TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

CHALLENGES AND MOTIVATION OF GRADE 11 ABM STUDENTS OF

SENIOR INSTITUTE
TECHNOLOGICAL HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
OF THE PHILIPPINES QUEZON CITY IN 1
THEIR CORE SUBJECT

An Undergraduate Research Presented to the

Faculty of the Senior High School Department
Technological Institute of the Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the course

Practical Research 001

By

Cosico, Joynelle Claire

Costales, Jayson
Damole, Johana Mae
Daradal, Niña Louisse
De Guzman, Shane
Dumulon, Liezaclaire
Ela, Jellah
Estacio, Andrea
Garcia, Joanna
Gonio, Aidel

January 2020
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Chapter 1
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THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction and Its content

Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) focuses on the basic

concepts of financial management, business management, corporate

operations, and all things that are accounted for. This strand is designed as an

introductory course in accounting, business and management where students

are trained to think scientifically and logically. It helps the students in order to

prepare them to pursue college degrees that focus on business industry. It was

introduced together with the implementation of the K-12 in the Philippines when

President Benigno Aquino III approved Republic Act (RA) 10533, signing into

the law K-12 program on May 15, 2013. This program aims to enhance learners’

basic skills, produce more competent citizens, and prepare graduates for

lifelong learning and employment. Students who are under this program are

called Senior High School (SHS) students. This program contains advanced

curriculum that is why the students’ competitiveness and perseverance are

tested in this program specifically in dealing with their Core subjects such as:

Oral Communication, Reading and Writing, Komunikasyon at Pananaliksik sa

Wika at Kulturang Pilipino, General Mathematics, Statistics and Probability,

Earth and Life Science, Physical Science, Understanding Culture, Society and

Politics and Physical Education and Health. Obtaining good grade in Core
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subjects is extremely important for students, and it is widely recognized as they

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assist everyone in day to day living. Students nowadays are faced with different

distractions, pressure or personal issues that affects their academic

performance. This study aims to discover the students’ challenges in their

academic performance and their motivations to continue pursuing the specific

subject/s despite the struggles they’re encountering. This might help the

researchers to uncover the students’ stress management and to explore their

mindset when academic pressure occurs. Also, it can help to prevent the

upcoming SHS students to face the same challenges and influence them with

the participants’ response as well.

Significance of the Study

The results of this study will be beneficial for the following:

School Administrators - This study will present them a view about the diverse

challenges and motivations of the students, allowing them to organize school

orientations or seminars that will address proper stress management.

Teachers - It will be helpful for them to recognize the varying struggles

experienced by their students and be able to ease these by acknowledging the

students' best interest.

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Parents - They will be able to uncover the different challenges that their children
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are encountering and the motivations that comes with it. Through this, they will

have a better understanding of how to guide their child appropriately.

Students - This study will help the students in a way that will enable them to

share the challenges and struggles they are facing. Aside from that, it can also

strengthen their motivations to continue striving on their core subjects.

Future Researchers - This study can be a reference in order for them to have

knowledge and be aware of the different challenges and motivations of the

students.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The intent of this study is to determine the challenges and motivations of

ABM students regarding their core subjects S.Y. 2019-2020. The study will be

conducted in the Technological Institute of the Philipines, Quezon City. The

researchers will employ interview as the primary method in gathering the data in

order to identify the struggles that ABM students have been facing and how they

will overcome these through realizing their motivations in life. The research work

is delimited to selected Grade 11 Accountancy, Business and Management

students from Technological Institute of the Philippines, Quezon City S.Y 2019-

2020 in dealing with the challenges and motivations in their core subjects. The
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researchers have limit the interviewees into selected students and the research
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will take place in Technological Institute of the Philippines, Quezon City.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to discover the different challenges encountered by the

grade 11 ABM students of Technological Institute of the Philippines and also

their motivations regarding their core subjects. It seeks to answer the following

questions:

1. What are the challenges that the grade 11 ABM students are experiencing

with their core subjects?

2. What motivations do the grade 11 students have in handling their core

subjects?

3. How do these motivations ease the challenges that they encounter?

Definition of Terms

All words acquired meaning in the context they are used. The following

are defined to facilitate understanding of discussions.

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ABM - Accountancy, Business and Management is a strand focusing on the

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basic concepts of financial management, business management, corporate

operations, and all things that are accounted for.

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE - is the measurement of student achievement,

performance outcomes across various academic subjects specifically in school,

college, and university.

ACADEMIC PRESSURE - the state of having under heavy demands of time and

energy to meet academic goals.

CHALLENGES - is something that puts one to a test, something new and

difficult which requires great effort and determination.

CORE SUBJECTS - are the subjects that all SHS students will study regardless

of their chosen career track or learning strand.

MOTIVATION - It is the process of stimulating people to take actions to achieve

the goals.

K-12 CURRICULUM - Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education. It covers a

six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years

of Senior High School (SHS)

THEORY OF CHALLENGES -
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Theoretical Framework

Theory of Challenges and Support

The Researchers will use the Theory of Challenge and Support by Sanford

(1962) to support this study. The Theory talks about the students that pass

through full-size personal growth and development, a great deal of the

surrounding itself (that includes what goes on within the lecture room in addition

to what going on outside of the classroom). Growth and personal improvement

to occur, a students’ desires to have a challenge/guide balance. The basic

concept of this theory is for growth to occur, a person needs an amount of

balanced that challenge and support appropriately to their task. Too much

support, the scholar will never analyze what they want to grow ande develop.

Too much challenge, and the pupil will become frustrated and probably cease

trying.

Mcclelland Human Motivation Theory

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The Researchers will also use the Mcclelland Human Motivation Theory
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by Mcclelland (1961) to also support this study. Regardless of our gender,

culture, or age, we all have three motivating drivers, and one of these will be

our dominant motivating driver. This dominant motivator is largely dependent

on our culture and life experiences. These characteristics are as follows:

Achievement, Affiliation and Power. Those with a strong power motivator are

often divided into two groups: personal and institutional. People with a personal

power drive want to control others, while people with an institutional power

drive like to organize the efforts of a team to further the company's goals. As

you can probably imagine, those with an institutional power need are usually

more desirable as team members.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

The focus of this research is to determine the challenges and motivation of

the Grade 11 ABM students in their academic performance in Technological

Institute of the Philippines-Quezon City. The researchers gathered different

related works of literature and studies to support our chosen topic, as well as to

serve as our reference for further questions we come up as the research

progress. These related literatures and studies are based on our claims. These

can also give knowledge for those who would be interested in the research

process

K-12 Program Curriculum

According to an article "President Aquino signs K to 12 Program into law"

(2013) President Benigno Aquino III approved Republic Act (RA) 10533, signing

into the law K to 12 program on May 15, 2013. Aside from that, the K-12
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program covers kindergarten and 12 years of basic education six years of

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primary schooling, four years of junior high school and two years of senior high

school. The implementation of K to 12 program must be continued to maintain

Philippine education's improved level of global competitiveness, an education

advocacy group said. (Montemayor,2018).

Based on an article "The Philippine government works to implement its K to

12 programm while raising educational standards" (2015) and Webdev (2015)

one of the key features of the K-12 system is the integration of special tracks

designed to help students make career decisions on their own. These four

tracks academic, technical-vocational, sports, and arts and design are aimed at

improving students' skills when they want to graduate. When choosing an

academic track, students can choose one of four disciplines: general academic;

Science, technology, engineering and mathematics; Accounting, business and

management; Humanities and social sciences. Students can choose their strand

just like they choose a university program. In addition to 15 core subjects, 16

subjects were added to this line, divided into 11 and 12 classes, consisting of

various situations and special subjects, depending on the track and strand.

Students of the new system will graduate at the age of 18 and will be ready for

employment, entrepreneurship, middle level skills development, and higher

education upon graduation.

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Based on Arni Abueva (2019) The implementation of the K-12 plan in the
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Philippine Basic Education Curriculum is the key to our nation’s development.

Though the government faces many problems as it implements the program

over the course of several years, it is a necessary improvement since

increasing the quality of our education is critical to our nation's success.

The Accountancy, Business and Management Strand

Based on article written by Cruz (2014), ABM or Accountancy, Business,

and Management Strand of the Academic Track of Senior High School (SHS) of

the K-12 program, offers nine different specialized subjects, each of them have

different topics and competencies that would help students to understand more

about the field of business. Such as, Applied Economics, Business Ethics and

Social Responsibility, Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and

Management 1, Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management 2,

Business Math, Business Finance, Organization and Management, Principles of

Marketing, Work Immersion. The curriculum development for SHS was

developed by the Technical Panels, which consists of top educators and

industry representatives in the respective fields, and was initially made by the

CHED Technical Panels. Even without pay, the professionals put a lot of their

time, effort and hard work, because of a great mindset and a goal, that the

future generations will pursue the program that has started, for a better

education system in the Philippines.

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Based on article written by Guiao (2018), The strand Accountancy,

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Business and Management (ABM) has the capability to give awareness about

the economic growth and expansion of the Philippines, this strand welcomes

different opportunity for the aspiring accountants, entrepeneurs, managers and

leaders. The students would be able to learn different knowledge, enhance their

skills and build creative ideas, that will serve as a guide to compete with the

global market, through specialized subjects, namely, Organization and

Management, Business Organizations, Applied Economics, Business Ethics and

Social Responsibility, Accountancy, Business Math, Finance and Principles of

Marketing. Business industries both locally and internationally, opens big

opportunities for the upcoming graduates, hence, ABM strand has significant

contribution and has a great impact to the advancement of economy, also, it

forms future innovative leaders in the world of business.

As claimed by Sparks (2017), Accountancy Business and Management

(ABM) strand covers the fundamentals of accounting, Business Math, Business

Finance, Applied Economics, Business Ethics and Social Responsibility,

Organization and Finance and other related subjects that helps the students to

widen knowledge on a business field and opens a path to the corporate world.

The article of Sparks' determines the importance of taking Accountancy,

Business and Management. Sparks highlighted that taking ABM encourages the
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students to gain knowledge about business since it is the specialization of the

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course.

According to Ocbena (2016), the track of Accountancy, Business and

Management gives a basicconcepts, principles and processes regarding the

managements and business circles that is applicable to learners who are

pursuing Economics, Business Administration, Accountancy and Marketing in

college. Studying the strand enhancing the knowledge of the students about the

economic issues. Ocbena emphasizes the application of basic concepts and

Processes of ABM that is employable on our real-life activities like simply paying

taxes or rent, bank loans, initiating business, credits and more .

Motivations of student

Stated by Steinmayr, R., Weidinger, A., Schwinger, M., And Spinath, B.,

(2019) Achievement motivation is not a single construct however alternatively

subsumes quite a few different constructs like capacity self-concepts, challenge

values, goals, and achievement motives. According to Edgar, S., Carr, S., And

Celenza, A., (2019) Motivation to study and especially self-notion with learning,

can be influential inside the transition into higher education. Undertaking

measures of instructional motivation can be beneficial to decide scholar

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engagement with curriculum, through identifying any hyperlink between pupil

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self-perception and performance in precise courses.

Stated by Gbollie and Keamu, (2017) Motivation should be equated to being

a bridge, and strategy use entails walking on the bridge. Therefore, motivation

and strategy use relationship should be thought about by teachers and school

administrators and actions must be employed to suit them. Because when the

motivation of students is detrimentally affected, it would have a reciprocal effect

on students and their learning outcomes.

Stated by Weimer, (2013) there were two types of Motivation: intrinsic,

which involves doing something because they want to do it, and extrinsic, which

is doing something because they have to do it. A negative relationship exists

between the two. Extrinsic motivation undermines intrinsic motivation. Students

will not be attending class because they want to, if attending class is required.

According to Kusurkar, R., Ten Cate, Vos, Westers, P., and Croiset, G.,

(2012) self-motivation ends in a good study strategy and high observe effort,

which leads to better academic performance. for example, the study strategy

mediates the affect of motivation on academic performance.

Challenges of students

According to Lynch (2016) Some students struggle with completing

assignments and submitting homework on time and staying focused in class.

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These struggles, may be part of a bigger problem that parents, guardians and
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educators do not see clearly.  9 challenges students face in school are poverty,

homeless families, child abuse and neglect, bullying, sex and pregnancy,

suicide, drugs, and dropping out. This article reviews the first two challenges

which are poverty and homeless families. Contrary to what many believed

possible in the past, education has not eliminated poverty. Schools have not

been designed to properly serve poor children. In their neighborhood, they may

be exposed to drugs, violent crime, and prostitution, and they may turn to these

types of activities themselves at an early age. Parents of children living in

poverty often struggle to provide them with enough quality food and medical

coverage. Children living in poverty often come to school without having had

enough sleep and without having had breakfast. They often experience family

violence, abuse, secondhand smoke, neglect, and inadequate clothing. As a

teacher, you will likely have impoverished students in your class. Homelessness

is another step down on the ladder of poverty. Homeless children still need to

have an education. Poverty and homeless families are serious challenges that

students may be facing today. Be aware of signs or situations that reflect these

problems among your students. In the classroom seek to assist your students as

best as you can and continue to educate them. Continue to read the other parts

of this series to learn more about the challenges students face today.

Based on Lehigh (n.d) There are many “issues” commonly experienced by

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students in college that can sometimes pose major challenges to study, play,
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socializing, and living. Homesickness Beginning life at college naturally

generates both excitement and anxiety. Those who experience homesickness

might notice an increase in depressed feelings, anxiety, obsessive thoughts and

minor physical ailments. Difficulty Sleeping Because very few college students

regularly get the eight hours of sleep they need daily, or frequently put together

their sleep hours in haphazard fashion, difficulties due to sleep pose one of the

biggest challenges in living for many college students. Anxiety is a natural

consequence of stressful everyday events. Stress (also referred to as anxiety) is

a reaction to ordinary needs on our energy. Whatever that makes your frame

and thoughts paintings faster. Depression at times, we may also feel especially

“down” or “tired”. If this down feeling also consist of unexpected crying,

adjustment in eating/sleeping or even suicidal thoughts and appears to closing

for some weeks, you may be experiencing sign and symtoms of depression and

Trauma can arise while annoying event often sudden causes gian psychological

distress.

Stated by Young (2018) Success in the academic arena is an

achievement that often requires students to overcome many hurdles, some of

which are more challenging than others. If academic performance hinged on raw

intelligence and work ethic alone, academic success would be almost a

given. Developing an awareness of the factors that could negatively impact

academic success is one way to better prepare parents, teachers and students
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to deal with them. Students whose families are of low socioeconomic status
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progress more slowly academically than their wealthier peers. Wealth and status

are aan umbrella for many issues that affect performance. Getting little or no

homework assistance available at home and getting duties around the house or

at a part time job which may shorten study time. Problems, literacy and

development may begin to affect children putting them at disadvantage.

Education of parents the amount and nature of homework and study assistance

at home can have an impact on the performance of the students. The level of

education attained by parents, however, can also affect the ability of a student to

achieve by influencing parental expectations. Class size the students per

teacher ratio of a school is a Statistics that interests many parents and is often

used as a recruitment tool.

Educatenigeria (n.a) stated that there are demanding situations facing the

education sector in and they have faced them for quite some time now. These

issues have a massive impact on the student’s educational research skils.

Corruption and selfishness are the principal motivates for the numerous

challenges going through secondary college students. Politicians generally

tend to embezzle the funds allotted for. Unqualified educators Total personal

secondary school owners nominate unqualified teachers who lack the know-how

to educate students on teaching careers. This is one of the many reasons why

many students tend to performing. Poor infrastructure it involves the use of

poorly constructed schools which have a negative impact on their

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comprehension stage in flip. Inadequate fee teachers being inadequately paid,

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result in nationwide teachers’ strikes. Paying the academics suitable and good

enough salaries will make the qualified educated Africans expand an hobby in

teaching and ultimately students will find training as substitute exciting the

stressful.

Core Subjects in Accountancy, Business and Management

Courses.com.ph (2018) stated that Core Subjects are subjects that all

SHS students will study regardless of their chosen career track or learning

strand. You can think of this as similar to the general education (GE) subjects

that college students usually take on their first or second year of college. Core

Subjects that belong to Accounting, Business and Management (ABM) are Oral

Communication, Reading and Writing, Komunikasyon at Pananaliksik sa Wika

at Kulturang Pilipino, General Mathematics, Statistics and Probability, Earth

and Life Science, Physical Science, Understanding Culture, Society and

Politics and Physical Education and Health.

According to Sangeet (2016) a core subject is a set of basic courses

that a student must complete with at least a passing grade to be prepared for

their future courses. Core subject is necessary in every phase of one’s

education. Such a curriculum generally comprises of courses providing

fundamental linguistic skills, basic mathematical knowledge, basic scientific

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awareness and basic social awareness. With that being said, education without
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core subject cannot really be fruitful. Every form and level of education must

retain a core curriculum.

According to an article written by Brandon, 2014 Core subjects include

English, Math and Science that includes different knowledge that every student

must learn. Moreover, a student must acquire good grades in order to pass the

subjects. The core subjects were essential and can be applied in everyday life

of an individual, it helps a person in order to achieve progress and can serves

as a guide in education of a student. Whenever students face different

struggles with examinations, they should put a lot of effort and concentration in

studying their core subjects.

Synthesis
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CHAPTER 3

Reaserch Methodology

This chapter will discuss the design and procedures that will be used in

conducting the study. This will represent the research design, participants,

sampling technique, data gathering procedure, and the treatment of data. This

chapter will show how the researchers will have the necessary data for the study

and how these data will be analyzed, interpreted, and presented.

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Reaserch Design
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This study is a qualitative type of research. A qualitative research is used to

gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions and motivations. It also

involves the use of qualitative data such as interviews, documents, and

participant observation. This study will apply the qualitative case study

approach. A case study is research strategy which investigates a phenomenon

within its real-life context to discover the causes of underlying principles. This

research design is appropriate to this study because it aims to know the

challenges and motivations of the grade 11 ABM students Technological

Institute of the Philippines, Quezon City in terms of their core subjects which will

need an in-depth investigation to a single individual in order for the researchers

to understand and theorize through the participants’ responses

Participants

The researchers will select three participants from the girls and three

participants from the boys with their age ranging from 16-18 years old from grade

11 ABM Students from the SHS Department of Technological Institute of the

Philippines (T.I.P), Quezon City S.Y. 2019-2020. This will provide a total of 6

participants to engage in the study. Also, the participants should be willing to

share the challenges they experienced and their motivations to prevent the
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violation of research ethics and to ascertain that the data gathered is precise for
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the conclusion that will be drawn by the researchers.

Sampling Techniques

This study will use the method of purposive sampling to determine the

sample of the research under discussion. This method belongs to the category

of non-probability sampling techniques wherein sample members are selected

on the basis of their knowledge, relationships and expertise regarding a

research subject (Freedman et al.., 2007). The researchers decided to conduct

a research on selected grade 11 ABM students of T.I.P., Quezon City as the

said participants have their own challenges and motivation in their core subjects.

The experiences of the participants regarding their challenges and motivations

will help the researchers to have a reliable data for the study.

Data Gathering

The researchers will conduct an in-depth interview to those selected

Grade 11 ABM students of TIP QC who have experienced challenges and about

their motivations in studying core subjects. In order for the researchers to be

successfully collect the useful and proper data, the questions were selected

seemly. The researchers will be asking the interviewees if they are compatible

with the questions prior to their personal experiences. After which, the
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informations gathered by the reseachers from the interviewee will be recorded.

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For this reason, the collected data will help to achieve the goal of the

researchers.

Data Treatment

All data gathered from the researchers will treated confidentiality. From the

interview, the demographic data of all the participants from grade 11 ABM

students from Senior High School Department (SHS) of Technological Institute

of the Philippines (T.I.P), Quezon City S.Y. 2018-2019 retain secured. The

Participants perceived knowledge, and personal experience about their

motivation and challenges to surpass their core subjects. Researchers use

semi-structured interview to insure that all the data Researchers needed should

be collect. And also, to ensure that all data collect from the participants were

gather will be reliable, and fact. Researchers also use Audio recording system to

preserve all data gather from the participants, and convert it into text.
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