CBLM 2 Perform Computer Operation

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector:
ELECTRONICS SECTOR
Qualification:
ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS ASSEMBLY & SERVICING NC II
Unit of Competency:
PERFORM COMPUTER OPERATIONS
Module Title:
PERFORMING COMPUTER OPERATIONS
ACES TAGUM COLLEGE
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MODULE
Welcome to the module “Performing Computer Operations”. This

module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Perform Computer Operations” contains the

knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Electronic Product Assembly
and Servicing course required to obtain the National Certificate (NC) level
II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

complete each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning
outcome there are Information Sheets, Job Sheets, Operation Sheets
and Activity Sheets. Do these activities on your own and answer the Self-
Check at the end of each learning activity.
Perform Date Developed:

Aces Tagum College, Inc.
Computer August 2019
Operations Developed by; Issued by:
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If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some basic knowledge and skills covered in this
module. If you can demonstrate competence to your teacher in a particular
skill, talk to him/her so you do not have to undergo the same training
again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous
trainings, show it to him/her. If the skills you acquired are consistent with
and relevant to this module, they become part of the evidence. You can
present these for RPL. If you are not sure about your competence skills,
discuss this with your teacher.
After completing this module, ask your teacher to assess your

competence. Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency
profile. All the learning activities are designed for you to complete at your
own pace.
In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and
relevant information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning
outcome may have more than one learning activity.
This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency in

receiving and relaying information. This will be the source of information
that will enable you to acquire the knowledge and skills in Electronic
Product Assembly and Servicing NC II independently at your own pace
with minimum supervision from your teacher.
LIST OF COMPETENCIES

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No Unit of competency Module title Code
1. Apply quality standards Applying quality standards ELC315202
Perform computer Performing computer ELC31120
2.
operations operations 3
Perform mensuration Performing mensuration
3. ELC311201
and calculation and calculation
Prepare and interpret Preparing and interpret
4. ELC311202
technical drawing technical drawing
5. Use hand tools Using hand tools ELC724201
Terminate and connect Terminating and connect
6 electrical wiring and electrical wiring and ELC724202
electronic circuits electronic circuits
Test electronic Testing electronic
7 ELC724205
components components
MODULE CONTENT
QUALIFICATION :COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II

UNIT OF COMPETENCY :Perform computer operations
MODULE TITLE :Performing computer operations
NOMINAL DURATION :8 hours
MODULE DESCRIPTOR :This module covers the knowledge, skills,
attitudes and values needed to perform computer
operations which include inputting, accessing,
producing, and transferring data using the
appropriate hardware and software.
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:

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LO1. Plan and prepare for tasks to be taken/ undertaken
LO2. Input data into computer
LO3. Access information using computer
LO4. Produce output/data using computer system
LO5. Use basic functions of a web browser to locate information
LO6. Maintain computer equipment and systems
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
1. Requirements of tasks determined in accordance with the required

output
2. Appropriate hardware and software selected according to task
assigned and required outcome
3. Task planned to ensure that OH and S guidelines and procedures
followed
4. Client-specific guidelines and procedures followed
5. Required data security guidelines applied in accordance with existing
procedures
6. Data entered into the computer using appropriate
program/application in accordance with company procedure
7. Accuracy of information checked and information saved in
accordance with standard operating procedures

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8. Inputted data stored in storage media according to requirements
9. Work performed within ergonomic guidelines
10.Correct program/application selected based on job requirements
11.Program/Application containing the information required accessed
according to company procedures
12.Desktop icons correctly selected, opened and closed for navigation
purposes
13.Keyboard techniques carried out in line with OHS requirements for
safe use of keyboards
14.Entered data processed using appropriate software commands
15.Data printed as required using computer hardware/peripheral
devices in accordance with standard operating procedures
16.Files and data transferred between compatible systems using
computer software, hardware/peripheral devices in accordance with
standard operating procedures
17.Information requirements for Internet search established
18.Browser launched
19.Search engine loaded
20.Appropriate search criteria and/or URL of site entered
21.Relevant links followed to locate required information
22.Useful pages bookmarked or printed as required
23.Procedures for ensuring security of data, including regular back-ups
and virus checks implemented in accordance with standard operating
procedure
24.Basic file maintenance procedures implemented in line with standard
operating procedures
Technical Terms
OHS – Occupational Health and Safety
Port hub /Port – is a connector on the back of a computer or other device.
A port is either a serial port or a parallel port.
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Modem- (Modulator-Demodulator) The modem is a device that allows a
given computer to share data or otherwise a device which let
computers exchange information
USB– (Universal Serial Port)
Scanner- is an input device that read text or illustration printed on paper,
translates the information into a form that a computer can use.
Printer- is a piece of hardware that produces a paper copy (also known as
‘hardcopy’) of the information generated by the computer.
Flash drive– a portable storage device which is plug directly to the USB
port.
Network – a group of computers and associated devices that are connected
by communications facilities.
OS (Operating system) software that controls the allocation and use of
programs and data that a computer uses.
Software – programs and data that a computer uses.
Maintenance - is the testing and cleaning of equipment thinking about the
activities required to create a desired future on some scale
Planning – is both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a
plan; and the psychological process of
Computer System - The complete computer made up of the CPU, memory
and related electronics (main cabinet), all the peripheral devices
connected to it and its operating system. Computer systems fall
into two broad divisions: clients and servers. Client machines fall
into three categories from low to high end: laptop, desktop and
workstation. Servers range from small to large: low-end servers,
midrange servers and mainframes.
Defragmentation – the process of reorganizing and rewriting files so that
they occupy one large continuous area on your hard disk.
CRT– (Cathode Ray Tube) A display device used in computer monitors and
television sets.
Boot sector– The part of the formatted disk containing the operating system
loading a program.
Virus – A program intended to damage your computer system without your
knowledge and permission.
LEARNING OUTCOME 1
PLAN AND PREPARE FOR TASKS TO BE TAKEN/ UNDERTAKEN
CONTENTS:

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 Reading and comprehension skills required to interpret work
instructions and to interpret basic user manuals
 OH and S principles and responsibilities
 Main types of computers and basic features of different operating
systems
 Main parts of a computer
 Storage devices and basic categories of memory
 Relevant types of software
 General security, privacy legislation and copyright
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Requirements of tasks determined in accordance with the required
output
2. Appropriate hardware and software selected according to task
assigned and required outcome
3. Task planned to ensure that OH and S guidelines and procedures
followed
4. Client-specific guidelines and procedures followed
5. Required data security guidelines applied in accordance with existing
procedures
CONDITIONS:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Equipment:
1 unit of computer
Voltage regulator / UPS
 Learning materials:
Learning manuals
Work Instruction
Hand-outs
 Supplies/ materials:
Operating system
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Application program
METHODOLOGIES:
 Lecture-demonstration
 Self-paced instruction
 Group discussion
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Hands-on
 Direct observation
 Practical demonstration
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
LEARNING OUTCOME 1: Plan And Prepare For Tasks To Be Taken/

Undertaken
Read information sheet 2.1_1 assess After reading the information sheet,
quality of received materials you must be able to answer self-
check 1.1_1 and compare your
answer to the answer sheet
Read information sheet 2.1_2 Oh & Perform Task sheet 2.1_2, and refer
S And Responsibilities In Working your performance to the
With Computers performance criteria checklist

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INFORMATION SHEET 2.1_1
PLAN AND PREPARE FOR TASKS TO BE UNDERTAKEN
Computers have become a useful part of our everyday lives. The types
of computers we use at home or at work are referred to by varied names
such as PCs, microcomputers, workstations, laptops and desktops. These
computers are most popularly referred to as “personal computers” or PCs,
the most common type of computer in the world. Today, an average person
uses computer-based assistance several times each day and it becomes an
integral part of our lives. So it is very important to be aware of and
understand them.
As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the

different components of a computer system. These are the hardware,
software and peopleware. Each component plays an important role, without
each other computer systems will not work properly.

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1.1 Hardware
Hardware – is the physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a

computer system.
A. Major hardware components of a computer system

The following list represents a basic set of hardware found in most PCs.
System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the

chassis. It includes the following parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor,
Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards. Figure 1 shows
Tower Type System Unit
2. Motherboard /
Mainboard /

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System Board- The
main circuit board of
a computer. It
contains all the
circuits and
components that run
the computer.
3. CPU (Central
Figure 2. Modern Motherboard
Processing Unit) - The
processor is the main
“brain” or “heart” of a
computer system. It
performs all of the
instructions and
calculations that are
Figure 3. Examples of CPU (Intel Core 2
needed and manages the
Duo and AMD Athlon)
flow of information through
a computer.
4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the

computer's working storage space that holds data, instructions for
processing and processed data (information) waiting to be sent to secondary
storage. Physically, primary storage is a collection of RAM chips.
Two (2) Types of Memory

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a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data
even when the power is ON or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data

only when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are
lost.
Figure 4. Examples of RAM

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5. Expansion Bus - A bus
is a data pathway between
several hardware
components inside or
outside a computer. It does
not only connect the parts
of the CPU to each other,
but also links the CPU with
other important hardware.
6. Adapters- Printed-circuit
boards (also called interface
cards) that enable the
computer to use a peripheral
device for which it does not
have the necessary
Figure 5. Expansion Bus connections or circuit boards.
They are often used to permit
upgrading to a new different
hardware.
7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) -

Installed in the back corner of the
PC case, next to the motherboard.
Figure 6. Adapter (Network Adapter)It converts 120vac (standard
house power) into DC voltages
that are used by other
components in the PC.
Figure 7 Switching mode power supply

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D. Ports - External connecting sockets on the outside of the computer. This
is a pathway into and out of the computer. A port lets users plug in outside
peripherals, such as monitors, scanners and printers.
Table 1. The Ports and their function

Type of Function Illustration
Port
Serial Port Intended for serial type mouse
and older camera
Parallel Also called as printer port. This
Port is only for old model printer. It
has 25 pins. It is a female port.
VGA (Video Used to connect monitors. It

Graphic has 15 pins and it is a female
Array) Port port.
USB High speed serial interface that
(Universal is used with almost all devices.
Serial Bus) It is used to connect latest
Port model printers, pen drives, cell
phones etc. it has 4 pins.
PS/2 Port Simple, 6-pin, low-speed serial
connections commonly
dedicated to a keyboard and
mouse.
Power Port Intended for power cord.
S-Video S-Video connections are

Port available on certain source
components and video display
devices, and offer a higher level
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of video performance over
composite video signals.
Audio Port Intended for plugging in the

speaker or headset.
LAN (Local A physical interface often used
for terminating twisted pair
Area
type cables used to connect
Networking) computers onto a local-area
networks (LAN), especially
Port
Ethernet RJ-45 connectors
E. Cables and Wires- A cable is most often two or more wires running side
by side and bonded, twisted or braided together to form a single assembly,
but can also refer to a heavy strong rope.
Table 2. The Cables and Connectors

Illustration Function
These jacks are intended for the PS/2 port
specifically for PS/2 type of keyboard and
mouse.
This type of jack is intended for the audio

and microphone port.
S-video jack is obviously for S-Video port
This monitor jack is intended for the VGA

(Video Graphic Array) port

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This USB (Universal Serial Bus) plug is
intended for USB port. Modern or new model
of peripherals like printer, camera, scanners
and even other portable computer
attachments used USB type of plugs.
This printer cable jack is intended for the

parallel port.
RJ45 ("RJ" in RJ45 stands for "registered

jack," since it is a standardized networking
interface and the "45" simply refers to the
number of the interface standard) is a type of
connector commonly used for
Ethernet networking.
Power cord is the most important cord
because it connects the computer to the
main source of electricity to make it
functional.
1.2 Software
Software - is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides the
hardware to operate effectively. Software can be split into two main types:
1. System Software – Any software required supporting the production or

execution of application programs, but which is not specific to any

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particular application. Common operating systems include Windows, the
Macintosh OS, OS/2 and UNIX.
MAC LINUX
2. Application Software – Designed to help the user to perform singular or

multiple related tasks. Examples of application software are as follows:
a. Word processing software - Creates, edits, saves, and prints documents.

Example: MS Word, WordPerfect, Ami Pro, MacWrite.
b. Spreadsheet software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows and

columns is used to present and analyze data. Example: MS Excel, Lotus
123, Quattro Pro.
c. Database management software - Used to structure a database, a large

collection of computer programs. Data is organized as fields and records
for easy retrieval. Example: MS Access, dBase, Fox Pro, Oracle.
d. Graphic software - Graphics programs display results of data

manipulation for easier analysis and presentation. Example: Macromedia
Flash, Harvard Graphics, 3D Studio Max, Adobe Photoshop

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1.3 People ware
People ware - Refers to people involved in the data processing operations
such as the system administrator, office workers, students and others.
SELF CHECK 2.1_1
Direction: Given the different cables, identify their functions as well as the
part of computer system each one supports.
1. 2.
2. 4.

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5. 6.
7. 8.

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ANSWER SHEET FOR SELF CHECK 2.1_1
1. USB plug
2. RJ 45
3. VGA jack
4. Printer cable jack
5. Microphone jack
6. Power cord
7. PS/2 jack
8. S-Video jack

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OH & S AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN WORKING WITH COMPUTERS
In making minor hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit

that should contain all of the necessary tools. As you gain experience, you
will learn which tools to have available for different types of jobs. Hardware
tools are grouped into these four categories:
a. Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools

b. Hand tools
c. Cleaning tools
d. Diagnostic tools
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools
Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring,

clothing, hair, fabric, and etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge
suspended particles and cause the buildup of static electrical charges on
people and objects in the environment. Grounded antistatic work mats used
with antistatic wrist straps provide the most basic means for the controlled
discharge of electrostatic electricity.
Examples of ESD Tools:

Anti-static wrist strap – Figure 29.
Used to prevent ESD damage to Anti- static wrist
computer equipment. strap
Anti-static mat – Used to stand on Figure 30.

or place hardware on to prevent Anti- static mat

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static electricity from building up.
In case of major troubles in your computer which you feel you are not yet
competent in making repairs, leave it to the experts.
TASK SHEET 2.1_2
1. View actual personal computer and discuss its parts and function.
2. Utilizing the Internet and the website YouTube, view a video regarding
parts of the computer. Use the URLs below:
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9gYVKPczRA
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=bySnX9ZHYvo&feature=player_embedded
After watching the videos, answer the following questions:

o Can you cite the different parts/ components of computer
shown in the video presentation?

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o Do the components play an important role in the computer
system? Explain your answer.
3. Direction: Draw and label the different hardware of a computer. After

drawing and labeling the hardware components, group them into Input
Devices and Storage Devices.

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Performance Score Card
Criteria Rate
1. Accuracy of the answer 50%
2. Number of correct answer against the wrong answer
25%
3. Speed of doing the work 25%
Total Rating
LEARNING OUTCOME 2
INPUT DATA INTO COMPUTER
CONTENTS:
 Communication skills to identify lines of communication, request
advice, follow instructions and receive feedback
 Basic ergonomics of keyboard and computer user
1. Data entered into the computer using appropriate
program/application in accordance with company procedure
2. Accuracy of information checked and information saved in accordance
with standard operating procedures
3. Inputted data stored in storage media according to requirements
4. Work performed within ergonomic guidelines
CONDITIONS:

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 Equipment:
1 unit of computer
Voltage regulator/ UPS
Learning manuals
Work Instruction
Hand-outs
Operating system
Application program
METHODOLOGIES:
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 hands-on

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LEARNING OUTCOME 2: INPUT DATA INTO COMPUTER

Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read2.2_1, information sheet After Reading the information sheet,
Input Data Into Computer, you must be able to answer self-
check 2.2_1
Read2.2_2, information sheet File After Reading the information sheet,
Storage In A Windows Environment you must be able to answer self-
2. check 2.2_2

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INPUT DATA INTO COMPUTER
INPUT DEVICES
8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) -

Also known as hard drive, is a
magnetic storage device that
is installed inside the
computer. The hard drive is
used as permanent storage for
data. In a Windows computer,
the hard drive is usually
configured as the C: drive and
contains the operating system
and applications.
9. Optical Drive- An
optical drive is a storage
device that uses lasers to
Figure 8. Hard Disk Drive
read data on the optical
media. There are three
types of optical drives:
Compact Disc (CD), Digital
Versatile Disc (DVD) and
Blu-ray Disc (BD).

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Figure 10. CD ROM
10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) -
Designed to optically access data
stored on a DVD. A laser moves back
and forth near the disk surface and
accesses data at a very fast rate.
B. Input Devices - Accepts data and instructions from the user or from
another computer system.
Two (2) Types of Input Devices
1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a
keyboard.
Keyboard - The first input
device developed for the PC.
Data is transferred to the PC
over a short cable with a
circular 6-pin Mini-din
Figure 11. Keyboard connector that plugs into the

back of the motherboard.
2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be keyed
by someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create machine-
readable data on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it directly into the
computer’s CPU.
Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices

1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer (cursor)
on screen.

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Figure 12. Mouse - The most common
Mouse 'pointing device' used in PCs. Every
mouse has two buttons and most
have one or two scroll wheels.
Touch screen- A
display screen that is
sensitive to the touch
of a finger or stylus.
Used in myriad
applications, including
Figure 13. ATM machines, retail
point-of-sale
Touch Screen Devices terminals, car
navigation and
industrial controls.
The touch screen
became wildly popular
for smart phones and
tablets.
Light Pen - A light-sensitive stylus
wired to a video terminal used to
draw pictures or select menu
options. The user brings the pen to
the desired point on screen and
presses the pen button to make
contact.

Figure 14. Light Pen
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Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing tablet
used for sketching new images or tracing old
ones. Also called a "graphics tablet," the user
contacts the surface of the device with a wired
or wireless pen or puck. Often mistakenly
called a mouse, the puck is officially the
"tablet cursor."
2. Scanning Devices- A device that can read text or illustrations printed

on paper and translates the information into a form the computer can
use.
Figure 15. Digitizer Tablet
Figure 16. Bar Code Reader Figure 17 Image scanner
3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as speech or

voice recognition systems that allow a user to send audio signals to a
computer for processing, recording, or carrying out commands. Audio
input devices such as microphones allow users to speak to the computer
in order to record a voice message or navigate software.

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Figure 18. Microphones
Scanners
Input devices such as scanners and cameras allow you to capture and copy
images into a computer.
A scanner is a peripheral that reads images and converts them into

electronic codes which can be understood by a computer. There are different
types.
A flatbed is built like a photocopier

and is for use on a desktop; it can
capture text, color images and even
small 3 D objects.
A film scanner is used to film

negatives or 35 mm slides – pictures
on photographic film, mounted on a
frame.

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A hand-held scanner is small T-
shaped, ideal to capture small
pictures and logos.
A pen scanner looks like a pen; you

can scan text, figures, barcodes and
handwritten numbers.
Barcode scanners read barcodes on the products sold in shops and send
the price to the computer in the cash register. Barcodes consist of a series
of black and white stripes used to give products a unique identification
number.
The resolution of a scanner is measured in dpi or dots per inch. For

example, a 1,200 dpi scanner gives clearer, more detailed images than a 300
dpi scanner.
Most scanners come with Optical Character Recognition software. OCR

allows you to scan pages of text and save them into your word processor;
they can be edited.
Digital cameras

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A digital camera doesn't use a film. Photos are stored as digital data (bits
made up of 1s and 0s), usually on a tiny storage device known as flash
memory card. You can connect the camera or memory card to a PC and
then alter the images using a program like Adobe Photoshop, or you can
view the images on a TV set. Many printers have a special socket so that you
can print images directly from a memory card or camera.
Digital video cameras and webcams
Complete the picture by: transfer, input, output, processing.

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A digital video You can store or
camera /DV) You can export the result,
records moving manipulate video display it on a
images and images with video screen or create a
converts them editing software. DVD, email or put
into digital data You can cut, your movie on the
that can be paste, add effects, Web.
processed by a etc.
PC.
Webcams (short for web cameras) let you send and receive live video
pictures through the Internet. They are primarily used for video
conferences – video calls – but they can be used to record photos and video
onto your hard disk.
The resolution of webcams is expressed in megapixels (million pixels).

Webcams connect to the PC via a USB or FireWire port; they display video at
24 to 30 frames (pictures) per second. Some include a headset with a
microphone and earpiece.
SELF-CHECK 2.2_1
A. Solve the clues and complete with the words from the reading.
1. Scanners and cameras are _______________ devices used to transfer

images into a format that can be understood by computers.
2. A _____________ lets you copy photos and printed documents into your
PC.
3. It has become one of life's most familiar sounds – the beep of the
supermarket till whenever a __________________ is scanned.
4. If you need to scan 35 mm _________________ you should go for a
dedicated 35 mm film scanner which concentrates all its dots into a tiny
area.
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5. This scanner has a resolution of 300 x 600 ______________.
6. A _______________ scanner is small enough to hold in your hand.
7. A ______________ scanner is used to capture lines of text, barcodes, and
numbers.
8. Most digital cameras use flash ______________ cards to store photos.
9. _______________ are scanners have a flat surface and take at least A4-
sized documents.
10. To scan photographic negatives or slides you will need a
______________ scanner.
B. Decide whether the sentences are true or false.
1. The details detected by a scanner are not determined by its resolution.

______________
2. A barcode scanner is a computer peripheral for reading barcode labels
printed on products. ______________
3. Scanners cannot handle optical character recognition. _____________
4. A digital camera uses a light sensitive film instead of a memory card
for storing the images. ________________
5. A digital video (DV) camera is used to take still photographs.
_____________
6. Video editing software allows you to manipulate video clips on the
computer. ______________ .

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ANSWER KEY SELF-CHECK 2.2_1
A 1 input
2. scanners and cameras
3. barcodes
4. slides
5 pixels
6. pen scanners
7. Bar code scanner
8. flash memory cards
9. image scanner
10. film scanner
B. 1. True
2. true
3. false
4. false
5. false
6. true

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FILE STORAGE IN A WINDOWS ENVIRONMENT
Microsoft Word is the most popular word processing program. It is easy to

use and allows you to create all different types of documents. Our guides
will show you how. - See more at:
https://www.digitalunite.com/guides/creating-documents/microsoft-
word#sthash.RSJvnqT8.dpuf
How to start a document

Microsoft Word is a word-processing application that can be part of the
Microsoft Office suite or a stand-alone program installed on to your
computer. The program can be used to write letters and different types of
documents that can include graphics and pictures. This guide explains how
to open Microsoft Word and start a new document, using the Windows 7
operating system. It can be found in the ‘Start’ menu under ‘Accessories’.
Click on 'All programs' and then scroll to 'Accessories' folder. You’ll need a
computer with Microsoft Word installed then Follow these step-by-step
instructions to start a document in Microsoft Word
Step 1 : From the desktop or from your ‘Start’ menu, open Microsoft Word.

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If the Word 2013 icon does not appear you can search for it, using the
'Search programs and files' box in the picture above.
Step 2 : Microsoft Word will open up and present you with an option to
select a document template, or a blank document.
Step 3 : If you don't want to use any of the templates on display, click on
the blank document.

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Step 4 : A new blank document will open up ready for you to start typing.
- See more at:

https://www.digitalunite.com/guides/microsoft-word/how-start-
document#sthash.4KqDAkbh.dpuf
How to move around a document
Microsoft Word is a very popular word-processing program. While it can be

used for typing letters and basic documents, a Word document can also
include pictures and graphics for making posters or even birthday cards.
This guide explains how to move around a document in Microsoft Word. It

will feature Word 2010, but earlier versions of Word will use similar steps or
concepts.
You’ll need is a computer with Microsoft Word installed and then Follow
these step-by-step instructions to move around a document.
Step 1:From the desktop or from your ‘Start’ menu, open Microsoft Word.

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Step 2 : Click either File or the Office button at the top left. Select Open
and browse to the document you wish to open. Double-click on it with your
left-hand mouse button to open it.
Step 3:The flashing cursor (mouse pointer) in the document tells you where
you’re typing. Wherever the flashing cursor is placed, the letters that you
type will be inserted at that point. When you start a blank document, the
flashing cursor will be at the start of your document ready for you to start
typing.

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Step 4 : As you type, the cursor will also move with each letter. This guides
you so that you know where the focus is for typing.
Step 5 : The mouse can be used for moving around a document. When the
mouse pointer is moved over a text area, the pointer will change from an
arrow to a ‘text select’ or ‘I-beam’ icon.

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Step 6 : Move the text select/mouse pointer with your mouse to where you
would like to change or add text. Click the left-hand mouse button. This
will then place the flashing cursor at the point where you have clicked so
that you can edit or insert text.
Step 7 : You can also move around your document using the arrow keys on
the keyboard.
Step 8 : Pressing these arrow keys will move the flashing cursor up a line of
text, down a line or left one character or right one character. Using a
combination of keystrokes can also move the cursor further – e.g. holding
down the Ctrl (control) key and pressing the left arrow key will move the
cursor left one word. Holding down Ctrl and pressing the up arrow key will
move the cursor to the start of each paragraph.
- See more at:
https://www.digitalunite.com/guides/microsoft-word/how-move-around-
document#sthash.tr6622AN.dpuf
How to select text

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Selecting or highlighting text enables you to change that text in terms of
style, font and/or color or even replace the words if required.
This means that, even if you change your mind or want to make your
creations a little more interesting, it can be done easily and quickly at
different places in your document.
This guide explains how to select text in Microsoft Word. It will feature
Word 2010, but earlier versions of Word will use similar steps or concepts.
You’ll need a computer with Microsoft Word installed and then follow these
step-by-step instructions to select text in a document
Step 1 : If you are not already in a Word document, you will need to open it.
From the desktop or from your ‘Start’ menu, open Microsoft Word.
Step 2 : Click either File or the Office button in the top left. Select Open
and browse to the document you wish to open. Double-click on the file name
to open.
Step 3 : The mouse can be used to select text. When the mouse pointer is
moved over a text area, the pointer will change from an arrow to a ‘text
select’ or ‘I-beam’ icon.

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Step 4 : Move the text select/mouse pointer with your mouse to where you’d
like to start your selection. Click and hold down the left mouse button.
While doing this, move the mouse across your text to where you’d like the
selection to stop. As you move the mouse, the text will be selected. When
you’ve finished your selection, release the left mouse button.
Step 5 : The selected text can now be formatted or changed if required.
Step 6 : You can also move and select text using the arrow keys on the
keyboard, which some people may find easier than the mouse.

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If you use a combination of keyboard keys – e.g. holding down Ctrl and
Shift and pressing the left or right arrow key – you can move the cursor
and select the text in different directions.
Step 7 : Once text is selected (highlighted), it can be changed or edited as

required
- See more at:
https://www.digitalunite.com/guides/microsoft-word/how-select-
text#sthash.Xs5cHl22.dpuf
How to copy and paste text
Copying text can be useful if you need to duplicate words you have already
typed as it saves time and effort.
This guide explains how to copy selected text and paste it into another part
of a document, using Microsoft Word 2010. Earlier versions of Word will use
similar steps and concepts.
You’ll need is a computer with Microsoft Word installed and then Follow
these step-by-step instructions to copy and paste text
Step 1 : Open an existing Word document or start a new document and type
your text.
Step 2 : To copy text, it will need to be selected or highlighted with the
mouse first. When the mouse pointer is moved over a text area, the pointer
will change from an arrow to a ‘text select’ or ‘I-beam’ icon.

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Step 3 : Select your text so that it’s highlighted.
Step 4 : Copy the text by clicking on the copy icon at the left-hand side of
the formatting ribbon.

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Step 5 : Use the mouse to move the cursor to where you wish to paste the
copied text.
Step 6 : Click Paste to insert the copied text in its new place in your text.

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Step 8 : Your text will now be duplicated in the new position in your
document.
Step 9 : Once text is highlighted, it’s also possible to copy and paste it
using a keyboard shortcut instead of the mouse, which some people find
easier. To copy, press and hold Ctrl (the control key) on the keyboard and
then press the C on the keyboard. To paste, press and hold down Ctrl and
then press V.
- See more at:
https://www.digitalunite.com/guides/microsoft-word/how-copy-and-paste-
text#sthash.n5ZyApPa.dpuf
File storage in a Windows environment is simple and straightforward. The

best way to access file storage is to use Windows Explorer, a software
application that comes with Microsoft Windows. The Windows Explorer
environment allows for quick access to all the computer’s files. This includes
all drives including: floppy disk drive, hard drive (on the CPU) and CD-ROM

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drives. The environment is also hierarchical in that folders may be created
within folders. Files, on the other hand, are saved within this hierarchy of
folders.
Left Click versus right click

When you look at your mouse, you should instantly notice that there are
two (or sometimes three) different buttons which can be clicked. For most
situations the user will use the left button. For this reason when people
refer to ‘click’ they are referring to left click. In contrast, clicking on the right
button is always referred to as ‘right click’. In this job aid we will always
refer to left click as ‘click’, and right click as ‘right click’.
File extensions
You may have noticed that file names are usually followed by a period and
three letters. This three letter sequence is known as the ‘file extension’ and
is a way for the computer to recognize what type of file you are opening.
Some of the more common file extensions are as follows:
Microsoft Word .doc
Microsoft Excel .xls
Microsoft PowerPoint .ppt
Images .gif or .jpg
Video .mov or .mpg
Sound or Audio .mp3 or .wav
Using Windows Explorer

Creating folders within the Windows Explorer environment is a relatively
easy task. This activity will teach the user how to do so.
1. Open Windows Explorer by holding down the WINDOWS key while pressing
the letter ‘e’ key. The interface is broken up into two main viewing areas: the

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tree structure of all computer folders on the left panel; while the right panel
shows all folders and files belonging to the item currently selected in the left
Panel.
2. Before creating a new folder, the user must first decide where they want the
folder created. For this example we will create our first folder within the ‘C
drive’ (your hard drive). Click on the C drive (C:\) in the left window of the
Windows Explorer interface. The right hand side of the screen should show
all folders presently included within the C Drive.
3. Go to the Menu bar at the top of the screen and click on ‘File’. This opens a
drop menu.
4. Select ‘New’ and another drop menu will open.
5. Click on ‘Folder’. Instantly a new folder will be created in the ‘C Drive’ in the
right-hand side of the Windows Explorer Interface.
6. Type in the name which you want to give this folder and then press the
‘Enter’ key.
7. Now, within the folder you just created, create another folder to go into this
one. To do this simply repeat steps 2-6.
SAVING FILES WITHIN THE WINDOWS ENVIRONMENT
It is always a good idea to save your files on a regular basis. The folders
which you created in the last activity will be used during this activity as a
repository for saving your files. For this example we will use a hypothetical
situation of wanting to save a Microsoft Word Document into one of our
folders. Microsoft Word is a word processing program that allows the user to
make text files. The following explains the steps involved in saving a file to a
specific folder.
1. In the Microsoft Word environment click on ‘File’ in your top menu bar.
This will open a drop down menu.
2. Drag the cursor over ‘Save As’ in order to select it and then click. This

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will open your saving window.
3. At the top of this window is a menu which allows you to select where you
want to save your file. ‘Double-click’ on the appropriate folders in order to
get to the folder in which the file will be saved.
4. At the bottom of this window are two menus; one is a place to write the
name of the file. ‘Double-click’ in this space to select the text.
5. Type in whatever name you want to give to your file.
6. The bottom most menu queries the user to select the type of file in which
this file will be saved on the hard drive. This topic is beyond the scope of
this workshop, but in most cases the Microsoft Word document will be
saved as a Word Document (.doc).
7. Click on the ‘Save’ button.
8. The document is saved in the correct place in the Windows file structure.
9. Using Windows Explorer, verify that your file is in the right place.
Making shortcuts to files and programs (desktop icons)

Making shortcuts is one way to more easily access important files or
programs in your computer environment. One way to do this is to create
icons which will sit on your desktop that instantly link you to the files or
programs you wish to open.
1. Right-click on the file or program.

2. This will open a drop menu with different selections. Drag the cursor
over the item ‘Send to’, this will select it and open a new drop menu
adjacently.
3. Drag the cursor over the item ‘Desktop (create shortcut)’, it will become
highlighted.
4. Click on this item.
5. The new icon should now be on your desktop.
6. In the future double clicking on this icon will open your desired file or
program.

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7. This icon is a shortcut and can be deleted at any time since it is not the
file itself.
Languages and your keyboard

You can set your keyboard to more than one language. Most likely English
and French will be used by most of us. Being able to change the keyboard is
important since French has accents while English does not. You can set the
language of your keyboard by doing the following:
1. Click on the ‘Start Menu’ in the bottom left-hand corner of your

screen.
2. Select ‘Settings, this will open a new drop menu.
3. In the drop menu select ‘Control Panels’, by clicking it. This will open
a new window.
4. Double click on the ‘Keyboard’ icon, this will open a menu.
5. In this menu, you should see two tabs at the top, ‘Speed’ and
‘Language’, click on the language tab.
6. In order to add additional languages to your keyboard, click on the
‘Add’ button, which will open up a list of potential languages that can
be added.
7. Select the language which you would like to add, then click on ‘OK’.
8. Click the ‘Apply’ button on the ‘Keyboard’ menu.
9. Click on the ‘OK’ button on the “Keyboard’ menu.
There is another way to change the language of your keyboard. This process
is much simpler.
1. Click on the small LANGUAGE icon which appears in your taskbar. Your
task bar is in the bottom right hand corner of your computer screen. This
will open up a list of the different languages that are available to the
user.
2. Select the language that you want to use and click on it. You are now

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ready to type in text of that language.
Recycle Bin
Most Windows environments have a ‘Recycle Bin’ icon on their desktop This
is a place where old files no longer needed can be thrown away. Items in this
repository are not permanently lost; the recycle bin is merely a place to put
old files before they are permanently deleted. Here are two methods for
deleting old files (sending them to the recycle bin).
1. Click on the icon and hold the button down, this will select the file or
program to be moved.
2. Using the mouse, drag the item until it overlays the ‘Recycle Bin’.
3. When the ‘Recycle Bin’ icon becomes highlighted, release the button on
the mouse.
4. The file will now be in the ‘Recycle Bin’.
OR
1. Right-click on an item; this will open a drop-down menu.
2. Drag the cursor over ‘Delete’ and then click.
3. The item will now be in the ‘Recycle Bin’.
Although the items are now in the Recycle Bin, they are not permanently
lost. They are merely stored for the moment
In order to Empty your Recycle Bin, you must do the following:
1. Double-click on the ‘Recycle Bin’ icon. This will open up a Recycle Bin
window and show you all the files that have been placed here.
2. In the top menu bar, click on ‘File’, this opens a drop menu.
3. Select ‘Empty Recycle Bin’ and click.
4. The Recycle Bin is now empty.

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Remember that once this is done, files are permanently lost and are not
recoverable unless you have some special recovery software. But don’t let it
get that far as the procedure is not always successful.
If you discover that there is a file in the Recycle Bin that you want to keep
after all, and then perform the following:
1. Double click on the ‘Recycle Bin’ icon; this opens the recycle bin window.
2. Right-click on the item to be recovered, this opens a drop menu.
3. Select and click ‘Restore’, this will replace the file to its original location.
Shortcut key strokes for Microsoft
Keyboard shortcuts are useful for computer users who want to improve
efficiency and lower the risk of repetitive stress injuries by minimizing the
need to use a mouse. Key strokes also known as Keyboard commands, Hot
keys, or Shortcut Keys.
Here are some of the more useful shortcuts from the ‘File menu’:
New = CTRL + N
Open = CTRL + O
Save = CTRL + S
Print = CTRL + P
Commands from the ‘Edit menu’:
Cut = CTRL + X
Copy = CTRL + C
Paste = CTRL + V
Select = All CTRL + A
Find = CTRL + F
Undo = CTRL + Z
Open a Word document (.doc) and practice some of these shortcuts. Ask the

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facilitators if needed.
SELF - CHECK 2.2_2
Match Column A with Column B
A B
1. New a. CTRL + S
2. Open b. CTRL + O
3. Save c. CTRL + N
4. Print d. CTRL + P
5. Cut e. CTRL + X
6. Copy f. CTRL + Z
7. Paste g. CTRL + V
8. Select h. All CTRL + A
9. Find i. CTRL + F
10. Undo j. CTRL + C
ANSWER KEY TO SELF - CHECK 2.2_2
1. New = CTRL + N
2. Open = CTRL + O
3. Save = CTRL + S
4. Print = CTRL + P
5. Cut = CTRL + X
6. Copy = CTRL + C
7. Paste = CTRL + V
8. Select = All CTRL + A
9. Find = CTRL + F

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10. Undo = CTRL + Z
LEARNING OUTCOME 3
ACCESS INFORMATION USING COMPUTER
CONTENTS:
 Business application
 System software
 Basic ergonomics of keyboard and computer user

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1. Correct program/application selected based on job requirements
2. Program/Application containing the information required accessed
according to company procedures
3. Desktop icons correctly selected, opened and closed for navigation
purposes
4. Keyboard techniques carried out in line with OHS requirements for
safe use of keyboards
CONDITIONS:
 Equipment:
1 unit of computer
Voltage regulator / UPS
learning manuals
Work instruction
Hand-outs
Operating system
Application program
Disks
METHODOLOGIES:
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 hands-on
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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
LEARNING OUTCOME : ACCESS INFORMATION USING COMPUTER

Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read information sheet 2.3_1 After reading this information
access information using computer sheets, you must be able to answer
self-check 2.3_1

ACCESS INFORMATIONS USING COMPUTER
Business software or business application is any software or set of

computer programs that are used by business users to perform various
business functions. These business applications are used to increase
productivity, to measure productivity and to perform business functions
accurately. By and large, business software is likely to be developed
specifically for a business and therefore is not easily transferable to a
different commercial enterprise, unless its nature and operation is identical.
This is due to the unique requirements of each business that off-the-shelf

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software in unlikely to completely address. However, where an on-the-shelf
solution is necessary, due to time or monetary considerations, some level of
customization is likely to be required. Exceptions do exist, depending on the
business in question, and thorough research is always required before
committing to bespoke or off-the-shelf. Some business applications are
interactive, i.e., they have a graphical user interface or user interface and
users can query/modify/input data and view results instantaneously. They
can also run reports instantaneously. Some business applications run in
batch mode i.e. they are set up to run based on a predetermined event/time
and business user does not need to initiate them or monitor them.
Some business applications are built in-house and some are bought from
vendors (off the shelf software products). These business applications either
are installed on desktops or on big servers. Prior to the introduction of
COBOL (a universal compiler) in 1965, businesses developed their own
unique machine language
Some of our favorite software tools and Web services that we deem the best
for powering small and medium-size businesses. Of course, not every
business needs every type of program or service, but if your small business
could use some help in any of the categories below, here are some lists
which will give you a pretty good shot at picking a winner.
Accounting Software

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QuickBooks: The industry standard in financial management
The flowchart-based accounting of QuickBooks is as close to a standard in

financial management as the small-business world has, and it's arguably
the easiest way for nonprofessionals to transfer their books from the filing
cabinet to the computer, where they belong. Most actions, from cutting a
check to billing a client, are just a click or two away from the start screen.
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Backup and Recovery
Mozy's remote backup service lets you select what you want to back up. You
can (and should) regularly back up files to an external hard drive or NAS
(network-attached storage) device in your office--but what if the whole place
goes up in smoke? Hedge your bet with an online backup service like Mozy,
which automatically archives whatever you'd like across the Internet, safe
and sound. Just select what you want backed up, and Mozy does the rest,
either in bulk while you sleep, or in real time, as files are changed

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Blogging Tool
WordPress offers one of the easiest blogging platforms you can find--and it's
free.
If your business still doesn't have a blog--one of the best ways around to
provide up-to-date company and product news--you're only about three
years behind the curve. Hey, it's not too late to catch up: WordPress installs
in minutes (it even offers a free, hosted option on WordPress.com), and the
platform is dazzlingly easy to use (the site's home page carries an ad for
WordPress for Dummies, but we doubt you'll need to crack that volume).
WordPress so simple, your team will be begging to contribute to the blog
instead of whining that it's too laborious.

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Calendar
Mozilla's Sunbird calendaring application can be integrated with its

Thunderbird e mail platform. Mozilla's Thunderbird (our e-mail pick; see
that category below) lacks a calendar, so most business users rely on the
equally free Sunbird for scheduling. It's a very straightforward application,
with day, week, and month views, and even a publishing feature to enable
sending your calendar to a Web site, should you wish to make it public. Get
the Lightning plug-in to integrate Sunbird directly with Thunderbird.
Collaboration
The Vyew online conferencing/collaboration platform includes a useful
whiteboard. With Vyew, anyone can host an Internet session that lets
scattered colleagues work together on a project in real time. This Web
conferencing platform gives you a very simple whiteboard where you can
upload documents for discussion, share your desktop, or create designs
from scratch. You don't even have to register to use Vyew, but if you do, you
get access to VoIP and other audio services. (free for up to 20 live
participants; additional services extra)

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Collaboration/Office Suite
Google Docs lets a team share and collaborate on spreadsheets and

documents.
If your team members all have Google accounts (and why wouldn't they?),
sharing files and collaborating on them simultaneously and in real-time is a
snap with Google Docs. A word processor and spreadsheet are your only
choices--no free-form whiteboarding here--but the service is free and easy as
pie
to operate. Upgrading to the Premier Edition brings extra space (a 25GB

limit versus 7GB for free) and a conference-room scheduling system.
CRM

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Salesforce.com offers many sales- and lead-tracking tools. Customer
relationship management isn't just for the Fortune 500. Even one-person
shops can benefit from a more ordered approach to managing the sales
process, tracking leads, and ensuring that follow-ups are done in a timely
fashion. Salesforce.com requires some training and patience due to its
vastness, but its exhaustive feature set and affordable pricing options make
it a business must-have.
Database
FileMaker Pro is more intuitive than Access, with many prebuilt templates to
get you started. Access is a part of many editions of Microsoft Office, but if
you don't already have that database program in your toolkit, consider

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springing for FileMaker Pro instead. This database application is more
intuitive than Access, while offering high-end features like live SQL data
source support and easy Web-publishing capabilities, so your whole team
can access the database via a browser. And its array of prebuilt templates

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helps you get up and running in no time.
E-Commerce Service

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You'd be surprised at some of the sophisticated things being done with the
simple e-commerce service at Yahoo Small Business. Yahoo provides
everything from templates and wizards to credit-card processing and sales-
tax collection. If you sell less than 50,000 units, this is definitely one of the
easiest and quickest ways to go online. Even better: A small army of third-
party developers stands ready to create Web designs that work specifically
with the service. If you have Microsoft Office, you already have Outlook, the
industry-standard e-mail app. But if you're looking to save a buck and still
get most of Outlook's features, Thunderbird is a capable, free alternative.
Message tagging and a speedy, Integrated search system actually offer a few
improvements over off-the-rack Outlook. Yahoo's Zimbra Desktop includes
an impressive calendar as well as e-mail and contact tools. Another
interesting, non-Outlook e-mail option is Zimbra Desktop, which Yahoo
acquired earlier this year. In simple terms, the Zimbra Desktop is an offline
version of Zimbra's capable Web-based e-mail manager. It includes
everything a small-business user needs: a contact manager, an impressive
calendar, a to-do list, and even a simple, integrated document manager for
quick note-taking.

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E-Mail Marketing
Topica provides an affordable e-marketing platform. Don't call it spam:

Communicating via e-mail with your customers is cool, as long as they opt
in. Topica has been in the e-mail marketing/mailing-list game for years, and
most spam filters are pretty kind to messages that are sent through its
service. Topica is also one of the most affordable of such e-mail marketing
platforms that you can find on the Web--and it sure beats running a mailing
list server yourself.

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Instant Messaging
You don't have to run four different instant-messaging applications just to
communicate with your clients and with everyone in your office.

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Multiprotocol software like Pidgin allows you to communicate with users
across more than a dozen IM services: Not just AIM, ICQ, and other biggies,
but also lesser-known ones like Gadu-Gadu (it's Polish) and Zephyr. Trillian
is similar, but it supports fewer services.
Invoicing
Zoho Invoice offers simple, flexible Web-based billing. Don't need a full-
fledged accounting app like QuickBooks? Zoho Invoice is a near-perfect
Web-based solution for managing simple billing needs. Create and manage
customer accounts, build invoices, and then print or e-mail them with a
mouse click. You can also tie in your use of Invoice with Zoho's other, extra-
cost business services. See our full review of Zoho Invoice.
Mobile Device Remote Access
It's one thing to be stuck in an airport without access to a critical file back
at the office, but what if you don't even have access to a computer? Enter
SoonR, which lets you snag files from your PC or Mac via a mobile phone.
SoonR isn't built for serious data transfer needs--but it just might get you
out of a jam when it counts.
Office Suite
Like it or not, any business, big or small, probably needs at least one copy of
Microsoft Office somewhere in the building. All of the suite's applications are
simply too close to being industry standards to ignore. It can be pricey, but
you likely needn't worry about upgrading to the latest version--anything
produced since the turn of the century should do. The OpenOffice
productivity suite is mostly compatible with Microsoft Office. Don't want to
fork over beaucoup bucks for Office? We can't blame you--and this
alternative suite will work for 95 percent of your productivity needs.

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OpenOffice.org is mostly compatible with Microsoft Office, and operations
are similar enough that any Microsoft user should have no trouble using it.
The big three apps--word processor, spreadsheet, and presentation tool--are
all here,
along with a simple database and drawing tool. One caveat: OpenOffice has
trouble with Office 2007 files; but the imminent new version, OpenOffice 3,
is said to remedy that limitation. A lot more software can be found in the
web, depending on the need f the user.

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SELF – CHECK 2.3_1
1. __________is a near-perfect Web-based solution for managing simple
billing needs.
2. Multiprotocol software like __________allows you to communicate with
users across more than a dozen IM services:
3. __________provides an affordable e-marketing platform.
4. Mozilla's __________calendaring application can be integrated with its
Thunderbird e mail platform
5. ___________ is the industry standard in financial management
6. ___________offers one of the easiest blogging platforms you can find--and
it's free.
7. __________is more intuitive than Access, with many prebuilt templates to
get you started.
8. ___________is any software or set of computer programs that are used by
business users to perform various business functions.

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ANSWER KEY TO SELF – CHECK 2.3_1
1. Zoho Invoice
2. Pidgin
3. Topica
4. Sunbird
5. QuickBooks:
6. WordPress
7. FileMaker Pro
8. Business software or business application

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LEARNING OUTCOME 4
PRODUCE OUTPUT/DATA USING COMPUTER SYSTEM
CONTENTS:
 Computer peripherals
1. Entered data processed using appropriate software commands
2. Data printed as required using computer hardware/peripheral devices
in accordance with standard operating procedures
3. Files and data transferred between compatible systems using
computer software, hardware/peripheral devices in accordance with
CONDITIONS:
 Equipment:
1 unit of computer
Printer
Learning manuals
Work Instruction
Hand-outs
Operating system

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Application program
Disks
METHODOLOGIES:
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Hands-on
LEARNING EXPERIENCES /ACTIVITIES
LEARNING OUTCOME 1: PRODUCE OUTPUT/DATA USING

COMPUTER SYSTEM
Leaning Activities Special instructions
Read information sheet 2.4_1, After reading the information
produce output /data using sheet , you must be able to answer
computer system self check 2.4_1
Read information sheet 2.4_2, After reading the information
Display Screens sheet , you must be able to answer
self check 2.4_2

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PRODUCE OUTPUT /DATA USING COMPUTER SYSTEM
OUTPUT DEVICES: PRINTERS

C. Output Devices - Any piece of computer hardware that displays results
after the computer has processed the input data that has been entered.
1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual form,

using text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the
information is called the screen or video display terminal.
Types of Monitor
a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray

Figure 19. Tubes (CRT) were the only type of
displays for use with desktop PCs.
Cathode They are relatively big (14" to 16"
Ray Tube deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).
Monitor
b. LCD Monitors - Liquid Crystal

Display (LCD) technology has been
used in laptops for some time. It
has recently been made
commercially available as monitors
for desktop PCs.
Figure 20.
Perform Liquid Crystal

Date Developed: Display Monitor
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c. LED Monitors
(Light Emitting Diode) - A display
and lighting technology used in
almost every electrical and
electronic product on the market,
from a tiny on/off light to digital
Figure
readouts, 21
flashlights, traffic lights
and perimeter lighting.
2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets
of polarizing material with a liquid
crystal solution between them. An
electric current passed through the
liquid causes the crystals to align so
that light cannot pass through them.
Each crystal, therefore, is like a
shutter, either allowing light to pass
through or blocking the light.
3. Smart Board - A
type of display screen Figure
that has a touch 23.
sensitive transparent Figure 22.
panel covering the LCD Projector Smart
screen, which is Board
similar to a touch
screen.
4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.
Types of printer
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Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet
Figure 24 Printer - sprays ink at a
sheet of paper. Ink-jet
Ink- Jet printers produce high-
Printer quality text and graphics.
Laser Printer - Uses the

Figure 25. same technology as copy
machines. Laser printers
Laser produce very high quality
printer text and graphics.
LCD and LED Printer-

Figure 26. Similar to a laser printer,
but uses liquid crystals
LCD Printer or light-emitting diodes
rather than a laser to
produce an image on the
drum.
Line Printer - Contains a
Figure 27 chain of characters or pins
that print an entire line at one
Line Printer time. Line printers are very
fast, but produce low-quality
Page 79 of 127
print.
Thermal Printer- An
Figure 28. inexpensive printer that works
by pushing heated pins
Thermal against heat-sensitive paper.
Printer Thermal printers are widely
used in calculators and fax
machines.
5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or
connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear
sound effects from your computer.
Technical details
A printer is a device that prints your texts or graphics on paper.
- The output on paper or acetate sheets is called printout or hard copy.

- A program in your computer, called the printer driver, converts data
into a form that your printer can understand.
- A print spooler stores files to be printed when the printer is ready. It
lets you change the order of documents in the queue and cancel
specific print jobs.
- The output quality or resolution is measured in dpi or dots per inch.
- The speed of your printer is measured in pages per minute (ppm).

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- In a network, users can share a printer connected to a print server, a
computer that stores the files waiting to be printed.
Types of printers
A dot-matrix printer uses a group, or matrix, of pins to create precise dots.

A print heading containing tiny pins strikes an inked ribbon to make letters
and graphics. This impact printing technology allows shops, for example, to
print multi-part forms such as receipts and invoices, so it's useful when
self-copying paper is needed. It has two important disadvantages: noise and
a relatively low resolution (from 72 to 180 dpi).
An ink-jet printer (also called bubble-jet) generates an image by spraying

tiny, precise drops of ink onto the paper. The resolution ranges from 300 to
1200 dpi, suitable for small quantities or home use. A standard ink-jet has a
three-color cartridge, plus a black cartridge. Professional ink-jets have five-
color cartridges, plus black; some can print in wide format, ranging from 60
cm up to 5 m, ( for printing advertising graphics).
Some ink-jets based printers can perform more than one task. They are
called multi-function printers because they can work as a scanner, a fax as
well as a printer. Some units accept memory cards and print photos directly
from a camera.
A laser printer uses a laser beam to fix the ink to the paper. A laser works
like a photocopier; a powder called a toner is attracted to paper by an
electrostatic charge and then fused on by a hot roller.
Laser printers are fast and produce a high resolution of 1200 to 2400 dpi, so
they are ideal for businesses and for proofing professional graphics work.

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Lasers use a page description language or PDL, which describes how to
print the text and draw the images on the page. The best-known languages
are Adobe PostScript an HP Printer Control Language.
A professional imagesetter is a typesetting printer that generates very high

resolution output (over 3540 dpi) on paper or microfilm. It's used for high-
quality publications.
A plotter is a special type of printer which uses ink and fine pens held in a
cartridge to draw detailed designs on paper. It's used in computer-aided
design, maps, 3 D technical illustrations, etc.
SELF CHECK 2.4_1

A. Complete these sentences with the words in 'Technical details'.
1. A ____________ uses a group, or matrix, of pins to create precise dots.
A print heading containing tiny pins strikes an inked ribbon to make
letters and graphics.
2. An ____________ (also called bubble-jet) generates an image by
spraying tiny, precise drops of ink onto the paper.
3. A ____________uses a laser beam to fix the ink to the paper. A laser
works like a photocopier;
4. A professional ___________is a typesetting printer that generates very
high resolution output (over 3540 dpi) on paper or microfilm.

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5. _____________ is an inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated
pins against heat-sensitive paper.
6. ___________ contains a chain of characters or pins that print an entire
line at one time.
7. ____________sprays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers produce
high-quality text and graphics.
8. A _________is a special type of printer which uses ink and fine pens
held in a cartridge to draw detailed designs on paper.
B. Choose the most suitable type of printer for these situations from
the descriptions in 'Types of printers'.
1. A home user who wants to print text documents and family photographs
2. business people who need to print in large quantities at high quality in
an office
3. Engineers who want to make detailed line drawings
4. Professional typesetters in desktop publishing (to publish catalogues and
magazine)
5. A company that wants to print carbon copies of bills and receipts

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ANSWER TO SELF CHECK 2.4_1
A
1. dot-matrix printer
2. ink-jet printer
3. laser printer
4. imagesetter
5. Thermal Printer
6. Line Printer
7. Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer
8. plotter
B
1. ink jet
2. laser printer
3. imagesetter
4. ink jet
5. dot matrix

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DISPLAY SCREENS
CRTs and LCDs
The screen on a computer is often known as the monitor, or VDU (Visual

Display Unit). Inside the computer, there is a video card which produces
images and sends signals to the monitor.
When choosing a monitor, you have to take into account a few basics.
- Type of display – the choice is between a CRT or an LCD screen.
The Cathode Ray Tube of a monitor is similar to a traditional TV set. It has

three electron guns (one for each primary colour; red, green and blue) that
strike the inside of the screen which is coated with substances called
phosphors, which glow and create colours. CRTs are cheap, but they are
heavy, can flicker and emit radiation.
A Liquid Crystal Display is made of flat plates with a liquid crystal solution
between them. The crystals block the light in different quantities to create
the image. Active-matrix LCDs use TFT (Thin Film Transistor) technology
in which each pixel has its own transistor switch. They offer better quality
and take up less space, so they are replacing CRTs.
- Screen size – the viewing area is measured diagonally; in other words, a

17'' screen measures 17 inches from top left corner to the bottom right.
- Resolution – the clarity of the image depends on the number of pixels

(short picture elements) contained on a display, horizontally and vertically. A
typical resolution is 1024 x 768. The sharpness of images is affected by dot

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pitch, the distance between the pixels on the screen, so a dot pitch of 0.28
mm or less will produce a sharp image.
- Brightness – the luminance of images is measured in cd/m² (candela per

square meter).
- Color depth – the number of colours a monitor can display. For example,
a VGA monitor produces 256 colours, enough for home users; a SuperVGA
can produce up to 16.7 million colours, so is ideal for photographic work
and video games.
- Refresh rate – the number of times that the image is drawn each second.
If a monitor has a refresh rate of 75 Hz, it means that the screen is scanned
75 times per second. If the rate is low, you will notice a flicker, which can
cause eye fatigue.

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SELF CHECK 2.4_2
A. Read the text on 'CRTs and LCDs' and then corrects these false
statements.
1. The images shown on a monitor are not generated by the video card.
2. All visible colors can be made from mixing the three primary colors of red,
yellow and blue.
3. Typical CRT-based displays occupy less space than LCD displays.
4. Active matrix LCDs do not use a technology called TFT.
5. The size of the screen is measured horizontally.
B. Match each term with the correct definition.
1. phosphors a) the frequency at which a monitor

2. LCD screen renews its image, measured in Hz
3. pixel b) a flat-panel display which works
4. dot pitch by emitting light through a special
5. refresh rate liquid
c) the space between a display's
pixels
d) the smallest element in a
displayed image
e) materials that emit light and
produce colors when they are
activated by an electron beam

Page 87 of 127
ANSWER KEY TO SELF CHECK 2.4_2
1. e
2. b
3. d
4. c
5. a

Page 88 of 127
LEARNING OUTCOME 5
USE BASIC FUNCTION OF A WEB BROWSER TO LOCATE
INFORMATIONS
1. Information requirements for Internet search established
2. Browser launched
3. Search engine loaded
4. Appropriate search criteria and/or URL of site entered
5. Relevant links followed to locate required information
6. Useful pages bookmarked or printed as required
CONTENTS:
 Web surfing
 Web browsers
 Search engines
 URLS and keywords
 Links
 Book marking
CONDITIONS:
 Equipment:
1 unit of computer
Learning manuals
Work Instruction
Hand-outs
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Operating system
Application program
Disks
- Paper
METHODOLOGIES:
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Hands-on
 practical demonstration

Page 90 of 127
Learning outcomes 5: Use Basic Function Of A Web Browser To

Locate Information
Learning activities Special Instructions
Read information sheet 2.5_1, use After reading this information sheet,
basic function of a web browser to you must be able to answer self-
locate information check 2.5_1

Page 91 of 127
USE BASIC FUNCTION OF A WEB BROWSER TO LOCATE INFORMATION
SURFING THE WEB.

To navigate through the World Wide Web or Internet, usually by clicking
with a mouse is called Surfing the Web. The term also has a generic
meaning of spending time on the Internet.
A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application

for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World
Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource
Identifier (URI/URL) and may be a web page, image, video or other piece of
content. The most popular web browsers that are used today are Mozilla
Firefox, Google Chrome, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Apple Safari and the
Opera browser.
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, and is used to specify

addresses on the World Wide Web. A URL is the fundamental network
identification for any resource connected to the web (e.g., hypertext pages,
images, and sound files). URLs have the following format:
protocol://hostname/other_information.
If you've been surfing the Web, you have undoubtedly heard the term URL
and have used URLs to access HTML pages from the Web. It's often easiest,
although not entirely accurate, to think of a URL as the name of a file on the
World Wide Web because most URLs refer to a file on some machine on the
network. However, remember that URLs also can point to other resources on
the network, such as database queries and command output.
Definition:

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URL is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator and is a reference (an
address) to a resource on the Internet.
A URL has two main components:

 Protocol identifier: For the URL http://example.com, the protocol
identifier is http.
 Resource name: For the URL http://example.com, the resource name
is example.com.
Note that the protocol identifier and the resource name are separated by a
colon and two forward slashes. The protocol identifier indicates the name of
the protocol to be used to fetch the resource. The example uses the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is typically used to serve up
hypertext documents. HTTP is just one of many different protocols used to
access different types of resources on the net. Other protocols include File
Transfer Protocol (FTP), Gopher, File, and News.
The resource name is the complete address to the resource. The format of
the resource name depends entirely on the protocol used, but for many
protocols, including HTTP, the resource name contains one or more of the
following components:
Host Name
The name of the machine on which the resource lives.
Filename
The pathname to the file on the machine.
Port Number
The port number to which to connect (typically optional).
Reference
A reference to a named anchor within a resource that usually identifies a
specific location within a file (typically optional).

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For many protocols, the host name and the filename are required, while
the port number and reference are optional. For example, the resource name
for an HTTP URL must specify a server on the network (Host Name) and the
path to the document on that machine (Filename); it also can specify a port
number and a reference
1. Why do I need a search engine?

For the same reason you need a card catalogue in a library. There is lots of
great and useful information in a library, but it's physically impossible to
examine all the books personally. Not even the most indefatigable web-
surfer could hyperlink to all the documents in the aptly named World Wide
Web. There are billions of pages on the Web. And every minute of the day,
folks are posting more. The search engines and directories help you sift
through all those 1's and 0's to find the specific information you need.
2. If it's impossible to examine all the documents on the Web, how do
the search engines do it?
They use software programs known as robots, spiders or crawlers. A robot
is a piece of software that automatically follows hyperlinks from one
document to the next around the Web. When a robot discovers a new site, it
sends information back to its main site to be indexed. Because Web
documents are one of the least static forms of publishing (i.e., they change a
lot), robots also update previously catalogued sites. How quickly and
comprehensively they carry out these tasks varies from one search engine to
the next.
3. Which search engine is "the biggest"?
They'd all like you to believe they're either "the biggest" or, if they can't
possibly claim that, "the best."
Google currently claims to index over 3.3 billion pages, while Alltheweb.com
(one of Yahoo’s many search properties) claims to index over 3.1 billion.
Search engines which demand that site owners pay to have their sites
indexed, such as AskJeeves, index fewer pages.

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4. How Do Search Engines Work, Technologically?
Search engines have two major functions: crawling and building an index,
and providing search users with a ranked list of the websites they've
determined are the most relevant.
Imagine the World Wide Web as a network of stops in a big city subway
system. Each stop is a unique document (usually a web page, but
sometimes a PDF, JPG, or other file). The search engines need a way to
“crawl” the entire city and find all the stops along the way, so they use the
best path available links.
Crawling and Indexing

Crawling and indexing the billions of documents, pages, files, news, videos,
and media on the World Wide Web.
Providing Answers
Providing answers to user queries, most frequently through lists of relevant
pages that they've retrieved and ranked for relevancy.
The link structure of the web serves to bind all of the pages together.
Links allow the search engines' automated robots, called "crawlers" or
"spiders," to reach the many billions of interconnected documents on the
web. Once the engines find these pages, they decipher the code from them
and store selected pieces in massive databases, to be recalled later when
needed for a search query. To accomplish the monumental task of holding
billions of pages that can be accessed in a fraction of a second, the search
engine companies have constructed datacenters all over the world. These
monstrous storage facilities hold thousands of machines processing large
quantities of information very quickly. When a person performs a search at
any of the major engines, they demand results instantaneously; even a one-

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or two-second delay can cause dissatisfaction, so the engines work hard to
provide answers as fast as possible.
Search engines are answer machines. When a person performs an online

search, the search engine scours its corpus of billions of documents and
does two things: first, it returns only those results that are relevant or
useful to the searcher's query; second, it ranks those results according to
the popularity of the websites serving the information. It is both relevance
and popularity that the process of SEO is meant to influence.
How do search engines determine relevance and popularity?

To a search engine, relevance means more than finding a page with the right
words. In the early days of the web, search engines didn’t go much further
than this simplistic step, and search results were of limited value. Over the
years, smart engineers have devised better ways to match results to
searchers’ queries. Today, hundreds of factors influence relevance, and we’ll
discuss the most important of these in this guide. Search engines typically
assume that the more popular a site, page, or document, the more valuable
the information it contains must be. This assumption has proven fairly
successful in terms of user satisfaction with search results. Popularity and
relevance aren’t determined manually. Instead, the engines employ
mathematical equations (algorithms) to sort the wheat from the chaff
(relevance), and then to rank the wheat in order of quality (popularity).
These algorithms often comprise hundreds of variables. In the search
marketing field, we refer to them as “ranking factors.” Moz crafted a
resource specifically on this subject: You can surmise that search engines
believe that Ohio State is the most relevant and popular page for the query
“Universities” while the page for Harvard is less relevant/popular.
How Do I Get Some Success Rolling In? Or, how search marketers
succeed?

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The complicated algorithms of search engines may seem impenetrable.
Indeed, the engines themselves provide little insight into how to achieve
better results or garner more traffic. What they do provide us about
optimization and best practices is described below:
SEO Information from Google Webmaster Guidelines

Google recommends the following to get better rankings in their search
engine:
 Make pages primarily for users, not for search engines. Don't deceive
your users or present different content to search engines than you
display to users, a practice commonly referred to as "cloaking."
 Make a site with a clear hierarchy and text links. Every page should
be reachable from at least one static text link.
 Create a useful, information-rich site, and write pages that clearly and
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accurately describe your content. Make sure that your <title> elements
and ALT attributes are descriptive and accurate.
 Use keywords to create descriptive, human-friendly URLs. Provide one
version of a URL to reach a document, using 301 redirects or the
rel="canonical" attribute to address duplicate content.
SEO Information from Bing Webmaster Guidelines

Bing engineers at Microsoft recommend the following to get better rankings
in their search engine:
 Ensure a clean, keyword rich URL structure is in place.
 Make sure content is not buried inside rich media (Adobe Flash
Player, JavaScript, Ajax) and verify that rich media doesn't hide links
from crawlers.
 Create keyword-rich content and match keywords to what users are
searching for. Produce fresh content regularly.
 Don’t put the text that you want indexed inside images. For example,
if you want your company name or address to be indexed, make sure it is
not displayed inside a company logo.
5. What's the difference between a Web directory like Yahoo and a Web
search engine like Google?

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There is less difference now than there used to be, because many search
engines, including Google, have built large subject catalogues to help you
search. But think of a Web directory as a subject catalogue--something like
the subject catalogue in your local library. Yahoo started out as a directory
but is now de-emphasizing that aspect of their broadly-based business.
However, directories such as The Open Directory aka dmoz and the Google
Directory attempt to organize Web by dividing it into topics and subtopics.
Some examples include: Arts, Science, Health, Business, News,
Entertainment. If you're looking for information on the Web that fits neatly
into an obvious subject or category, go first to a web directory.
Think of a Web search engine as an index that enables you to seek out
specific words and phrases. With the search engine's help, you can locate
individual appearances of such words in documents all over the Web.
This can be both a blessing and a curse--but it's more commonly the latter!
You are likely to get far too many hits. Or you might discover that your
keyword has meanings you didn't anticipate. Rarely, you might get no hits
at all.
In brief, here's a quick run-down of some well-known general topic search
engines:
Yahoo's directory, the Google Directory, and the Open Directory Project
(dmoz) are web directories -- essentially subject indices. They began as
attempts to catalogue important/useful pages on the Web. Search on a
subject or topic. If you know exactly what subject you're searching for, and
have a good sense of how to find your subject within a hierarchies of larger
subjects, a directory is a good place to start.
Google was one of the newer search engines, but it rapidly become the
favorite. In fact, the word is commonly used as a verb, a synonym for

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searching: "I'm going to google the web to find the info I need." Google is
thorough and fast. Its technology considers pages that are linked from
many other sites to be more important than pages that only have a few links
from other sites. In other words, if many webmasters consider a website
valuable enough to create a link to it, Google considers that a good reason to
justify a high ranking for that site.
Confusingly, while Yahoo’s search functionality was for a couple of years

been based on Google. In fact, Yahoo was one of Google's investors. As of
March, 2004, however, that partnership ended, and Yahoo is now developing
their own search technology, which will probably be based on search
algorithms they obtained when they acquired Inktomi.
Meanwhile, Microsoft’s search and MSN.com have also been based on

Inktomi's technology. (Inktomi provided the technology for one of the hot
search engines of the 1990s, Hotbot. For more info on 1990s search
engines, see our historical information page for more details). Microsoft
reports that it is working to develop its own inhouse search technology to
replace Inktomi, but there is no fixed date for the cutover.
Alltheweb is also one of the newer search engines. It claims to be faster and
more efficient than other search engines, with the largest index and the
most rapid look-up times. Alltheweb has been acquired by Yahoo, and may
at some point be integrated with Inktomi.
AltaVista was the favorite of web searchers a few years ago, but Google blew
it out of the water. It still provides users with excellent search refinement
capabilities, though. Altavista has also been acquired by Yahoo.
Lycos was one of the original Web search engines, but has morphed into a
general web portal with something of a European focus (it was bought by a

Operations Developed by; Issued by: Page 100 of
127
Spanish company now called Terra/Lycos). Its actual search results are
based on the Inktomi engine.
HotBot, as noted above, was the original Inktomi-based search engine, but
has largely faded into somewhat unjustified obscurity. It was at one time
rated fastest and most accurate product for business and professional
purposes, and still is a good alternative to the more popular engines if you
are trying to track down information about a specific person.
Excite was a concept-based search engine. We wrote quite a bit about this
concept when web search was in its infancy. It was an interesting idea, but
concept-oriented search is now web history. Excite.com still maintains a
website and a directory, though.
6. How can I get a higher search engine ranking for my website?
It used to be true that if you posted a page on the Web, sooner or later the
search engines would find it and index it, as long as it's not too deep into
the particular site's hierarchy (i.e, "deep" refers to how many clicks your site
is from the site's main page).
To some extent, this may still be true. But as the Web has exploded in size,
it's obvious that less and less of it is actually being found and indexed by
search engines.

127
Self Check 2.5_1
Direction: Match column A with column B. Write the corresponding letter
only
A
1. Uniform Resource Locator
2. Protocol identifier
3. Host Name
4. Filename
5. Reference
B
a. The pathname to the file on the machine.
b. A reference to a named anchor within a resource that usually
identifies a specific location within a file (typically optional).
c. A reference (an address) to a resource on the Internet.
d. Identifies the types of protocol being used in a certain information
e. The name of the machine on which the resource lives.

127
Answer Key to Self Check 2.5_1
1. c
2. d
3. e
4. a
5. b
LEARNING OUTCOME 6
MAINTAIN COMPUTER EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEM
CONTENTS:
 Security measures
 Anti-virus software/programs
 File management
1. Procedures for ensuring security of data, including regular back-
ups and virus checks implemented in accordance with standard
operating procedures
2. Basic file maintenance procedures implemented in line with
CONDITIONS:
 Equipment:
1 unit of computer
Learning manuals
Work Instruction
Hand-outs
Operating system
Application program
METHODOLOGIES:
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Hands-on
Learning outcomes 6: Maintain Computer Equipment And System

Learning activities Special Instructions
Read information sheet 2.6_1, After reading this information sheet,
Maintain Computer Equipment And you must be able to perform
System operation sheet 2.6_1
Personal Protective Equipment you must be able answer self check
2.6_1
Removing Viruses From Infected you must be able to perform
Machines operation sheet 2.6_3
Inspecting And Testing Computer you must be able to perform Job
System And Networks sheet 2.6_4

MAINTAIN COMPUTER EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEM
Introduction:
Planning and preparing systematic maintenance procedure will save

time, money and frustration. It is a good idea and opportunity to learn the
proper care and maintenance of your computer.
PC maintenance is an important topic for anyone who owns a PC.
Looking after your PC properly ensures you of trouble-free use.
Regular PC maintenance also keeps the machine’s performance
optimal.
A. Plan Maintenance Procedures for Computer System and Networking.
1. Design a systematic maintenance plan for hardware.

 Monitoring, evaluating and updating plan.
 Place your computer in a well ventilated area.
 Schedule use of computers for its longer life.
 Move computers only when it is turned off and unplugged.
 Treat your computer properly.
 Maintain your hard disk
2. Design a systematic maintenance plan for your software.

 Backup your files
 Install or secure passwords
 Delete temporary files
 Update antivirus and spy ware
MONTHLY COMPUTER MAINTENANCE PLAN
JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

Anti virus
software
checkups
Disk space
utilization
Defragmentati
on of hard
drives
Troubleshoot
hardware and
software
issues
TYPES OF MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE:

1. Hardware maintenance is the testing and cleaning of equipment.
2. Information system maintenance is the routine updating of master
files, such as adding and deleting employees and customers and
changing credit limits and product prices
3. Software or program maintenance is the updating of application
programs in order to meet changing information requirements, such
as adding new functions and changing data formats. It also includes
fixing bugs and adapting the software to new hardware devices.
4. Disk or file maintenance is the periodic reorganizing of disk files that
have become fragmented due to continuous updating.
Work place procedures

 Identify hazards and assess risk.
 Execution of OHS policies are carried out along with the task.
Following certain procedure is very important to perform a given

operation or evolution or in reaction to a given event. The table below
shows different elements and their corresponding performance criteria
to be able to identify occupational health and safety hazards, and
assess risk, as well as follow instructions and procedure in the
workplace with minimal supervision. The students will also be
capable of participating and contributing to OHS management issues.
ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
1. Identify hazards and 1.1 Identify hazards in the work area
assess risk. and during the performance of
workplace duties.
1.2 Assess level of risk
2. Follow procedures and 2.1 Report hazards in the work area to
strategies for risk designated personnel according to
control. workplace procedures
2.2 Follow workplace procedures and
work instructions for assessing and
controlling risks with minimal
supervision.
2.3 Whenever necessary, within the
scope of responsibilities and
competencies, follow workplace
procedures for dealing with hazards
and incidents, fire and/or other
emergencies.
3. Contribute to OHS in the 3.1 Describe employee rights regarding
workplace. consultation on OHS matters
3.2 Raise task and/or job specific OHS
issues with appropriate people in
accordance with workplace
procedures and relevant OHS
legislative requirements
3.3 Contribute to participative
arrangement for OHS management
in the workplace within
organisational procedures and the
scope of responsibilities and
competencies
3.4 Provide feedback to supervisor on
hazards in work area in line with
organisational OHS policies and
ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
procedures
3.5 Provide support in implementing
procedures to control risks in
accordance with organisational
procedures
Examples of OHS issues  Hazards identified
which may need to be raised  Problems encountered in managing
by workers with designated risks associated with hazards
personnel may include:  Clarification on understanding of
OHS policies and procedures
 Communication and consultation
processes
 Follow up on reports and feedback.
 Effectiveness of risk controls in
place
 Training needs
Materials, Tools, Equipments and Testing Devices.

Tools
1. A program used for software development or system maintenance.
Virtually any program or utility that helps programmers or users
develop applications or maintain their computers can be called a tool.
Examples of programming tools are compilers, interpreters,
assemblers, 4GLs, editors, debuggers and application generators.
2. A program that helps the user analyze or search for data. For
example, query and report programs are often called query tools and
report tools.
3. An on-screen function in a graphics program; for example, a line
draw, circle draw or brush tool.
4. A software control panel for setting user preferences.
5. Sometimes, people will call any software a "tool." For example, the
phrase, "there aren't any tools to do that job" means that no
application is available to perform the required processing.
Materials
Equipment/Facilities Tools & Instruments Supplies & Materials
Server Protective eye wear Floppy disk
Computer Wire stripper with cutter Compact Disk
peripherals Pliers(Assorted)
Desktop computers Screw drivers (Assorted)
OHS guidelines Soldering iron/gun
Phil. Environmental De-soldering tool
protection standards Flashlight
Monitors Tweezers
Motherboard Mirrors
Power supply Antistatic wrist wrap
Network device and LAN Tester
cablings Crimping tool
Hubs Software installer
Switches Work bench
LAN Cards Magnifying glass
Printers and
Scanners
Routers
USB Flash Drives
OPERATION SHEET 2.6_1
Plan and Prepare Maintenance Procedure
1. Prepare/Design a daily maintenance plan for your hardware, given the

time allotment of 1 week.
MAINTENANCE TASK MON TUE WED THUR FRI

Recalibrate the battery
Clean computer case
Clean keyboard
Clean mouse
Clean screen
Clean up hard drives
2. Design a systematic daily plan for your software, given the time allotment
of 1 week.
MAINTENANCE TASK MON TUE WED THUR FRIDAY
Create an emergency
diskette
Check for viruses
Back up files
Defragment hard drive
Scan hard drive for errors
INFORMATION SHEET 2.6.2

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
There are tools and equipments used to protect the user and the computer
system.
Types of personal protective devices
1. Anti-static devices
2. Power surge protectors
3. Personal equipments
ESD (Electro Static Discharge)

-A small amount of static electricity that can destroy small parts of your
computer.
Anti-static devices
-Devices designed to protect the computer from static electricity.
Examples:
1. Anti-static wrist strap
2. Anti-static mat
3. Anti-static bag
4. Anti-static spray
Power surge protectors

-Devices designed to protect the computer from sudden power serges from
intermittent power sources.
Examples:
1. AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulators)
2. UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)
Personal Equipments
1. Small paint brush
2. Screw drivers
3. Pliers and tweezers
4. Compressed air
5. Handheld vacuum
Periodic Maintenance Scheme

Regular scheduled upkeep of your computer will keep you and you and your
computer working properly.
Daily Schedule
 Update virus and spyware definitions
 Do incremental backup – back up updated files for each date.
 Reboot upon crash- Reboot the computer to fix your pc upon crash.
 Weekly
 Full virus and spyware scan
 Complete backup of files
 Patch up –Get latest software update for your operating system.
Monthly
 Clean your PC inside and out.
 Defrag- defrag your hard drive to speed up its operation.
Yearly
 Check your programs – clean up unused programs
 Reformat your hard drive and reinstall the operating system
 Make a full diagnostic check on hardware and software
Sample Maintenance scheme
Recommended
Preventive Maintenance Activity Auto?
Frequency
Scan hard disk file systems for errors Daily Yes
Scan for viruses Daily Yes
Back up data Daily No
Clean CRT screen Weekly No
Defragment hard disks Monthly Yes
Scan for hard disk errors Weekly Yes
Clean mouse Monthly No
Check for full hard disk volumes and
Monthly No
remove unnecessary files
Update virus definition files Monthly Sometimes
Check power protection devices to
ensure they are still protecting the Quarterly No
system
Check power supply fan for ventilation
Quarterly No
and dirt buildup and clean if necessary
Back up CMOS information Quarterly No
Update emergency boot floppies Quarterly No
Clean floppy disk drive internals and Quarterly
No
read/write heads (depending on use)
Check processor temperature, inspect Annually (or
heat sink and fan to ensure they are whenever case is No
working opened)
Check hard disk for temperature and Annually (or No
whenever case is
vibration
opened)
Clean exterior of case Annually No
Clean exterior of monitor Annually No
Check and clean interior, motherboard
Annually No
and expansion cards if necessary
Check internal connections and cables Annually No
Clean keyboard Annually No
SELF CHECK 2.6_2
Write your answers on your answer sheet
1. For somebody who always works with computers, what personal

protective devices do you usually use?
2. Computers should be protected from static electricity to prevent
component malfunction. What anti-static devices can you utilize to
avoid such malfunction?
ANSWER KEY FOR SELF CHECK 2.6.2
1. Personal protective devices-The tools and equipments used to

protect the user and the computer system
2. Anti-static devices
 Anti-static wrist strap
 Anti-static mat
 Anti-static bag
 Anti-static spray
REMOVING VIRUSES FROM INFECTED MACHINES
Computer Virus
 A virus is a destructive executable program that infects the other
programs in the system and spreads by replicating itself.
 Such a program is designed to damage the victim’s computer files.
 Viruses are coded by malicious programmers in a way that they can
spread in the system without one's permission and knowledge.
Different Aspects of Computer Virus

Finder- searches for the new uninfected files and the
Replicator- actually targets these files and infects it by multiplying itself.
How do Virus Affects a System?
 It corrupts files
 It slows down the speed of the computer system
 It causes the system to hang frequently
 It deletes various files
Sources of Virus Infection
A virus can enter the system and infect it through various sources. Some of
the sources are
 Infected CDs, DVDs, pen drives, etc
 E-mail
 Browsing infected sites
 Downloading files from the internet
Steps to Remove Viruses

Removing viruses, though technical, is yet a very simple process if all the
required steps are properly followed.
The basic steps are:
 Buy or download an antivirus software
 Install the antivirus software
 Update antivirus software with the latest virus definitions
 Do a complete system scan
Methods of Eliminating Viruses

Removing the virus – When the virus can be easily identified and can be
removed without affecting other files, then the antivirus removes it from the
host place.
Quarantine – This is done when the virus cannot be easily identified
removed from the file and the removal of virus means the removal of the
complete file. In this method, although the virus is not eliminated, it is
rendered inactive by moving the file into "quarantine" and renaming it.
Types of viruses and Examples

Boot viruses: These viruses infect floppy disk boot records or master boot
records in hard disks. They replace the boot record program (which is
responsible for loading the operating system in memory) copying it
elsewhere on the disk or overwriting it. Boot viruses load into memory if the
computer tries to read the disk while it is booting.
Examples: Form, Disk Killer, Michelangelo, and Stone virus
Program viruses: These infect executable program files, such as those with
extensions like .BIN, .COM, .EXE, .OVL, .DRV (driver) and .SYS (device
driver). These programs are loaded in memory during execution, taking the
virus with them. The virus becomes active in memory, making copies of
itself and infecting files on disk.
Examples: Sunday, Cascade

Multipartite viruses: A hybrid of Boot and Program viruses. They infect
program files and when the infected program is executed, these viruses
infect the boot record.
Examples: Invader, Flip, and Tequila
Stealth viruses: These viruses use certain techniques to avoid detection.

They may either redirect the disk head to read another sector instead of the
one in which they reside or they may alter the reading of the infected file’s
size shown in the directory listing.
Examples: Frodo, Joshi, Whale

Polymorphic viruses: A virus that can encrypt its code in different ways so
that it appears differently in each infection. These viruses are more difficult
to detect.
Examples: Involuntary, Stimulate, Cascade, Phoenix, Evil, Proud, Virus 101

Macro Viruses: A macro virus is a new type of computer virus that infects
the macros within a document or template. When you open a word
processing or spreadsheet document, the macro virus is activated and it
infects the Normal template.
Examples: DMV, Nuclear, Word Concept.
Antivirus Software
Software designed to cure virus infected machines. An antivirus is a
program that searches for, identifies and removes potential viruses existing
in the computer system
Examples of Anti-virus software
 Symantec Norton antivirus
 AVG antivirus
 McAfee Scan
 Microsoft Antivirus
OPERATION SHEET 2.6.3
VIRUS REMOVAL
Equipment and Materials:
Equipment
System unit
Monitor
Keyboard and Mouse
Materials
Anti-virus Software (AVG anti-virus)
Virus removal
Provided with the necessary equipment and materials troubleshoot the

virus infected area.
You will be assessed using the following criteria

Evaluation:
CRITERIA Rating
1.Periodic maintenance is observed 20%
2. Observance of safety precautions. 20%
3. Appropriate materials are used virus removal. 30%
4. Confirmation of computers normal function. 30%
TOTAL 100%
INFORMATION SHEET2.6_4
INSPECTING AND TESTING COMPUTER SYSTEM AND NETWORKS
Resources:
Equipment/Facilities Tools & Instruments Supplies & Materials
Server Protective eye wear Floppy disk
Computer peripherals Wire stripper with cutter Compact Disk
Desktop computers Pliers(Assorted)
OHS guidelines Screw drivers (Assorted)
Phil. Environmental Soldering iron/gun
protection standards De-soldering tool
Monitors Flashlight
Motherboard Tweezers
Power supply Mirrors
Network device and Antistatic wrist wrap
cablings LAN Tester
Hubs Crimping tool
Switches Software installer
LAN Cards Work bench
Printers and Scanners Magnifying glass
Routers Allen key .05-.25
USB Flash Drives IC insertion/extraction
tool
RS-232 pin
insertion/extraction tool
JOB SHEET 2.6_4

COMPUTER SYSTEM AND NETWORK INSPECTION
Materials, Tools and Equipment
Equipment:
Computer unit
Printer
HUB
MODEM/Router
Table
Materials:
Windows XP CD installer (original software)
A. Hardware Inspection
Given the following tools, materials and equipment, perform hardware
inspection.
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

CRITERIA Rating
1. Sequence of steps. 20%
2. Observance safety precautions. 30%
3. Proper inspection of hardware components. 30%

4. Proper inspection of the printer. 20%
Total 100%
B. Network and Internet Inspection

Given the following tools, materials and equipment, perform Network
and Internet inspection.

CRITERIA Rating
3. Proper inspection of network components. 30%
4. Proper inspection of network connection. 30%
Total 100%
C. Operating System Inspection

Given the following tools, materials and equipment, perform Operating
System inspection

CRITERIA RATING
3. Proper inspection of operating system. 30%

4. Proper inspection of operating system updates. 30%
Total 100%
Reference:
1. McLaughlin,Robert, Sasser,Susan, Ralston,Mary.Fix Your Own

PC.Philippine Graphic Arts, Inc Tandang Sora St.Caloocan City
2. Meralco Faoundation. Microcomputer Servicing Plus. Pasig City,
Philippines.
3. Legaspi,Carlos, Caiña, Mark Anthony. Operate A Personal Computer.
Dasmariñas Computer Learning Center.Dasmariñas,Cavite, Philippines
4. Bigelow,Stephen J. PC Technician’s Troubleshooting ,McGaw Hill
5. www.helpwithpcs.com
6. http://en.wikipedia.org
7. www.techsoup.org
8. www.howstuffworks.com
9. www.microsoft.com/technet/network

CBLM 2 Perform Computer Operation

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CBLM 2 Perform Computer Operation

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

ACES TAGUM COLLEGE

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MODULE

Welcome to the module “Performing Computer Operations”. This

The unit of competency “Perform Computer Operations” contains the

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

Perform Date Developed:

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

After completing this module, ask your teacher to assess your

This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency in

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QUALIFICATION :COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:

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1. Requirements of tasks determined in accordance with the required

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LEARNING OUTCOME 1: Plan And Prepare For Tasks To Be Taken/

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As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the

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Hardware – is the physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a

A. Major hardware components of a computer system

System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the

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4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the

Two (2) Types of Memory

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b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data

Figure 4. Examples of RAM

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7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) -

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Table 1. The Ports and their function

VGA (Video Used to connect monitors. It

S-Video S-Video connections are

Audio Port Intended for plugging in the

Table 2. The Cables and Connectors

This type of jack is intended for the audio

S-video jack is obviously for S-Video port

This monitor jack is intended for the VGA

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This printer cable jack is intended for the

RJ45 ("RJ" in RJ45 stands for "registered

1. System Software – Any software required supporting the production or

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2. Application Software – Designed to help the user to perform singular or

a. Word processing software - Creates, edits, saves, and prints documents.

b. Spreadsheet software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows and

c. Database management software - Used to structure a database, a large

d. Graphic software - Graphics programs display results of data

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SELF CHECK 2.1_1

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In making minor hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit

a. Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools

Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring,

Examples of ESD Tools:

Anti-static mat – Used to stand on Figure 30.

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