THEORIES OF GROWTH &

DEVELOPMENT
INTELLECTUAL PSYCHO-
DEVELOPMENT (PIGETS PSYCHOSOCIAL SEXUAL SPIRITUAL
THEORY) MORAL DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMEN DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT
(KHOLBERG) T (SIGMUND (FOWLER)
(ERIKSON’S)
FREUD)

INFANT
(BIRTH TO 1
YEARS) STAGE 1 PRE-CONVENTIONAL TRUST PRE-STAGE
SENSORIMOTOR (0-2 YEARS) STAGE 0: (0-2 YEARS) VS. ORAL STAGE UNDIFFERENTIATED
Differentiate self from objects The good is what i like and want MISTRUST FAITH

TODDLER
(1 STAGE 2
Preoperational (2-7 years)
Functions symbolically using language
AUTONOMY STAGE 1
as major tool STAGE 1 (2 AND 3 YEARS)
VS. ANAL STAGE INTUITIVE-
Preconceptual phase (2-4 years) Punishment and obedience
SHAME PROJECTIVE FAITH
Uses representational thought to recall
TO 3 YEARS) past, represent present, and anticipate
future, transudative reasoning

INITIATIVE
PRE-SCHOOLER Intuitive phase (4-7 years) STAGE 2 (4-7 YEARS) VS. STAGE 2
Increased symbolic functioning Instrumental hedonism and GUILT PHALLIC STAGE INTUITIVE-
transudative reasoning concrete reciprocity PROJECTIVE FAITH
(3 TO 6 YEARS)

SCHOOL AGE CONVENTIONAL MORALITY

STAGE 3 ( 7 TO 8 AND 9
STAGE 3
YEARS)
CONCRETE (7-11 YEARS) INDUSTRY STAGE 2
Orientation to interpersonal
Inductive reasoning and beginning VS. LATENCY STAGE MYTHICAL
relations of mutuality
logic, ability to order and relate INFERIORITY -LITERAL FAITH
STAGE 4 (10 TO 12 YEARS)
experiences to an organized whole
Maintenance of social order, fixed
(6 TO 12 YEARS rules, and authority

POST CONVENTIONAL
ADOLESCENT MORALITY
(12 TO 18 YEARS) STAGE 4 (ADOLESCENENCE AND
FORMAL OPERATIONAL (11 -15 ADULTHOOD) STAGE 3
IDENTTITY
YEARS) STAGE 5A - Social contract, SYNTHETIC-
VS. GENITAL STAGE
Abstract and deductive reasoning can utilitarian law- making perspective CONVENTIONAL
ROLE CONFUSION
plan and implement scientific approach STAGE 5B – Higher law and FAITH
to problem solving conscience orientation
STAGE 6 – Universal ethical
principle orientation