Ammu Ipt

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018, Karnataka, India
An Internship Report On
“THE INTERNET OF THINGS”

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the
Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by
Sravya K
1TJ17EC050
8th Semester, ECE
Under the guidance of
Ms. Tina Elizabeth Thomas
Asst. Professor, Dept of ECE
T.JOHN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
#86/1, Gottigere, Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore-560083

2020-2021
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University)
Approved by AICTE, Govt of India, New Delhi.
#86/1, Gottigere, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru-560083.
2020-2021
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that internship work entitled “The Internet of Things” carried out by SRAVYA K
(1TJ17EC050) partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and
Communication of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the academic year 2020-2021.
It is certified that all the corrections/suggestions indicated for the internal assessment have been
incorporated in the report deposited in the department library. The internship report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements in respect of internship work as prescribed for the said degree.
______________ ______________ ______________

Signature of Guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal
(Ms. Tina Elizabeth) (Prof. Anand Swamy. A.S) (Dr. P. Suresh Venugopal)
Signature of the Examiner’s
Name Signature with date
1.____________________ ....................................
2.____________________ .....................................
DECLARATION
I, Sravya K, hereby declare that the dissertation entitled, “The Internet of Things”, which has been
submitted by me as partial fulfilment for the final year semester examination of Engineering degree from
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, is an authentic record of my own work carried out by me
during final year at EGEN TECHNOLOGIES, under the supervision of internal guide Ms. Tina
Elizabeth Thomas, TJIT, Bangalore.
I further undertake that the matter embodied in the dissertation has not been submitted previously for the
award of degree by me to any institution.
SRAVYA K
1TJ17EC050
Place: Bangalore.
Date:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without mentioning the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement crowned
my efforts with success.
I thank our beloved Principal, Dr.P. Suresh Venugopal and HOD, Department of ECE Prof. Anand
Swamy, who has given me confidence to believe in ourselves and complete the Internship.
Guidance and deadlines play a very important role in successful completion of internship report on time. I
convey my gratitude to my internal guide, Ms. Tina Elizabeth Thomas.
SRAVYA K
1TJ17EC050
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I hereby express my happiness for completing “INTERNSHIP” Training successfully for the period of one
month. I generally thank all the employees for giving me an opportunity to learn many important features of
training. I extend my special thanks and gratitude to Sri. Suresh Kumar (consultant R&D) for guidance
given in spite of a busy work schedule and made course very interesting for which act of kindness remain
ever grateful. I also thank department of ECE and gratitude to my internal guide Ms. Tina Elizabeth
Thomas for guidance and support for completing the report on time.
Finally, I hope this course will help me in building my career of engineering with the aid of equipment
provided by your factory in a cordial atmosphere.
SRAVYA K
1TJ17EC050
The Internet of Things
ABSTRACT
This aspect is all about internship training undergone at EGEN TECHNOLOGIES Bangalore. The subject
mainly concentrates about Internet of Things, in which the works are carried out in a systematic way while
projects including IoT hardware components are done in EGEN TECHNOLOGIES. Information
technology and services are dealt with all vital factors needed.
The complete description of the production process is explained in the report of the various products with
the production line including the testing. The report also discusses about the history and overview of the
company.
Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page vii

SL.NO CONTENTS PG.NO
1 Egen Technologies Overview 1

1.1 Requirement Analysis 1
2 Internet of Things Overview 2
2.1 Internet of Things 2
2.2 Architecture of IoT 3
2.3 Technology Behind IoT 4
2.4 Sources of IoT 5
2.5 IoT Applications 7
Internet Connectivity 8
3.1 Internet Protocols 8
3.2 Cloud Computing Paradigm 9
3.3 Data Acquiring and Storage 10
3.3.1 Data Generation 10
3.3.2 Data Acquisition 10
3.3.3 Data Store 11
4 IoT Hardware Components 12
4.1 Arduino 12
4.2 8266 Microcontroller 13
4.3 Raspberry Pi 14
4.3.1 Generations 15
Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page viii

5 Project 16
5.1 Detecting Obstacles and Warning Circuit 16
5.2 Program 17
5.3 Components Required 19
6 Conclusion 20
7 References 21
Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page ix

CHAPTER 1
EGEN TECHNOLOGIES OVERVIEW

Egentech specializes in the fields of custom software products, human resource consulting and embedded
solutions. Based out of Bangalore India, we have clients around the world.
Egentech keeps pace with the latest technologies & trends in the industry to help clients adapt and embrace
the changing world of technology. We serve businesses through consulting, operational leadership, and by
helping them find breakthrough solutions, including those in mobile, web based softwares which can be
integrated with servers and cloud.
Our approach is to simplify businesses with technology – We design & develop customizable softwares and
mobile apps which are user friendly. All our services & products are developed by understanding our client
requirements seriously.
1.1Requirement Analysis
Requirements analysis involves frequent communication with the client to determine specific feature
expectations, resolution of conflict or ambiguity in requirements as demanded by the client, documentation
of all aspects of the project development process from start to finish.
Project Designing
Project designing involves complete project planning and UI/UX designs creation to make sure that there is
no ambiguity in requirements and designs.
Development
In development phase developer creates the actual product with given functionalities described in
documentation and designs agreed by the client.
Testing and Deployment

Testing involves complete QA testing of software in all aspects with complete QA assurance we start the
project deployment.
Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page1

CHAPTER 2
INTERNET OF THINGS OVERVIEW
2.1 INTERNET OF THINGS:

Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept which enables communication between internetworking devices and
applications, whereby physical objects or ‘things' communicate through the Internet.
IOT Definition:
Internet of Things means a network of physical things (objects) sending, receiving, or communicating
information using the Internet or other communication technologies and network just as the computers, tablets
and mobiles do, and thus enabling the monitoring, coordinating or controlling process across the Internet or
another data network.
IOT Conceptual Framework:
The following equation describes a simple conceptual framework of IoT:
PHYSICAL OBJECT + CONTROLLER, SENSOR AND ACTUATORS + INTERNET = INTERNET

OF THINGS
Equation conceptually describes the Internet of umbrellas as consisting of an umbrella, a controller, sensor
and actuators, and the Internet for connectivity to a web service and a mobile service provider.
Another equation which conceptualises the general framework for IoT :
GATHER + CONSOLIDATE + CONNECT + COLLECT + ASSEMBLE + MANAGE AND

ANALYSE = INTERNET OF THINGS

2.2 Architecture of IoT:
Architecture has the following features:
The architecture serves as a reference in applications of IoT in services and business processes.
A set of sensors which are smart, capture the data, perform necessary data element analysis and
transformation as per device application framework and connect directly to a communication manager.
A set of sensor circuits is connected to a gateway possessing separate data capturing, gathering, computing
and communication capabilities. The gateway receives the data in one form at one end and sends it in another
form to the other end.

The communication-management subsystem consists of protocol handlers, message routers and message
cache.
This management subsystem has functionalities for device identity database, device identity management and
access management.
Data routes from the gateway through the Internet and data centre to the application server or enterprise server
which acquires that data.
Organisation and analysis subsystems enable the services, business processes, enterprise integration and
complex processes.
2.3 TECHNOLOGY BEHIND IoT:
 The following entities provide a diverse technology environment and are examples of technologies,
which are involved in IoT.
 Hardware (Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Intel Galileo, Intel Edison, ARM embed, Bosch
XDK110, Beagle Bone Black and Wireless SoC)
 Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for developing device software, firmware and APIs
 Protocols [RPL, CoAP, Restful HTTP, MQTT, XMPP(Extensible Messaging and Presence
Protocol)]
 Communication (Power line Ethernet, RFID, NFC, 6LowPAN, UWB, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
WiMax, 2G/3G/4G)
 Network backbone (IPv4, IPv6, UDP and 6LowPAN)
 Software (RIoT OS, Contiki OS, Thing square Mist firmware, Eclipse IoT)
 Internetwork Cloud Platforms/Data Centre (Sense, ThingWorx, Nimbits, Xively, openHAB, AWS
IoT, IBM Blue Mix, CISCO IoT, IOx and Fog, Everything, Azure, TCS CUP)

 Machine learning algorithms and software. An example of machine-learning software is GROK

from Numenta Inc. that uses machine intelligence to analyze the streaming data from clouds and
uncover anomalies.
2.4 Sources of IoT:
Examples of hardware sources for IoT prototype development are Arduino Yún, Microduino, Beagle Board
and RasWIK.
Hardware prototype needs an IDE for developing device software, firmware and APIs.
Popular IoT Development Boards:
 Arduino Yún :
 Arduino Yún board uses microcontroller ATmega32u4 that supports Arduino and includes Wi-Fi,
Ethernet, USB port, micro-SD card slot and three reset buttons.
 The board also combines with Atheros AR9331 that runs Linux.
 Microduino
 Microduino is a small board compatible with Arduino that can be stacked with the other boards.
 All the hardware designs are open source.
 Intel Galileo
 Intel Galileo is a line of Arduino-certified development boards.
 Galileo is based on Intel x86 architecture
 It is open-source hardware that features the Intel SOC X1000 Quark based Soc.
 Galileo is pin-compatible with Arduino.

 Intel Edison
 Intel Edison is a compute module.
 It enables creation of prototypes and fast development of prototyping projects and rapidly produces
IoT and wearable computing devices
 Beagle Board
 Beagle Bone based board has very low power requirement.
 It is a card-like computer which can run Android and Linux.
 Both the hardware designs and the software for the IoT devices are open source.
 Raspberry Pi Wireless Inventors Kit (RasWIK)
 RasWIK enables Raspberry Pi Wi-Fi connected devices.
 It includes documentation for 29 different projects or you can come up with one of your own.
 There is a fee for the devices but all of the included code is open source, and you can use it to build
commercial products as well.

2.5 IoT Applications
An mBed community ecosystem enables the development of the secure and efficient IoT applications. A
platform includes an online web-browser based programming and development environments for IoT
devices. Ecosystem means detailed framework with combination of device and infrastructure components
for developing applications. A developer focuses on the applications using the framework. Community
ecosystem means developer community exchanging ideas, codes, raising questions, providing answers and
sharing new codes, hardware and applications. ARM complete mBed ecosystem for Internet of Things
provides a detailed set of tools to drive IoT11 It offers free OS for Cortex-M series processors, server-side
software to connect and manage devices, and a website to serve as a focus for the developer community.
IoT Device Platform is a self-contained framework. The development becomes easy due to combination of
device and infrastructure components. A developer focuses on the applications using the framework. mBed
applications use IBM IoT Foundation for Internet cloud data storages and IoT applications. The applications
are using "things" with lights, health monitoring or fitness devices, watches, sensors and actuators smartly
through Internet. The developments tools are open sources and are at a connected computer with Windows,
Arduino Linux distribution.

CHAPTER 3
INTERNET CONNECTIVITY
Internet connectivity is through a set of routers in a global network of routers which carry data packets as per
IP protocol from a source end to another and vice versa. A source sends data packets to a destination using
IETF standardized formats.
3.1 Internet Protocols:
Internet layer receives and forwards data to the next layer using IP version 4 (IPv4) or IP version 6 (IPv6)
protocol.
Internet Protocol Version 4:
IP header consists of five words. The header can extend when using option and padding words. Data stack to
the network layer has maximum v = (n + len) words where v <= (214 - n).
IP protocol transport is half duplex unacknowledged data flow from Internet layer at one end (End 1) to
internet layer of other end (End 2).
Internet Protocol Version 6:
Provisions a larger addressing space
Permits hierarchical address allocation, and thus route aggregation across the Internet, and limit the expansion
of routing tables
IP Addressing in the IoT
An IP header consists of source and destination addresses, called IP addresses. The Internet generally uses
IPv4 addresses. IoT/M2M use IPv6 addresses.

3.2 Cloud Computing Paradigm:
Cloud computing means a collection of services available over the Internet. Cloud delivers the computational
functionality. Cloud computing deploys infrastructure of a cloud-service provider. The infrastructure deploys
on a utility or grid computing or web-services environment that includes network, system, grid of computers
or servers or data centers.
Cloud Platform Services:
Cloud platform offers the following: Infrastructure for large data storage of devices, RFIDs, industrial plant
machines, automobiles and device networks Computing capabilities, such as analytics, IDE (Integrated
Development Environment) Collaborative computing and data store sharing.
Cloud Platform Usages
Cloud platform usages are for connecting devices, data, APIs, applications and services, persons, enterprises,
businesses and XAAS.
The following Equation describes a simple conceptual framework of the Internet Cloud: Internet Cloud +
Clients = User applications and services with 'no boundaries and no walls’.
Cloud Platform Services
Cloud platform offers the following:
Infrastructure for large data storage of devices, RFIDs, industrial plant machines, automobiles and device
networks
Collaborative computing and data store sharing.

3.3 DATA ACQUIRING AND STORAGE:

3.3.1 Data Generation:
Data generates at devices that later on, transfers to the Internet through a gateway
 Passive devices data: Data generate at the device or system, following the result of interactions. A
passive device does not have its own power source
 Active devices data: Data generates at the device or system or following the result of interactions. An
active device has its own power source.
 Event data: A device can generate data on an event only once. For example, on detection of the traffic
or on dark ambient conditions, which signals the event.
 Device real-time data: An ATM generates data and communicates it to the server instantaneously
through the Internet. This initiates and enables Online Transactions Processing (OLTP) in real time.
 Event-driven device data: A device data can generate on an event only once. Examples are: (i) a device
receive command from Controller or Monitor, and then performs action(s) using an actuator.
3.3.2 Data Acquisition:
 Data acquisition means acquiring data from IoT or M2M devices. The data communicates after the
interactions with a data acquisition system (application).
 The application interacts and communicates with a number of devices for acquiring the needed data.
The devices send data on demand or at programmed intervals.

3.3.3 Data Store:
A data store is a data repository of a set of objects which integrate into the store. Features of data store are:
Objects in a data-store are modeled using Classes which are defined by the database schemas.
A data store is a general concept. It includes data repositories such as database, relational database, flat file,
spreadsheet, mail server, web server, directory services and VMware A data store may be distributed over
multiple nodes. Apache Cassandra is an example of distributed data store.
A data store may consist of multiple schemas or may consist of data in only one scheme. Example of only one
scheme data store is a relational database.

CHAPTER 4
IOT HARDWARE COMPONENTS

4.1 ARDUINO
Arduino boards, modules and shields are popular AVR® MCU-based products. Each board has clear
markings on the connection pins, sockets and in-circuit connections. Thus, Arduino boards are easy to work
for DIY (do-it-yourself) and simplify the prototyping of embedded platforms for IoTs.
The IDEs are open source. Arduino boards are thus easy to program. For example, Arduino Uno board is a
robust as well as widely used board to get started with electronics and coding. Uno is most used and
documented board of the whole Arduino family at present.
The board's analog input pins and PWM pins can connect sensors, actuators and analog circuits. The board's
digital I/O pins can connect On Off states, set of On-Off states, digital inputs from sensors, digital outputs
to actuators and other digital circuits. Aboard with a shield inserted into it makes a wireless connection to a
ZigBee, Bluetooth LE, Wi-Fi, GSM, or RF module or a wired connection to Ethernet LAN for the Internet.
Development boards for IoT devices are the Arduino Ethernet, Arduino Wi-Fi and Arduino GSM shields.
Development boards for the wearable devices are Arduino Gemma, Lily Pad, Lily Pad Simple/Simple snap
and Lily Pad USB
 A board has pre-programmed boot loader in the MCU. Boot loader software program embeds onto the
AVR MCU chip. Boot loader can also be downloaded using USB connection to a computer or tablet.
Boot loader enables use of the AVR platform with the Arduino IDE. Boot loader enables the board
functions. The board needs no OS after boot loading by default. An OS can be embedded when
required, for example, when system needs to do multiple tasks or needs to run multiple threads or
processes. When a programmer develops the codes using an IDE, the codes are pushed into the MCU
using USB port of the board. The codes are pushed after developing-testing-debugging cycle (s). A
programmer develops the codes using the editor in an IDE. Then these are downloaded onto the board,
tested and debugged. This constitutes one cycle. Downloading is through a USB port interconnecting
the board and external computer or tablet with an IDE. The cycle needs to be repeated till the codes
are finalized for a prototype.

4.2 8266 MICROCONTROLLER
The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip, with a TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability, produced
by Espressif Systemsin Shanghai, China.
The ESP8285 is an ESP8266 with 1 MiB of built-in flash, allowing the building of single-chip devices
capable of connecting to Wi-Fi
.
The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give
any microcontroller access to your Wi-Fi network. The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application
or offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from another application processor.
 Processor: L106 32-bit RISC microprocessor core based on the Tensilica Xtensa Diamond Standard
106Micro running at 80 MHz
 Memory:
32 KiB instruction RAM
32 KiB instruction cache RAM
80 KiB user-data RAM
16 KiB ETS system-data RAM

 External QSPI flash: up to 16 Mib is supported (512 KiB to 4 MiB typically included)
Integrated TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier and matching network
WEP or WPA/WPA2 authentication, or open networks
16 GPIO pins
SPI
I²C (software implementation)
I²S interfaces with DMA (sharing pins with GPIO)
UART on dedicated pins, plus a transmit-only UART can be enabled on GPIO2
10-bit ADC (successive approximation ADC)
4.3 RASPBERRY PI
Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United Kingdom by the
Raspberry Pi Foundation in association with Broadcom.
 The Raspberry Pi hardware has evolved through several versions that feature variations in the type of
the central processing unit, amount of memory capacity, networking support, and peripheral-device
support.

4.3.1 GENERATIONS:
 The first generation (Raspberry Pi Model B) was released in February 2012, followed by the simpler
and cheaper Model A. In 2014, the Foundation released a board with an improved design, Raspberry
Pi Model B+. These first generation boards feature ARM11 processors, are approximately credit-card sized
and represent the standard mainline form-factor. Improved A+ and B+ models were released a year later.
A "Compute Module" was released in April 2014 for embedded applications.
 The Raspberry Pi 2 was released in February 2015 and initially featured a 900 MHz 32-bit quad-
core ARM Cortex-A7 processor with 1 GiB RAM. Later versions featured a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-
core ARM Cortex-A53 processor.
 A Raspberry Pi Zero with smaller size and reduced input/output (I/O) and general-purpose
input/output (GPIO) capabilities was released in November 2015 for US$5. On 28 February 2017,
the Raspberry Pi Zero W was launched, a version of the Zero with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, for
US$10.[26][27] On 12 January 2018, the Raspberry Pi Zero WH was launched, a version of the Zero W with
pre-soldered GPIO headers
.
 Raspberry Pi 3 Model B was released in February 2016 with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad core ARM
Cortex-A53 processor, on-board 802.11n Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and USB boot capabilities.[29] On Pi Day 2018,
the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ was launched with a faster 1.4 GHz processor and a three-times faster gigabit
Ethernet (throughput limited to ca. 300 Mbit/s by the internal USB 2.0 connection) .

CHAPTER 5
PROJECT
5.1 Detecting obstacles and warning Circuit:
This code should work to get warning cross the buzzer when something is closer than 0.5 meter.
Circuit is ultrasonic sensor and buzzer +5v and Arduino uno is used.

5.2 PROGRAM
*/
// Define pins for ultrasonic and buzzer
int const trigPin = 10;
int const echoPin = 9;
int const buzzPin = 2;
void setup()
{
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // trig pin will have pulses output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // echo pin should be input to get pulse width
pinMode(buzzPin, OUTPUT); // buzz pin is output to control buzzering
}
void loop()
{
// Duration will be the input pulse width and distance will be the distance to the
obstacle in centimeters
int duration, distance;
// Output pulse with 1ms width on trigPin
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delay(1);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

// Measure the pulse input in echo pin

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
// Distance is half the duration divided by 29.1 (from datasheet)
distance = (duration/2) / 29.1;
// if distance less than 0.5 meter and more than 0 (0 or less means over range)
if (distance <= 50 && distance >= 0) {
// Buzz
digitalWrite(buzzPin, HIGH);
} else {
// Don't buzz
digitalWrite(buzzPin, LOW);
}
// Waiting 60 ms won't hurt any one
delay(60);
}

5.3 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. Test Board Arduino uno board
2. Ultrasonic sensor
3. Arduino cable
4. +5V buzzer
5. Male to male pins
6. Arduino uno board
Ultrasonic sensor Arduino cable
+5V buzzer Test Board
Result: The buzzer alarms when an obstacle is at distance of 0.5 meters and less.

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
Overall, internship is a really good program and recommended to my fellow friends. It helps to enhance and
develop many skills, abilities and knowledge. It was a good experience and memories as not only I have
gained experience, but also knowledge. EGEN TECHNOLOGIES is also a good place to do the internship
since it provides numerous benefits and advantages to the trainees. I learnt about various machines and
technologies used in the industry. I was also exposed to various manufacturing and testing processes. Apart
from technical knowledge I gained various information about non technical departments like financial
department, marketing department, Human resource department, security department. I also gained ethical
and moral values during my internship period. I have learned the importance of time-management skills and
self motivation. The internship was also good to find out our strengths and weaknesses. At last this
internship has given me new insights and motivation to pursue a career in core electronic departments.

CHAPTER 7
REFERENCES
 http://www.egentech.in/
 https://www.egen-technology.com/
 https://ca.linkedin.com/company/egen-technologies-inc

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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018, Karnataka, India

“THE INTERNET OF THINGS”

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

8th Semester, ECE

Under the guidance of

Ms. Tina Elizabeth Thomas

Asst. Professor, Dept of ECE

T.JOHN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

#86/1, Gottigere, Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore-560083

______________ ______________ ______________

Signature of the Examiner’s

Name Signature with date

Elizabeth Thomas, TJIT, Bangalore.

award of degree by me to any institution.

my efforts with success.

convey my gratitude to my internal guide, Ms. Tina Elizabeth Thomas.

provided by your factory in a cordial atmosphere.

Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page vii

SL.NO CONTENTS PG.NO

1 Egen Technologies Overview 1

Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page viii

Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page ix

EGEN TECHNOLOGIES OVERVIEW

Testing and Deployment

Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page1

INTERNET OF THINGS OVERVIEW

2.1 INTERNET OF THINGS:

IOT Conceptual Framework:

The following equation describes a simple conceptual framework of IoT:

PHYSICAL OBJECT + CONTROLLER, SENSOR AND ACTUATORS + INTERNET = INTERNET

GATHER + CONSOLIDATE + CONNECT + COLLECT + ASSEMBLE + MANAGE AND

Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page2

2.2 Architecture of IoT:

Architecture has the following features:

Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page3

2.3 TECHNOLOGY BEHIND IoT:

XDK110, Beagle Bone Black and Wireless SoC)

 Network backbone (IPv4, IPv6, UDP and 6LowPAN)

Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page4

 Machine learning algorithms and software. An example of machine-learning software is GROK

2.4 Sources of IoT:

Popular IoT Development Boards:

 All the hardware designs are open source.

 Intel Galileo is a line of Arduino-certified development boards.

 Galileo is based on Intel x86 architecture

 Galileo is pin-compatible with Arduino.

Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page5

 Intel Edison is a compute module.

 Beagle Bone based board has very low power requirement.

 It is a card-like computer which can run Android and Linux.

 Raspberry Pi Wireless Inventors Kit (RasWIK)

 RasWIK enables Raspberry Pi Wi-Fi connected devices.

Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page6

2.5 IoT Applications

Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page7

3.1 Internet Protocols:

Internet Protocol Version 4:

Internet Protocol Version 6:

Provisions a larger addressing space

IP Addressing in the IoT

Dept. of ECE, TJIT 2020-2021 page8

3.2 Cloud Computing Paradigm:

__