Design of Low and Medium Voltage Networks (1) - 1

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‫"تنويو"‬
‫اْ اٌغشض ِٓ ٘زا اٌىحاب ٘‪ ٛ‬جّىيٓ ِ‪ٕٙ‬ذط جصّيُ األػّاي اٌى‪ٙ‬شتيٗ ِٓ أْ يى‪ ْٛ‬ػٍي دسايٗ ‪ٚٚ‬ػي جاَ‬
‫تىً خط‪ٛ‬ات اٌحصّيُ‪ِٚ ،‬حطٍثات وً خط‪ٚ ،ٖٛ‬األو‪ٛ‬اد اٌخاصٗ تاألػّاي اٌى‪ٙ‬شتيٗ‪.‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬لذ زشصث في ٘زا اٌؼًّ ‪ -‬تمذس اعحطاػحي‪ -‬أْ يعُ إٌظشيات ‪ٚ‬اٌم‪ٛ‬أيٓ ‪ٚ‬األو‪ٛ‬اد اٌخاصٗ تىً ِشزٍٗ‬
‫ِٓ ِشازً اٌحصّيُ‪ ،‬تدأة اٌخثشٖ ‪ٚ‬إٌظشٖ اٌؼٍّيٗ اٌحي جحطٍث‪ٙ‬ا وً ِشزٍٗ‪ ،‬زحي يى‪ ْٛ‬اٌّحذسب ػٍي دسايٗ‬
‫‪ٚٚ‬ػي واًِ تطشيمٗ اٌحصّيُ اٌغٍيّٗ‪.‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬لذ زشصث ‪-‬أيعا‪ -‬ػٍي أْ يى‪ ْٛ‬أعٍ‪ٛ‬ب اٌىحاب ع‪ ًٙ‬في اٌؼشض‪ ،‬زحي يف‪ ّٗٙ‬اٌّحذسب تغ‪ٚ ٌٗٛٙ‬يغش‪،‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬زحي يغحفيذ ِٕٗ أوثش ػذد ِّىٓ ِٓ ِ‪ٕٙ‬ذعي جصّيُ األػّاي اٌى‪ٙ‬شتيٗ في وً ِىاْ‪ ،‬زحي أٔٗ يّىٓ‬
‫ٌٍطالب أْ يمشأ‪ِ ٚ‬سح‪ٛ‬يات اٌىحاب ‪ٚ‬يف‪ّٙٔٛٙ‬ا تغ‪ٚ ،ٌٗٛٙ‬وزٌه يغحفيذ ِٕٗ اٌخشيديٓ‪ٚ ،‬وثيش ِّٓ ٌٗ ازحىان‬
‫تاٌسياٖ اٌؼٍّيٗ‪ ،‬فاٌىحاب يعُ اٌىثيش ِٓ ِحطٍثات اٌحصّيُ اٌحي عحفيذ اٌماسئ أيا وأث ِؼشفحٗ ‪ٚ‬خثشجٗ‪.‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬يدة اٌحٕ‪ٛ‬يٗ ‪-‬أيعا‪ -‬أْ ٘زا اٌىحاب ٌيظ اخحشاػا خذيذا ‪ٚ‬أّا ٘‪ ٛ‬اخح‪ٙ‬اد ِٓ اٌىاجة‪ ،‬اٌىحاب في اٌسميمٗ‬
‫ٌيظ اال ٔمً تحصشف‪ٚ ،‬جٕظيُ ألػّاي وثيشٖ ِ‪ٛ‬خ‪ٛ‬دٖ ػٍي شثىة االٔحشٔث‪ِ ،‬غ تؼط اٌضيادات أ‪ ٚ‬اٌسزف أ‪ٚ‬‬
‫إٌمً‪ ،‬ع‪ٛ‬اء واْ ٔمال واِال أ‪ ٚ‬خضئيا أ‪ ٚ‬تحصشف‪ٚ ،‬وزٌه اظافٗ تؼط اٌفص‪ٛ‬ي ‪ٚ‬اٌّؼٍ‪ِٛ‬ات اٌ‪ٙ‬اِٗ اٌحي ج‪ُٙ‬‬
‫ِ‪ٕٙ‬ذعي اٌحصّيُ‪.‬‬
‫اْ ٘زٖ اٌطثؼٗ ٘ي اٌطثؼٗ األ‪ٌٚ‬ي ِٓ اٌىحاب‪ٚ ،‬عيى‪ٕ٘ ْٛ‬ان غثؼات أخشي لادِٗ في اٌش‪ٛٙ‬س أ‪ ٚ‬اٌغٕ‪ٛ‬ات‬
‫اٌمٍيٍٗ اٌمادِٗ تارْ هللا‪ ،‬جسح‪ٛ‬ي ػٍي تؼط اٌحؼذيالت زحي ٔصً ألفعً ٔحيدٗ ِّىٕٗ ‪ٚ‬زحي ٔ‪ٛ‬اوة‬
‫اٌّحغيشات في ع‪ٛ‬ق اٌؼًّ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ِٓٚ‬واْ ٌذيٗ أي أفىاسأ‪ ٚ‬جؼذيالت ٌحط‪ٛ‬يش ٘زا اٌؼًّ فيّىٕٕا اٌح‪ٛ‬اصً ػثش اٌفيغث‪ٛ‬ن‪:‬‬
‫‪https://www.facebook.com/alaa.hmam.9‬‬
‫أ‪ ٚ‬ػٓ غشيك االيّيً‪:‬‬
‫‪Alaa.hmam36@gmail.com‬‬
‫‪Eng_3laa36@yahoo.com‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬في إٌ‪ٙ‬ايٗ أعاي هللا اٌؼظيُ أْ يدؼً ٘زا اٌىحاب ِفيذا ٌىً ِٓ يمشأٖ‪ٚ ،‬أْ يدؼٍٗ في ِيضاْ زغٕاجٕا‪.‬‬
‫م‪ /‬عال ء مومم لحموسلي‬

‫‪Eng/ Alaa Hmam‬‬
‫‪Eng/Alaa Hmam‬‬
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INDEX
CHAPTER 1:
Basic AutoCAD Commands …………….…………………………………. 7
CHAPTER 2:
Load Estimation …………….……………………………………………… 23
CHAPTER 3:
Basic Definitions of Lighting …….………………………………………… 25
CHAPTER 4:
Parameters of Indoor Lighting Design …………………………………… 31
CHAPTER 5:
Lighting Design Using Manual Calculation ……………………………… 55
CHAPTER 6:
Lighting Design Using DIALux …………………………………………… 59
CHAPTER 7:
Sockets ……………………………………………………………………… 105
CHAPTER 8:
Indoor Wiring ………………………………………….…………………… 111
CHAPTER 9:
Lifts and Elevators ………….……………………………………………… 116
CHAPTER 10:
Heating Ventilation Air Condition (HVAC) ……………………………… 122
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CHAPTER 11:
Load Study ………………………….………………….…………………144
CHAPTER 12:
Panel Boards ……………………………...………………………….……149
CHAPTER 13:
Circuit Breaker ……………………………………………………………159
CHAPTER 14:
Cables ………………………………………………………………………167
CHAPTER 15:
Cable Routing ………………………………………………………………187
CHAPTER 16:
Bus Duct …………………….………………………………………………208
CHAPTER 17:
Phase Balance ……………………………………………………………… 219
CHAPTER 18:
Distribution Transformers …………………………………………………225
CHAPTER 19:
Diesel Generator ……………………….……………………………………235
CHAPTER 20:
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) ………………………………………238
CHAPTER 21:
Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) ………………………….………………241
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CHAPTER 22:
Ring Main Unit (RMU) …………………………………………………… 244
CHAPTER 23:
Distributors ………………………………………………………………… 251
CHAPTER 24:
Feeding System ………………..…………………………………………… 266
CHAPTER 25:
‫………………………… قولعد توصيل لحتغريو لحكهسبيو حلونشمت لحسكنيو بمحقس يلحودى‬.. 289
CHAPTER 26:
Power Factor Correction …………………………………………………… 298
CHAPTER 27:
Power System Representation Using ETAP ……………………….………. 314
CHAPTER 28:
Voltage Drop Calculation …………………………………………………… 322
CHAPTER 29:
Short Circuit Calculation …………………………………………………… 325
CHAPTER 30:
Street Lighting ……………………………………………………………….. 328
CHAPTER 31:
Coordination Study ………………………………………………………….. 347
CHAPTER 32:
Light Current …………………………...……………………………………. 366
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‫‪CHAPTER 33:‬‬
‫‪ …………………………………………………… 399‬لحمصس يلحوقميسو يلحوستخلصمت‬
‫‪CHAPTER 34:‬‬
‫‪ ……………………………………….. 408‬نووذج تصوين كهسبي كمهل حوبني في هدينو بدز‬
‫‪6‬‬
Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
Load estimation
To calculate the total load of any project before starting the design.
Essential types of loads in any project are:
1. Lighting Power
2. Power (Sockets)
3. HVAC
4. Others (Lifts, Fire pump, Laundry, Medical equipment, Water pump, and so on).
Small
Lighting power(sockets) A/C
place 2 2 Notes
VA/m 2 VA/m
VA/m
Banks 20 ; 40 30 50 : 70
Cafeteria 25 : 45 5 60 : 100
Computer center 15 : 25 15 120 : 200
Basement Stores 30 : 50 15 -
Mid Floor 25 : 45 10 50 : 70
Upper Floor 20 : 40 5 -
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Garages 5 1.5 -
Hospital 20 : 30 10 50 - 70
Hotels 10 : 30 5 50 - 80
40 – 70 (‫)ػادي‬
Office 15 – 35 15 110 – 120
(‫)ِشوضي‬
40 – 70 (‫)ػادي‬
Library 15 – 35 5 100 – 120
(‫)ِشوضي‬
Restaurants 15 : 25 2.5 60 : 100
Schools 15 : 35 15 35 : 50
‫ػاٌي خذا‬
Theaters 20 : 30 10 700 : 1000 ْ‫الْ اٌّىا‬
‫ِغٍك‬
Shops 30 : 50 10 50 – 90
‫اٌحىييف في‬
ٓ‫االِاو‬
ٗ‫اٌصٕاػي‬
Industrial building 10 : 20 10 - ْٛ‫يى‬
‫زغة‬
‫اٌطٍة‬
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Chapter 3
Basic Definitions of Lighting
3.1 Basic Definitions:

3.1.1 Light:
The human eye is sensitive for electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 380 and
720 nm. If the wavelength is less than 380 nm, it is called ultraviolet light; if the wavelength is
higher than 720 nm, it is called infra-red light (thermal radiation).
3.1.2 Luminous flux ( ø ) (lm):

The luminous flux is the amount of visible electromagnetic radiation, measured in lumens
(lm).
The lamp manufacturers specify the rated luminous flux of their lamps.
The luminous flux is expressed in lumens (lm).
Luminous flux is measured in an Ulbricht sphere.
3.1.3 Luminous intensity:

I = Phi/sr (cd)
The luminous intensity always relates to a
certain direction and is connected with the
operation of reflectors and diffusers.
The luminous intensity is the luminous flux
radiated in a certain solid angle (sr), divided
by this solid angle.
The luminous intensity is expressed in candelas (cd).
Luminous intensity distributions of luminaires are measured in a photometer.
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3.1.4 Illuminance:
E = Phi/A (lx)
The illuminance refers to the incidence of the light flux on a surface, per unit of surface
The illuminance is expressed in lux (lx).
Full moon 0.1 lx Emergency
lighting 1 lx Street lighting
10 lx winter day 10 000 lx
summer day 100 000 lx
Illuminance is measured with a lux meter.
3.1.5 Luminance:
L = E/A (cd/m2)
Luminance indicates the degree of brightness with which the human eye perceives a light
source or an illuminated surface.
The luminance is expressed in candela per square meter (cd/m2).
Luminance is measured with a luminance meter.
3.1.6 Color temperature Tc (K):

Temperature of a certain object (black body) that radiates light of the same type of color as
the given light source.
Incandescent lamps have a color temperature of 2700 K, but halogen lamps have a higher
color temperature.
A higher color temperature is perceived as a „cooler‟ light (more blue).
The color temperature is expressed in Kelvin (K).
Candle 1900 K
Incandescent lamp 2700 K
Halogen lamp 3000 K
Direct sunlight 6000 K
Daylight with cloudy sky 7000 K
Daylight with clear sky 20000 K
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3.1.7 Color rendering index Ra (%):
The color rendering index indicates to what degree the color rendering of a light source
deviates from that of an incandescent lamp.
With Ra (8), the color shift of eight reference colors is measured as a percentage.
The Ra is the average of these eight values.
A color rendering index of 100 to 90 is good, 90 to 80 are less good and lamps with a Ra
below 80 are unsuited for applications where color rendering is important.
3.1.8 Uniformity ratio:

G = Emin/Egem (%)
The uniformity ratio is the ratio between the minimum illuminance and the
average illuminance on a surface. This figure indicates the degree of ―evenness‖.
E = 1 indicates complete uniformity.
3.1.9 Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR):

The SHR is the number that indicates the maximum that the fixtures may be apart to still
achieve sufficient uniformity.
The number is given as the ratio between the distance between the fixtures and the height
between the fixtures and the working plane.
As a result, the same number applies to every suspension height.
3.1.10 Room index k:

The room index is the ratio between the surface of the working plane and the half surface
of the adjacent walls.
This indicates whether a room is narrow and high, or low and wide.
This influences the amount of light that is reflected to the working plane from the walls.
k = a . b / (h . (a + b))
a = length of the room
b = width of the room
h = height between the lighting fixtures and the working plane.
3.1.11 Maintenance factor:

As a result of contamination of the lamp and fixture, plus degradation of the lamp,
the illuminance reduces in the course of time.
This must be taken into account during the lighting design.
With normal maintenance, the maintenance factor should be 0.8 or higher.
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3.1.12 Specific luminous flux:
The specific luminous flux indicates how efficiently a lamp converts electrical energy to light
that is visible for human beings.
This is indicated in lumens per Watt (lm/W).
3.1.13 Light Output Ratio (LOR):

The luminaire efficiency indicates how well a fixture uses the luminous flux of the lamp.
This is indicated as the ratio between the luminous flux of a fixture and the light
source of the „bare‟ lamp, expressed as a percentage.
3.1.14 Utilization Factor (UF):

The utilization factor indicates how well a lighting installation uses the luminous flux of
the lamps.
This is indicated as the ratio between the luminous flux that reaches the working plane and
the light source of the bare lamps, expressed as a percentage.
3.1.15 Depreciation Factor:

This is merely the reverse of the maintenance factor and defined as the ratio of initial meter-
candles to the ultimate maintained meter-candles on the working plane.
Its value is varies from 0.80 to 1.00.
3.1.16 Absorption Factor:

It is the ratio of total lumens available after absorption to the total lumens emitted by the
source of light.
Its value varies from unity for clean atmosphere to 0.50 for foundries.
3.1.17 Beam Factor:

The ratio of lumens in the beam of a projector to the lumens given out by the lamps.
Its value varies from 0.30 to 0.60.
3.1.18 Reflection Factor:

It is the ratio of reflected light to the incident light. It is always less than unit.
3.2 Design of Lighting Schemes:

The following factors are required to be considered while designing the lighting scheme.
I. The lighting scheme should be such that it may provide adequate
illumination.
II. Provide light distribution all over the working plane as uniform as possible.
III. Provide light of suitable color.
IV. Avoid glare and hard shadows as far as possible.
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3.2.1 Illuminance level:
To determine how much light is required, account must be taken of the type of visual task:
I. To be able to safely find the emergency exit in a building, 1 lx is sufficient.
II. To be able to distinguish facial expressions, approx. 20 lx is required.
III. For accent lighting in shop windows, 1500 – 2000 lx is usual.
IV. Operation tables must be illuminated with a minimum of 5000 lx.
V. In rooms where people work, legal minima apply for the illuminance, depending on
the room and on the visual task.
VI. These minima relate to the average illuminance in the working area.
VII. The uniformity in the working area may not be less than 0.7, and not less than 0.5 In
the immediate surroundings.
VIII. The initial illuminance values must be higher than the legal minima, because
account must be taken of light degradation caused by contamination and ageing of
lamps and fixtures.
3.3 Glare prevention:
Glare occurs when one part of the visual field is much brighter than the average brightness
to which the visual system is adapted.
Glare is divided into discomfort glare and disability glare.
Measures have to be taken to limit discomfort glare in lighting installations.
3.3.1 Shielding:
A shielding angle can be stated for open fixtures and for fixtures that are supplied with a
clear, non-structured covering.
The shielding angle is the angle from which the lamp or its reflection in the reflector is
no longer visible.
The following minima apply according to the European standard EN 12461, Lighting of
Indoor Work Places.
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Luminance (kcd/m2) Example Minimum shielding angle
1 to 20 fluorescent tube (º) 10
20 to 50 compact fluorescent lamp 15
50 to 500 discharge lamp (mat) 20
more than 500 discharge lamp (clear) 30
3.3.2 Placing fixtures:

Reflections from fixtures on glossy paper can make it difficult to read printed matter.
This type of glare is called veiling glare.
Fixtures must be placed in the room such that veiling glare is avoided.
3.3.3 Rooms with computer displays:

The European standard EN 12464, Lighting of Indoor Work Places, contains
regulations with regard to the allowed luminance of fixtures of which the mirror image
can be visible in computer displays.
If light is emitted at an angle of 65‫ ؛‬or more to the vertical axis of a fixture, the
2
luminance above this angle may not be more than 1000 cd/m .
When using displays with light characters on a dark background, a maximum of 200
2
cd/m applies.
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Chapter 4
Parameters of Indoor Lighting Design
4.1 Room Function:

To know
Lighting Level [LUX] Type of Luminaire

Get from standard code tables Get from Lighting Catalogue
IEC (international engineering code)
EC (Egyptian code)
NEC (national engineering code)
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4.2 Room Dimension:
To know number of luminaires which achieve the suitable LUX.?
N α area
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4.3 Ceiling Type:
4.3.1 Surface mounted ceiling:
4.3.2 Recessed mounted ceiling:
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4.3.3 Suspended mounted ceiling:
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4.3.4 Gipson board mounted ceiling:
‫يفضل في حاله سقف الجبس استخدام اسبوتات‬
4.4 Work plane height:
Depends on furniture such as:
Take ―zero‖ if corridor or shops.
Take ―80cm‖ if office.
4.5 Environment:
To specify the index protection
Dust Moisture
[0 - 6] [0 – 8]
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4.6 Indoor or Outdoor Lighting:
To specify:-
4.6.1 Type of luminaire.
4.6.2 Maintenance factor [Indoor take 0.8 & outdoor take (0.6-0.4)].
4.7 Luminaire selection
Lamp Ballast (Gear) Housing
4.7.1 Type of lamps
Filament LED Gas Discharge

Incandescent Fluorescent
Halogen (Tungsten) High Pressure sodium
Reflector Low Pressure Sodium
High Pressure Mercury
Metal Halide
Filament Lamps:
I. Incandescent Lamp:
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Power
(Watt) 60 W 75 W 100 W 150 W 200 W 300 W 500 W 1000 W
Lumen 730 960 1350 2220 3150 3500 8400 13800
Lum/W 12.2 12.5 13.5 14.9 15.5 16.7 16.8 18.8
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II. Halogen or tungsten lamps:
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III. Reflected Lamps:
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Gas Discharge Lamps:
I. Fluorescent Lamps
Tube Compact
TL-D (T8) Lamps Integrated
TL-5 Lamps Non Integrated
Fluorescent tubes are a low-pressure mercury discharge lamp in which light is produced
predominantly through fluorescent powder activated by the discharge ultraviolet energy.
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For Surface mounted ceiling:
Use luminaire 4x18 watt in (offices – education---------)
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58 watt lamps used in open area such as: Supermarket and Hyper malls.
Because it gives 5400lumen
For Recessed mounted celling: according to the area of the celling

For Surface mounted celling: the same as in TL-D type.
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Compact Fluorescent Lamps: - (Saving Lamp)
Integrated type
Low lumen/watt
Non Integrated type:

High Lumen/watt
Life time about 10,000H
Used in spots:
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II. High Pressure Sodium [SON]:
Color Rendering 25%
Color: yellow
type power lumen Lumen/watt C.R Life time
150W 17500 110 Lm/W 25% 38,000 hr.
SON 250W 33200 128 Lm/W 25% 38,000 hr.
400W 56500 138 Lm/W 25% 38,000 hr.
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III. Low Pressure Sodium [SOX]:
Life
type power lumen Lumen/watt C.R time
90W 13600 150 45% 18,000H

SOX
180W 32000 177 45% 18,000H
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IV. High Pressure Mercury [HPM]:
Color Rendering 4 5 %
Color: white
type power lumen Lumen/watt C.R Life time
250W 12700 50 Lm/W 45% 15,000 hr.

HPM
400W 22000 55 Lm/W 45% 15,000 hr.
V. Metal Halide:
Color Rendering 70 – 90%

Color: white
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type lumen power Life time application
spots
3100 35W 10,000H
5600 70W 10,000H
12500 150 W 10,000H
factories
MH 19000 250 W 10,000H
32500 400 W 10,000H
Sports area
100000 1000 W 10,000H
200000 2000 W 10,000H
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LED Lighting:
LED stands for Light Emitting Diode.
Led is semiconductor device that allow current to pass through one direction. Once current
passes through, the diode emits light.
Advantages o f LED’S:
1. High efficiency (lumen/watt) about 100 lumen /watt.
2. High life time up to 50,000hr.
3. Dimmable.
4. Low temperature.
5. Different colors (RGB).
6. No maintenance.
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LED System:
LED tube LED compact lamps
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Efficiency
Color
Lamp type Power(watt) lumen Length Life time (lumen
rendering
/watt)
18W 1350 85% 60Cm 10,000 hr. 75 Lm/W
TL-D fluorescent 36W 3350 85% 120Cm 10,000 hr. 93 Lm/W
58W 5400 85% 150Cm 10,000 hr. 93 Lm/W
14W 1200 85% 60Cm 20,000 hr. 86 Lm/W
TL-5 fluorescent 28W 2900 85% 120Cm 20,000 hr. 103 Lm/W
35W 4000 85% 150Cm 20,000 hr. 114 Lm/W
18W 1300 82% ---------- 10,000 hr. 72 Lm/W
compact
fluorescent 26W 1800 82% ---------- 10,000 hr. 70Lm/W
(nonintegrated)
36W 2800 82% ---------- 10,000 hr. 78 Lm/W
20 W 300 100% ---------- 4000 hr. 15 Lm/W
35 W 600 100% ---------- 4000 hr. 18 Lm/W
Halogen
70 W 1 400 100% ---------- 4000 hr. 20 Lm/W
100 W 2 550 100% ---------- 4000 hr. 15 Lm/W
150 W 17500 25% ---------- 38,000 hr. 110 Lm/W
High pressure
250 W 33200 25% ---------- 38,000 hr. 128 Lm/W
sodium
400 W 56500 25% ---------- 38,000 hr. 138 Lm/W
High pressure 250 W 12700 45% ---------- 15,000 hr. 50 Lm/W

MERCUR 400 W 22000 45% ---------- 15,000 hr. 55 Lm/W
Y
35W 3100 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr.
70W 5600 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr. 79 Lm/W
150 W 12500 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr. 86 Lm/W
Metal halide 250 W 19000 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr. 76 Lm/W
400 W 32500 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr. 82 Lm/W
1000 W 100000 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr. 96.2 Lm/W
2000 W 200000 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr. 98 Lm/W
led 85% ---------- 50,000 hr. 110 Lm/W
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3.7.2 Ballast:
Types of Ballast:-
1. Magnetic Ballast
PF [0.4- 0.6]
Used in cold room
2. Electronic Ballast
PF (0.9-0.97)
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3.7.3 Housing:
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Chapter 5
Lighting Design Using Manual Calculation
Where
N: Number of Luminaires
n: number of lamps per luminaire
Lux: Lighting level, get from standard table (IEC, EC and NEC)
a: Room width
b: Room length
U.F: Utilization factor
M.F: Maintenance factor
1. Utilization factor (U.F):
Calculate room index [k] =
Then by knowing the color of walls, celling and ground we can get the U.F from the table.
R: Reflection of walls, celling and work plane.

K: Room index.
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2. Maintenance Factor (M.F):
Indoor lighting [M.F = 0.8]
Outdoor lighting [M.F = 0.4 - 0.6]
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3. Lux [ Lighting Level ]:
Take the value from standard tables codes (EC or IEC)
4. Lumen:
Get from specification of lamp in catalogues.
From calculation if the total number of luminaire in the room = [N], then to get the number of
luminaire in length and width calculate the following:
Number of luminaire in length (column) =
Number of luminaire in width (row) =
Example:
If we have office room with the following dimensions:
a= 8.5 m b= 8.5 m h= 4m
Lux= 500 Lux use (4X14 Watt) ----->lumen= 1200
Distance between two luminaire must be equal double distance between wall and
luminaire.
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Chapter 6
Lighting Design Using DIALux
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Chapter 7
Sockets
7.1 Types of sockets:
7.1.1 Normal Sockets:
It is used for light load only. Its ratings are
2A, 3A, 5A and 10A. Rating (3A) and
(5A) can be used for bedrooms, entrance
and balcony which needs low electrical
power appliances such as T.V, Radio and
small electrical fans.
7.1.2 Power Sockets:

Is called electrical socket, mains socket, plug-in, outlet,
respectable and female power connector; Used for
automatic washing cloth machines, air conditions, dish
washers and electrical ovens. Its rating is at least equal to
16A.
7.1.3 Emergency Power Sockets:

Mainly used in ventilation systems.
Has a main sign which is EXIT sign.
Each socket is a single circuit directly connected to the
panel board.
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7.1.4 Weather proof socket:
7.1.5 Three phase socket:
7.1.6 Column sockets:
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7.1.7 Floor boxes:
A wide range of accessory
plates is available for power
data and telecommunication
services.
We use floor box for any
equipment with many plugs
like computers and it’s
attached.
7.1.8 Trunking sockets:

‫تستخدم في غسف لحعوليمت يلحعنميو لحوسكزه يلالفمقو‬
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7.2 Sockets Design:
In Egyptian code which indicates that the distance between each socket is 3.65m but we put
in our consideration the place of furniture in the place which we insert socket in.
In corridors the distance between each socket is (6-8) m. We put three types of
sockets:
1. Normal sockets
2. Power sockets
3. Emergency sockets
In each normal circuit the designed current of normal or emergency is 5A so we
distribute the 8-12 outlets of sockets in each circuit where the rate of each
normal socket is 180 VA.
The circuit breaker of normal socket is 16A.
Its CSA of the cable is 3mm^2(from Egyptian code).
Power socket outlet is inserted in a separate circuit it is inserted for high power load like
bath heater.
We deign some of the outlets of socket in the emergency system (20%_30%) from normal
sockets.
The CSA of the cable of power socket is not less than 4mm^2.
When the utility of service is cut off this emergency socket is in service they are loaded
on the generator of the system in these abnormal conditions and in normal case they are
loaded on the transformer.
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Indoor Wiring
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Chapter 9
Lifts and Elevators
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Chapter 10
Heating Ventilation Air Condition (HVAC)
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Chapter 11
Load Study
11.1 Introduction:
The main objective of distribution system is to supply customers with their power needs with
adequate level of quality.
In the low voltage distribution part some components are used of certain ratings to meet the
need of rated voltage and rated current.
Low voltage design for the residential complex involves load estimation starting from the
smallest dwelling unit till reaching the distribution transformer.
Load may be broadly classified into three categories:
1. Industrial loads.
2. Residential loads.
3. Commercial loads.
The term residential building encompasses buildings for private dwelling. Apartment buildings
may be considered as residential or commercial according to activity and type of loads.
Most of residential loads are single phase; hence special design is necessary in order to
avoid some undesired characteristics such as phase unbalance. Typical residential loads include
all appliance found in a house. For example:
1. Heaters.
2. Lighting.
3. Air conditioner.
4. Washing machines and dishwater machines.
5. Besides that, the typical lighting and sockets circuits
11.2 Important terms and factors:
11.2.1 Connected load:
It is the sum of continuous ratings of all the equipment connected loads to the supply system
but not necessary operating.
11.2.2 Demand Factor:
Each device has a maximum capacity for absorption of power. For the usual case device of a
group operated by an individual consumer can function independently. If all the devices run to
their fullest extent simultaneously, the maximum demand of the consumer on the energy
system would equal his connected load. However, experience demonstrates that the actual
maximum demand of a consumer will be less than his connected load since all the devices
never run at full load at the same time.
The relationship of maximum demand and connected load measured by:
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Maximum Demand
Demand Factor =‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
Connected Load
The demand factor depends upon the nature and activities of the consumer and to some
extent upon the location of the power system. Various studies indicate that demand factor
may vary from about 25% for hotels to 90 % for refrigeration plants. Each device will
reach its own maximum demand at some time during its operation, but the demand
factor measures the extent of a group of devices of which it is a part.
11.2.3 Diversity Factor:
Experience shows that the maximum demands of individual consumers do not occur
simultaneously but are spread out over a period of time this holds for consumers whose
activities and energy requirements are very similar. The time distribution of maximum
demands for similar types of consumers is measured by the diversity factor, where:
The group diversity factor is always greater than unity. Diversity factors for residential
consumers are usually highest at about 5.0, whereas large industrial consumers may have
values as low as 1.3. Since diversity exists between individual maximum demands; the
proportion contributed to the system maximum demand by each consumer is less than his
maximum demand.
The peak demand of a system is made up of the individual demands of the devices that
happen to be functioning at the time of the peak. At the time of the system peak demand the
demand of a particular group of similar consumers is seldom at the maximum value that it
may reach at some other time of the year. This diversity is measured by:
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11.2.4 Load Factor:
Is the degree of variation of the load over a period of time is measured by the load factor,
which may be defined as:
Load Factor = Average Load for a period

Peak Load for period
11.2.5 Variation in Demand:
The chronological variation in demand for energy on the source of supply is plotted graphically
for study and easy comprehension. Such graphs for electrical energy demands are generally
termed load curves.
The curve for the electrical load (Fig. 1) typifies a factory operation on a one-shift basis. In
early morning hours the demand is generally for lightning and auxiliary drive for the heating
boiler plant as well as some processes that require continuous energy supply such as
refrigeration and electric furnaces. About 5 a.m. some of the factory machinery starts running,
perhaps for warming prior to operation, or it may be that one department starts earlier in the
day than the reminder of the organization to synchronize the properly.
By 8 a.m. in this particular case the entire plant is running, and energy demand remains
substantially constant until shortly before noon. Load falls off as some of the machines shut
down during the lunch period the extent of the noon-hour dip depends upon the individual
factory. By 2 p.m. the load attains about the same level as during the morning. Shortly before
4 p.m. the load starts to drop as the day’s work ends in the various departments. At 6 p.m.
most of the machines are shut down, and the load gradually tapers off until about 9 or 10 p.m.
when the minimum demand is reached and continuous until the start of the next working day.
Industrial loads are affected by the seasons in need of heating and lighting.
Load Curves for Dwellings (Fig. 2) are typical of a residential community rather than just one
residence. During the early morning hour’s energy runs night lights, refrigerators, water
heaters, oil burners, and the like, in the winter the early risers require lights and, to prepare
breakfast, toasters, etc. after the rising and breakfast hour the demand decreases somewhat, and
equipment such as vacuum cleaners, radios, television sets water heaters, and occasional
lights makes a fairly constant demand for energy until about 4 p.m. cooking appliances then
cause a slight rise in demand.
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After 4 p.m. the early sunset of winter brings the lights into action, and the total rapidly
approaches its peak about 5 p.m. during the month of December. The high level of demand
persists until about 7 or 8 p.m. when the load drops fairly rapidly as the families retire or
leave home to seek entertainment elsewhere, minimum loads being again reached at about 1 a
.m. loads of this class are generally less during the summertime principally because many
families are away on vacation and cooking activity is at a minimum, the later sunsets cause a
late hour for the peak demand, which is much reduced in comparison with the winter demand.
Street light (Fig. 2.3) is about the only form of load that does not exhibit peak demands in the
ordinary sense. Normally all lights come on and are turned off almost simultaneously, the total
load remaining constant during the hours of darkness. The turning on of light and their turning
off are usually synchronized respectively, with the time of sunset and sunrise. Hence, in the
summertime the lights will be functioning for a much shorter time than during the winter.
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Chapter 12
Panel Boards
12.1 Construction of panel boards:

12.1.1 Main circuit breaker.
It is used to protect the panel from overload and short circuit current.
Most of cases it is three phase circuit breaker.
12.1.2 Bus bars (R+S+T+N+E).
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12.1.3 Outgoing circuit breakers or fuses.
It used to protect cables connected to loads and loads.
May be three phase or single phase.
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12.1.4 Indicted lamps.
12.1.5 Digital meters (Volt- Amp- KW - KVA- P.F- VAR).
12.1.6 Current and voltage transformers (C.T & V.T).
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12.1.7 Insulations.
All parts should be insulated to protect all components.
12.2 Single line diagram (SLD) of panel board.
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12.3 Types of panel board.
TYPE FEEDING SYMBOL
NORMAL transformer N
transformer
EMERGENCY E
generator
transformer
U.P.S U.P.S U.P.S
generator
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12.4 Panel board location.
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Chapter 13
Circuit Breakers
13.1 Introduction:
The circuit breaker is an absolutely essential device in the modern world, and one of the most
important safety mechanisms in electrical design.
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical
circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault
condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow. Unlike a
fuse, which operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either
manually or automatically) to resume normal operation Circuit breakers are made in
varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to
large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city.
13.2 Important Abnormal Operating Conditions:

13.2.1 Overloading:
Where the load is increased on the network components, but not large increase, in this
case most of equipment can withstand this increase for a relatively long period may exceeds an
hour some times.
13.2.2 Short Circuit:
which results in a sudden and large increase in the network current, and it is a must in this case
to get rid of this short circuit as fast as possible, as most of equipment doesn’t withstand short
circuits currents for more than few seconds in the most optimistic consideration.
13.3 Main Components of Circuit Breaker:

13.3.1 Operating Mechanism.
13.3.2 Arc Extinguisher.
13.3.3 Contacts.
13.3.4 Tripping Unit.
13.3.5 Casing and Frame.
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13.4 Classification of Circuit Breakers:
13.4.1 According to the Arc Extinguishing Medium:
13.4.1.1 Air circuit breakers.
13.4.1.2 Mineral oil circuit breakers.
13.4.1.3 Vacuum circuit breakers.
13.4.1.4 Sculpture hexafluoride (SF6) C.B.
13.4.1.5 Air-blast circuit breakers.
13.4.2 According to the Operating Voltage:
13.4.2.1 Low Voltage C.B. (up to 600-1000volt)
13.4.2.2 Medium voltage C.B. (1 : 33 kilovolt)
13.4.2.3 High voltage C.B. (33 : 240 kilovolt)
13.4.2.4 Extra High Voltage C.B. (more than 240 kilovolt)
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All low voltage circuit breakers are air circuit breakers, where the arc is extinguished in
the air under the atmospheric pressure, low voltage circuit breakers are manufactured as a
complete device that consists on all basic components inside its enclosure, called direct
tripping circuit breakers.
Low voltage circuit breakers models:
1. Miniature C.B.
2. Molded case C.B.
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3. Low Voltage Power C.B.
Molded case C.B. Is an integrated unit, tightly closed and enclosed by molded case
made from insulating material, in case of a failure in any part the hole breaker should be
replaced
Low voltage power C.B. consists of a group of modular units that can be replaced, adding
parts to it or applying maintenance on it, also trip unit can be replaced according to design;
Low voltage power C.B. has a larger size than molded case C.B.
Comparison between molded case and power circuit breakers:
Where continuity of service is mandatory, the short-time capability of the power
circuit breaker is required.
If circuit breakers are operated relatively infrequently where selection is not important, the
molded case breaker provides the most economical solution.
If the interrupting capability of the power circuit breaker is not high enough, this can be
achieved by means of an integral fuse.
Power C.B.s can in generally withstand short time delay for a period of one second while
molded case C.B.s don’t necessary have this advantage and if present it is only for a period
of half second.
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Circuit Breaker Ratings
CB
10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 400 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 4000 5000 6300
(A)
MCB ACB
MCCB
13.5 Tripping Unit:

The trip unit is the ―brain‖ of the circuit breaker. It consists of components that will
automatically trip the circuit breaker when it senses an overload or short circuit. The
tripper bar is moved by a manual ―PUSH TO TRIP‖ button, a thermal over current
sensing element or an electromagnet.
Trip unit can be classified into two main types:
13.5.1 Electromechanical Trip Unit:
It is the tripping techniques in ordinary breakers, that depends on the bimetal strips and
electromagnets to obtain overloading and short circuit protection, it is called thermal magnetic
trip unit.
13.5.2 Electronic Trip Unit:
Molded case circuit breaker with more complex trip characteristic and most low voltage
power circuit breaker are equipped with solid- state electronic trip units. The continuous
current rating may be adjustable, long time and short time functions maybe adjustable for
current pick-up point and time delay. The instantaneous response may also be adjustable.
13.6 Circuit Breaker’s Specifications:

Rated Voltage: The maximum operating voltage at normal conditions.
Rated Frequency.
Rated Insulation Voltage: The designed insulation voltage.
Rated Power Frequency withstands Voltage: the maximum power frequency voltage that the
insulation can withstand.
Rated impulse withstands voltage: the maximum impulse voltage that insulation can
withstand.
Rated Continuous Current.
Rated Breaking Current: The maximum value of r.m.s. symmetrical current that the C.B.
can interrupt safely at a power factor of 0.2- 0.25.
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Rated Making Current: The maximum value of current that can pass in the C.B. at
closing.
Rated Short-time Current: The maximum r.m.s symmetrical current that can pass in the
C.B. for one second.
13.7 FUSES:
13.7.1 Types of fuses:
13.7.1.1 Semi-enclosed Fuse:
13.7.1.2 Cartridge Fuse:

Mainly used in Siemens boxes
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13.7.1.3 High Rupture Capacity Fuse (HRCF):
13.7.1.4 aM-Type Fuse:
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Where:
Semi enclosed and cartridge used in low voltage.
High Rupture Capacity used in medium voltage.
H.R.C.F used to protect transformer from short circuit.
aM fuse used to protect short circuit protection in motors, transformer and other load with high
2
inrush currents due to the good current limiting capability and low I t values.
Rating of fuses start from 10A, 16A, 20A, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 320,
400, 630, 800, 1000, and 1250A.
EX:
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Chapter 14
Cables
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Chapter 15
Cable Routing
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Chapter 16
Bus Duct
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Chapter 17
Phase Balance
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Chapter 18
Distribution Transformers
18.1 Transformer Construction:
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1 Oil filter valve 11 Grounding terminal
2 Conservator tank 12 Coil
3 Buchholz relay 13 Coil pressure plate
4 Oil filter valve 14 Core
5 Pressure-relief vent 15 Terminal box for protective devices
6 High-voltage bushing 16 Rating name plate
7 Low-voltage bushing 17 Dial thermometer
8 Oil Tank 18 Radiator
9 Tap changer handle 19 Manhole
10 Oil drain valve 20 oil level inductor
18.2 Classification of transformers:

18.2.1 According to core type:
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18.2.2 According to turns ratio:
18.2.3 According to their function:

1. Power transformer.
2. Distribution transformer.
3. Measuring transformers.
Voltage transformers and current transformers
4. Autotransformer- Tapped autotransformer.
18.2.4 According to type of supply:

Single phase transformers and three phase transformers.
18.2.5 According to cooling method:

1. Self –air—cooled (dry type).
2. Air-blast—cooled (dry type).
3. Oil–immersed, self –cooled.
4. Oil–immersed, combination self –cooled air-blast.
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5. Oil immersed, water –cooled.
6. Oil–immersed, forced oil –cooled.
7. Oil–immersed, combination self –cooled and water cooled.
18.3 Types of distribution transformers:
1. Oil type transformer:
Main components of oil type transformer
1- Low voltage winding
2- High voltage winding
3- Low voltage terminal
4- High voltage terminal
5- Core
6- Off-load Tap Changer
7- Earthling Terminal
8- Oil Level Indicator
9- Oil drain valve
10- Thermometer pocket
11- Buchholz Relay
12- Lifting Lugs
13- Air Dryer including Silica Gel
14- Wheel
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2. Dry type transformer:
Main components of oil type transformer

1) Core
2) L.V terminal
3) Resilient spacer
4) H.V terminal
5) L.V coil (copper or aluminum)
6) H.V coil (copper or aluminum)
7) Tapping link
8) Delta connection rods
9) Earthing
10) Yoke clamping and wheelbase
11) Roller
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Oil type Dry type
Operate at normal operation at Operate at normal operation at 100%

80% of loading capacity of loading capacity
May be operate at over load up to

During over load operate at 100%
140%
Suitable location at indoor

Suitable location at outdoor
(Basement)
Low loses High losses
HIGH Maintenance No Maintenance is required
large Size Smaller Size
Low cost compared with dry type High cost compared with oil type
18.4 Standard of distribution transformers:

1. Oil type:
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2. Dry type:
KVA A (Length)(mm) B (width)(mm) C (height )(mm)

500 1290 810 1495
630 1290 810 1710
800 1430 835 1775
1000 1500 1000 1875
1250 1500 1000 1975
1500 1680 970 2215
2000 1770 1095 2370
2500 1940 1140 2425
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Chapter 19
Diesel Generator
Standby diesel generator used to feed the important loads in case the Main supply is being cut
off. Selecting the generators that can produce the power required by a field unit is an important
function.
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Equipment (KVA) Generator (KVA)
1.5 3.8
1.7 4.3
5 12.5
6.3 15.8
12.5 31.3
25 62.5
37 93.8
45 112
62 156
75 187
77 192
108 270
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Chapter 20
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
An UPS system is an alternate or backup source of power with the electric utility company
being the primary source. The UPS provides:
1. Protection of load against line frequency variations.
2. Elimination of power line noise and voltage transients.
3. Voltage regulation.
4. Uninterruptible power for critical loads during failures of normal utility source.
An UPS can be considered a source of standby power or emergency power depending on the
nature of the critical loads. The amount of power that the UPS must supply also depends on
these specific needs.
These needs can include
1. Emergency lighting for evacuation.
2. Emergency perimeter lighting for security.
3. Orderly shutdown of manufacturing or computer operations,
4. Continued operation of life support or critical medical equipment.
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20.1 Types of UPS:
1. ON-LINE UPS:
2. OFF-LINE U.P.S:
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3. ON LINE UPS WITN ISOLATING TRANSFORMER:
20.2 Selecting an UPS:

The process for selecting an UPS consists of eight steps. These steps are
1. Determining the need for an UPS.
2. Determining the purpose(s) of the UPS.
3. Determining the power requirements.
4. Selecting the type of UPS.
5. Determining if the safety of the selected UPS is acceptable.
6. Determining if the availability of the selected UPS is acceptable.
7. Determining if the selected UPS is maintainable.
8. Determining if the selected UPS is affordable.
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Chapter 21
Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)
21.1 Transfer switch definition:
A transfer switch is used to reconnects electric power source from its primary source to a
standby source.
Switches may be manually or automatically
An Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) is often installed where a backup generator is
located.
21.2 Transfer switch operation:

1. Commands the backup generator to start.
2. Isolates the generator from utility.
3. Protect the generator from overload.
4. Provide power to only critical circuits or entire electrical (sub) panels.
5. Smoothly transferred load.
6. Useful for reducing peak load demand from a utility.
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21.3 Types of transfer switch:
1. Open transition types:
Called a break before make transfer switch.
Total power interruption for a short period of time.
It prevents back feeding from an emergency generator back into the utility.
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2. Closed transition types:
Called a make before break transfer switch.
21.4 parameters determining synchronization:

1. Voltage difference less than 5%.
2. Frequency difference less than 0.2 Hz.
3. Relative phase angle between the sources of 5 electrical degrees.
4. The closed transition, or overlap time, be less than 100 milliseconds.
21.5 Component of switch:
Three main components:

1. Power switching device.
2. Transfer logic controller.
3. Control power source.
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Chapter 22
Ring Main Unit (RMU)
RMU is used to connect distribution transformers to medium voltage system with a capacity of
less than 5MVA.
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Description symbol
Load break switch Q1
Earth switch Q2
Load break switch with fuse Q3
Earth fault indictor EFI
hygrostat H1
heater H2
Voltage transformer T1
Current transformer T2
voltmeter P1
(Kwh+kvarh)meters P2
High Rupture Capacity Fuse F1
Voltmeter selector switch S1
Mechanical interlock X1
Mechanical interlock X2
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Types of Ring Main Unit:
TYPE
(one L.B.S) 1 Cable connection + 1 Transformer feeder combined

A–F
fuse-switch(400A)
2 Incoming/Outgoing switch 630A + 1

(2+1) I–I–F Transformer feeder combined fuse-switch(400A)

(3+1) I–I–I–F
Transformer feeder combined fuse-switch(400A)
(2+2) I–F–I–F Transformer feeder combined fuse-switch(400A)
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Chapter 23
Distributors
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Chapter 24
Feeding System
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‫‪Chapter 25‬‬
‫قولعد توصيل لحتغريو لحكهسبيو حلونشمت لحسكنيو بمحقس يلحودى‬
‫‪289‬‬
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Chapter 26
Power Factor Correction
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Chapter 27
Power System Representation Using ETAP
Steps of design using ETAP:
Select new project:
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Select symbol (power grid):
Select symbol (circuit breaker)
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Select symbol (cable)
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Select symbol (Bus)
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-select symbol (transformer)
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Select short circuit analysis:
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Chapter 28
Voltage Drop Calclation
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‫‪ٚ‬وزٌه يّىٓ اعحخذاَ تشٔاِح االيحاب‬
‫‪VD= I*Z‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬يّىٓ ايعا اعحخذاَ اٌّؼادٌٗ اٌؼاِٗ‬
‫‪324‬‬
Chapter 29
Short Circuit Calculation
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‫‪ٚ‬يّىٓ زغاتٗ ليّٗ جياس اٌمصش تاعحخذاَ تشٔاِح االيحاب (وّا عثك ج‪ٛ‬ظيسٗ)‪.‬‬
‫‪327‬‬
Chapter 36
Street Lighting
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Chapter 31
Coordination Study
Low voltage C.B:

In low voltage C.B, it contains the relay and the C.B in one unit.
Types of low voltage C.B:

1. Miniature circuit breaker (MCB).
2. Molded case circuit breaker (MCCB).
3. Power air circuit breaker (PCB).
Types of trip unit:

1. thermal_magnatic (16 A_400 A).
2. micrologic (>=630 A).
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Medium & high voltage C.B:
In medium & high voltage C.B, the relay and the C.B are separate.
Function of Protective Relays:

The function of protective relaying is to cause the prompt removal from service of
any element of a power system when it suffers a short circuit, or when it starts to
operate in any abnormal manner that might cause damage or otherwise interfere
with the effective operation of the rest of the system.
The relaying equipment is aided in this task by circuit breakers that are capable of
disconnecting the faulty element when they are called upon to do so by the relaying
equipment.
Circuit breakers are generally located so that each generator, transformer,
bus, transmission line, etc., can be completely disconnected from the rest of the
system.
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Why Protective Relaying?
By minimizing damage when failures occur, protective relaying minimizes:
A. The cost of repairing the damage.
B. The likelihood that the trouble may spread and involve otherequipment.
C. The time that the equipment is out of service.
D. The loss in revenue and the strained public relations while the equipment is out
of service.
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTECTIVE

RELAYING:
•SENSITIVITY
•DISCRIMANATION
•SELECTIVITY
•RELIABILITY
•SPEED
•ADEQUACY
•ECONOMICS
•ADAPTABILITY
HOW DO PROTECTIVE RELAYS OPERATE?

•All relays used for short-circuit protection, and many other types also, operate by virtue
of the current and/or voltage supplied to them by current and voltage transformers.
•Through individual or relative changes in these two quantities, failures
signal their presence, type, and location to the protective relays.
•For every type and location of failure, there is some distinctive difference in these
quantities, and there are various types of protective- relaying equipment available, each of
which is designed to recognize a particular difference and to operate in response to it.
•Differences in each quantity are possible in one or more of the
following:
A. Magnitude.
B. Frequency.
C. Phase angle.
D. Duration.
E. Rate of change.
F. Direction or order of change. G.
Harmonics or wave shape.
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Types of relay's curves:
Circuit breaker settings:

M1 M2 M3
Actual 47 94 620
current(A)
Pick up current 56.4 112.8 744
(1.2 Iact)A
Trip unit Thermal_m Thermal_ma Micro_logic
agnetic gnetic
C.B rating(A) 60 125 800
Breaking 25 35 50
capacity(KA)
Is.t.d(A) - - 1488
ts.t.d(sec) - - .5
Iinst(5Iact)A 282.5 565 3720
tinst(msec) 10 10 10
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M4 M5
Actual 720 1900
current(A)
Pick up current 864 (1900*1.05)=1995
(1.2 Iact)A
Trip unit Micro_logic Micro_logic
Power air C.B
C.B rating(A) 1000 2000
Breaking 50 50
capacity(KA)
Is.t.d(A) 1728 3990
ts.t.d(sec) 1 1.5
Iinst(5Iact)A 4320 (1995*7)=13965
tinst(msec) 10 25
Relay setting:
R1 R2 R3
Actual 66 217.5 1540
current(A)
Pick up 1.5*66=99 205.16*1.05=215.25 1540*1.05=1617
current(A)
C.T 100:5 250:5 1800:5
C.B rated 630 1250 2000
current
Breaking 25 31.5 60
capacity
C.B rated 12 12 12
voltage
Curve type Extremely Very inverse Very inverse
inverse
Iinst(A) 990 2152.5 16170
tinst(msec) 125 325 525
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MATLAB Program for Coordination:
clc
num=input('**Enter the number of C.Bs in Low Voltage
Side**=');
for i=1 : num
prompt={'The Actual Current','Over-Load Current(As a
ratio of the actual current)'};
name='General Inputs';
numlines=1;
def={'0','0'};
a=inputdlg(prompt,name,numlines,def);
b=char(a);
c=str2num(b);
d=c(1)*c(2);
if d>=400
clc
disp('The Trip_Unit For This C.B Will Be
MicrLogic')
prompt={'The Is.d as Ratio of The Pick-up
Current','The Time of Short Time Current =','The
Instantaneous Current as Ratio of The Pick-up
Current','The Time of Instantaneous Current','The
Symmetrical S.C Current'};
name='C/Cs of the Curve';
numlines=1;
def={'2','.5','7','.025','25000'};
b=char(a);
c=str2num(b);
r=c(1);
t=c(2);
a1=c(3);
t1=c(4);
u=c(5);
u=u/d;
x=[ r a1 a1 u];
y=[ t t t1 t1];
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loglog(d*x,y)
hold on
grid on
x1=[r r r r r r];
y1=[t 2 4 6 8 11];
loglog(d*x1,y1,'.m')
f=d;
x2=[f f];
y2=[10000 3000];
loglog(x2,y2,'.m')
[j,h]=ginput(2);
x3=[j(1) j(2)];
y3=[h(1) h(2)];
loglog(x3,y3)
loglog([j(1) j(1)],[h(1),10000])
loglog([j(2) d*r], [h(2) t])
clear
else
clc
disp(' The Trip_Unit For This C.B Will Be
MicrLogic')
disp(' ')
prompt={'The Instantaneous_Current (As ratio of
the Pick-up Current)','The Time of
Instantaneous_Current','The Symmetrical
S.C_current'};
numlines=1;
def={'5','.01','20000'};
b=char(a);
c=str2num(b);
r=c(1);
t=c(2);
u=c(3);
u=u/d;
x=[1.1 1.1 1.125 1.175 1.2 1.225 1.25 1.275 1.4
1.5 1.6 1.65 1.8 1.9 2 3 4 r r u];
y=[10000 3000 2000 900 700 600 500 400 200 130
100 90 60 50 43 15 7 4.4 t t];
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loglog(d*x,y)
hold on
grid on
clear
end
end
%****************************************************
*************
% This Program Designate The ANSI Point and The
INRUSH Point
clc
disp(' ***** The ANSI Point and The INRUSH Point
*****')
disp('
')
KVA=input('The Rating of The Transformer KVA = ');
KV=input('The Region Voltage KV = ');
Zpu=input('The Transformer Percentage Impedance = ');
Ifl=KVA/(sqrt(3)*KV);
if KVA>=1000
Iinrush=12*Ifl;
w=.1;
else
Iinrush=8*Ifl;
w=.1;
end
loglog(Iinrush,w,'o')
hold on
Iansi=Ifl*100/Zpu;
t=Zpu-2;
loglog(Iansi,t,'o')
hold on
clear
%****************************************************
**********************
% Relay Curves
clc
disp('***the Relay curve design***')
p=input('enter number of relay=');
for n=1:p
prompt={'The Bus Voltage','Alfa constant of
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time/current curve','beta constant of
time/current curve','time multiplier(k)','the current
of the
relay','over-load of current','the instantaneous
current as ratio of the Pick-up current','the time of
instantaneous current','the symmetrical S.C
current'};
numlines=1;
def={'10.5','1','13.5','.5','55','1.5','10','.325','2
5000'};
b=char(a);
c=str2num(b);
v=c(1);
a1=c(2);
b1=c(3);
k=c(4);
q=c(5);
w=c(6);
r=c(7);
t=c(8);
u=c(9);
u=(v*u)/(w*q*.38);
c=0;
for i=w:.01:r
c=c+1;
I(c)=i;
T(c)=(k*b1)/((i^a1)-1);
end
e=q*w*v/.38;
loglog(e*I,T)
hold on
A=T(c);
B=I(c);
x=[B B u];
y=[A t t];
loglog(e*x,y)
hold on
aa=e*w;
plot([aa aa],[T(1) 10000])
hold on
End
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hold on
clear
%====================================================
======================
% This part for the Cable Damage Curves

clc
disp('This Part for The Cable Damage Curves')
o=input('Enter number of cables=');
for l=1:o
disp('press 1 for CU_XLPE')
disp('press 2 for AL_XLPE')
disp('press 3 for CU_PVC')
disp('press 4 for AL_PVC')
n=input('');
if n==1
% this part designates the damage curves of
the cables CU-XLPE
t=[0.1 5];
x=[16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185 240 300 400
500 630];
lt=[7.2 11.3 15.8 25.6 31.7 43 54.3 67.8 83.7
108.5 135.7 180.9 226.1 284.9 361.8 452.2 542.6];
ut=[1.02 1.6 2.24 3.2 4.5 6.1 7.7 9.6 11.8
15.3 19.2 25.6 32 40.3 51.2 64 76.7];
v=input('the voltage region is KV= ');
s=input('the size of protected conductor= ');
if s<16
n=1;
else
n=find(x==s);
end
i=[lt(n) ut(n)];
if v==.38
loglog(1000*i,t)
elseif v==6.6
loglog(1000*(6.6/11)*i,t)
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else
loglog(1000*(11/.38)*i,t)
end
elseif n==2
the cables AL-XLPE
t=[0.1 5];
x=[16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185 240 300 400
500 630];
lt=[4.7 7.4 10.4 14.8 20.7 28.1 35.6 44.4
54.8 71.1 88.9 118.5 148.2 186.7 237 296.3 335.6];
ut=[.67 1 1.5 2.1 2.9 4 5 6.3 7.8 10.1 12.6
16.8 21 26.4 33.5 41.9 50.3];
v=input('the voltage region is');
s=input('the size of protected conductor');
if s<16
n=1
else
n=find(x==s);
end
i=[lt(n) ut(n)];
if v==.380
loglog(1000*i,t)
elseif v==6.6
loglog(1000*(6.6/11)*i,t)
else
loglog(1000*(11/.38)*i,t)
end
elseif n==3
the cables CU-PVC
t=[0.1 5];
x=[16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185 240 300 400
500 630];
lt=[5.8 9.1 12.7 18.2 25 5 34.5 43.6 54.5
67.3 87.3 109.1 130 162.5 204.8];
ut=[.8 1.3 1.8 2.6 3.6 4.9 6.2 7.7 9.5 12.3
15.4 18.4 23 29];
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v=input('the voltage region is KV');
if s<16
n=1
else
n=find(x==s);
end
i=[lt(n) ut(n)];
if v==.38
loglog(1000*i,t)
else
loglog(1000*(11/.38)*i,t)
end
elseif n==4
the cables AL-PVC
t=[0.1 5];
x=[16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185 240 300 400
500 630];
lt=[3.8 6 8.4 12 16.8 22.8 28.8 36.8 44.5
57.7 72.1 86 107.5 135.5];
ut=[.5 .8 1.2 1.7 2.4 3.2 4.1 5.1 6.3 8.2
10.2 12.2 15.2 19.2];
v=input('the voltage region is KV');
if s<16
n=1
else
n=find(x==s);
end
i=[lt(n) ut(n)];
if v==.38
loglog(1000*i,t)
else
loglog(1000*(11/.38)*i,t)
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End
end
end
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Chapter 32
Light Current
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Chapter 33
‫لحمصس يلحوقميسو يلحوستخلصمت‬
:‫حصر العمال الكهرباء لمبني متعدد االغراض‬
:‫االضاءه‬
ٗ‫اٌىّي‬ ‫اٌؼٕصش‬
2166 Luminaire 4*14W
1666 Luminaire 2*26W
488 Luminaire 2*18W
20 Luminaire 1*7W
15 Luminaire 1*150W
366 One way, one gang
24 One way, two gang
486 Two way, one gang
486 Two way, Two gang
20 Distribution Board (30)
Line:3*4mm2,20A C.B
80m Cable 5*10mm2 ,CU,PVC
20 Molded Case C.B 40A
:‫البرايزوالباور‬
1408 Duplex Socket
568 Single Socket
30 Power Socket
173 Socket Packet Ground
Line:3*4mm2,25A C.B
Line:3*4mm2,25A C.B
Line:3*4mm2,25A C.B
Line:3*4mm2,25A C.B
5 Distribution Board for Fans(30)
Line:3*4mm2,25A C.B
8m Cable 4*16+1*10, CU/PVC
24m Cable 3*50+25+1*16mm2,CU,PVC
32 Cable 3*35+25+1*16mm2,CU,PVC
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:‫ٔظاَ اعحذػاء اٌّّشظات‬ٚ ‫اٌىاِيشات‬ٚ ٗ‫اٌغّاػات اٌّشوضي‬
404 Nurse Caller
18 Calling Panel
80 Loud Speaker
12 Camera
:‫أزاس اٌسشيك‬
45 ‫ق جٕييٗ ٌٍسشيك‬ٛ‫ت‬
50 ‫خشط جٕثيٗ ٌٍسشيك‬
50 ‫ي ٌٍسشيك‬ٚ‫أزاس يذ‬
730 ْ‫شّؼٗ أزاس ٌٍذخا‬
15 ٓ‫فاصً تيٓ ِٕطمحي‬
:‫اس‬ٚ‫اػذ اٌخاصٗ تاالد‬ٛ‫اٌص‬ٚ ٗ‫اٌىاتالت اٌشئيغي‬ٚ ٗ‫زات اٌشئيغي‬ٌٍٛ‫ا‬ٚ ‫اس‬ٚ‫زات االد‬ٌٛ

10 Floor Distribution Board
1 Elevator Distribution Board
160m Cable 4*16+1*10mm2 ,CU ,PVC
10m Cable 3*95+50+1*25mm2, CU,PVC
40m Cable 3*300+150+1*70mm2, CU, PVC
10m Cable 3*185+95+1*50mm2, CU,PVC
70m Cable 3*1*300+1*150+1*70mm2, CU,PVC
1 Power Air C.B 1600A
15m Bus Bar 1600A
18m Bus Bar 400A
3m Bus Bar 2500A
1 Transformer D.B
1 Generator D.B
1 Dry type Transformer 1.6MVA
1 Desiel Generator 300KVA
Eng/Alaa Hmam 400

:‫اػذ اٌخاصٗ تاٌحىييف اٌّشوضي‬ٛ‫اٌص‬ٚ ٗ‫اٌىاتالت اٌشئيغي‬ٚ ٗ‫زات اٌشئيغي‬ٌٍٛ‫ا‬
60m Cable 3*1*300+1*150+1*70mm2, CU,PVC
2 Transformer D.B
8 Bus Bar 4000A
2 Dry type Transformer 2.5MVA
10m Cable 3*120+70+1*35mm2, CU,PVC
10m Cable 3*300+150+1*70mm2, CU,PVC
10m Cable 3*95+50+25mm2, CU,PVC
15m Bus Bar 2500A
70m Cable 3*1*300+1*150+1*70mm2, CU,PVC
50m Cable 3*120+70+1*35mm2, CU,PVC
5 Floor Distribution Board
200m Cable 3*95+50+1*25mm2, CU,PVC
10m Cable 3*300+150+1*70mm2, CU,PVC
1 Main Cooling towers Distribution Board
15m Cable 3*95+50+1*25mm2, CU,PVC
3 Cooling tower Distribution Board
45m Cable 3*50+25+1*16mm2, CU,PVC
Eng/Alaa Hmam 401

‫االغشاض‪:‬‬ ‫ِمايغٗ ػاِٗ الػّاي اٌى‪ٙ‬شتاء في ِثٕي ِحؼذد‬
‫الكميه‬ ‫العنصر‬ ‫البند‬

‫االعمال الكهربائيه داخل المبني واالعمال الكهربائيه‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫خارج المبني مع تركيب النظام‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ و‪ٙ‬شتاء سئيغيٗ ٌٍّس‪ٛ‬ي(االعاعي) ‪ 2500‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪1-1‬‬
‫‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث لاغغ ‪ 1600‬اِثيش ٌالد‪ٚ‬اس ‪ٚ‬لاغغ ‪ 400‬اِثيش‬
‫ٌالزحياغي ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ ج‪ٛ‬صيغ سئيغيٗ ٌٍّ‪ٌٛ‬ذ(االزحياغي) ‪ 400‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪2-1‬‬
‫‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث تماغغ ‪ 400‬اِثيش ٌالد‪ٚ‬اس ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ ج‪ٛ‬صيغ فشػيٗ ٌالد‪ٚ‬اس(االعاعي) ‪ 400‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪3-1‬‬
‫‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث ‪ 2‬لاغغ ‪ 40‬اِثيش ٌٍ‪ٛ‬زٗ االظاءٖ ‪ 2 ٚ‬لاغغ ‪80‬‬
‫اِثيش ٌٍ‪ٛ‬زٗ اٌثشايض ‪ٚ‬لاغغ ‪ 125‬اِثيش ٌٍ‪ٛ‬زٗ اٌّشا‪ٚ‬ذ ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ‬
‫اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ ج‪ٛ‬صيغ فشػيٗ ٌٍذ‪ٚ‬س االسظي(االعاعي) ‪250‬‬ ‫‪4-1‬‬
‫اِثيش ‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث ‪ 2‬لاغغ ‪ 40‬اِثيش ٌٍ‪ٛ‬زٗ االظاءٖ ‪ 2 ٚ‬لاغغ‬
‫‪ 60‬اِثيش ٌٍ‪ٛ‬زٗ اٌثشايض ‪ٚ‬لاغغ ‪ 125‬اِثيش ٌٍ‪ٛ‬زٗ اٌّشا‪ٚ‬ذ ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا‬
‫ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ ج‪ٛ‬صيغ فشػيٗ ٌالعأغيش ‪ 400‬اِثيش ‪380/220‬‬ ‫‪5-1‬‬
‫ف‪ٌٛ‬ث ‪ 8‬لاغغ ‪ 60‬اِثيش ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ ج‪ٛ‬صيغ فشػيٗ ٌالد‪ٚ‬اس(االزحياغي) ‪ 60‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪6-1‬‬
‫‪380/ 220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث ‪ 2‬لاغغ ‪ 40‬اِثيش ٌٍ‪ٛ‬زٗ االظاءٖ ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ‬
‫اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ ج‪ٛ‬صيغ فشػيٗ ٌٍذ‪ٚ‬س االسظي(االزحياغي) ‪160‬‬ ‫‪7-1‬‬
‫اِثيش ‪380/ 220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث ‪ 2‬لاغغ ‪ 40‬اِثيش ٌٍ‪ٛ‬زٗ االظاءٖ ‪ٚ‬لاغغ‬
‫‪ 125‬اِثيش ٌٍ‪ٛ‬زٗ اٌثشايض ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ِس‪ٛ‬ي خاف ‪ 1600‬ويٍ‪ ٛ‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث اِثيش ‪380/220‬‬ ‫‪8-1‬‬
‫ف‪ٌٛ‬ث ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪.َ 3‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية صاػذ ٌٍّس‪ٛ‬ي ‪ 2500‬اِثيش ‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث‬ ‫‪9-1‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ِ‪ٌٛ‬ذ ‪ 300‬ويٍ‪ ٛ‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث اِثيش ‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث‬ ‫‪10-1‬‬
‫‪. َ 3‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية صاػذ ٌٍّ‪ٌٛ‬ذ ‪ 400‬اِثيش ‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا‬ ‫‪11-1‬‬
‫‪.َ15‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية صاػذ ٌالد‪ٚ‬اس (االعاعي) ‪ 1600‬اِثيش ‪380/220‬‬ ‫‪12-1‬‬
‫‪.َ15‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية صاػذ ٌالد‪ٚ‬اس (االزحياغي) ‪ 400‬اِثيش ‪380/220‬‬ ‫‪13-1‬‬
‫‪.َ250‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌ 2ٍُِ 70+150+300×3‬صاػذ االد‪ٚ‬اس‬ ‫‪15-1‬‬
‫(االعاعي ‪ٚ‬االزحياغي) ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪.َ16‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ 2ٍُِ 70+150+300×3‬زات االد‪ٚ‬اس‬ ‫‪16-1‬‬
‫(االعاعي) ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪.َ4‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ 2ٍُِ 50+95+185×3‬زٗ اٌذ‪ٚ‬س االسظي‬ ‫‪17-1‬‬
‫(االعاعي) ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪.َ16‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ 2ٍُِ10+16×4‬زات االد‪ٚ‬اس (االزحياغي)‬ ‫‪18-1‬‬
‫‪Eng/Alaa Hmam‬‬ ‫‪402‬‬

‫‪.َ4‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ 2ٍُِ 25+50+95×3‬زٗ اٌذ‪ٚ‬س االسظي‬ ‫‪19-1‬‬
‫(االزحياغي) ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ فشػيٗ ٌالظاءٖ ٌالد‪ٚ‬اس ‪ 40‬اِثيش (اعاعي‬ ‫‪20-1‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬ازحياغي) ‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث ‪ 30‬لاغغ ‪ 20‬اِثيش ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ‬
‫اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪.َ80‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ 2ٍُِ 10×5‬زات اظاءٖ االد‪ٚ‬اس ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا‬ ‫‪21-1‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ فشػيٗ ٌٍثشايض ٌالد‪ٚ‬اس (االعاعي)‪ 80‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪22-1‬‬
‫‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث ‪ 42‬لاغغ ‪ 25‬اِثيش ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪.َ18‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ 2ٍُِ 16+25+35×3‬زات اٌّشا‪ٚ‬ذ االد‪ٚ‬اس‬ ‫‪23-1‬‬
‫(االعاعي)‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪.َ6‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ 2ٍُِ 10+16×4‬زات اٌّشا‪ٚ‬ذ االد‪ٚ‬اس‬ ‫‪25-1‬‬
‫‪.َ6‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ 2ٍُِ 16+25+35×3‬زات اٌّشا‪ٚ‬ذ االد‪ٚ‬اس‬ ‫‪27-1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ فشػيٗ ٌٍثشايض ٌالد‪ٚ‬اس (االزحياغي)‪ 125‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪28-1‬‬
‫‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث‪ 24‬لاغغ ‪ 25‬اِثيش ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪.َ3‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ 2ٍُِ 16+25+50×3‬زات اٌثشايض‬ ‫‪29-1‬‬
‫االد‪ٚ‬اس(االزحياغي) ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشغية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ فشػيٗ ٌٍّشا‪ٚ‬ذ ٌالد‪ٚ‬اس ‪ 125‬اِثيش ‪380/220‬‬ ‫‪30-1‬‬
‫ف‪ٌٛ‬ث ‪ 30‬لاغغ ‪ 20‬اِثيش ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪.َ 15‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ 2ٍُِ 16+25+50×3‬زات اٌّشا‪ٚ‬ذ االد‪ٚ‬اس‬ ‫‪31-1‬‬
‫اػّاي اٌى‪ٙ‬شتاء اٌخاصٗ تاٌحىييف‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ و‪ٙ‬شتاء سئيغيٗ ٌٍّس‪ٛ‬ي اٌحشيٍش ‪ 4000‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪32-1‬‬
‫‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث ‪ 3‬لاغغ ‪ 1250‬اِثيش ٌٍحشيٍش ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ و‪ٙ‬شتاء سئيغيٗ ٌٍّس‪ٛ‬ي اٌّعخات ‪ٚ‬صاػذ‬ ‫‪33-1‬‬
‫اٌحىييف ‪ 4000‬اِثيش ‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث لاغغ ‪ 160‬اِثيش ‪ٚ‬لاغغ ‪630‬‬
‫اِثيش ‪ٚ‬لاغغ ‪ 400‬اِثيش ‪ٚ‬لاغغ ‪ 2500‬اِثيش ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ و‪ٙ‬شتاء فشػيٗ ٌالد‪ٚ‬اس (اٌحىييف) ‪ 400‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪34-1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ و‪ٙ‬شتاء اعاعيٗ التشاج اٌحثشيذ ‪ 630‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪35-1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ و‪ٙ‬شتاء فشػيٗ التشاج اٌحثشيذ ‪ 160‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪36-1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ِس‪ٛ‬ي خاف ‪ 2500‬ويٍ‪ ٛ‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث اِثيش ‪380/220‬‬ ‫‪37-1‬‬
‫‪.َ6‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية صاػذ ٌٍّس‪ٛ‬ي ‪ 4000‬اِثيش ‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث‬ ‫‪38-1‬‬
‫‪.َ15‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية صاػذ ٌالد‪ٚ‬اس ‪ 2500‬اِثيش ‪ 380/220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث‬ ‫‪39-1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪.َ300‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍ ٍُِ 70+150+300×3‬حشيٍش ‪ٚ‬اٌّعخات‬ ‫‪40-1‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬اٌصاػذ ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪.َ20‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍّ 2ٍُِ 25+50+95×3‬عخٗ اال‪ٌٚ‬يٗ‬ ‫‪41-1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪.َ20‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍّ ٍُِ 35+70+120×3‬عخٗ اٌّشوضيٗ‬ ‫‪42-1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪.َ30‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ ٍُِ 35+70+120×3‬زات االد‪ٚ‬اس‬ ‫‪43-1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪.َ6‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ ٍُِ 70+150+300×3‬زٗ اتشاج اٌحثشيذ‬ ‫‪44-1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪.َ9‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ ٍُِ 25+50+95×3‬زات اتشاج اٌحثشيذ‬ ‫‪45-1‬‬
‫اٌفشػيٗ ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪.َ400‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌٍٛ 2ٍُِ 25+50+95×3‬زذات اٌحىييف‬ ‫‪46-1‬‬
‫(‪ٚ )AHU‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪.َ90‬غ‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ويثً ‪ٌّ 2ٍُِ 16+25+50×3‬عخات اٌحثشيذ‬ ‫‪47-1‬‬
‫اػّاي االٔاسٖ اٌذاخٍيٗ ‪ٚ‬اٌخاسخيٗ ‪ٚ‬االفياػ ‪ٚ‬اٌّفاجير‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬اٌّخاسج‬
‫‪4355‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ِخشج أاسٖ ٌٍىشافات ‪ٚ‬اٌٍّثات شاًِ االعالن‬ ‫‪1-2‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬اٌّ‪ٛ‬اعيش ‪ٚ‬اٌؼٍة ‪ٚ‬اٌمغاِات زغة اص‪ٛ‬ي اٌصٕؼٗ ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ‬
‫اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪568‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ِخشج تشيضٖ ٌالفياػ ِفشد ٌٍى‪ٙ‬شتاء ‪ 25‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪2-2‬‬
‫‪220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث ِغ اٌغطاء شاًِ االعالن ‪ٚ‬اٌّ‪ٛ‬اعيش ‪ٚ‬اٌؼٍة زغة‬
‫اص‪ٛ‬ي اٌصٕؼٗ ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬
‫‪1408‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ِخشج تشيضٖ ٌالفياػ ِضد‪ٚ‬ج ٌٍى‪ٙ‬شتاء ‪ 25‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪3-2‬‬
‫‪173‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ِخشج ػٍة اسظيٗ ٌٍى‪ٙ‬شتاء ‪ 25‬اِثيش ‪220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث‬ ‫‪4-2‬‬
‫ِغ اٌغطاء شاًِ االعالن ‪ٚ‬اٌّ‪ٛ‬اعيش ‪ٚ‬اٌؼٍة زغة اص‪ٛ‬ي اٌصٕؼٗ‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ِخشج تشيضٖ ل‪ٛ‬ي ٌٍى‪ٙ‬شتاء ‪ 25‬اِثيش ‪220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث ِغ‬ ‫‪5-2‬‬
‫اٌغطاء شاًِ االعالن ‪ٚ‬اٌّ‪ٛ‬اعيش ‪ٚ‬اٌؼٍة زغة اص‪ٛ‬ي اٌصٕؼٗ‬
‫‪366‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ِخشج ٌٍّفاجير ِفشد ٌٍى‪ٙ‬شتاء ‪ 16‬اِثيش ‪220‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ث‬ ‫‪6-2‬‬
‫ِغ اٌغطاء شاًِ االعالن ‪ٚ‬اٌّ‪ٛ‬اعيش ‪ٚ‬اٌؼٍة زغة اص‪ٛ‬ي اٌصٕؼٗ‬
‫‪24‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ِخشج ٌٍّفاجير ِضد‪ٚ‬ج ٌٍى‪ٙ‬شتاء ‪ 16‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪7-2‬‬
‫‪486‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ِخشج ٌٍّفاجير ِفشد تاجدا٘يٓ ٌٍى‪ٙ‬شتاء ‪ 16‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪8-2‬‬
‫‪386‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ِخشج ٌٍّفاجير ِضد‪ٚ‬ج تاجدا٘يٓ ٌٍى‪ٙ‬شتاء ‪ 16‬اِثيش‬ ‫‪9-2‬‬

‫‪2166‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية وشاف ‪ٚ 14×4‬ات ‪ٚ‬اػحّادٖ ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬ ‫‪10-2‬‬
‫اػّاي أزاس اٌسشيك‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪45‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ت‪ٛ‬ق جٕثيٗ ٌٍسشيك ‪ٚ‬اػحّادٖ ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬ ‫‪1-3‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية خشط جٕثيٗ ٌٍسشيك ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬ ‫‪2-3‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية أزاس يذ‪ٚ‬ي ٌٍسشيك ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬ ‫‪3-3‬‬
‫‪730‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية شّؼٗ أزاس دخاْ ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬ ‫‪4-3‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية فاصً تيٓ ِٕطمحيٓ ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬ ‫‪5-3‬‬
‫االراػٗ اٌذاخٍيٗ ‪ٚ‬اٌّشالثٗ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪80‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية عّاػٗ ِشوضيٗ ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬ ‫‪1-4‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية واِيشا ِشالثٗ ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬ ‫‪2-4‬‬
‫‪404‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية خشط اعحذػاء ٌٍّشظات ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬ ‫‪3-4‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫ج‪ٛ‬سيذ ‪ٚ‬جشوية ٌ‪ٛ‬زٗ اعحذػاء ٌٍّشظات ‪ٚ‬اػحّاد٘ا ِٓ اٌّاٌه‬ ‫‪4-4‬‬

‫الموقف التنفيذي لعدد(‪)17‬مشروع ضمن المشروع ‪.....................‬‬
‫اعمال كهرباء داخلي‬ ‫اسقف‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫اسم‬
‫المشروع العمارات المقاول‬
‫ارضي‬
‫ارضي‬
‫خامس‬
‫خامس‬
‫بدروم‬
‫بدروم‬
‫ثالث‬
‫ثالث‬
‫رابع‬
‫رابع‬
‫تاني‬
‫تاني‬
‫اول‬
‫اول‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫و‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫و‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ق‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ع‪1‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫ع‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫ش‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ش‪4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫ش‪5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ص‪2‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫ص‪3‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫ص‪5‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ط‪4‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ل‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫ث‪1‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫ث‪4‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫ث‪5‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫ث‪7‬‬
‫االجمالي‪:‬‬
‫اعمال كهرباء داخلي‬ ‫اسقف‬ ‫اسم المقاول‬
‫‪64‬‬ ‫‪128‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫اػّاي‪:‬‬ ‫ِغحخٍص‬
‫ِشش‪ٚ‬ع‪........./‬‬ ‫ششوٗ‪............ /‬‬
‫اعُ اٌّما‪ٚ‬ي إٌّفز‪..................../‬‬
‫ِغحخٍص اػّاي سلُ () تحاسيخ ‪....................‬‬
‫مالحظات‬ ‫قيمة األعمال‬ ‫االجمالي‬ ‫الحالـى‬ ‫السابـق‬ ‫فئـو‬ ‫وحده‬ ‫بي ــان األعمــال‬ ‫م‬
‫المق ــاول‬
‫رئيس قطاع التنفيذ‬ ‫مهنـدس المشــروع‬

‫‪Chapter 34‬‬
‫نووذج تصوين كهسبي كمهل حوبني في هدينو بدز‬

Eng/Alaa Hmam 409
Eng/Alaa Hmam 410
Eng/Alaa Hmam 411
Eng/Alaa Hmam 412
Eng/Alaa Hmam 413
Eng/Alaa Hmam 414
Eng/Alaa Hmam 415
Eng/Alaa Hmam 416

Design of Low and Medium Voltage Networks (1) - 1

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Design of Low and Medium Voltage Networks (1) - 1

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Copyright:

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Eng/Alaa Hmam

‫أ‪ ٚ‬ػٓ غشيك االيّيً‪:‬‬

‫م‪ /‬عال ء مومم لحموسلي‬

Essential types of loads in any project are:

Computer center 15 : 25 15 120 : 200

Restaurants 15 : 25 2.5 60 : 100

3.1 Basic Definitions:

3.1.2 Luminous flux ( ø ) (lm):

3.1.3 Luminous intensity:

3.1.6 Color temperature Tc (K):

3.1.8 Uniformity ratio:

3.1.9 Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR):

3.1.10 Room index k:

3.1.11 Maintenance factor:

3.1.13 Light Output Ratio (LOR):

3.1.14 Utilization Factor (UF):

3.1.15 Depreciation Factor:

3.1.16 Absorption Factor:

3.1.17 Beam Factor:

3.1.18 Reflection Factor:

3.2 Design of Lighting Schemes:

3.3.2 Placing fixtures:

3.3.3 Rooms with computer displays:

Parameters of Indoor Lighting Design

4.1 Room Function:

Lighting Level [LUX] Type of Luminaire

4.3.2 Recessed mounted ceiling:

4.7 Luminaire selection

Lamp Ballast (Gear) Housing

4.7.1 Type of lamps

Filament LED Gas Discharge

Lumen 730 960 1350 2220 3150 3500 8400 13800

Lum/W 12.2 12.5 13.5 14.9 15.5 16.7 16.8 18.8

Use luminaire 4x18 watt in (offices – education---------)

For Recessed mounted celling: according to the area of the celling

Non Integrated type:

Color Rendering 25%

type power lumen Lumen/watt C.R Life time

150W 17500 110 Lm/W 25% 38,000 hr.

SON 250W 33200 128 Lm/W 25% 38,000 hr.

400W 56500 138 Lm/W 25% 38,000 hr.

90W 13600 150 45% 18,000H

180W 32000 177 45% 18,000H

250W 12700 50 Lm/W 45% 15,000 hr.

Color Rendering 70 – 90%

5600 70W 10,000H

12500 150 W 10,000H

32500 400 W 10,000H

200000 2000 W 10,000H

LED tube LED compact lamps

High pressure 250 W 12700 45% ---------- 15,000 hr. 50 Lm/W

Lighting Design Using Manual Calculation

1. Utilization factor (U.F):

Calculate room index [k] =

R: Reflection of walls, celling and work plane.

Number of luminaire in length (column) =

Number of luminaire in width (row) =

Lighting Design Using DIALux

7.1.2 Power Sockets:

7.1.3 Emergency Power Sockets:

7.1.5 Three phase socket:

7.1.6 Column sockets:

7.1.8 Trunking sockets: