HISTORY

A PERIOD OF TRANSATION.
I.ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
1.when did the modern period began in India and in Europe?
ANS: The modern period Began in India in the 18th century and in Europe it
began from the 16+th century.
2.What the secondary sources? Write two examples of secondary sources?
Ans: Historian’s study primary sources and interpret them. These interpretations
constitute secondary sources Ex: Reviews and Articles.
3.What does Renaissance mean? In which country did the movement began?
Ans: The word renaissance literary means Rebirth. The moment began in Italy
and spread to the most of Europe.
4.Who were the Protestants? With which moment are they associated?
Ans.The people who protested against the practices and beliefs of the roman
catholic church came to be called Protestants. They are associated with
reformation moment.
5.Name two explores. Name two instrument that made sailing at Sea safer.
Ans.Two explorers
a) Vasco-Da-Gama b) Christopher Columbus
1.Mariner’s Compass 2.Quadrant

6.Which two instruments improved agricultural productivity

Ans.Seed Drill and Horse Hoe improved agricultural productivity.

7.What is capitalism?
Ans.Capitalism is an Economic and political system in which property business
and industry are owned by private individuals and not by state.
8.What is Imperialism?
Ans.Imperialism is a policy of extending political and economic control over
other region, especially by acquiring colonies.
II. Answer these questions in detail.
1.The industrial revolution is an important event in the world history.
In this context explain the following.
Ans.Meaning of Industrial Revolution
a)The factory system of production developed I the eighteenth century.
Rich merchants set up factories installed newly invented machines, bought raw
materials from market and employed workers on wages.to produce goods on
machines. This development is known as industrial revolution. It is called a
revolution because it marked a radical change from the domestic system of
production.
b) Two reasons why it happened in England
England had an abundant supply of natural resources, especially coal and iron,
needed for Industrialisation.
It had a stable government which encouraged Trade and commerce.
c)Emergence of Town and Cities.
The new machines were too big to fit into people’s home. So, factories were
built where capitalist installed the machines, people working at home not
compete with factory made goods.
So, they had to go and work in factories. Thus, with industrialisation, the centre
of economic life shifted from villages to cities.
2.The industrial revolution led to sweeping changes in Europe and elsewhere, in
this context explain the following.
A) Rise of new social classes:
The industrial revolution gave birth to two social96 new classes, factory
owners. Who employed workers and paid them wages, they were very
prosperous and led a life of luxury. The other class was that of workers who
worked in the factories and received for their labour. They were exploited a lot
and lived in great hardship.
b) Growth of Impearlism:
Need for raw materials, new markets for finished goods and new regions for
investment of capital led to the growth of impearlism. Most countries of Asia
and Africa were colonized by European powers.
3. Impearlism gained strength in the 19th century: In the context, explain the
following
a) Race for acquiring colonies
Need for raw materials, new markets with finished goods, led to race among
European countries, to acquire colonies in the 19th centuries, almost whole of
the non- industrialised world had come under the control of a few industrialised
countries. Britain, France, Belgium, Spain was the main colonial power.
b) Impact of imperialism in India:
India turned into a importer of factory made finished good and an exporter of
raw materials. India suffered the evils of British Imperialism for many
countries.