What is artificial intelligence?

AI can be described as an area of computer science that simulates human intelligence in

machines. It’s about smart algorithms making decisions based on the available data.

Whether it’s Amazon’s Alexa or a self-driving car, the goal is to mimic human intelligence at
lightning speed (and with a reduced rate of error).

More reading: What is AI? Everything you need to know about Artificial Intelligence

What’s the most popular programming language used in AI?

The open-source modular programming language Python leads the AI industry because of its
simplicity and predictable coding behavior.

Its popularity can be attributed to open-source libraries like Matplotlib and NumPy, efficient
frameworks such as Scikit-learn, and practical version libraries like Tensorflow and VTK.

There’s a chance that the interviewer might keep the conversation going and ask you for more
examples. If that happens, you can mention the following:

 Java
 Julia
 Haskell
 Lisp

What are AI neural networks?

Neural networks in AI mathematically model how the human brain works. This approach
enables the machine to think and learn as humans do. This is how smart technology today
recognizes speech, objects, and more.

 
What’s the difference between AI and ML?

What are some examples of AI in use?

Some compelling examples of AI applications are:

 Chatbots
 Facial recognition
 Image tagging
 Natural language processing
 Sales prediction
 Self-driving cars
 Sentiment analysis

What’s a Turing test?

The Turing test, named after Alan Turing, is a method of testing a machine’s human-level
intelligence. For example, in a human-versus-machine scenario, a judge will be tasked with
identifying which terminal was occupied by a human and which was occupied by a computer
based on individual performance.

Whenever a computer can pass off as a human, it’s deemed intelligent. The game has since
evolved, but the premise remains the same.

What’s TensorFlow?
TensorFlow is an open-source framework dedicated to ML. It’s a comprehensive and highly
adaptable ecosystem of libraries, tools, and community resources that help developers build
and deploy ML-powered applications. Both AlphaGo and Google Cloud Vision were built on the
Tensorflow platform.

In your opinion, how will AI impact application

development?
These types of questions help the interviewer ascertain your level of interest in the field. If
you’re naturally passionate about AI and everything related to it, you should have some
knowledge about current industry trends.

So, if you have been actively following this space, you’ll know all about AIOps. In the coming
months, you can expect AI to be more involved in how we build applications. It has the potential
to transform how we use and manage the infrastructure at a micro and macro level.

Some say that DevOps will be replaced by what they are calling AIOps because it allows
developers to engage in accurate root cause analysis by combining big data, ML, and
visualization.

AIOps can be described as a multilayered platform that can be used to automate and improve
IT operations. In this scenario, developers can leverage analytics and ML to collect and process
data from a variety of sources. This information can then be analyzed in real time to identify and
rectify problems.
What would you say are common misconceptions about AI?
Many AI-related misconceptions are making the rounds in the age of “fake news.” The most
common ones are:

 AI will replace humans

 AI systems aren’t safe
 AI will lead to significant unemployment

While these types of stories are common, they’re far from the truth. Even though some AI-based
technology is able to complete some tasks—for example, analyzing zettabytes of data in less
than a second—it still needs humans to gather the data and define the patterns for identification.

So we aren’t near a reality where technology has the potential to replace us or our jobs.

 In Python’s standard library, what packages would you say

are the most useful for data scientists?
Python wasn’t built for data science. However, in recent years it has grown to become the go-to
programming language for the following:

 Machine learning
 Predictive analytics
 Simple data analytics
 Statistics

For data science projects, the following packages in the Python standard library will make life
easier and accelerate deliveries:

 NumPy (to process large multidimensional arrays, extensive collections of high-level

mathematical functions, and matrices)
 Pandas (to leverage built-in methods for rapidly combining, filtering, and grouping data)
 SciPy (to extend NumPy’s capabilities and solve tasks related to integral calculus, linear
algebra, and probability theory)

What’s a feature vector?

A feature vector is an n-dimensional vector that contains essential information that describes the
characteristics of an object. For example, it can be an object’s numerical features or a list of
numbers taken from the output of a neural network layer.

In AI and data science, feature vectors can be used to represent numeric or symbolic
characteristics of an object in mathematical terms for seamless analysis.

Let’s break this down. A data set is usually organized into multiple examples where each
example will have several features. However, a feature vector won’t have the same feature for
numerous examples. Instead, each example will correspond to one feature vector that will
contain all the numerical values for that example object.

Feature vectors are often stacked into a design matrix. In this scenario, each row will be a
feature vector for one example. Each column will feature all the examples that correspond to
that particular feature. This means that it will be like a matrix, but with just one row and multiple
columns (or a single column and multiple rows) like [1,2,3,5,6,3,2,0].
What are the different algorithm techniques you can use in
AI and ML?
Some algorithm techniques that can be leveraged are:
  Learning to learn
 Reinforcement learning (deep adversarial networks, q-learning, and temporal difference)
 Semi-supervised learning
 Supervised learning (decision trees, linear regression, naive bayes, nearest neighbor,
neural networks, and support vector machines)
 Transduction
 Unsupervised learning (association rules and k-means clustering)

What’s regularization?
When you have underfitting or overfitting issues in a statistical model, you can use the
regularization technique to resolve it. Regularization techniques like LASSO help penalize some
model parameters if they are likely to lead to overfitting.

If the interviewer follows up with a question about other methods that can be used to avoid
overfitting, you can mention cross-validation techniques such as k-folds cross-validation.

Another approach is to keep the model simple by taking into account fewer variables and
parameters. Doing this helps remove some of the noise in the training data.

What steps would you take to evaluate the effectiveness of

your ML model?
You have to first split the data set into training and test sets. You also have the option of using a
cross-validation technique to further segment the data set into a composite of training and test
sets within the data.

Then you have to implement a choice selection of the performance metrics like the following:

 Confusion matrix
 Accuracy
 Precision
 Recall or sensitivity
 Specificity
 F1 score

For the most part, you can use measures such as accuracy, confusion matrix, or F1 score.
However, it’ll be critical for you to demonstrate that you understand the nuances of how each
model can be measured by choosing the right performance measure to match the problem.

Do you know how to build a simple neural network? Can

you demonstrate how you would do it with any programming
code?
Where do you usually source your data sets?
If you talk about AI projects that you’ve worked on in your free time, the interviewer will probably
ask where you sourced your data sets. If you’re genuinely passionate about the field, you would
have worked on enough projects to know where you can find free data sets.

For example, here are some freely available public data sets that you should know about
(without conducting a Google search):

 CelebFaces (with 200,000 celebrity images along with 40 attribute annotations)

 CIFAR (with 60,000 images that map 10 different classes)
 YouTube-8M (with over 4,000 annotated entities taken from an enormous data set of
YouTube videos)

Researchers have released hundreds of free resources like these along with the actual network
architecture and weights used in their examples. So it will serve you well to explore some of
these data sets and run some experiments before heading out for an AI interview.

Top AI Companies in Hyderabad

SetuServ, Tapadia Tech, Vitwit, CodeKindle Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

Nuacem AI Pvt Ltd, Innovius Global Consultants, ONPASSIVE AI.

What is intelligence?

All but the simplest human behaviour is ascribed to intelligence, while even

the most complicated insect behaviour is never taken as an indication of
intelligence. What is the difference? Consider the behaviour of the
digger wasp, Sphex ichneumoneus. When the female wasp returns to her
burrow with food, she first deposits it on the threshold, checks for intruders
inside her burrow, and only then, if the coast is clear, carries her food inside.
The real nature of the wasp’s instinctual behaviour is revealed if the food is
moved a few inches away from the entrance to her burrow while she is inside

Learning

There are a number of different forms of learning as applied to artificial

intelligence. The simplest is learning by trial and error. For example, a
simple computer program for solving mate-in-one chess problems might try
moves at random until mate is found. The program might then store the
solution with the position so that the
Reasoning

To reason is to draw inferences appropriate to the situation. Inferences are

classified as either deductive or inductive. An example of the former is, “Fred
must be in either the museum or the café. He is not in the café; therefore he is
in the museum,” and of the latter, “Previous accidents of this sort were caused
by instrument failure; therefore this accident was caused by instrument
failure.” The most significant difference between these forms of reasoning is
that in the deductive case the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the
conclusion, whereas in the inductive case the truth of the premise

Problem solving

Problem solving, particularly in artificial intelligence, may be characterized as

a systematic search through a range of possible actions in order to reach some
predefined goal or solution. Problem-solving methods divide into special
purpose and general purpose. A special-purpose method is tailor-made for a
particular problem and often exploits very specific features of the situation in
which the problem is embedded. In contrast, a general-purpose method is
applicable to a wide variety of problems. One general-purpose technique used
in AI is means-end analysis—a step-by-step, or incremental, reduction of the
difference between the current state and the final goal. The program selects
actions from a list of means—in the case of a simple robot this might consist of
PICKUP, PUTDOWN,

Perception

In perception the environment is scanned by means of various sensory organs,

real or artificial, and the scene is decomposed into separate objects in various
spatial relationships. Analysis is complicated by the fact that an object may
appear different depending on the angle from which it is viewed, the direction
and intensity of illumination in the scene, and how much the object contrasts
with the surrounding field.

Language

A language is a system of signs having meaning by convention. In this sense,

language need not be confined to the spoken word. Traffic signs, for example,
form a minilanguage, it being a matter of convention that ⚠ means “hazard
ahead” in some countries. It is distinctive of languages that linguistic units
possess meaning by convention, and linguistic meaning is very different from
what is called natural meaning, exemplified in statements such as “Those
clouds mean rain” and “The fall in pressure means the valve is
malfunctioning.”

An important characteristic of full-fledged human languages—in contrast to

birdcalls and traffic signs—is their productivity. A productive language can
formulate an unlimited variety of sentences.

It is relatively easy to write computer programs that seem able, in severely

restricted contexts, to respond fluently in a human language to questions and
statements. Although none of these programs actually understands language,
they may, in principle, reach the point where their command of a language is
indistinguishable from that of a normal human. What, then, is involved in
genuine understanding, if even a computer that uses language like a native
human speaker is not acknowledged to understand? There is no universally
agreed upon answer to this difficult question. According to one theory,
whether or not one understands depends not only on one’s behaviour but also
on one’s history: in order to be said to understand, one must have learned the
language and have been trained to take one’s place in the
linguistic community by means of interaction with other language users.

SIMILAR TOPICS

 Responsive environments
 Distributed computing
 Embedded processor
 computer architecture
 Computer art
 Computer-integrated manufacturing
 Computer memory
 Supercomputer
 Computer graphics
 Digital computer

What is the difference between human and machine intelligence?

  While humans behave according to their consciousness, machines perform as they are
taught. Humans perform activities as per their own intelligence. On the
contrary, machines only have an artificial intelligence. It is a man-
made intelligence that the machines have.

What's the main point of difference between Human & Machine Intelligence?
What's the main point of difference between human & machine intelligence?
Explanation: Humans have emotions & thus form different patterns on that basis, while
a machine(say computer) is dumb & everything is just a data for him.

What is the difference between human and machine learning?

Humans acquire knowledge through experience either directly or shared by
others. Machines acquire knowledge through experience shared in the form of past data. We
have the terms, Knowledge, Skill, and Memory being used to define intelligence. Just because
you have good memory, that does not mean you are intelligent.

Can artificial intelligence replace human intelligence pros and cons?

Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
 Reduction in Human Error: ...
 Takes risks instead of Humans: ...
 Available 24x7: ...
 Helping in Repetitive Jobs: ...
 Digital Assistance: ...
 Faster Decisions: ...
 Daily Applications: ...
 New Inventions:

What are the advantages of human intelligence?

Advantages of Artificial Intelligence vs Human Intelligence
 Speed of execution – While one doctor can make a diagnosis in ~10 minutes, AI system
can make a million for the same time.
 Less Biased – They do not involve Biased opinions on decision making process.

What is relationship between biological neuron and artificial neuron?

Artificial Neurons

Artificial neuron also known as perceptron is the basic unit of the neural network. In simple

terms, it is a mathematical function based on a model of biological neurons. It can also be
seen as a simple logic gate with binary outputs. They are sometimes also called perceptrons.

How can artificial neural networks improve decision making give example?
The structure of ANNs is commonly known as a multilayered perceptron, ie, a network of many
neurons. In each layer, every artificial neuron has its own weighted inputs, transfer function,
and one output. ... Once the ANN is trained and tested with the right weights decided,
it can be given to predict the output.

Why do scientists struggle to replicate the working of human brains into artificial neural
networks?
Answer. Answer: The Artificial Intelligence misinformation epidemic centred around brains
working like neural nets seems to be coming to a head with researchers pivoting to new forms
of discovery – focusing on neural coding that could unlock the possibility of brain-computer
interface

Are neural networks like brains?

The majority of neural networks are fully connected from one layer to another. These
connexions are weighted; the higher the number the greater influence one unit has on
another, similar to a human brain. As the data goes through each unit the network is learning
more about the data.

Why do we need biological neural networks?

Why do we need biological neural networks? Explanation: These are the basic aims that
a neural network achieve. ... Explanation: Humans have emotions & thus form different
patterns on that basis, while a machine(say computer) is dumb & everything is just a data for
him.

Similarities between biological neural networks and artificial neural

networks
 What is the difference between Perceptron and Adaline?
The main difference between the two, is that a Perceptron takes that binary response (like a
classification result) and computes an error used to update the weights, whereas
an Adaline uses a continous response value to update the weights (so before the binarized
output is produced).

What are the most popular neural network architectures?

Here, we are going to explore some of the most prominent architectures, particularly in
context to deep learning.
 Multilayer Perceptrons. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is a class of feed-forward
artificial neural networks. ...
 Convolution Neural Network. ...
 Recurrent Neural Networks. ...
 Deep Belief Network. ...
 Restricted Boltzmann Machine.

What are the types of neural network architecture?

Different Types of Neural Network Architecture
 Single Layer Feed Forward Network.
 Multilayer Feed Forward Network.
 Single node with its own feedback.
 Single Layer Recurrent Network.
 Multilayer Recurrent Network.
 What are the applications of ANN in power system?
Recently, promising Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) approaches have been developed to
solve problems in power plants and power systems --tuning of controllers, process
identification, sensor validation, monitoring and fault diagnosis, in power plants, and security
assessment, load identification, load modeling.

What are 3 major categories of neural networks?

This article focuses on three important types of neural networks that form the basis for most
pre-trained models in deep learning: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Convolution Neural
Networks (CNN) Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)

What is the learning in neural network?

An artificial neural network's learning rule or learning process is a method, mathematical logic
or algorithm which improves the network's performance and/or training time. Usually, this rule
is applied repeatedly over the network.

What are the two types of learning in neural networks?

Learning Types
 Supervised Learning. The learning algorithm would fall under this category if the
desired output for the network is also provided with the input while training the network. ...
 Unsupervised Learning. ...
 Reinforcement Learning.

What is fuzzy logic used for?

Fuzzy logic has been used in numerous applications such as facial pattern recognition, air
conditioners, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, antiskid braking systems, transmission
systems, control of subway systems and unmanned helicopters, knowledge-based systems for
multiobjective optimization of power systems

What is fuzzy logic in layman terms?

Fuzzy logic is a sort of computer logic that is different from boolean algebra founded by Lotfi A.
Zadeh. It is different in the way that it allows values to be more accurate than on or off. While
boolean logic only allows true or false, fuzzy logic allows all things in between.

Advantages of Fuzzy Logic in Artificial Intelligence

It is a robust system where no precise inputs are required. These systems are able to
 accommodate several types of inputs including vague, distorted or imprecise data. In
case the feedback sensor stops working, you can reprogram it according to the situation.

What are basic components of fuzzy logic?

The principal components of an FLC system is a fuzzifier, a fuzzy rule base,
a fuzzy knowledge base, an inference engine, and a defuzz. ifier. It also includes parameters
for normalization. When the output from the defuzzifier is not a control action for a plant, then
the system is a fuzzy logic decision system

What are fuzzy set operations explain?

A fuzzy set operation is an operation on fuzzy sets. These operations are generalization of
crisp set operations. There is more than one possible generalization. ... There are
three operations: fuzzy complements, fuzzy intersections, and fuzzy unions

What are the types of fuzzy logic sets?

Interval type-2 fuzzy sets
 Fuzzy set operations: union, intersection and complement.
 Centroid (a very widely used operation by practitioners of such sets, and also an
important uncertainty measure for them)
 Other uncertainty measures [fuzziness, cardinality, variance and skewness and
uncertainty bounds.

What is the difference between classical logic and fuzzy logic?

 Classical logic only permits conclusions that are either true or false. ... Both degrees of truth
and probabilities range between 0 and 1 and hence may seem similar at first, but fuzzy
logic uses degrees of truth as a mathematical model of vagueness, while probability is a
mathematical model of ignorance.

What is the purpose of Fuzzification?

 Fuzzification. The purpose of fuzzification is to encode to precision values
into fuzzy linguistic values. To use a fuzzy control system, the measurement values (e.g.,
readings from sensors) of input parameters are always crisp in general.

Difference between Fuzzification and Defuzzification:

 S.No Comparison Fuzzification
.

Fuzzification is the method of converting a crisp quantity into a

2. Definition
fuzzy quantity.

3. Example Like, Voltmeter

Intuition, inference, rank ordering, angular fuzzy sets, neural

4. Methods
network, etcetera.

5. Complexity It is quite simple.

What are different types of membership functions?

Various types of membership functions distribution are
 Triangular membership. Triangular membership formula and distribution can be
represented as.
 Trapezoidal membership. Trapezoidal membership formula and distribution can be
represented as.
 Gaussian membership. ...
 Bell shaped membership function. ...
 Sigmoid membership.

What is fuzzy arithmetic?

Fuzzy numbers are often used to represent non-probabilistic uncertainty in engineering,
decision-making and control system applications. In these applications, fuzzy
arithmetic operations are frequently used for solving mathematical equations that
contain fuzzy numbers.

What is fuzzy set and fuzzy logic?

Fuzzy logic is based on the observation that people make decisions based on imprecise and
non-numerical information. Fuzzy models or sets are mathematical means of representing
vagueness and imprecise information (hence the term fuzzy).

What is fuzzy set with example?

A fuzzy set defined by a single point, for example { 0.5/25 }, represents a single horizontal line
(a fuzzy set with membership values of 0.5 for all x values). Note that this is not a single point!
To represent such singletons one might use { 0.0/0.5 1.0/0.5 0.0/0.5 }.