Types of Number -

1. Natural Numbers- n > 0 where n is counting number

[1,2,3...]
2. Whole Numbers- n ≥ 0 where n is counting number
[0,1,2,3...].
0 is the only whole number which is not a natural
number.

Integers – An integer is a number that has no fractional part,

and no digits after the decimal point.
n ≥ 0 or n ≤ 0 where n is counting number;...,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3...
are integers. Integers are not is
• Positive Integers - n > 0; [1,2,3...]
• Negative Integers - n < 0; [-1,-2,-3...]
• Non-Positive Integers - n ≤ 0; [0,-1,-2,-3...]
• Non-Negative Integers - n ≥ 0; [0,1,2,3...]

Rational Numbers - The rational numbers are those numbers

which can be expressed as a ratio between two integers.

Irrational Number - An irrational number is a number that

cannot be written as a ratio (or fraction).
The square root of 2 is an irrational number
Pi the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter:
3.14159265358979...
Pi is an irrational number.
e=2.71828182845904...
Euler's number is irrational number.

Real number - The real numbers is the set of numbers

containing all of the rational numbers and all of the irrational
numbers. The real numbers are “all the numbers” on the
number line.

Number Line - A number line is a way to see the size of

numbers by placing them along a line. As you move to the right
the numbers are positive and increase. As you go to the left,
the numbers also increase and get more and more negative.
Complex number - The complex numbers are the set
a+bi a and b are real numbers}, where i is the imaginary unit.

Prime number : A prime number is a positive integer greater

than one, that has no positive integer factors except one and
itself.
Smallest Prime Number is 2
Only even number that is prime is 2.

Composite numbers - Composite numbers are the opposite of

prime numbers. They are integers that do have integer factors.
Any integer that is not prime is a composite number. It is
'composed' of other integer factors.
The smallest composite number is 4.
1 is neither prime nor composite.

Even Numbers - n / 2 = 0 where n is counting number; [0,2,4,...]

Odd Numbers - n / 2 ≠ 0 where n is counting number; [1,3,5,...]
Divisibility Test
Divisibility by 2 - A number is divisible by 2 if its unit digit is
0,2,4,6 or 8.
Divisibility by 3 - A number is divisible by 3 if sum of its digits is
completely divisible by 3.
Divisibility by 4 - A number is divisible by 4 if number formed
using its last two digits is completely divisible by 4.
Divisibility by 5 - A number is divisible by 5 if its unit digit is 0 or
5.
Divisibility by 6 - A number is divisible by 6 if the number is
divisible by both 2 and 3.
Divisibility by 7
To determine if a number is divisible by 7, take the last digit off
the number, double it and subtract the doubled number from
the remaining number. If the result is evenly divisible by 7 (e.g.
14, 7, 0, -7, etc.), then the number is divisible by seven.

Example - In the number 133, double the last digit of the

number 3 is 6. 13 – 6 = 7 [Now we need to subtract it from the
rest of the remaining number]

Since 7 is divisible by 7.
Divisibility by 8 - A number is divisible by 8 if number formed
using its last three digits is completely divisible by 8.
Divisibility by 9 - A number is divisible by 9 if sum of its digits is
completely divisible by 9.

Divisibility by 11 - A number is divisible by 11 if difference

between sum of digits at odd places and sum of digits at even
places is either 0 or is divisible by 11.

Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder.

Properties of Zero –

1) Zero is even (never odd)

2) Zero is neither positive nor negative (the only number with
this property)
3) Zero is an integer (and must be considered when question
limits choices to integers)

4) Zero is a multiple of all numbers (x*0 = 0, so 0 is a multiple of

any number, x)

5) Zero is not a prime number (neither is 1; smallest prime

number is 2)

6) Zero is not a composite (neither is 1; smallest composite

number is 4)
7) Zero divided by any real number, except itself, is zero. 0/a = 0
9) Division by zero is undefined. a ÷ 0 are undefined.
10) Zero factorial is equal to one.

11) For a^0 = 1

a^0 = a^n-n
a^0 = a^n/a^n
a^0 = 1

12) 0^0 = undefined