Sample problem 1

a) Compute the level of vibration felt by the pilot:

Given:
1 kg
Mass = m = 1000N × = 101.9368 kg
9.81 N

Static deflection = δst = 10mm = 0.01m

Frequency = ωn = 4Hz

Amplitude of base displacement = Y = 0.2mm

For the stiffness:
W 1000 N
Stiffness (K) = = = 105 N/m
δ st 0.01 m
For the Natural frequency:

K 10 5 N /m
ω
Natural frequency (ωo) = (fn) = 2 π = √ √
m =
2π
101.9368 kg
2π
N 1
31.3209 × 2
ωo = m kg = 4.9849 kg−m/ s × 1
m kg
2π
cycle
ωo = 4.9849 sec or Hz

For the frequency ratio (r):

ω o 4.9849 Hz
r= = = 1.2462
ωn 4 Hz

For the Amplitude (X) felt by the pilot:

Y 0.2 mm
X=± 2 = = 0.36165 mm
1−r 1−¿ ¿

For the Amplitude of Velocity (Vmax):

 cycle
Vmax = ωX = 2πfX = 2π ×(4 )(0.36165 mm)
s
Vmax = 9.089 mm/sec
For the Amplitude of Acceleration (amax):
amax = ω 2 X = ¿X = ¿ × (0.3616 mm)

amax = 228.406 mm/ s2 or 0.2284 m/ s2

At 4 Hz, the amplitude of motion of 0.3616 mm may not cause much

discomfort. However, the velocity (9.089 mm/sec) and acceleration (0.2284
m/ s2) levels at 4 Hz are not acceptable for a comfortable ride.

b) Redesigning the seat to reduce the effect of vibration :

Try to bring amax down to 0.01 m/s2 from 0.2284 m/ s2

a max
amax = ¿X; X =
¿¿
2
X = 0.01 m/ s = 1.58314 ×10−5 m or 0.01583 mm
¿¿
get the frequency ratio (r):
Y Y
2 ; r = ± +1
2
X=±
1−r X

0.2mm
r=
√ 0.01583mm
+1 = 3.6924

To give the new frequency of the seat:

cycle
ω ω 2 πf 2π ×4
r= ; ωn = = = sec
ωn r 3.6924
3.6924

ωn = 6.8066 rad/sec

Compute for the new Stiffness (K):

 K
ωn =
√ m
; K = ω n2 × m

K = ¿ × 101.9368 kg = 4772.71 N/m

This implies that the stiffness of the seat needs to be reduced from 105
N/m to 4772.71 N/m to be acceptable for a comfortable ride.
Sample problem 2 (whirling rotating shaft)
Given:
Mass = m = 50 kg Stiffness = K = 40 MN/m or 40 6 N/m

Eccentricity (e) = a = 2 mm Damping ratio = ζ = 0.1

N = 1200 rpm

Solution:
a) Compute for the steady-state whirl amplitude:

Forcing frequency of the rotor (rotational speed of shaft)

2 πN 2 π ×12000 rpm
ω= = = 1256.637 rad/sec
60 60

Natural frequency

K 406 N /m = 894.427 rad/sec

ωn =
√ √
m
=
50 kg

Frequency ratio (r)

ω 1256.637 rad /sec

r= = = 1.40496
ωn 894.427 rad /sec

Now, for the steady-state whirl amplitude

a r2 (0.002m)(1.40496)2
A= =
√(1−r 2 )2+(2 ζ r )2 √(1−1.404962 )2+(2 ×0.1 ×1.40496)2
 A = 0.003895 m or 3.895 mm

b) During start-up condition, the ω passes through ω n. Using r=1, we obtain the
whirl amplitude:

a 0.002m
A r=1 = = = 0.01m or 10mm
2ζ 2 ×0.1

Vibration Isolation
2
FT = √ (kX)2 +(c ω X )2 = kX 1+( 2 ζ ω )
ωn √
Disturbing force (Fo) is equal to Fo sinωt , so the amplitude (X) will be
Fo
k
X= 2

√[ 1−(
ω 2
ωn
) +(
2ζ ω 2
]ωn
)

Transmissibility (TR), is the ratio of transmitted force (FT) to the

disturbing force (Fo);

2ζ ω 2

√
1+( )
X FT ωn
||| |
TR = Y ¿ F o =
ω 2
2
2ζ ω 2
[ 1−(
ωn ]
) +(
ωn
)

When damping is negligible, transmissibility reduces to:

 1
TR = ( ω )2 −1
ωn

This equation can be also expressed as,

1
TR = (2 πf )2 × δ st −1
g

Where, δst = Statical deflection

g = Acceleration of gravity

Sample 3

Given:
Mass (m) = 100 kg
Stiffness (k) = 700 KN/m
Disturbing force (Fo) = 350 N
Speed (N) = ω = 3000 rpm

Damping ratio (ζ) = 0.20

Solution:
First, compute for the statical deflection of system

9.81 N
mg (100 kg)( )
δst = k = 3
1 kg
= 0.001401m or 1.4014mm
700 ×10 N /m
Natural frequency

700 ×103 N /m
1
ωn = fn = 2 π × √ √
k
m
= 100 kg
2π
cycle
= 13.32 s or Hz

a) Compute for the amplitude of motion (X)

Fo 350 N
k 700× 103 N / m
X= 2 = 2

√[
2
ω 2 2ζ ω 2
1−(
ωn
) +( ]
ωn
)
√[ 1−(
3000 ÷ 60 2
13.32
) +(
2(0.20)(3000 ÷ 60)
] 13.32
)

X = 0.000037945 m or 0.0379 mm

b) For the transmissibility (TR)

2
2ζ ω 2 2( 0.20)(50)

√ √ [ ]
1+( ) 1+
X FT ωn 13.32 Hz
||| |
TR = Y ¿ F o =
ω 2 2
2ζ ω 2
=
2 2 2

[ 1−(
ωn ]
) +(
ωn
)
[ 1−(
50
13.32 Hz
) +
2(0.20)(50)
][13.32 Hz ]
TR = 0.1369

c) Solve for the transmitted force

FTR = Fo × TR = 350 N × 0.1369

FTR = 47.9 N

Sample 4

Given:
ω = 1000 rpm
Unbalanced force = 10%
n = 4 springs
m = 40 kg

Sample problem 5:

2−R
N = 29.9092
√ δ st (1−R)

Given:
mass (m) = 1 kg
ω = 3 Hz
R = 0.80

Solution:
Using
N= 3Hz x 60=180 cpm
and R=0.8

2−0.80
180 cpm=29.9092
√ δ st ( 1−0.08 )

δ st = 0.16565 m
Compute for the stiffness (K)
mg
δst = k
9.81 N
(1 kg)( )
0.16565 m = 1 kg
k

K = 59.22 N/m = the stiffness of the rubber mount.

ae i ω t
α