippines, working students have come to be expected;

otherwise, young people would only seal their fate in the poverty they were born

into. But poverty is not the only ‘qualification’ for one to be a working student.

One also needs to be doggedly determined and of solid personal qualities to be

able to face up to the challenge. A working student necessarily lives two lives all

at the same time – as worker and as student. The worker needs to be good in the

performance of his or her job, so that he or she may keep job. The student needs

the income to defray the expenses entailed in going to school. And at school it is
 important for the student to do well, too, in order to justify to hard-earned money

spent in his or her studies. Anyone who has the need to work in order to

be able to go to school or is confident to have what it takes to work and go to

school at the same time may try being a working student. It is never a self-effacing

engagement – but self-elating instead. For, again, it is a special person who can

carry two major life undertakings simultaneously. In this day and age, those who

want to try working and attending school at the same time are blessed with

various options. The number of options, though, does not mean these jobs are

easy. But at least the prospective working student may choose a job that best fits

his or her abilities and available time (Freeman, 2016). College school students

should not work part time while they are going to school because they will get

several disadvantages. The main point of those disadvantages is they will not

concentrate to their school. Another disadvantage is they cannot join in

extracurricular activity if they do work. The last disadvantage is they will not have

leisure in their teens to play with their peers. As has been noted, there are

several disadvantages that can be happening to you if you were a high school

student which has your own job out of study. There will be bad impacts that can

be appear of your study process. Instead of it, you can get the limited time

because a half of your time off used to work. Likewise, you can lose your leisure

time to enjoy with your friends. The facts showed those disadvantages. As a

result, it might be strong reason, being a student who has his own job is not good

idea. The best way is reason, being a student who has his own job is not good

idea. The best way is students have to give full concentration, time, and passion
their study to get the success (Maret, 2012). The study (Factors Affecting

Students’ Academic Performance). There are several factors affecting the

students’ academic performance. Some are home, school, teacher, and student

factors. Most of the factors are home related: family size, financial burden, work

at home, parental attitude towards education and parenting style. When it comes

to school, the relationship between the teacher and the students and the distance

of the school from home are some factors that affect (Garcia, 2017).

However, the student himself or herself contributes to the case particularly

the peer group influence. It reflects the students’ values and priorities when it

comes to the life’s choices. However, spending one hour more on student work

does not necessarily translate into spending one hour less on study activities

(Triventi. 2014). First as students in tertiary education have more flexibility in their

schedules the assumption that working crowds out time spent on activities that

foster academic performance the Zero Sum Theory may be less valid for them.

Indeed, their classes are usually not compulsory and they often have flexibility in

planning their academic workload by choosing between different courses

(Triventi, 2014). For examples, their choice is to study hard and give a focus on

the study. Many students need to longer days and longer weeks to carve enough

time for classes, study and work. Most Southwestern College students fail often

because work overwhelms their lives. Students should not have a choice. They

help support their families by chipping in for rent, buying groceries and playing

bills. International Student’s Experience of Studying and Working at a

 Northeastern Public University in the (US) through phenomenological research

approach that utilized face – to – face interview and photo-elicitation techniques,

the personal experience of twenty international students were captured. The

findings of this study indicated that these students benefited from the

responsibilities that resulted from their dual role as both students and employees

in many ways. However, they also suffered from emotional and physical

stress which resulted in tiredness, lack of sleep, role conflict, homesickness and

frustration. Interestingly, these students effectively employed different coping

mechanisms including finding social support, and participating in leisure and non-

leisure activities to off-set the negative effects of studying and working currently

Kwadzo (2014). According to the studies of Nucum and Kristian, 2013, they have

to maintain a specific time of duty and at the ssame time juggle their time in their

academics. Not every working student is successful in this matter. The amount of

stress, pressure and load they have to go through id immeasurable. It greatly

affects their holistic approach in life and how they perceive the future for

themselves and their family. The constant pressure of maintaining a quality work

attitude and output, a quality school career and a quality way of life is a daily

struggle to keep. The several advantages of this pattern is that the students will

not be able to concentrate on his/her studies which should have been the

number priority of the students, they will not enjoy their time as teens and most

specifically, they will miss out on what is the real of high school because they

technically skipped that part.

 Research Methodology

Research Methodology

To enhance a productive study, the following techniques for obtaining

related information would be adopted:

The researchers used internet access for related valuable information on

the subject matter. Literature such as related thesis and journals were reviewed there

challenges and perseverance encountered by the working students of Hospitality

Management to the students while survey questionnaires containing close and open –

ended questions were prepared and administrated in the study area to obtain facts,

opinions and views of respondents of the students. These approaches will represent an

overview of the methods used in the survey, which will include the research design,

population, sampling and sampling techniques, data collection and analysis.

 Map of Cebu

Location of the Research Locale

 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Researchers face ethical challenges and perseverance in all stages of the

study, from designing to reporting. This include anonymity; confidentiality, inform

consent and research here’s potential impact on the participants and vice versa

(JMed Ethics Hist Med., 2014). In their study able to conduct proper treatment

and did not force them to participate in their study and asked respectfully for their

approval and ensure to them that their privacy would be their priority the

researchers gave them the chance to express their own opinions and ideas and

also value their honesty in answering their questions.

The American Psychological Association (2009) pointed out that the goal

of the research project is to facilitate the learning through a better understanding

of research and how it influences practices. In addition, the researchers will need

to ensure that no harm occurs to these voluntary participants and that all

participants have made the decision to assist you after receiving full information

as to what is required and what, if any, potential negative consequences may

arise from such participation. Those who choose not to participate must also be

given the same information with which to make their decision not to be involved

and should not be disadvantaged by participating.

Individual differences were also considered assuring the personal

preferences of the participant were not a problem during the data gathering.

Thus, participants were handled according to decent and honourable standards

established in conducting the interview.

Data Management Act

This research will abide by all ethical guidelines and data privacy laws. To

comply with this, the raw data obtained during the survey that collected by the

researchers will be kept with utmost care and confidentially. The information

gathered will be painted outs and saved in a folder, which will be kept in a safe

place where only the researchers has access to it. Accessibility of the research

output and files will be restricted to the authorized office and to the target

publisher for monitoring and validation purposes, and if other researchers would

like to make a secondary data analysis whose reasons are valid, they can make

a request to the office upon the consent of the researcher. All research files shall

be stored for a minimum of three years and proper disposal of these files will be

observed as well.

Research Design

This study utilized the descriptive research design. This type was suitable

to the study because it signified interest to the present conditions, the challenges

and perseverance.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Table 1. The Research Flow

Research Environment

The study was conducted at Cebu Technological University at

Daanbantayan Campus which is located at Agujo, Daanbantayan, Cebu. There

were students respondents from different year level (1, 2 and 3) of BSHM who were

chosen randomly to answer the survey questionnaire given by the researchers and 30

selected students in BSHM Departments.

Research Instrument

A self – made questionnaire was used by the researchers. One part

considered of the reasons of being working student i0

Respondents

The respondents of this were the 30 students in Hospitality Curricula of

Cebu Technological University – Daanbantayan Campus Academic Year 2020 – 2021

respectively. The number of respondents was purposely selected to accomplish the

study.
Data Gathering Procedure
 To gather the data, the researchers asked approved to the Campus

Director for making school as the researcher's research environment. And as

the data are gathered, has been tallied, tabulated, analysed and interpreted.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following are the statistical treatment used in the data. Frequency was

used to determine the numerical quantity of the respondents: strongly agree,

undecided, agree, strongly disagree, disagree. Percentage was also used in the

data to express the proportion of the respondents from the sample of the total

population.

The Formula is:

f x 100
P=
N

Where:

P = is percentage

100 = is constant

/ Average Weighted Mean. This was used in the determining the general

description of the given variables or factors. The formula in getting the average

weighted mean is as follows:

 AVM= EWM

Where;

AVM= average weighted mean

WM= weighted mean

N= total number of variables

Simple percentage is also used to determine the percentage of the

demographic profile. Instead of each data point contributing equally to the final

mean, some data points contribute more ‘’weight‘’ than others. If all the weight

are equal then the weighted mean equals the arithmetic mean (the regular

“average” you’re use to). Weighted means are very common in statistic

especially when studying populations.

Selected students will be used to identify their challenges and

perseverance in BSHM and some coping mechanism to the respondents. The

rate that the respondents have given to the researchers will be then summed up

and be interpreted as follows:

5- Strongly Agree

4- Agree

3- Undecided

2- Disagree

1- Strongly Disagree
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Challenges is to discover or utilize the strength, determination, or skill

necessary to accomplish some difficult tasks successfully.

Homesickness is the longing that defines true feelings that misses being home

in the arms of his/her family.

Independent is not depending or contingent with others and trying to stand on

his/her own without relying on his/her parents.

Priorities is a condition of being more important than something or someone

else and therefore coming or being dealt with first.

Role – Conflict is a conflict among the corresponding to two or more statuses

that compete of a person’s limited time or could occur due to various strains

associated with multiple roles.

Work Study is a analysis of a specific job in an effort to find the most efficient

method in terms of time and effort.