Dr .

AMBEDKAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi ,
Accredited by NAAC, UGC with ‘A’ Grade)
Near Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore – 560056

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

(Accredited by NBA)

Report On

“INTERNSHIP”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

JAHNAVI M S - 1DA18TE013

SEMESTER: VII
Submitted for the Academic year 2021-22
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Dr. Prashanth C.R
PROFESSOR, DEPT. OF TCE
DR.AIT, BENGALURU-56

Visvesvaraya Technological University

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi, Karnataka 590018

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Dr. AMBEDKAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the AICTE activity carried out by Jahnavi M S (1DA18TE013)

bonafide students of Dr . Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore, in
partial fulfillment for the award of Degree in BACHELOR OF
ENGINEERING in TELECOMMUNICATION of Visvesvaraya
Technological University during the year 2021-22. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated during Internal Assessment have been
incorporated in the Report deposited in the department. The AICTE Activity
report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of
AICTE activity work prescribed for the said Degree.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

Dr. Prashanth C.R Dr. Yamuna Devi C. R. Dr. M. MEENAKSHI

Professor Asso. Professor and HOD Principal,

Dept. of ET Dept. of ET Dr. A.I.T

Dr. A.I.T Dr. A.I.T

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

1.

2.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Any achievement, be it scholastic or otherwise does not depend solely on the individual efforts
but on the guidance, encouragement and cooperation of intellectuals, elders and friends. A
number of personalities, in their own capacities have helped me in carrying this internship. I
would take this opportunity to thank them all.

First of all, I would like to thank Gustovalley Technovations and for their moral support and
opportunity for the internship.

I would like to thank Dr. M. Meenakshi, Principal, Dr. AIT, Bangalore, for her moral
support towards completing my internship.

I would like to thank Dr. Yamuna Devi C R, Associate Professor and Head of the
Department, Department of TCE, Dr. AIT, Bangalore, for her valuable suggestions,
regular source of encouragement, and expert advice along with her assistance throughout this
internship.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my guide Dr. Prashanth C.R, Professor,
Department of TCE, Dr. AIT, Bangalore, for guiding and correcting various documents
with attention and care. He has given us a lot advice and insight which helped complete my
internship.

We also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to teaching and non-teaching
staff of Department of TCE, Dr. AIT, Bangalore, for their support and valuable information,
which helped us in completing this task through various stages.

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INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE

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 INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………6

2. WEEK 1……………………………………………………7

3. WEEK 2…………………………………………………...11

4. WEEK 3…………………………………………………..14

5. WEEK 4…………………………………………………...15

6. ASSIGNMENTS………………………………………….16

7. CONCLUSION…………………………………………....17

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 1. INTRODUCTION

This internship is based on Embedded systems and Internet of things conducted

by Gustovalley Technovations, Bangalore via Online mode from September 9th
2021 to 9th October 2021 for a period of 4 weeks.
Gustovalley Tech novations is automation-based compa ny working
towards the goal of Digital transformation. Gusto Learn is the initiative of
Gustovalley technovations which focuses on offering Industry training to
the students. The Students will good ex posed to the latest
technologies and will have the o p p o r t u n i t y to work on
S o l u t i o n s f o r t h e R e a l t i m e p r o bl em s .

T h e co u rs e is d e si g ne d i n su c h a wa y t h at e ac h students will get

complete hands on experience and will have deeper understanding of
concepts by working on projects and assignments to solve real-time problems.
Gustovalley Tech novations provides high-performance ARM, DSP, FPGA
processor boards and I/O modules in support of high performance, parallel
processing applications in a variety of fields including Multimedia, Imaging,
Networking, Industrial control and Military. They offer rapid, reliable software,
firmware and hardware solutions for prototyping, business applications and the
development environment.

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 2. WEEK -1

Embedded System and IOT :

Week 1 was from 9th September to 15th September, week 1 was about covering
the basics of Embedded Systems and IOT. This part was easy to understand and
grasp as the same was covered in the subject Microcontrollers and Embedded
System. I learnt in depth the working of the Node MCU 12e- ESP8266, ESP8266
Architecture and pin out diagram. I also learnt about Arduino UNO Architecture,
boards and pin out diagram. I learnt how to code using various components and
simulate in the Tinker CAD software.

Embedded systems are part and parcel of every modern electronic component.
These are low power consumption units that are used to run specific tasks for
example remote controls, washing machines, microwave ovens, RFID tags ,
sensors, actuators and thermostats used in various applications, networking
hardware such as switches etc.

Fig 1: ESP8266 Architecture

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 ARDUINO UNO –

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14

digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it
with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

TINKERCAD -

Fig 2: Tinker CAD Software

Tinkercad is a free, easy-to-use web app that equips the next generation of
designers and engineers with the foundational skills for innovation: 3D design,
electronics, and coding.

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Internet Of Things (IOT) :

In IOT they given brief introduction about OSI Layers, IP Address, TCP/IP and
HTTP Protocol, and connecting ESP8266 to Internet.
The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual
model that characterises and standardises the communication functions of
a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying
internal structure and technology. Its goal is the interoperability of diverse
communication systems with standard communication protocols.
The model partitions the flow of data in a communication system into
seven abstraction layers.
ESP8266 is Wi-Fi enabled system on chip (SoC) module developed by
Espressif system. It is mostly used for the development of the Internet of Things
(IoT) embedded applications.The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip with
full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability Espressif Systems.

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 Fig 3: ESP8266 pin out diagram

TCP/IP -
Transmission Control Protocol is a standard that defines how to establish and
maintain a network connection.
It works with the Internet Protocol, which defines how computers send packets
of data to each other.
HTTP –
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is the foundation of data communication for the
world wide web.

server

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 3. WEEK - 2

Web development and Data Server :

Week 2 was from 16th September to 22th September. Week 2 was about various
protocols that are used in microcontrollers. The main protocols that I was taught
were I2C protocol and SPI protocol. I also learnt the working of HTTP Protocol,
HTTPS and URI, URL,URN. It was taught using block diagram and then I was
learnt about Web Application in that HTML and CSS (Cascading StyleSheets)
also discussed in detail.

HTTP is Hypertext Transfer Protocol. HTTP offers set of rules and standards
which govern how any information can be transmitted on the World Wide Web.
HTTP provides standard rules for web browsers & servers to communicate.

HTTPS stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure. It is highly advanced
and secure version of HTTP. It uses the port no. 443 for Data Communication.
It allows the secure transactions by encrypting the entire communication with
SSL. It is a combination of SSL/TLS protocol and HTTP. It provides encrypted
and secure identification of a network server.

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Web Application :

HTML - Hypertext Markup Language deals with the creation of the webpage ex:
paragraphs, headings, images etc.

CSS - Cascading Style sheet deals with the design of the webpage ex: font styles,
font color, backgrounds etc.

Javascript - deals with the interactive objects in the webpage. It is similar to

Visual Basic when it comes to the appearance and similar to java programming
language when it comes to coding.

PHP - Hypertext Preprocessor is the heart of the webpage where it deals with the
server and commands being sent from the webpage to the server, and vice versa.

MySQL - My Structured Query Language deals with the database and finding
previously stored data or storing new data.

HTML and CSS take care of the overall design and structure of a webpage / site,
and JavaScript adds some user interactive dynamics and contains a wide range of
functions that are dynamically declared at run-time. Whereas PHP stands behind
the logic of a website server-side program / function which in turn connects / links
to an database connection driver (MySQL in our case) to store / manipulate / edit
data.

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STATIC AND DYNAMIC WEBSITES –

• A static website is made up of webpages created using HTML, CSS and

Javascript. Each page on a static website is stored as a single HTML file ,
which is delivered directly from the server to the webpage exactly as is.
This content essentially becomes a part of the design on your page, and
won’t change unless the original HTML file is edited at a code level.
• Built using server side language and technology, dynamic websites allow
for the content of each page to be delivered and displayed dynamically, or
on-the-fly, according to user behavior or from user-generated content.

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 4. WEEK -3

Week 3 was from 23rd September to 30th September. Week 3 was about Computer
Vision using Open CV. In that I was taught Image Processing, Image Filtering,
Object detection. I was taught how to handle images by applying some basic
operations like reading, writing and displaying the images, color conversion,
image resizing, image rotation, Thresholding, applying blur, morphological
operations. In object detection I was able to detect object corners, contours, shape
detection, drawing functions etc.
In OpenCV, CV stands for Computer Vision which is a discipline of developing
algorithms and models for providing visual enhancements through image/video
processing.
OpenCV is a computer vision library written in python/C++ contains all kind of
image
processing techniques and can implement other external algorithms.

Fig 4 : Face Detection

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BASIC OPERATIONS USED IN COMPUTER
VISION

1. Color Space: It is a way to represent color channels in the image. Basically

three types of color spaces are there: 1. RGB/BGR 2. HSV 3. CMYK.
2. Hue: A hue is, to what degree, a color is different from Green, Blue or
Red.
3. Saturation: Image is saturated, if no white light is present in the color of
the image.
4. Aspect Ratio: Aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of width to height of an
object in an image.
5. Contrast: A contrast is the difference between lightest and darkest region
of the image.
6. Edge: Edges are boundaries of objects present in an image.
7. Tone: Tone describes lightness or darkness of the image.
8. Morphological Operation: In image processing morphological operation
deals with changes in structure of the object present in the image.
9. Noise: In image processing, noise means any undesirable change in pixel
value(pixel density)
10. Pixel: The smallest square unit of an image that gives visual information
of that part.
11. Sharpening: Sharpening is an enhancement technique that focus on details
of the image like edge highlight.

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IMAGE PREPROCESSING –

Image pre-processing is an integral part of computer vision for analyzing the

image for almost every application. Usually, Image pre-processing steps are very
specific to the use case or application type like objection detection, object
segmentation, text extraction, facial recognition, etc.

IMAGE FILTERING –

Image filtering is changing the appearance of an image by altering the colors of

the pixels. Increasing the contrast as well as adding a variety of special effects to
images are some of the results of applying filters.

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HUMAN DETECTION –
Human Detection is a branch of Object Detection. Object Detection is the task of
identifying the presence of predefined types of objects in an image. This task
involves both identification of the presence of the objects and identification of the
rectangular boundary surrounding each object .

OBJECT DETECTION -
Object detection is a computer technology related to computer vision and image
processing that deals with detecting instances of semantic objects of a certain
class (such as humans, buildings, or cars) in digital images and videos. Well-
researched domains of object detection include face detection and pedestrian
detection. Object detection has applications in many areas of computer vision,
including image retrieval and video surveillance.

Fig 5 : Object Detection

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 5. WEEK - 4

Week 4 was from 2nd October to 9th October. Week 4 was about Augmented
Reality(AR) and its applications.

Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive experience of a real-world

environment where the objects that reside in the real world are enhanced by
computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple
sensory modalities,
including visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory and olfactory. AR can be
defined as a system that incorporates three basic features: a combination of real
and virtual worlds, real-time interaction, and accurate 3D registration of virtual
and real objects.

I was given assignment to complete after this.

Fig 6: Augmented Reality

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 6. ASSIGNMENTS

I was given assignment based on the topics done by the Trainers. I was able to
simulate the given in a simulator provided by Gustovalley Technovations called
Thinker CAD software but was not able to perform it physically due to lack of
equipment at the time.

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 8. CONCLUSION

This was my experience of the whole internship. I’d like to thank VTU and
DR.AIT for giving us such a great opportunity. It was a truly magnificent
experience. I’d also like to extend my gratitude again to the principal , our HOD
Yamuna ma’am, my mentor Dr. Mahesan K V sir for their continued support and
guidance throughout the span of this internship. I learned a lot about the
workings of an Embedded Systems and IOT how it can be performed. I hope that
this knowledge will benefit me in my career.

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