UNIT II

Oral Communication, Principles of successful Oral Communication?

Oral Communication means transfer the information from one person to another

person through verbal. The communication used for the purpose of expression the

information to other people. Day to day routine every organization can apply all the

time. Communicate the message through spoken word in front of the audience.

BENEFITS OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

1. Time saving

2. Immediate feedback

3. Directly convey the message

4. Effective communication

LIMITATION OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

1. NO EVIDENCE

2. NO VALIDITY

3. NOT USED IN FUTURE

PRINCIPLES OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

1. Seven c’s of oral communication

2. Effective Body Language

3. Effective Para-language

4. Effective listening
The two side of effective oral communication.

The message which is convey through spoken word in front of the audience that they

will be must effective because they are totally depend upon the audience positive

response. The process which we are shows in figure that is easily explaining how to

make an effective two side oral communication.

LISTENER

INTERPRETATE

EVALUATE

RESPONSE

In first step the audience listen the message which is speak by the speaker. The

speakers always try to understand the level of audience and on behalf of the

audience use the contents, language etc. which help to make a healthy environment.

This is the first step which is depending on the speaker. (Healthy environment,

comfortable, convenient to listen the spoken word)

In second step listener interpretate or judge the spoken word in own language, so

always use those content which is convenient to interpretate by the receiver. Use the

simple language which is also help to express the contents.

In third step the listener compare own words with the speaker contents and judge in

final response.
In forth steps the listener finally given response he/she will get the messages or

not.

Written communication, purposes and principles of written communication.

Written Communication means convey the message through written word to the

receiver. Written communication is easily transferring the lengthy messages,

information to the audience.

PURPOSES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

1. Future Reference

2. Legal Validity

3. Lengthy data can be easily transmitted.

4. Easily to express the messages

PRINCIPLES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

1. Avoid Jargon (Use common language, Avoid the professional words)

2. Seven c’s of written communication

3. Coherence (add paragraph with the previous contents)

4. Unity (whole message equally with the particular topic)

5. Accuracy (use accurate contents in a particular information)

1. AVOID JARGON: - When you have no way to express an idea except to use

technical language, make sure to define your terms. However, it's best to

keep definitions to a minimum. Remember to write to communicate, not to

 impress. If you do that, you should naturally use less jargon. Jargon is a

literary term that is defined as the use of specific phrases and words in a

particular situation, profession, or trade. These specialized terms are used to

convey hidden meanings accepted and understood in that

field. Jargon examples are found in literary and non-literary pieces of writing.

2. COHERENCE:- Coherence is a state or situation in which all the parts

or ideas fit together well so that they form a united whole.

3. UNITY:- Unity is the state of different areas or groups being joined together to

form a single country or organization

4. ACCURACY: - The accuracy of a measurement is how close a result comes

to the true value. Determining the accuracy of a chemical analysis

measurement may require calibration of the analytical method with a

known standard.

3x3 writing process for Business Communication.

3x3 writing process is the tools where the sender can clearly write up the clear

message, without any spelling mistake or grammatical mistake. It is basically help to

rectify the errors before sending the message to the receiver. The 3x3 writing

process are as follows:-

 WRITING
•1. PLAN •1. PROOF
•2. RESOURCES •1. ORGANISE READING
•2. IMPLIMENT

PRE-WRITING
WRITING REVISING

PRE WRITING is the first step where the sender can make the plan to write the

contents, it is the planning stage where the senders raise the resources to write the

contents in particular messages.

WRITING
G is the second step where the sender can organize all the contents

according to the plan. It is the implementing step where the writer can write the

particular message.

REVISING is the final step where the writer can evaluate or judge the written

contents that are right or wrong and it is also help to rectify the errors before sending

the message to the receiver.

Non Verbal Communication.

Nonverbal communication (NVC) is the non-linguistic transmission of information

through visual, auditory, tactile, and kinaesthetic (physical) channels.

Nonverbal communication is the transmission of messages or signals through a

nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and
the distance between two individuals. This form of communication is characterized

by multiple channels and scholars argue that nonverbal communication can convey

more meaning than verbal communication.

Nonverbal communication involves the conscious and unconscious processes of

encoding and decoding. Encoding is the act of generating information such as facial

expressions, gestures, and postures. Encoding information utilizes signals which we

may think to be universal. Decoding is the interpretation of information from received

sensations given by the encoder. Decoding information utilizes knowledge one may

have of certain received sensations. For example, refer to the picture provided

above. The encoder holds up two fingers and the decoder may know from previous

experience that this means two.

The Nonverbal encoding sequence includes facial expressions, gestures, posture,

tone of voice, tactile stimulation such as touch, and body movements, like when

someone moves closer to communicate or steps away due to spatial boundaries.

The Decoding process involves the use of received sensations combined with

previous experience with understanding the meaning of communications with others.

1. First impression

It takes just one-tenth of a second for someone to judge and make their first

impression. A first impression is a lasting non-verbal communicator. The way a

person portrays themselves on the first encounter is non-verbal statement to the

observer. "First impressions are lasting impressions." There can be positive and

negative impressions. Positive impressions can be made through the way people

present themselves. Presentation can include clothing and other visible attributes.
Negative impressions can also be based on presentation and also on personal

prejudice. First impressions, although sometimes misleading, can in many situations

be an accurate depiction of others.

2. Posture

Posture is a nonverbal cue that is associated with positioning and that these two are

used as sources of information about individual's characteristics, attitudes, and

feelings about themselves and other people. There are many different types of body

positioning to portray certain postures, including slouching, towering, legs spread,

jaw thrust, shoulders forward, and arm crossing.

3. Clothing

Clothing is one of the most common forms of non-verbal communication. The study

of clothing and other objects as a means of non-verbal communication is known

as ataractics. The types of clothing that an individual wears convey nonverbal cues

about his or her personality, background and financial status, and how others will

respond to them. An individual's clothing style can demonstrate their culture, mood,

level of confidence, interests, age, authority, and values/beliefs. For instance,

Jewish men may wear a yarmulke to outwardly communicate their religious belief.

Similarly, clothing can communicate what nationality a person or group is; for

example, in traditional festivities Scottish men often wear kilts to specify their culture.

4. Gestures

Gestures may be made with the hands, arms or body, and also include movements

of the head, face and eyes, such as winking, nodding, or rolling one's eyes. Although

the study of gesture is still in its infancy, some broad categories of gestures have

been identified by researchers. The most familiar are the so-called emblems or
quotable gestures. These are conventional, culture-specific gestures that can be

used as replacement for words, such as the hand wave used in western cultures for

"hello" and "goodbye". A single emblematic gesture can have a very different

significance in different cultural contexts, ranging from complimentary to highly

offensive. For a list of emblematic gestures, see List of gestures. There are some

universal gestures like the shoulder shrug

5. Symbolic

Other hand movements are considered to be gestures. They are movements with

specific, conventionalized meanings called symbolic gestures. Familiar symbolic

gestures include the "raised fist," "bye-bye," and "thumbs up." In contrast to

adapters, symbolic gestures are used intentionally and serve a clear communicative

function. Every culture has their own set of gestures, some of which are unique only

to a specific culture. Very similar gestures can have very different meanings across

cultures. Symbolic gestures are usually used in the absence of speech, but can also

accompany speech.

6. Eye contact

Eye contact is the instance when two people look at each other's eyes at the same

time; it is the primary nonverbal way of indicating engagement, interest, attention and

involvement. Some studies have demonstrated that people use their eyes to indicate

interest. This includes frequently recognized actions movements of the eyebrows.

Disinterest is highly noticeable when little or no eye contact is made in a social

setting. When an individual is interested, however, the pupils will dilate.