ngsjpftpay;

Gtp<u;g;G Gyk;
 juk; - 12> 13

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 5.2

Gtp<u;g;G mOj;jk;
G+kpahdJ rPuhd epiwthd Nfhskhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ> vdNt G+kpapdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;
<u;g;gOj;jkhdJ rPuhd jpz;kf; Nfhsj;jpdhy; Vw;gLtJ Nghd;wJ.

(i) G+kpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; <u;g;gOj;jk;. (ii) ntspg;Gs;spapy; <u;g;gYj;jk;

(Gs;spj;jpzpT ME ,ypUe;J r J}uj;jpy;
<u;g;gOj;jk; Nghd;wJ.)
ME ME

r
RE RE

Gtp<u;g;G mOj;jk; J}uj;Jldhd khwiy fPOs;s tiuG fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

g+kpapd; Miu

R (g+kpapd; ikaj;jpypUe;jhd J}uk;)

V (<u;g;gOj;jk;)

njhFg;
njhFg;G G: :jpU.T.gpujP gd;> fMrpupau;
jpU.T.rptypq; - ,urhadtpay;
k;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay;> (ah/khdpg;
> (ah/,e;gJ
ha;
f; ,e;
fy;JYf;}up fy; Y}upg;g- hzk;
- aho; khdpg;
) gha;)
fzpdp
fzpdptbtikg;
tbtikg; G G: :jpU.r.rrp];
jpU.r.rrp];FF khu; > >Mrpupau;
khu; Mrpupau;- -jfty;
jfty;njhlu;
njhlu;ghly;
ghly;njhopDl;
njhopDl; gk;
gk;(ah/rhtfr; Nrup
(ah/rhtfr; Nrup,e;
,e;JJ
f; f;fy;
fy;YY
}up)}up)
 juk; - 12> 13

G+kpapd; Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J h cauj;jpy; <u;g;gOj;j rf;jp mgh vd epWty;

G+kpapd; Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J h cauj;jpy; m jpzpTila nghUspd; <u;g;gOj;j rf;jp>

m jpzpTila nghUspy; G+kpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; <u;g;gOg;g rf;jp>

mOj;j rf;jp mjpfupg;G

RE

vdNt mOj;j rf;jp mjpfupg;G = mgh

G+kpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; <u;g;gOj;jr; rf;jp G+r;rpankdf; fUjpd; Gs;sp P ,y; <u;g;gOj;j rf;jp mgh
MFk;.

njhFg;
njhFg;G G: :jpU.T.gpujP gd;> fMrpupau;
jpU.T.rptypq; - ,urhadtpay;
k;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay;> (ah/khdpg;
> (ah/,e;gJ
ha;
f; ,e;
fy;JYf;}up fy; Y}upg;g- hzk;
- aho; khdpg;
) gha;)
fzpdp
fzpdptbtikg;
tbtikg; G G: :jpU.r.rrp];
jpU.r.rrp];FF khu; > >Mrpupau;
khu; Mrpupau;- -jfty;
jfty;njhlu;
njhlu;ghly;
ghly;njhopDl;
njhopDl; gk;
gk;(ah/rhtfr; Nrup
(ah/rhtfr; Nrup,e;
,e;JJ
f; f;fy;
fy;YY
}up)}up)
 juk; - 12> 13

nra;kjpfspd; ,af;fk;

#upa i dr; Rw; w p Nfhs; fspd; ,a f; fj; j pw ; Fupa i k a ehl; l tpi r <u; g; G tpi rahy;
toq;fg;gLfpd;J. mNjNghy; G+kpiar; Rw;wp nra;kjpfs;> re;jpudpd; ,af;fj;jpw;Fupa ikaehl;l
tpi ri a to q; FtJ <u; g; Gtpi r M Fk; . mj htJ ik a ehl; l tpi ra hf <u; g; Gtpi r
njhopw;gLfpd;wJ.nra;kjpahdJ Gtp<u;g;gpd; fPo; tpOfpd;w nghUs;Nghd;wJ.

GtpaPu;g;G tpirahy; Vw;gLk; Mu;KLfy; = ikaehl;l Mu;KLfy;.

nra;kjpapy; njhopw;gLk; <u;g;G tpir> ,t;tpirNa ikaehl;l tpirahFk;.

V
F = ma I ikaj;ijNehf;fp nra;kjpf;F gpuNahfpf;f
r
ME F ms

njhlypf;fjp> NfhzNtfk; miyTf;fhyk; vd;gd xOf;fpd; Miuapy; jq;fpAs;sd.

njhFg;
njhFg;G G: :jpU.T.gpujP gd;> fMrpupau;
jpU.T.rptypq; - ,urhadtpay;
k;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay;> (ah/khdpg;
> (ah/,e;gJ
ha;
f; ,e;
fy;JYf;}up fy; Y}upg;g- hzk;
- aho; khdpg;
) gha;)
fzpdp
fzpdptbtikg;
tbtikg; G G: :jpU.r.rrp];
jpU.r.rrp];FF khu; > >Mrpupau;
khu; Mrpupau;- -jfty;
jfty;njhlu;
njhlu;ghly;
ghly;njhopDl;
njhopDl; gk;
gk;(ah/rhtfr; Nrup
(ah/rhtfr; Nrup,e;
,e;JJ
f; f;fy;
fy;YY
}up)}up)
 juk; - 12> 13

Note:
 nra; k jpapy; ,Uf; F k; nghUl; f spd; Njhw; w epiw G+r; r pak; (Gtp<u; g ; g pd; fP o ; tpOfpd; w
nghUl; f spd; Njhw; w epiw G+r; r pak; Nghd; w J) nra; k jpapy; ,Ue; J nghUs; xd; W
tpotplg;gl;lhy; nghUs; njhlu;e;J nra;kjpAld; mNjghijapy; ,aq;Fk;.
 nra;kjpapy; ,aw;if cld;fhTif epfohJ. Gtp<u;g;gpd; fPo; tpOk; cau;j;jpapYk; ,aw;if
cld;fhTif epfohJ.
 nra;kjpapd; rf;jpahdJ xOf;fpd; MiuAldhd khwiy gpd;tUk; tiuG tifFwpf;fpd;wJ.
(rf;jp)

(,af;frf;jp)

(xOf;fpd; Miu)
(nkhj;j rf;jp)

(mOj;j rf;jp)

 nra;kjpapd; xOf;fpd; Miu mjpfupf;f ,af;f rf;jp FiwAk;> mOj;j rf;jp mjpfupf;Fk;>
nkhj;j rf;jp mjpfupf;Fk;.

njhFg;
njhFg;G G: :jpU.T.gpujP gd;> fMrpupau;
jpU.T.rptypq; - ,urhadtpay;
k;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay;> (ah/khdpg;
> (ah/,e;gJ
ha;
f; ,e;
fy;JYf;}up fy; Y}upg;g- hzk;
- aho; khdpg;
) gha;)
fzpdp
fzpdptbtikg;
tbtikg; G G: :jpU.r.rrp];
jpU.r.rrp];FF khu; > >Mrpupau;
khu; Mrpupau;- -jfty;
jfty;njhlu;
njhlu;ghly;
ghly;njhopDl;
njhopDl; gk;
gk;(ah/rhtfr; Nrup
(ah/rhtfr; Nrup,e;
,e;JJ
f; f;fy;
fy;YY
}up)}up)
 juk; - 12> 13

Gtpepiyahd nra;kjp
G+kpapypUe; J mtjhdpf; Fk; NghJ nra; k jp epiyahfTs; s J Nghy; ,Uf; Fk; . vdNt Gtp
rhu;ghf nra;kjp Xa;tpYs;sJ. ,r;nra;kjp Gtpepiyahd nra;kjp vdg;gLk;. mjdhy; Gtpapd;
NfhzNtfKk; ,r; nra;kjpapd; NfhzNtfKk; rkdhFk;. NfhzNtfk; xOf;f pd; Miuapy;
jq; fpAs; sJ. MfNt Gtp epiyahd nra; k jpf; F xOf; f pd; Miu Fwpj;j nthU ngWkhdk;
kl;LNk ,Uf;Fk;.

G+kpapd; NfhzNtfk;

G+kpapd; miyTfhyk; = 24 kzpj;jpahyak;.

Note:
 Gtpepiyahd nra;kjpf;F

 NfhzNtfk;

 xOf;fpd; Miuf;F Fwpj;j xUngWkhdk; kl;LNk ,Uf;Fk;.

nra;kjpfs; gy;NtW Jiwfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ mitahtd

i. tptrhaj;Jiw - kz;ts Muha;r;rp> fhyepiygw;wp vjpu;T $wy;.

ii. Rw;Wg;Gwr; #oy; - mZf;fopTfs; flypy; tPRtJ Nghd;w nraw;ghLfisf; fz;fhzpj;jy;.
iii. epy msit - epy msitj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; GPS (Global Position System)
iv. njhiyj;njhlu;Gj;Jiw

jg;G Ntfk;
G+kpapd; ftu; r ; r p tpirapypUe; J jg; G tjw; F G+kpapd; Nkw; g ug; g py; nghUs; nfhz; b Uf; f
Ntz;ba ,opTf;fjp jg;G Ntfk; vdg;gLk;. jg;G NtfkhdJ nghUspd; jpzptpNyh Ntfj;jpd;
jpirapNyh jq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy.
ME

Kbtpypapy; (∞)

RE mOj;j rf;jp = 0
m ,af;frf;jp ≥ 0 Mf ,Uf;Fk;
/ T.E ≥ 0 Mf ,Uf;Fk;.

njhFg;
njhFg;G G: :jpU.T.gpujP gd;> fMrpupau;
jpU.T.rptypq; - ,urhadtpay;
k;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay;> (ah/khdpg;
> (ah/,e;gJ
ha;
f; ,e;
fy;JYf;}up fy; Y}upg;g- hzk;
- aho; khdpg;
) gha;)
fzpdp
fzpdptbtikg;
tbtikg; G G: :jpU.r.rrp];
jpU.r.rrp];FF khu; > >Mrpupau;
khu; Mrpupau;- -jfty;
jfty;njhlu;
njhlu;ghly;
ghly;njhopDl;
njhopDl; gk;
gk;(ah/rhtfr; Nrup
(ah/rhtfr; Nrup,e;
,e;JJ
f; f;fy;
fy;YY
}up)}up)
 juk; - 12> 13

,g;nghUs; Gtpapd; ftu;r;rp tpirf;F mg;ghy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ nghUspd; mOj;j rf;jp G+r;rpak;.
vdNt nghUs; GtpaP u ; g ; G ftu; r ; r p tpir mg; g hy; ,Uf; F k; NghJ ,af; f rf; j pia kl; L k;
nfhz;bUf;fyhk; mjhtJ nghUspd; nkhj;j rf;jp ,af;f rf;jpahFk;. nghUs; Xa;tpy; ,Ug;gpd;
nkhj;j rf;jp G+r;rpak;.
G+kapd; Nkw; g ug; g pYs;s nghUs; Gtp<u;g ; G ftr; r p tpirf; fg; g hy; nry; y Ntz; L khapd; mjd;
nkhj;jrf;jp ≥ 0 Mjy; Ntz;Lk;.

G+kpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; <u;g;Gg; Gyr;nrwpT 11.2 kmS-1 Ntfj;jpYk; ngupjhf my;yJ

rkdhd Ntfj; i j nghUs; nfhz; b Uf; F khapd; mg; n ghUs; ftu; r ; r p tpirf; F mg; g hy;
nrd;WtpLk;.

njhFg;
njhFg;G G: :jpU.T.gpujP gd;> fMrpupau;
jpU.T.rptypq; - ,urhadtpay;
k;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay;> (ah/khdpg;
> (ah/,e;gJ
ha;
f; ,e;
fy;JYf;}up fy; Y}upg;g- hzk;
- aho; khdpg;
) gha;)
fzpdp
fzpdptbtikg;
tbtikg; G G: :jpU.r.rrp];
jpU.r.rrp];FF khu; > >Mrpupau;
khu; Mrpupau;- -jfty;
jfty;njhlu;
njhlu;ghly;
ghly;njhopDl;
njhopDl; gk;
gk;(ah/rhtfr; Nrup
(ah/rhtfr; Nrup,e;
,e;JJ
f; f;fy;
fy;YY
}up)}up)
 juk; - 12> 13

tpdhf;fs;

G+kpia Rw;wptUk; nra;kjpapy; cs;s tpz;ntsptPuu; epiwaw;w jd;ikia czUthu;.

1. ,J G+kpapy; ,Ue;J nra;kjpapd; cauj;jpy; jq;fpAs;sjh?

G+kpia Rw;wptUk; nra;kjpapy; ,Ue;J tpz;ntsptPuu; nghUs; xd;iw tpotpLfpd;whu;.

2. nghUshdJ G+kpapd; kPJ tpOkh? (rf;jp ,og;ig Gwf;fzpf;f)

G+kpia Rw; w ptUk; nra; k jpapd; nkhj; j r; rf; j pahdJ Neu; g ; n gWkhdk; c ilajh?
3. my;yJ kiwg;ngWkhdk; cilajh? tpsf;Ff.

G+kpia Rw; w ptUk; nra; kjpapahdJ xUgFjp rf; j pia ,of; f pd; w NghJ mjd; fjp
4. mjpfupf;fpd;wJ tpsf;Ff.

5. re;jpudpy; Vd; tspkz;lyk; fhzg;gltpy;iy? tpsf;Ff.

G+kpia tl;lg;ghijapy; tyk; tUk; nra;kjpapy; cs;s msTrhbapy; jf;ifnahd;W

6. kpjf;fpd;wJ. jf;ifahdJ ePu;Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J rpwpJ cauj;jpy; tplg;gLk; NghJ ahJ
epfOk;? tpsf;Ff.

1. G+kpapd; Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J R, 3R cauq;fspy; cs;s xOf;Ffspy; ,U nra;kjpfs; tyk;

tUfpd;wd. ,q;F R vd;gJ G+kpapd; MiuahFk;. ,U nra;kjpfspdJk; mOj;j rf;jpfspd;
tpfpjk;.

2. nra;kjpnahd;W cWjpa xOf;fpy; ,Ue;J Miu $ba cWjpahd g+r;rpaj;jpw;F khWfpd;wJ.

,jd; NghJ vf;fzpak; mjpfupf;Fk;.
(1) tpir (2) mOj;j rf;jp (3) ,af;f rf;jp

3. nra;kjpnahd;W G+kpia Nehf;fp tpohjpUf;fpd;wJ Vnddpy;

(1) G+kpapd; ftu;r;rp tpiria re;jpudpd; ftu;r;rp tpir rkg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
(2) ,af;fj;jpw;Fupa ikaehl;l tpiria G+kpapd; ftu;r;rp tpir toq;Ffpd;wJ.
(3) nra;kjpapd; cauj;jpy; G+kpapd; ftu;r;rp tpir G+r;rpak;.
(4) tspkz;lyj;jhy; Vw;gLk; ghFepiyj; jil tpirfshy; G+kpapd; ftu;r;rp tpir
rkg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

njhFg;
njhFg;G G: :jpU.T.gpujP gd;> fMrpupau;
jpU.T.rptypq; - ,urhadtpay;
k;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay;> (ah/khdpg;
> (ah/,e;gJ
ha;
f; ,e;
fy;JYf;}up fy; Y}upg;g- hzk;
- aho; khdpg;
) gha;)
fzpdp
fzpdptbtikg;
tbtikg; G G: :jpU.r.rrp];
jpU.r.rrp];FF khu; > >Mrpupau;
khu; Mrpupau;- -jfty;
jfty;njhlu;
njhlu;ghly;
ghly;njhopDl;
njhopDl; gk;
gk;(ah/rhtfr; Nrup
(ah/rhtfr; Nrup,e;
,e;JJ
f; f;fy;
fy;YY
}up)}up)
 juk; - 12> 13

4. G+kpia Rw; w p Gtprhu; g hf epiyahd nra; k jpfs; gy cs; s d ,tw; w pd; jpzpTfs;
khWgl;ldthf mikAk;. ,r; nra;kjpfspd; ,af;f rf;jpfs; mr;nra;kjpfspd; jpzpTfSld;
khWgLk; tisapfspy; rupahdJ.

K.E K.E K.E

M M M
(i) (ii) (iii)

K.E K.E

M M
(iv) (v)

5. GtpaPu;g;gpd; fPo; xU Jzpf;if Gs;sp X ,ypUe;J Gs;sp Y tiu gazk; nra;fpd;wJ.

A. Gtp<u;g;G mOj;j rf;jpapd; NtWghL Jzpf;ifapd; gazg;ghijapy; jq;fpapUf;ftpyiy.
B. X ,w; Fk; Y ,w; Fk; ,ilapyhd Jzpf;i fapd; ,af; f rf; jp NtWghL Jzpf;i fapd;
mOj;j rf;jp NtWghl;bw;F rkd;.
C. mOj;j rf;jp NtWghL Jzpf;ifapd; jpzptpy; jq;fpapUf;Fk;.
NkYs;s $w;WfSs; rupahdJ / rupahdit.
(1) A khj;jpuk; (2) B khj;jpuk; (3) A, B khj;jpuk;

6. 100 kg jpzpTila nuhf;fw; xd;W G+kpapd; ikaj;jpypUe;J 107 m J}uj;jpYs;s NghJ

9 9
<u;g;gOj;j rf;jp (-)4x10 J. nuhf;fw; G+kpapd; ikaj;jpypUe;J 10 m J}uj;jpy; cs;sNghJ
mjd; epiw (N) ,y;
(1) 8x10-2 (2) 4x10-2 (3) 2x10-2 (4) 8x10-3 (5) 4x10-8

njhFg;
njhFg;G G: :jpU.T.gpujP gd;> fMrpupau;
jpU.T.rptypq; - ,urhadtpay;
k;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay;> (ah/khdpg;
> (ah/,e;gJ
ha;
f; ,e;
fy;JYf;}up fy; Y}upg;g- hzk;
- aho; khdpg;
) gha;)
fzpdp
fzpdptbtikg;
tbtikg; G G: :jpU.r.rrp];
jpU.r.rrp];FF khu; > >Mrpupau;
khu; Mrpupau;- -jfty;
jfty;njhlu;
njhlu;ghly;
ghly;njhopDl;
njhopDl; gk;
gk;(ah/rhtfr; Nrup
(ah/rhtfr; Nrup,e;
,e;JJ
f; f;fy;
fy;YY
}up)}up)
 juk; - 12> 13

7. Jzpf;
,y; ifnahd;W KbtpypapypUe;J g+kpia Nehf;fp tpOfpd;wJ. g+kpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; mjd;
(1) ( g -2
fjp 8x10 - Gtpapd; (2)
Nkw;4x10 -2
gug;g py; <u;g;ghu;K(3) 2x10> -2RE - g+kpapd; (4)
Lfy; 8x10-3
Miu) (5) 4x10-8
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

8. g+kpapy; ,Ue;J re;jpuid Nehf;fp vwpag;gLk; nghUs; re;jpuid milfpd;wJ

A - vwpaw;fjp g+kpapd; jg;G Ntfj;jpYk; ngupjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
B - vwpag;gLk; nghUspd; mOj;j rf;jp mjd;ghijapYs;s VjhapDk; xU Gs;spapy; g+r;rpa
ngWkhdj;ij miljy; Ntz;Lk;.
C - vwpag;gLk; nghUspd; ,af;f rf;jp Fiwtile;J gpd;du; mjpfupf;Fk;
NkYs;s $w;Wf;fSs; rupahdJ/rupahdit.
(1) A kl;Lk; (2)B kl;Lk; (3) C kl;Lk; (4) A , C khj;jpuk; (5) A,B,C vy;yhk;

njhFg;
njhFg;G G: :jpU.T.gpujP gd;> fMrpupau;
jpU.T.rptypq; - ,urhadtpay;
k;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay;> (ah/khdpg;
> (ah/,e;gJ
ha;
f; ,e;
fy;JYf;}up fy; Y}upg;g- hzk;
- aho; khdpg;
) gha;)
fzpdp
fzpdptbtikg;
tbtikg; G G: :jpU.r.rrp];
jpU.r.rrp];FF khu; > >Mrpupau;
khu; Mrpupau;- -jfty;
jfty;njhlu;
njhlu;ghly;
ghly;njhopDl;
njhopDl; gk;
gk;(ah/rhtfr; Nrup
(ah/rhtfr; Nrup,e;
,e;JJ
f; f;fy;
fy;YY
}up)}up)