CORE NO1 - Install Computer Systems and Networks

COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector:
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Qualification:
COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NC II
Unit of Competency:
INSTALL COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORK
Module Title:
INSTALLING COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORK
SKILL-POWER INSTITUTE CABANATUAN

L-Z Building, Central Transport Terminal DS. Garcia Cabanatuan City
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING
MATERIAL (CBLM)
Welcome to the module in Installing Computer System and Network. This module
contains training materials and activities for you to accomplish.
The unit of competency “Install Computer System and Network”, contains the
knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Computer Hardware Servicing NCII.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

each learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome, there are reference
materials or instructional sheets for further reading to help you better understand the
required activities. Follow the activities at your own pace and answer the self-check at the
end of each learning outcome. If you have questions, please feel free to ask for the
assistance of your trainer/facilitator.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency: Install
Computer System and Network. This will be the source of information for you to acquire
the knowledge and skills in this particular module with minimum supervision or help from
your trainor. With the aid of this material, you will acquire the competency independently
and at your own pace.
Read through the module carefully. It is divided into sections which covers all the
skills and knowledge you need to successfully complete in this module.
Work through all the information and complete the activities in each section. Do
what is asked in the INSTRUCTIONAL SHEET (OPERATION SHEET,or JOB SHEET ) and
complete the SELF-CHECK.
Most probably, your trainor will also be your supervisor or manager. He is there to
support you and show you the correct way to do things. Ask for help.
You will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and practice on the job.
Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work shifts. This way, you will
improve both your speed and memory and also your confidence.
Talk to more experienced workmates and ask for their guidance.
Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your own progress.
When you are ready, ask your trainor to watch you perform the activities outlined in
the module.
As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your progress. Your
trainor gives feedback/pre-assessment reports for this reason. When you have successfully
completed each element or learning outcome, ask your trainor to mark on the reports that
you are ready for assessment.
SKILL-POWER Computer Hardware Date Developed: Document No.

INSTITUTE Servicing July 292012 Issued by:
CABANATUA Page 1 of 129
N Installing Computer Developed by:
Systems and ARVIE JAY LAPIG
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When you have completed this module (several modules) and feel confident that
you have had sufficient practice, your trainer will arrange an appointment to qualified
trainor to assess/evaluate you. The result of your assessment/evaluation will be recorded in
your Progress Chart and Accomplishment Chart.
You need to complete this module before you can perform the next module, Diagnose and
troubleshoot computer systems.
COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NCII
Competency
Unit of Competency Module Title Code
Number
Install computer systems and Installing computer systems
1 ELC724318
networks and networks
Diagnose and troubleshoot Diagnosing and troubleshoot
2 ELC724319
computer systems computer systems

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and networks and networks
Maintain computer systems Maintaining computer systems
4 ELC724321
and networks and networks
MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Install computer systems and networks
MODULE TITLE : Installing computer systems and networks
MODULE DESCRIPTOR :
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitude in Installing Computer
Systems and Network. It provides competency based training regarding planning and
preparing installation, installing computer peripherals and equipment, and conducting test
to a newly installed device.
NOMINAL DURATION : 60 hours
LEARNING OUTCOMES :
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Upon completion of this module the students/trainees must be able to:
LO1. Plan and prepare for installation
LO2. Install equipment/device system
LO3. Conduct test
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
 Installation planned and prepared to ensure that safety measures, policies and
procedures followed, and that work is appropriately sequenced in accordance
with the industry standards
 Technical personnel consulted to ensure that the work coordinated effectively

with others involved on the worksite
 Computer systems and network devices obtained in accordance with the

established procedures and to comply with requirements
 Location where devices and systems to be installed is determined from job

requirements
 Materials necessary to complete the work obtained in accordance with

established procedures and checked against job requirements
 Tools, equipment and testing devices needed to carry out the installation work
obtained in accordance with established procedures and checked for correct
operation and safety

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 Preparatory work checked to ensure that no unnecessary damage has occurred
and that work complies with requirements
 Standard procedures for OHS in installing devices/systems are followed.
 Operating systems/ devices are installed according to workplace standards.
 Modification and innovation of devices/systems are done during installation with

the consent of the client.
 Installation of the devices/systems are carried out in consonance with the unit of
specification
 Unplanned events or conditions are carried out following the unit of specification
and procedure.
 Approval obtained before any contingencies are implemented based on

established procedure.
 Standard testing procedures are strictly followed for the newly installed
device/system.
 OH&S policies are strictly followed resulting to no lost time injury.
 Specified testing procedures for circuit and system are carried out.
 Installed devices/systems are protected against loss/damage in accordance with

established standard
 Approval is obtained before any validation or testing is employed.
 Installation proceedings, devices/systems test conforms with specified

requirements.
 Every device system noticed to cause malfunction of the system is removed,

tested and returned to pretest condition in accordance with the established
procedures.
 Final inspection, testing and validation are undertaken to ensure quality

performance of the system.
 Documentation of the performed job is submitted to a laboratory teacher

following the format given.

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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
LEARNING OUTCOME #1 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION
CONTENTS:
 Safety procedures
 Basic terms, concepts, functions and characteristics of PC hardware
components
 Introduction to computer operating systems
 Familiarization with the various computer systems’ components and
peripherals
 System configuration/ settings of computer systems and devices
1. Installation planned and prepared to ensure that safety measures, policies and
procedures followed, and that work is appropriately sequenced in accordance
with the industry standards
2. Technical personnel consulted to ensure that the work coordinated effectively
with others involved on the worksite
3. Computer systems and network devices obtained in accordance with the
established procedures and to comply with requirements
4. Location where devices and systems to be installed is determined from job
requirements
5. Materials necessary to complete the work obtained in accordance with
established procedures and checked against job requirements
6. Tools, equipment and testing devices needed to carry out the installation work
obtained in accordance with established procedures and checked for correct

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operation and safety
7. Preparatory work checked to ensure that no unnecessary damage has
occurred and that work complies with requirements
CONDITIONS:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
1. CBLM
2. Personal Protective equipment ( ex. protective eyewear, anti static wrist wrap)
3. Electronic laboratory hand tools (assorted pliers, assorted screw drivers,
soldering iron & desoldering tool)
4. LAN tester
5. Crimping tools
6. RS 232 pin exertion/ extraction tool
7. Flashlights
8. Mirror (inspection)
9. Hand-outs
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Hands-on
 Direct observation
 Practical demonstration

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 1
PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION
Learning Activities Special Instruction

Read and understand the information
Read Information Sheet 1.1-1 sheet. Don’t hesitate to approach your
(OHS Policies and Procedures) facilitator if you encounter problems on
some contents of the information sheet.
Compare answers with the answer key. You
Perform Self Check Sheet 1.1-1 are required to get all answers correct. If
not, read the information sheets again to
answer all questions correctly.
(Basic Terms, Concepts, Functions and facilitator if you encounter problems on
Characteristics Of PC Hardware some contents of the information sheet.
Components)
(Introduction to Operating System) facilitator if you encounter problems on
Evaluate your own work using the
Perform Operation Sheet 1.1-3 Performance Criteria
(Entering Safe Mode) Present your work to your
(Familiarization with the various computer facilitator if you encounter problems on
systems’ components and peripherals)
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Perform Operation Sheet 1.1-4 Performance Criteria
(Windows XP Restoration Using System Present your work to your
Restore)

Perform Job Sheet 1.1-4 Performance Criteria
(Windows XP System Restore in Safe Mode) Present your work to your
After doing all the activities of this LO, you

are ready to proceed to the next LO on
Diagnosing and troubleshooting computer
systems.
TECHNICAL TERMS

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 AVR-(Automatic Voltage Regulator) is designed to automatically maintain a
constant voltage level.
 Metropolitan Area Network – is a network that spans no more than 50 miles. It
is design to connect LANs spanning a town or city
 Motherboard – contains the CPU, BIOS, Memory, mass storage interfaces, serial
and parallel ports, expansion slot and all the controllers required to control
standard peripheral devices such as the display screen, keyboard and disk drive
 Modem - (Modulator-Demodulator) The modem is a device that allows a given
computer to share data or otherwise a device which let computers exchange
information
 Multimedia - is the combination of different types of communication media
(sound, print, video, and so on)
 Multi-tester- is an instrument use to measure voltage, current and resistance.
 NIC – Network Interface Card – The PC expansion board that plug into a personal
computer or server and works with the network operating system to control the
flow of information over the network.
 Network – is a communications system connecting two or more computers.
 Network Bridge – divides network into smaller, more manageable sections

helping reduce network traffic.
 Network Hub - a hardware device that all PCs on a network are connected to by
cabling. The hub manages receiving and transmitting data from networked
services.
 Network Server- is a powerful computer whose sole purpose is to serve network
clients.
 Network Switch – It helps determine how data moves over large networks.
 OHS – Occupational Health and Safety
 Operating System (OS) -software that controls the allocation and use of
programs and data that a computer uses.
 Passive Hubs – simply connects various cables
 Active Hubs – amplify or boost signals
 Anti-Static – A product that prevents the build up of static electricity

 BIOS – Basic Input/output System, chip that controls the most basic functions of
the computer and performs a self-test every time you turn it on.
 Flash drive– RAM that can retain data without electrical power. It is widely used
for BIOS chips and for digital camera and digital music storage.
 Graphic tablet – objects are drawn using a pen or a puck. The puck is technically
a tablet cursor, not a mouse.
 Hard-disk drive – is a storage device that stores billions of characters of data on a
none-removable disk.
 Hardware- refers to the tangible (things you can touch) components of a
computer system. Hardware components are further divided into three groups
namely
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 Host – any computer whether mainframe, server, or even PC that acts as an
information source on a network.
 LAN Card – Local area network interface card.
 Local Area Network- the smallest of the three network types, consist of PCs
connected together within a limited area, such as within the same building, floor
or department.
 Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many
hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
 Metropolitan Area Network – are network that spans no more than 50 miles. It
is design to connect LANs spanning a town or city
 Microcomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of
users simultaneously.
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1

“OHS Policies and Procedures”
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to identify and apply
OHS policies and procedures in Computer Hardware Servicing.

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Occupational Health and Safety Policy
Occupational health and safety is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the
safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work. The goal of all occupational health
and safety programs is to foster a safe work environment. As a secondary effect, it may also
protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities,
and other members of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment. It may
involve interactions among many subject areas, including occupational medicine,
occupational (or industrial) hygiene, public health, safety engineering, chemistry, health
physics.
Safety practices should be learned early and always adhered to when working with any
electrical device, including personal computers and peripherals. This is for the protection of
not only the people working with them, but also for the devices themselves. The basis for
this process begins with your Occupational Health and Safety Policies.
Safety Precautions (OHS) Related to Computer Hardware Servicing
While working inside your computer, do not attempt to service the computer except as
explained in this guide and elsewhere in product documentation. Always follow the
instructions closely.
Computer equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be injured or even killed if
you don’t follow proper safety guidelines when working along PC’s. The following are some
precautionary measures to take before/while working with any computer equipment:
1. Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with organization OHS
procedures and practices.
2. Always discharge body’s static charge before touching any part of the computer.
3. Be careful with tools that may cause short circuit.
4. Take off any metal objects on your arms or fingers such as bracelets, rings or
watches.
5. Wear rubber sole shoes when standing on the ground or in a concrete floor.
6. Fully shut down and unplug the computer before you make any attempts to
disassemble the tower.
7. Hold the components by the edges and do not touch the IC’s.
8. Do not use excessive force if things don’t quite slip into place.
9. Make sure your hands are completely dry to avoid damaging any mechanical parts as
well as to avoid electrocution.
10. Don’t eat or drinks while working.
11. Use Antistatic Wrist Strap
12. Use Antistatic Mat
13. Use Antistatic Bag
While you work, periodically touch an unpainted metal surface on the computer chassis to
dissipate any static electricity that might harm internal components.

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In addition, it is recommended that you periodically review the safety instructions in your
System Information Guide.
ESD (Electrostatic Discharge)
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the release of static electricity when two objects come into
contact. ESD happens when two objects of dissimilar charge come in contact with one
another. This charge can, and often does, damage electronic components.
Lowest static voltage transfer that you can feel is around 3,000 volts (it doesn’t electrocute
you because there is extremely little current). A static transfer that you can see is at least
10,000 volts! Just by sitting in a chair, you can generate around 100 volts of static electricity.
It would make sense that these thousands of volts would damage computer components.
However, a component can be damaged with as little as 80 volts! That means, if your body
has a small charge built up in it, you could damage a component without even realizing it.
Anti stati c Wrist Strap
The first, and easiest, one to implement is the

antistatic wrist strap, also referred to as an ESD
strap. The ESD strap works by attaching one end to
an earth ground (typically the ground pin on an
extension cord) and wrapping the other end
around your wrist. This strap grounds your body
and keeps it at a zero charge.
Anti stati c Bags for Parts
Antistatic bags are important tools to have at your

disposal when servicing electronic
components because they protect the sensitive
electronic devices from stray static charges. The
bags are designed so that the static charges collect
on the outside of the bags rather than on the
electronic components.
ESD Stati c Mats
It is possible for a device to be damaged by simply

laying it on a bench top. For this reason, you
should have an ESD mat in addition to an ESD
strap. This mat drains excess charge away from any
item coming in contact with it.

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SELF-CHECK 1.1-1
ENUMERATION
Directions: Enumerate at least 10 Occupation health and Safety (OHS) policies and
procedures related to CHS.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

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9.
10.
Answer Key 1.1-1

Occupation health and Safety (OHS) policies and procedures related to CHS.
Any of the Flowing
 Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with organization

OHS procedures and practices.
 Always discharge body’s static charge before touching any part of the computer.
 Be careful with tools that may cause short circuit.
 Take off any metal objects on your arms or fingers such as bracelets, rings or
watches.
 Wear rubber sole shoes when standing on the ground or in a concrete floor.
 Fully shut down and unplug the computer before you make any attempts to
disassemble the tower.
 Hold the components by the edges and do not touch the IC’s.
 Do not use excessive force if things don’t quite slip into place.
 Make sure your hands are completely dry to avoid damaging any mechanical parts
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as well as to avoid electrocution.
 Don’t eat or drinks while working.
 Use Antistatic Wrist Strap
 Use Antistatic Mat
 Use Antistatic Bag

“Basic Terms, Concepts, Functions and Characteristics of PC
Hardware Components and Peripherals”
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to identify the
Basic Terms, Concepts, Functions and Characteristics of PC Hardware
Components
TYPES OF COMPUTER
Workstation
A workstation is a high-end personal computer designed for technical or

scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used by one person at a
time, they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-
user operating systems.
Desktop Computer
Desktop computers come in a variety of styles ranging from large vertical

tower cases to small form factor models that can be tucked behind an LCD
monitor. In this sense, the term 'desktop' refers specifically to a
horizontally-oriented case, usually intended to have the display screen
placed on top to save space on the desk top. Most modern desktop
computers have separate screens and keyboards.
Single Unit
Single unit PCs (also known as all-in-one PCs) is a subtype of desktop

computers, which combine the monitor and case of the computer within a
single unit.

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Nettop
A subtype of desktops, called nettops, was introduced by Intel in February

2008 to describe low-cost, lean-function, desktop computers.
Laptop
A laptop computer or simply laptop, also called a notebook computer or

sometimes a notebook, is a small personal computer designed for
portability.
Netbook
Netbooks (also called mini notebooks or subnotebooks) are a rapidly

evolving category of small, light and inexpensive laptop computers suited for
general computing and accessing web-based applications; they are often
marketed as "companion devices," that is, to augment a user's other
computer access.
Tablet PC
A tablet PC is a notebook or slate-shaped mobile computer, first introduced

by Pen computing in the early 90s with their PenGo Tablet Computer and
popularized by Microsoft. Its touchscreen or graphics tablet/screen hybrid
technology allows the user to operate the computer with a stylus or digital
pen, or a fingertip, instead of a keyboard or mouse.
Ultra-Mobile PC
The ultra-mobile PC (UMPC) is a specification for a small form factor of

tablet PCs. It was developed as a joint development exercise by Microsoft,
Intel, and Samsung, among others. Current UMPCs typically feature the
Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Linux operating system and
low-voltage Intel Atom or VIA C7-M processors.
Pocket PC
A pocket PC is a hardware specification for a handheld-sized computer (personal

digital assistant) that runs the Microsoft Windows Mobile operating system. It
may have the capability to run an alternative operating system like NetBSD or
Linux. It has many of the capabilities of modern desktop PCs.
Computer case

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A computer case is the enclosure that contains the main components of a computer. Cases
are usually constructed from steel or aluminium, although other materials such as wood and
plastic have been used. Cases can come in many different sizes, or form factors.
Processor
The central processing unit, or CPU, is that part of a computer which

executes software program instructions. In older computers this
circuitry was formerly on several printed circuit boards, but in PCs is a
single integrated circuit. Nearly all PCs contain a type of CPU known as a
microprocessor. with a fan attached via heat sink.
Motherboard
The motherboard, also referred to as system board or mainboard, is the

primary circuit board within a personal computer.
Main memory
A PC's main memory is fast storage that is directly accessible by

the CPU, and is used to store the currently executing program
and immediately needed data.
Hard disk
Mass storage devices store programs and data even when the
power is off; they do require power to perform read and write
functions during usage. Although flash memory has dropped in
cost, the prevailing form of mass storage in personal computers is
still the hard disk.
Video card
The video card - otherwise called a graphics card, graphics

adapter or video adapter - processes and renders the graphics
output from the computer to the computer display, and is an
essential part of the modern computer.
Visual display unit
A visual display unit (or monitor) is a piece of electrical equipment,

usually separate from the computer case, which displays viewable
images generated by a computer without producing a permanent
record.
Keyboard

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In computing, a keyboard is an arrangement of buttons that each correspond to a function,
letter, or number. They are the primary devices of inputting text.
Mouse
A Mouse on a computer is a small device that users hold and slide

around to point at, click on, and sometimes drag objects on screen
in a graphical user interface using a pointer on screen.
OTHER COMPONENTS
Mass storage
All computers require either fixed or removable storage for their operating system,
programs and user generated material.
Formerly the 5¼ inch and 3½ inch floppy drive were the principal forms of removable
storage for backup of user files and distribution of software.
Computer communications
 Internal modem card

 Modem
 Network adapter card
 Router
Common peripherals and adapter cards
 Headset
 Joystick
 Microphone
 Printer
 Scanner
 Speakers
 Webcam
 LAN Card – is a network interface card. This is a computer circuit board or card that
is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network.
 Modem - (Modulator-Demodulator) The modem is a device that allows a given
computer to share data or otherwise a device which let computers exchange
information
 USB – Universal Serial Bus, a hardware interface for low-speed peripherals such as
the keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner, printer and telephony devices.
 Scanner- it is an input device that read text or illustration printed on paper,
translates the information into a form that a computer can use.
 Printer - it is a piece of hardware that produces a paper copy (also known as
‘hardcopy’) of the information generated by the computer.

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 BIOS – Basic Input/Output System, chip that controls the most basic functions of the
computer and performs a self-test every time you turn it on.
 Flash drive– RAM that can retain data without electrical power. It is widely used for
BIOS chips and for digital camera and digital music storage.
SELF-CHECK 1.1-2
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Choose the best answer of the given choices. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering.
1. It is a high end personal computer designed for technical or scientific applications.

Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time, they are commonly connected to
a local area network and run multi-user operating systems.
A. Work Station
B. Nettop
C. Laptop
D. Tablet PC
2. It is a small personal computer designed for portability. Usually all of the interface
hardware needed to operate this computer, such as USB ports (previously parallel and
serial ports), graphics card, sound channel, etc., are built in to a single unit.
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A. Work Station
B. Nettop
C. Laptop
D. Tablet PC
3. It is a convergence device that combines the functions of a personal computer and a

digital video recorder.
A. Work Station
B. Home theater PC
C. Laptop
D. Tablet PC
4. It is a hardware specification for a handheld-sized computer (personal digital assistant)

that runs the Microsoft Windows Mobile operating system.
A. Work Station
B. Home theater PC
C. Laptop
D. Pocket PC
5. It is also called mini notebooks or subnotebooks and are a rapidly evolving category of
small, light and inexpensive laptop computers suited for general computing and
accessing web-based applications
A. Netbook
B. Home theater PC
C. Work Station
D. Pocket PC
ANSWER KEY 1.1-2
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. A

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“Introduction to Computer Operating System”
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to be familiar with
the common structure of Operating System.
SOFTWARE
Microsoft Word 2013 Software Screenshot
Computer software is a general term used to describe a collection of computer programs,

procedures and documentation that perform some tasks on a computer system. The term
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includes application software such as word processors which perform productive tasks for
users, system software such as operating systems, which interface with hardware to provide
the necessary services for application software, and middleware which controls and co-
ordinates distributed systems.
OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating system or OS, is a software program that enables the computer hardware to
communicate and operate with the computer software. It is the first program loaded into a
computer prior to software application installation.
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows 8
Windows 7, the latest client version in the Microsoft Windows line Microsoft Windows is the
collective brand name of several software operating systems by Microsoft. Microsoft first
introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to
MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). The most
recent client version of Windows is Windows 78 and Windows Server 2008 R2.

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Mac OS X
Mac OS X Snow Leopard desktop

Mac OS X is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple
Inc.. Mac OS X is the successor to the original Mac OS, which had been Apple's primary
operating system since 1984. Unlike its predecessors, Mac OS X is a Unix-based graphical
operating system.
Linux
A Linux distribution (ubuntu) running the KDE 4 desktop environment.
Linux is a family of Unix-like computer operating systems. Linux is one of the most
prominent examples of free software and open source development: typically all underlying
source code can be freely modified, used, and redistributed by anyone. [33] The name "Linux"
comes from the Linux kernel, started in 1991 by Linus Torvalds.
APPLICATIONS
Adobe Photoshop CS6
A computer user will apply application software to carry out a specific task. System software
supports applications and provides common services such as memory management,
network connectivity, or device drivers; all of which may be used by applications but which
are not directly of interest to the end user.

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DRIVERS
More commonly known as a driver, a device driver is a group of files that enable one or
more hardware devices to communicate with the computer's operating system. Without
drivers, a hardware device such as a computer printer would not be able to work with the
computer.
If a driver conflict is present, this means that something is wrong with the driver and
Windows cannot properly utilize your hardware. You can detect these driver conflicts by
entering the Windows Device Manager and then scanning for recent changes to that specific
piece of hardware.
SAFE MODE
On a Windows computer, Safe Mode is a software mode that enables users who

use Microsoft Windows 95,98, ME, 2000, XP, Vista, and 7 computers enter safely into
Windows and correct any problems that may be preventing them from entering Normal
mode. What makes Safe Mode different from normal mode, is that it uses Windows default
drivers and settings. This helps users correct any issues preventing them from getting into
normal mode. Safe mode was first introduced in Microsoft Windows 95 and is available in all
versions of Microsoft Windows except Microsoft Windows 3.x, Windows NT 3.0, and
Windows NT 4.0.
There are four options of in using safe mode:
 Safe Mode - This is the default option and is usually the best choice. This mode will
load only the absolute minimum processes necessary to start Windows XP.
 Safe Mode with Networking - This option loads the same processes as Safe Mode
but also includes those that allow the networking functions in Windows XP to work. This
is valuable if you may need to access the Internet or your local network while
troubleshooting in Safe Mode.
 Safe Mode with Command Prompt - This flavor of Safe Mode also loads a minimum
set of processes but will allow access to a command prompt.

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SELF CHECK 1.1-3
Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the best answer of the given choices. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering.
1. It is a general term used to describe a collection of computer programs, procedures and

documentation that perform some tasks on a computer system.
A. Hardware
B. Software
C. Utility
D. Application
2. It manages computer resources and provides programmers with an interface used to
access those resources.
A. Operating System
B. Software
C. Utility
D. Application
3. It is one of the most prominent examples of free software and open source development
operating system.
A. Linux
B. Software
C. Utility
D. Application
4. It is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc..
A. Linux
B. Mac OS X
C. Windows
D. Application
5. It is the collective brand name of several software operating systems by Microsoft.
A. Linux
B. Mac OS X
C. Windows
D. Application
ANSWER KEY 1.1-3

1. B
2. A
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3. A
4. B
5. C
Operation Sheet 1.1-3
Title:
Entering Safe Mode
Performance Objective:
Given a properly configured PC, you must be able boot the computer to safe mode.

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Supplies/Materials:
Properly configured PC, AVR.
Steps/Procedures:
Step 1. Power-on your unit.
Step 2. When BIOS startup message displayed press F8.
Step 3. You should now see the Windows Advanced Options Menu screen. If not, you may
have missed the small window of opportunity to press F8 from Step #1 and Windows
XP is probably now continuing to boot normally if it's able to. If this is the case, just
restart your computer and try pressing F8 again.

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Step 4. Use the arrow keys on your keyboard to highlight Safe Mode option and press Enter.
Step 5. The windows will load the necessary files. Wait until the welcome screen appears.
Step 6. When the dialog box shown below appears, click on Yes to enter Safe Mode.

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Step 7. Notice the caption “safe mode” on every side of the screen. You successfully entered
to safe mode!
Step 8. Present your work to your trainer.
Assessment Method:
Serviced Computer Assessment using Performance Criteria Checklist
Performance Criteria Checklist


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Trainee’s Name: Date:
CRITERIA YES NO
The unit successfully started.
The booting process is not disturbed by power interruption.
The caption “safe mode” appears on the desktop area.
“System Configuration / Settings of computer system and

devices”
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Learning Objective:
System Configuration / Settings of computer system and devices.
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
System Configuration Utility overview

The System Configuration utility automates the routine troubleshooting steps that Microsoft
Customer Support Services professionals use when they diagnose system configuration
issues. When you use this utility to modify the system configuration, you can select check
boxes to eliminate issues that do not apply to your configuration. This process reduces the
risk of typing errors that you may make when you use any text editor, such as Notepad. You
must be logged on as an administrator or as a member of the Administrators group to use
the System Configuration utility.
When you use the System Configuration utility, you can easily reset or change the
configuration settings in Windows to include preferences for the following files and settings:
 The System.ini file
 The Win.ini file
 The Boot.ini file
 Programs that are set to load during the startup process (these programs are
specified in the Startup folder and in the registry)
 Environment settings
 International settings
System Restore is the most frequent method for troubleshooting configuration issues by
using the System Configuration utility.
SYSTEM RESTORE
System restore is the process of restoring your computer system in its previous state. You
can use the System Configuration utility to perform a system restore. There are three
possible restore points:
 System checkpoints that Windows schedules

 Manual restore points that you specify with the System Configuration utility
 Installation restore points that occur before you install a program or a service
You can use the system checkpoints or the installation restore points to restore your
computer's settings to a date when it operated correctly. This may also help determine the
cause of the configuration error.
Assigning Resources to Devices
Many devices have fixed resource assignments that cannot be changed. In addition, it is
generally best not to change (or try to change) the resource settings for standard devices
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like IDE hard disk controllers unless you both really know what you are doing and there is a
compelling reason to change them. The following devices usually have hard-coded resource
settings that cannot be changed: system devices, keyboard, PS/2 mouse, floppy disk
controller, primary IDE controller, video card. Others can generally be changed, although it
makes more sense for some devices than for others.
There are several different ways that are generally used to set or change resource settings
for devices:
 Hardware Settings: Resource assignments on some cards, especially older ones, is

done by hardware on the device itself. This involves changing the settings of jumpers
and switches, usually on the circuit board of the device, to tell it what resources to
use.
 Software Configuration Programs: Many newer cards are configured using special
software config programs that come with them.
 Plug and Play: Newer devices that subscribe to the Plug and Play standards can be
automatically configured under certain conditions when used in a machine that
supports Plug and Play, with an operating system that supports it. Plug and Play is an
attempt to eliminate the large amount of work in assigning resources to devices and
resolving conflicts.
Tip: It is always a good idea, once you have your system configured in a way that makes sense and
works for you, to record the system configuration for future reference.
Resource Conflicts and Conflict Resolution
As discussed in several other areas of this section, one of the major issues with system
resources is configuring your system's devices so that they don't interfere with each other.
When more than one device attempts to use the same resource, the result is a resource
conflict.
The Nature of Resource Conflicts
Resource conflicts can manifest themselves in several different ways. Some conflicts can be
very easy to recognize; others can be extremely difficult to find and correct, because they
manifest themselves indirectly, or through symptoms that may not seem to have anything
to do with the device causing the problem. Here are some of the ways that resource
conflicts manifest themselves. Some of these may be consistent and repeatable, while
others may be intermittent:
 System hangs or lockups, particularly while using a peripheral device.

 (Memory) parity errors on parity-enabled systems.
 Noise or other problems from sound cards.
 Junk being printed on your printer.
 The mouse pointer hanging and refusing to move, or moving in a stuttering fashion.
 Errors and crashes of applications for no apparent reason.
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As you can see, some of these obviously point to a resource problem, but many do not. For
example, system crashes can be caused by many non-resource-related factors. If your
mouse works until you try to use your modem, well, you can probably figure out what the
problem is, or at least where to start looking. In general, if you just added a new peripheral
to your PC and a resource conflict is indicated, the new device is almost certainly involved
somehow.
Resource Conflict Resolution
If you suspect a resource conflict in your PC, you of course need to resolve this conflict. This
can be easy to do if you know where to start looking, or very hard if you do not. There are
some general steps that can be followed to fix this sort of problem. In very brief terms the
steps are:
 Determine what all the devices in the system are using for resources.
 Identify the conflicting devices.
 Change the resource settings on one or more of the
devices so they are no longer conflicting.
Using the Windows XP Control Panel
The Control Panel in Windows XP is where many of your

administrative and configuration tools are located. Other
versions of Windows have a Control Panel as well but we will focus on Windows XP since
that is what the majority of Windows users use. To get to the Control Panel click on Start
and then Control Panel or Start, Settings, Control Panel depending on what Start Menu you
are using.
Now we will go over the functions of the various Control Panel icons so you can get an idea
of what they are for and how you can use them to improve your Windows experience.
Accessibility Options - Here you can change settings for your keyboard, mouse, display and
sound.
Add Hardware - This will open the Add Hardware Wizard which will search your computer
for new hardware that you have installed when Windows does not recognize it on its own.
Add or Remove Programs - If you need to install or uninstall any software on your
computer, this is where you will do it. You should always uninstall software rather than
delete it from your hard drive.
Administrative Tools - This section of your Control Panel is used for administrative functions
such as managing your computer, monitoring performance, editing your security policy and
administering your computer's services.

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Automatic Updates - Here is where you tell Windows how and when to update itself. You
can control whether or not it downloads updates automatically or at all and when you want
them installed or to ask you before installing them.
Bluetooth Devices - If you are using any Bluetooth devices on your computer here is where
you can add, remove and manage them.
Date and Time - This one explains itself. You can set your computer's date, time and
regional settings here.
Display - The display settings allow you to change the way things appear on the screen. You
can adjust items like the screen resolution and color depth. Here is where you can select
your background wallpaper and setup your screensaver.
Folder Options - This is where you can adjust the way you view your files and folders from
within My Computer or Windows Explorer.
Fonts - The Fonts applet allows you to add, remove and manage fonts on your computer. It
will show you what fonts are installed in your system.
Game Controllers - If you use a joystick, steering wheel or any other type of game controller
you can use this section to add, remove and troubleshoot the devices.
Internet Options - If you use Internet Explorer for your web browser you will go here to
change settings such for history, connections and security among other things.
Keyboard - Here you can adjust settings such as how fast the keyboard will repeat a
character when a key is held down and the cursor blink rate.
Mail - The Mail applet lets you adjust your properties for your Outlook or Exchange email
settings.
Mouse - Here you can adjust your mouse setting for features such as double click speed,
button assignment and scrolling. You can also change your mouse pointers and effects as
well as view details about your mouse.
Network Connections - This item is where you can check and adjust your network
connection settings. It will take you to the same place as if you were to right click My
Network Places and choose properties. It will show all of your active network, dialup and
wireless connections. There is also a New Connection Wizard to help you setup a new
connection.
Phone and Modem Options - If you have a modem installed on your system and use it for
dialup connections or faxing you can change the settings here. The Dialing Rules tab allows
you to change settings for things such as dialing a number to get an outside line and setting
up carrier codes for long distance and using calling cards. The Modems tab allows you to

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add, remove and changed the properties for installed modems. The Advanced tab is for
setting up telephony providers.
Power Options - Here is where you adjust the power settings of your computer. Windows
has built in power schemes for different settings such as when to turn off the monitor or
hard drives and when to go into standby mode. You can even create your own schemes and
save them. The advanced tab allows you to assign a password to bring the computer out of
standby and tell the computer what to do when the power or sleep buttons are pressed. If
you want to enable hibernation or configure an attached UPS then you can do it here as
well. This area can also be accessed from the display properties settings under the
Screensaver tab.
Printers and Faxes - This area is where your printers are installed and where you would go
to manage their settings. It's the same area that is off of the Start menu. There is an add
printer wizard which makes it easy to install new printers. To manage a printer you would
simply right click it and select properties.
Regional and Language Options - If you need to have multiple languages or formats for
currency, date and time you can manage them here.
Scanners and Cameras - Windows provides a central place to manage your attached
scanners and camera and adjust their settings. There is even a wizard to add new devices to
make the process of installing a scanner or camera easier.
Scheduled Tasks - This item provides the ability for you to schedule certain programs to run
at certain times of the day. For example if you have a batch file you want to run every night
you can set it up here. You can also have it run a program at any scheduled interval you
choose. There is a handy wizard to help you through the process.
Security Center - The Windows Security Center checks the status of your computer for the
stats of your firewall, virus protection and automatic updates. A firewall helps protect your
computer by preventing unauthorized users from gaining access to it through a network or
the Internet. Antivirus software can help protect your computer against viruses and other
security threats. With Automatic Updates, Windows can routinely check for the latest
important updates for your computer and install them automatically.
Sounds and Devices - Here is where you can adjust your sound and speaker settings. The
Volume tab has settings to mute your system, have a volume icon placed in the taskbar and
tell your computer what type of speakers you are using such as a 5.1 system. The sounds tab
lets you adjust what sounds occur for what windows events. If you need to change what
device is used for playback and recording you can do it under the Audio tab. Voice playback
and recording settings are under the Voice tab. To troubleshoot your sound device you can
use the Hardware tab. This is where you can get information about your particular sound
device.

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Speech Properties - Windows has a feature for text to speech translation where the
computer will read text from documents using a computer voice that you can hear through
your speakers. The type of voice and speed of the speech can be adjusted here.
System - If you have ever right clicked My Computer and selected Properties then you have
used the System feature of Control Panel. This area gives you information about your
computer's configuration, name and network status. You can click on the Hardware tab to
view details about hardware profiles and driver signing as well as get to Device Manager.
The Advanced tab lets you change settings for virtual memory (page files) and other
performance settings. There is also an area to change startup and recovery settings if
needed. If you want to enable remote access to your computer for Remote Desktop or
Remote Assistance you can enable it here.
Taskbar and Start Menu - This is where you change the setting for your taskbar and Start
menu..
User Accounts - If you need to manage your local computer users then here is where you
need to go. You can add remove users and change the account types for users who log into
your system.
SELF-CHECK 1.1-4
A. Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the best answer of the given choices. Use a separate sheet of
paper in answering.
1. Starts Windows in the usual manner.

A. Normal Startup
B. Diagnostic startup
C. Selective startup
D. Safe Mode
2. Starts Windows with basic services and drivers only. This mode can help rule out basic
Windows files as the problem.
A. Normal Startup
D. Safe Mode
3. Starts Windows with basic services and drivers and the other services and startup
programs that you select.
A. Normal Startup
D. Safe Mode
4. Here you can change settings for your keyboard, mouse, display and sound.
A. Accessibility Options
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B. Add or Remove Programs
C. Administrative Tools
D. Folder Options
5. You can set your computer's date, time and regional settings here.
A. Accessibility Options
C. Date and Time
D. Folder Options
6. Here is where you adjust the power settings of your computer.
A. Power Options
C. Date and Time
D. Folder Options
7. This item provides the ability for you to schedule certain programs to run at certain times
of the day.
A Scanners and Cameras
C. Date and Time
D. Scheduled Tasks
8. This area gives you information about your computer's configuration, name and network
status.
A. System
C. Date and Time
D. Scheduled Tasks
9. If you need to manage your local computer users then here is where you need to go.
A. System
C. User Accounts
D. Scheduled Tasks
10. This area is where your printers are installed and where you would go to manage their
settings.
A. Printers and Faxes
C. User Accounts
D. Scheduled Task

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ANSWER KEY 1.1-4
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. A

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OPERATION SHEET 1.1-4
Title:
Windows XP Restoration Using System Restore
Given a properly configured PC, you must be able to restore the computer to its previous
state.
Supplies/Materials:
Properly configured PC with restore points, AVR.
Steps/Procedures:
Step 9. Click Start, click Run, type msconfig, and then click OK.
2 3
4
1

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Step 10.On the General tab, click Launch System Restore.
Step 11.Select Restore my computer to an earlier time, and then click Next. You can select
“Create a restore point” if you want to create a backup of your current system state then
repeat the steps 1 to 7 to continue the restoration.
Step 12.Calendar dates in bold are possible restore points. Click one to view system restore
information.

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Restore Points
System Restore Information
Step 13.Select a system checkpoint or an installation restore point, and then click Next.
Step 14. The confirmation section will appear. To start the system restore, click Next.

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Step 15.Your computer will restart and start to restore your system settings. Just wait until the
“Restoration Complete” message appears. Click OK to exit the system restore window.
Step 16.Present your work to your trainer.
Assessment Method:
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST


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CRITERIA YES NO
No error persists during the restoration process.
The restoration process is not disturbed by power.
The computer successfully returned to its previous state.
JOB SHEET 1.1-4
Title:
Windows XP System Restore in Safe Mode

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Given a properly configured PC, you must successfully start the windows in safe mode and
be able to restore the computer to its previous state using system restore.
Supplies/Materials:
Properly configured PC with restore points, AVR.
Steps/Procedures:
Step 1. Boot the computer in safe mode.

Step 2. Create a restore point.
Step 3. Restore the computer using system restore.
Step 4. Present your work to your trainer.

Job Sheet 1.1-4

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CRITERIA YES NO
The “safe mode” captions appear on the desktop area.
No error persists during the restoration process.
The restoration process is not disturbed by power interruption.
The computer successfully returned to its previous state.
LEARNING OUTCOME #2 INSTALL EQUIPMENT/DEVICE SYSTEM

CONTENTS:
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Structure of Computer Operating System
 Software Packages And Use Of Application Programs
 Peripheral Devices

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 Multimedia Systems
 PC Hardware
 Local Area Networks (LANs) System & Configurations
 Computer Symptoms and Diagnosis
 Disassembling & Assembling Computer System
1. Standard procedures for OHS in installing devices/systems are followed.
2. Operating systems/ devices are installed according to workplace standards.
3. Modification and innovation of devices/systems are done during installation
with the consent of the client.
4. Installation of the devices/systems are carried out in consonance with the unit
of specification
5. Unplanned events or conditions are carried out following the unit of
specification and procedure.
6. Approval obtained before any contingencies are implemented based on
established procedure.
7. Standard testing procedures are strictly followed for the newly installed
device/system.
CONDITIONS:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
10. Computer Laboratory

11. Competency-based learning material
12. Tools, Materials and Equipment
LAN Card Printers
Webcam Digital Camera Installation CDs
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Demonstration & Oral Questioning
 Written Test
Learning Outcome 2
INSTALL EQUIPMENT DEVICE SYSTEM
Learning Activities Special Instruction

(Personal Protective Equipment) facilitator if you encounter problems on
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(Computer Unit Assembly) facilitator if you encounter problems on
(Structure of Operating System) facilitator if you encounter problems on
(File System) facilitator if you encounter problems on
(Basic Computer Configuration Setup) facilitator if you encounter problems on

Perform Operation Sheet 1.2-5a Performance Criteria
(Configuring Computer Boot Order) Present your work to your
Perform Operation Sheet 1.2-5b Performance Criteria
(Booting from Windows XP CD) Present your work to your

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Performance Criteria
Perform Job Sheet 1.2-5 Present your work to your
(Installing Windows XP)
After doing all the activities of this LO, you

are ready to proceed to the next LO on
Diagnosing and troubleshooting computer
systems.

“Personal Protective Equipment”
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to be familiar and
use properly Personal Protective Equipment.
Personal Protective Equipment
It refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other gear designed to protect

the wearer's body or clothing from injury by electrical hazards, heat, chemicals, and
infection, for job-related occupational safety and health purposes.
PPE can also be used to protect the working environment from pesticide application,
pollution or infection from the worker (for example in a microchip factory).
Students even teacher during their laboratory period should require to use of
personal protective equipment. Some of these are:
 Goggles – A large spectacles, with

shields around the rims, for protecting
the eyes from dust, excessive light,
wind, etc.
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 Rubber Sole – A special type of shoes
used to prevent electrical shock and for
waterproofing and insulating purposes.
 Apron – A garment worn over the front

of the body as a protection for one’s
cloth.
 Dust Mask- A covering for the face to

prevent the inhaling or absorbing dust
and other chemicals
 Gloves - The covering material with a

separate sheath for each finger used for
hand protection.

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SELF-CHECK 1.2-1
MATCHING TYPE
Instruction: Match the following images to their names and uses.
Apron – A garment worn

over the front of the body
as a protection for one’s
cloth
. Gloves - The covering

material with a separate
sheath for each finger used
for hand protection.
. Goggles – A large
spectacles, with shields
around the rims, for
protecting the eyes from
dust, excessive light, wind,
etc.
Rubber Sole – A special

type of shoes used to
prevent electrical shock
and for waterproofing and
insulating purposes
Dust Mask- A covering for

the face to prevent the
inhaling or absorbing dust
and other chemicals

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ANSWER KEY 1.2-1
Apron – A garment
worn over the front of
the body as a
protection for one’s
cloth
. Gloves - The covering
material with a
separate sheath for
each finger used for
hand protection.
. Goggles – A large
spectacles, with shields
around the rims, for
protecting the eyes
from dust, excessive
light, wind, etc.
Rubber Sole – A special

type of shoes used to
prevent electrical
shock and for
waterproofing and
insulating purposes
Dust Mask- A covering

for the face to prevent
the inhaling or
absorbing dust and
other chemicals

“Computer Unit Assembly”

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Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to familiarize the
different parts of computer and put the different parts together to assemble a
working computer unit.
Computer System Assembly
Computer set is a collection of computer hardware devices working together as a

single unit of machine used in data processing.
System Unit
Monitor
Computer Mouse
Keyboard
Keyboard-A keyboard is a typewriter-style device, which uses an arrangement of buttons

or keys, to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches. Following the decline of punch
cards and paper tape, interaction via teleprinter-style keyboards became the main input
device for computers.
A keyboard typically has characters engraved or printed on the keys and each press of a key
typically corresponds to a single written symbol. However, to produce some symbols
requires pressing and holding several keys simultaneously or in sequence. While most
keyboard keys produce letters, numbers or signs (characters), other keys or simultaneous
key presses can produce actions or execute computer commands.
Despite the development of alternative input devices, such as the mouse, touchscreen, pen

devices, character recognition and voice recognition, the keyboard remains the most
commonly used device for direct (human) input of alphanumeric data into computers.
Mouse-A mouse is a pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a

surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of a pointer on a display, which
allows for fine control of a graphical user interface.

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Physically, a mouse consists of an object held in one's hand, with one or more buttons. Mice
often also feature other elements, such as touch surfaces and "wheels", which enable
additional control and dimensional input.
Monitor-A monitor or a display is an electronic visual display for computers. The monitor

comprises the display device, circuitry and an enclosure. The display device in modern
monitors is typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) thin panel, while
older monitors used a cathode ray tube (CRT) about as deep as the screen size.
Originally, computer monitors were used for data processing while television receivers were

used for entertainment. From the 1980s onwards, computers (and their monitors) have
been used for both data processing and entertainment, while televisions have implemented
some computer functionality.
System Unit-The system unit, also known as a "tower" or "chassis," is the main part of a
desktop computer. It includes the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and other components. The
system unit also includes the case that houses the internal components of the computer.
The term "system unit" is often used to differentiate between the computer
and peripheral devices, such as the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. For example, if a repair
shop asks you to bring in your computer, it may be unclear whether you need to bring your
monitor and peripheral devices as well. If you are told to just bring your system unit, it is
clear you only need to bring the computer itself.
Some modern computers, such as the iMac, combine the system unit and monitor into a
single device. In this case, the monitor is part of the system unit. While laptops also have
built-in displays, they are not called system units, since the term only refers to desktop
computers.
The Motherboard
The main goal is to connect all the hardware together like hard drives, memory modules,
CPU, etc...

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Back-panel
Connectors
PCI Slot
4 Pin/12 Volts
Northbridge
Power Connector
PCIe
Processor Socket
Southbridge
IDE Connector
Front Panel Connector BIOS

Memory Slot ATX Main Power
SATA Connector
Connector
FDD Header
The Processor Socket
Is the home for the Central Processor Unit (CPU).
Memory Slots
Memory slots also call memory banks are for Random Access Memory modules (RAM).
ATX Main Power Connector and the 4 Pins Connector
The ATX (Advance Technology Extended) main power connector is uses to get the electric
energy from the power supply which the motherboard require to function properly. Old
model computers are using the old AT (Advance Technology) power connectors.
IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)
The IDE/Advance Technology Attachment (ATA) interface is used to connect hard drives and
optic drives.
Modern computer mother boards have the new interface called Serial Advance Technology
Attachment (S-ATA).

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(FDD Header) Floppy Disk Drive Header/Connector
Is used in plugging the floppy drive reader/zip drive.
Expansion Slots (PCI Slots, AGP And PCIe)
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) are used to install sound cards, Ethernet cards and
modems.
The motherboard parts Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) and PCI Epress (PCIe) focus on
graphic cards only.
BIOS
Short for Basic Input/Output System, the BIOS, ROM BIOS, or System BIOS is a chip located
on all motherboards that contain instructions and setup for how your system should boot
and how it operates. In the picture to the right, is an example of what a BIOS chip may look
like on your computer motherboard.
The BIOS includes instructions on how to load basic computer hardware and includes a test
referred to as a POST (Power On Self Test) that helps verify the computer meets
requirements to boot up properly. If the computer does not pass the POST, you will receive
a combination of beeps indicating what is malfunctioning within the computer.
Back Panel Connectors
Are used to plug the mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer, sound system and any other
peripherals you may have.
Northbridge
An integrated circuit (generally Intel or VIA) that is responsible for the communications
between the CPU interface, AGP, PCI and the memory.
Southbridge
An integrated circuit ( generally Intel or VIA ) on the motherboard that is responsible for the
hard disk drive controller, I/O controller and integrated hardware such as sound card or
video card if present on the motherboard.

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The North Bridge is typically the larger chip that always has a heat sink attached with it and
the South Bridge is the smaller one.
SELF-CHECK 1.2-2
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Instruction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. The chip located on all motherboards that contain instructions and setup for how
your system should boot and how it operates.
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a. Northbridge
b. BIOS
c. Southbridge
d. HDD
2. The integrated circuit that is responsible for the communications between the CPU
interface, AGP, PCI and the memory.
a. Southbridge
b. Northbridge
c. BIOS
d. RAM
3. A typewriter-style input device, which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys, to act
as mechanical levers or electronic switches.
a. Printer
b. Mouse
c. Keyboard
d. Speaker
4. The board of computer that connects all the computer components together.
a. CPU
b. Keyboard
c. Motherboard
d. RAM
5. Are used to plug the mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer, sound system and any other
peripherals you may have.
a. RAM
b. ROM
c. PCI
d. Back-panel connectors
ANSWER KEY 1.2-2
1. B
2. B
3. C

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4. C
5. D

“Structure of Computer Operating System”
Learning Objective:
the different operating systems, navigate on the different OS components and
install Operating system and device drivers.
OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)

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 Is a software that manages computer resources and provides programmers/users
with an interface used to access those resources.
 Is a layer of software which takes care of technical aspects of a computer's
operation. It shields the user of the machine from the low-level details of the
machine's operation and provides frequently needed facilities.
Below is a listing of common operating systems available today, and who developed them.
OPERATING SYSTEM DEVELOPER OPERATING SYSTEM DEVELOPER
Corel Linux Corel Windows 2000 Microsoft
Linux Linux Torvalds Windows 2003 Microsoft
MAC OS 8 Apple Windows 95 Microsoft
MAC OS 9 Apple Windows 98 Microsoft
MAC OS 10 Apple Windows CE Microsoft
MAC OS X Apple Windows ME Microsoft
Mandrake Linux Mandrake Windows NT Microsoft
MS-DOS 3.x Microsoft Windows Vista Microsoft
MS-DOS 4.x Microsoft Windows XP Microsoft
MS-DOS 5.x Microsoft Windows 7 Microsoft
MS-DOS 6.x Microsoft Windows 8 Microsoft
THE PURPOSE OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
The operating system (OS) controls almost all functions on a computer.

Roles of an Operating System
 All computers rely on an operating system (OS) to provide
the interface for interaction between users, applications,
and hardware.
 The operating system boots the computer and manages
the file system.
 Almost all modern operating systems can support more
than one user, task, or CPU.
 The operating system has four main roles:
 Control hardware access
 Manage files and folders
 Provide user interface
 Manage applications
 Control hardware access
 OS automatically discovers and configures PnP hardware
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 File and folder management
 User interface
 Command line interface (CLI)
 Graphical user interface (GUI)
 Application management
 Open Graphics Library (OpenGL)
 DirectX
The Types of Operating Systems

 Command Line Interface (CLI): The user types commands at a prompt.
 Graphical User Interface (GUI): The user interacts with menus and icons.
Most operating systems include both a GUI and a CLI.
CHARACTERISTICS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
 Multi-user – Two or more users can work with programs and share peripheral
devices, such as printers, at the same time.
 Multi-tasking – The computer is capable of operating multiple applications at the
same time.
 Multi-processing – The computer can have two or more central processing units
(CPUs) that programs share.
 Multi-threading – A program can be broken into smaller parts that can be loaded as
needed by the operating system. Multi-threading allows individual programs to be
multi-tasked.
COMPARING OPERATING SYSTEM

Terms often used when comparing operating systems:
Desktop operating systems:

 Microsoft Windows: Windows XP
 Macintosh: Mac OS X
 Linux: Fedora, Ubuntu, and others
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 UNIX
 A desktop OS has the following characteristics:
 Supports a single user
 Runs single-user applications
 Shares files and folders on a small network with limited security
Network Operating Systems (NOS)

 Common NOS include:
 Novell Netware
 Microsoft Windows Server
 Linux
 UNIX
 A network OS has the following characteristics:
 Supports multiple users
 Runs multi-user applications
 Is robust and redundant
 Provides increased security compared to desktop operating systems
DETERMINE PROPER OPERATING SYSTEM

To select the proper operating system:
 Create an accurate profile of your customer by analyzing the daily, weekly, and
monthly computer activities
 Select appropriate software and hardware to satisfy existing and future
requirements
What Does Your Customer Require?
 Office applications
 word processing, spreadsheets, or presentation software
 Graphics applications
 Photoshop or Illustrator
 Animation applications
 Flash
 Business applications: accounting, contact management, sales tracking or database
Identify Minimum Hardware Requirements
 Customer may need to upgrade or purchase additional hardware to support the

required applications and OS.
 A cost analysis will indicate if purchasing new equipment is a better idea than
upgrading.
 Common hardware upgrades:
 RAM capacity
 Hard drive size
 Processor speed
 Video card memory and speed
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Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)
 Most operating systems have an HCL.

 HCLs can be found on the manufacturer's website.
 HCL includes list of hardware that is known to work with the operating system.
INSTALLING THE OPERATING SYSTEM
Reasons to perform a clean installation of an OS:

 When a computer is passed from one employee to another
 When the operating system is corrupted
 When a new replacement hard drive is installed in a computer
Before performing a clean installation:

 Back up all data first
 Explain to the customer that existing data will be erased
 Confirm that all needed data has been successfully transferred
HARD DRIVE SETUP PROCEDURES
Operating system setup methods:
 Install an OS over a network from a server

 Install from a copy of the OS files stored on storage devices hard drive/flash drive
 Install from OS files stored on CDs or DVDs
Partitioning and Formatting
 Hard drive must be logically divided (partitioned)

 File system must be created on the hard drive
 During the installation phase, most operating systems will automatically partition
and format the hard drive
Hard Drive Setup Procedures
A technician should understand the process related to hard drive setup.

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Prepare the Hard Drive
 The first portion of the installation process deals with formatting and partitioning the
hard drive.
 The second portion prepares the disk to accept the file system.
 The file system provides the directory structure that organizes the user's operating
system, application, configuration, and data files.
Examples of file systems:
 The FAT32 file system

 The New Technology File System (NTFS)
NTFS and FAT32
 FAT32 is used where files need to be accessed by multiple versions of Windows.

FAT32 is not as secure as NTFS
 NTFS can support more and larger files than FAT32, and provides more flexible
security features for folders, files, and sizes
 Partitions can be converted from FAT32 to NTFS using the CONVERT.EXE utility, but
not in the reverse direction
Navigating a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
 A GUI provides graphical representations of all the files, folders, and programs on a
computer.
Customizing the Desktop
To customize any of these, simply right-click the item and then select Properties.
 Taskbar
 Recycle Bin
 Desktop background
 Window appearance
The Start Menu
 Customized to two styles, XP and Classic

 Accessed by clicking the Start button
 The Start menu includes:
 A nested list of all installed applications
 A list of recently opened documents

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 A list of other elements, including; a search feature, a help center, and system
settings
My Computer
 When you right-click My Computer and select Properties, there

are several settings that can be customized:
 Computer name
 Hardware settings
 Virtual memory
 Automatic updates
 Remote access
 Files can also be moved and copied using My Computer
Launching Applications
Applications can be launched in several ways:

 Click the application on the Start menu
 Double-click the application shortcut icon on the desktop
 Double-click the application executable file in My Computer
 Launch the application from the Run window or command line
To view and configure network connections, right-click the My Network Places icon.
 Connect to or disconnect from a network drive
 Right-click Properties to configure existing network connections, such as a wired or
wireless LAN connection
Control Panel Applets

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Display Settings
 Change the resolution and color quality
 Change wallpaper, screen saver, power settings, and other options, by clicking the
Advanced button
Device Manager
 Used to view settings for devices in the computer
 An exclamation mark indicates a problem with a device
Task Manager
 View all applications that are currently running

 Close any applications that have stopped responding
 Monitor the performance of the CPU and virtual
memory
 View all processes that are currently running
 View information about the network connections
Add or Remove an Application
 Utility to install or uninstall applications

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 Tracks installation files for future thorough uninstall, if desired
Upgrading to Windows XP
1. Insert the Windows XP CD. Select Start > Run.

2. In the Run box, where D is the drive letter for the CD-ROM, type D:\i386\winnt32
and press Enter. The Welcome to the Windows XP Setup Wizard displays.
3. Choose Upgrade to Windows XP and click Next. The License Agreement page
displays.
4. Read the license agreement and click the button to accept this agreement.
5. Click Next. The Upgrading to the Windows XP NTFS File System page displays.
6. Follow the prompts and complete the upgrade. When the install is complete, the
computer will restart.
Preventive Maintenance Planning
Components of a preventive maintenance plan:

 Updates to the operating system and applications
 Updates to anti-virus and other protective software
 Hard drive error checking
 Hard drive backup
 Hard drive defragmentation
Schedule Tasks
 The DOS AT command launches tasks at a specified time using the command line
interface
 Information about the AT command is available at this path: Start > Run > cmd Then
type AT /? at the command line.
 The Windows Task Scheduler launches tasks at a specified time using a graphical
interface
 Access the Windows Task Scheduler by following this path: Start > All Programs >
Accessories > System Tools > Scheduled Tasks
 Examples of scheduled tasks to run
 ScanDisk (Windows 2000) and CHKDSK (Windows XP) check the integrity of files and
folders and scan the hard disk surface for physical errors.
 Defrag: Gathers the noncontiguous data into one place, making files run faster
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Automatic Updates
 An automatic update service scans the system for needed updates, and recommends
what should be downloaded and installed.
 Automatic update services can setup to download and install updates as soon as
they are available or as required, and install them when the computer is next
rebooted.
Restore Point
An image of the current computer settings. If the computer crashes, the OS can roll back to
a restore point.
 The restore point utility only operates on OS and application files.
 Anti-virus software should be run to remove malware before creating a restore
point.
When to create a restore point:
 Before updating or replacing the OS
 When an application or driver is installed
 Manually at any time
Backup the Hard Drive

 Backup tools allow for recovery of data.
 Use the Microsoft Backup Tool to perform backups.
 Establish a backup strategy that will allow for the recovery of data.
 Decide how often the data must be backed up and the type of backup to perform.
 Windows XP uses Volume Shadow Copying, which allows users to continue to work
even as a backup is taking place.
 It is only necessary to make copies of the files that have changed since the last
backup.

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SELF-CHECK 1.2-3
TRUE OF FALSE
Instruction: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if the
statement is incorrect. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. Operating System is a layer of software which takes care of technical aspects of a
computer's operation.
2. Providing user interface is one of the roles of a computer operating system.
3. There are two types of operating system; GUI and CLI.
4. Multi-Processing operating system can utilize more than one computer
processor.
5. Add or Remove an Application is used to create a restore point

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ANSWER KEY 1.2-3
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE

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Information Sheet 1.2-4
“File System”
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to fully
understand and identify the most common File System used today in IBM
compatible computers.
File System, sometimes abbreviated as FS, a file system is a method of organizing and
retrieving files from a storage medium such as a hard drive. File systems usually consist of
files separated into groups called directories. Directories can contain files or additional
directories.
There are currently two file system commonly used in IBM compatible computers:
 The old FAT (File Allocation Table) file system was developed originally (when the
original IBM PCs came out) for MS-DOS on small machines and floppy disks.
File Allocation Table Variants:
 FAT12: The oldest File Allocation Table that uses 12-bit binary system. A hard
disk drive formatted using FAT12 can use a maximum of approximately
16,736,256 volume size and today is no longer used. If your computer is
running Windows 95 or above and your FAT within FDISK is being displayed
as FAT12 it is likely that your hard disk drive is corrupted, bad or has a
computer virus.
 FAT16: FAT utilizing a 16-bit binary system. Commonly found with Windows
3.x through Windows 95. FAT16, while becoming obsolete by FAT32, is still
commonly found.
 FAT32: Enhanced File Allocation Table utilizing a 28-bit binary system, first
used in Windows 95 OSR2 and more so in Windows 98, that saves disk space
by using 4k Cluster. See FAT32 Page for extended information about FAT32.
 NTFS is short for New Technology File System; a file system that was originally
designed for Windows NT and today is supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP and
some UNIX variant operating systems. NTFS, when compared to previous File
Systems such as FAT16, improves on reliability, security and support for client-server
systems.
The file system used goes with an individual partition of the disk. You can mix the two types
on the same physical drive.

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FAT
NTFS
The Windows XP operating system is the same, whichever file system is used for its
partition, so it is a mistake (and source of confusion) to speak of “a FAT disk reading an NTFS
partition.” It is the operating system, not the disk, that does the reading.
Actual files are unaffected by which file system they are on; that is merely a matter of a
method of storage. An analogy would be letters stored in an office. They might be in box-
files on shelves (FAT) or in suspended folders in file cabinets (NTFS); but the letters
themselves would be unaffected by the choice of which way to store them, and could be
moved from one storage place to the other. Similarly, files can be moved between folders
on an NTFS partition and folders on a FAT partition, or across a network to another machine
that might not even be running Windows.
EXAMPLE: Consider the downloading to your computer of a file through a link on a web

page. You click on the link, and the file is copied across the Internet and stored on your hard
drive. If you download the file from this present site, the file is stored on a computer
running Unix, which uses neither FAT nor NTFS. The file itself is not affected when it is
copied from a Windows computer to the Unix-based server, or copied from that server to
your Windows-based computer.
However, if a machine has two different operating systems on it, dual booted, they may not
both be able to read both types of partition. DOS (including an Emergency Startup boot
floppy), Windows 95/98, and Windows ME cannot handle NTFS (without third party
assistance). Early versions of Windows NT cannot handle FAT32, only FAT16. So, if you have
such a mixed environment, any communal files must be held on a partition of a type that
both operating systems can understand — meaning, usually, a FAT32 partition.
2. WHICH SYSTEM TO USE?
There are three considerations that affect which file system should be chosen for any
partition:
a. Do you want to use the additional capabilities that only NTFS supports?
NTFS can provide control of file access by different users, for privacy and security.
The Home Edition of Windows XP only supports this to the limited extent of keeping
each user’s documents private to him or herself. Full file-access control is provided in
Windows XP Professional, as is encryption of individual files and folders.
b. Considerations of Stability and Resilience

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NTFS has stronger means of recovering from troubles than does FAT. All changes to
files are “journalized,” which allows the system to roll back the state of a file after a
crash of the program using it or a crash of the system. Also, the structure of the file
system is less likely to suffer damage in a crash, and is therefore more easily
reinstated by CheckDisk (CHKDSK.EXE). But in practical terms, the stability of FAT is
adequate for many users, and it has the benefit that a FAT partition is accessible for
repair after booting from a DOS mode startup floppy, such as one from Windows 98.
If an NTFS partition is so damaged that it is not possible to boot Windows, then
repair can be very difficult.
c. Considerations of economy and performance
On the other hand NTFS takes much more space for holding descriptive information on
every file in that file’s own block in the Master File Table (MFT). This can use quite a large
proportion of the disk, though this is offset by a possibility that the data of a very small file
may be stored entirely in its MFT block. Because NTFS holds significant amounts of these
structures in memory, it places larger demands on memory than does FAT.
Searching directories in NTFS uses a more efficient structure for its access to files, so
searching a FAT partition is a slower process in big directories. Scanning the FAT for the
pieces of a fragmented file is also slower.
SELF-CHECK 1.2-4
TRUE OF FALSE
Instruction: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if the
statement is incorrect. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. There are two kinds of File System.
2. One physical drive can contain more than one File System.
3. FAT stands for File Allocation Table.

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4. Actual files are affected by which file system they are on.
5. NTFS stands for New Technology File System.
ANSWER KEY 1.2-4
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE

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Information Sheet 1.2-5
“Basic Computer Configuration Setup”
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to perform
basic computer installation and configuration.
A computer needs to be properly

configured and loaded with an operating
system to be able to work properly.
IMPORTANCE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
1. It moderates the relationship between

the computer and its peripherals
2. It helps in the management of files, -
copying, deleting, moving of files from
one storage location to the other.
3. It encourages the memory for its
efficient usage and thus adding the speed of the computer.
4. It manages the activities of the processor in terms of job execution according to the
priority of arrival of jobs.
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5. It informs the user of nay hardware or software error
6. It makes communication between the computer and the user or the operator possible.
In installing computer system the first thing we need to do is to connect all the required
computer hardware together as such as system unit, monitor, mouse and keyboard.
After installing all the required hardware in accordance with the OHS procedures and
guidelines, we need to install an operating system.
BOOT DISK
A boot disk is a removable digital data storage medium from which a computer can load and
run (boot) an operating system or utility program. The computer must have a built-in
program which will load and execute a program from a boot disk meeting certain standards.
Boot disks are used for:
 Operating system installation

 Data recovery
 Data purging
 Hardware or software troubleshooting
 BIOS flashing
 Customizing an operating environment
 Software demonstration
 Administrative access in case of lost password is possible with an appropriate boot
disk with some operating systems
While almost all modern computers can boot from a hard drive containing the operating
system and other software, they would not normally be called boot disks. CD-ROMs are the
most common forms of media used, but other media, such as magnetic or paper tape
drives, zip drives, and more recently USB flash drives can be used.
Operating Systems can be installed using different methods. Below are the most common
installation methods used in OS installation:
 Using optical media(CD/DVD/BD)

 Using USB devices(Flash drive/External HDD)
CMOS
Alternatively referred to as a Real-Time Clock (RTC), Non-

Volatile RAM (NVRAM) or CMOS RAM, CMOS is short for
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor. CMOS is an
on-board semiconductor chip powered by a CMOS battery
inside computers that stores information such as the system
time and date and the system hardware settings for your
computer. A CMOS is similar to the Apple Macintosh

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computer's PRAM. In the picture to the right, is an image of a CMOS battery on a IBM
compatible computers motherboard and the most common CMOS battery you're likely to
encounter with your computer.
The picture at the right, are examples of batteries that may be used in a computer to power
the CMOS memory. As mentioned above the most common battery is the coin cell battery
(lithium battery), usually about the size of a U.S. Nickel.
The standard lifetime of a CMOS battery is around 10 Years. However, this can vary
depending on the use and environment that the computer resides.
PREPARING INSTALLATION
Entering BIOS/CMOS Setup Utility
CMOS Setup or BIOS setup utility is a configuration program that allows you to perform
hardware setting and system setting configuration.
There are various keys used in accessing CMOS Setup depending on its manufacturer and
version:
New Computers
 F1
 F2
 DEL
 ESC
 F10
Old Computers
 CTRL + ALT + ESC

 CTRL + ALT + INS
 CTRL + ALT + ENTER
 CTRL + ALT + S
 PAGE UP KEY
Note: There are many BIOS manufacturer and BIOS versions around the world. The key used to enter
the BIOS Setup Utility and BIOS Menu may vary depending on its manufacturer and version. The
example we used for this module’s screen shots is AWARD BIOS version 6.0 and Phoenix BIOS.
Configuring Boot Order
When your computer stars normally, BIOS will attempt to boot (fire up) to the first device in
the boot order (frequently the HDD). If the first device is not bootable, your computer will
try to boot from the second device in the boot order, and so on.
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In installing computer operating system, we have to boot from CD-ROM (where the XP CD is
inserted).
Booting from CD
When you boot from a CD-ROM, what you're actually doing is running your computer with a
small operating system that is installed on the CD, DVD, or DVD-DL.
When you start your computer normally, you're running with the operating system installed
on your hard drive.
In installing windows XP we need to boot from the CD-ROM so that the windows XP setup
utility will run and guide us in installing our operating system.

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OPERATION SHEET 1.2-5a
Title:
Configuring Computer Boot Order
Given a properly configured PC, you must be able to change/configure the
computers boot order/boot priority.
Supplies/Materials:
Properly configured PC with CD-ROM, AVR.
Steps/Procedures:
Step 1. Press the proper key to enter the CMOS Setup screen.
Press DEL key.
After pressing the proper keyboard command from the previous step, you will be
entering the BIOS Setup Utility.

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Step 2. From the CMOS setup utility, locate the boot sequence settings. Look for the
word “Boot”, ”Boot Sequence” or “1st boot device”.
1st
2nd
Step 3. Configure the boot sequence or boot order. In the original order above, the CD-
ROM is set as the 3rd boot device.
Set CD-ROM as the first boot device by following the instruction given by the
BIOS Setup Utility.
1st
2nd
Step 4. Save settings and exit by pressing the F10 key.

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Assessment Method:

OPERATION SHEET 1.2-5a

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CRITERIA YES NO
The 1st boot priority changed to CD-ROM.
F10 key is pressed after modification to save the changes.
Save and Exit execution is confirmed.
OPERATION SHEET 1.2-5b
Title:
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Booting from Windows XP CD
Given a properly configured PC, the trainee must be able to successfully boot the
computer using the inserted windows XP CD.
Supplies/Materials:
Properly configured PC with CD-ROM, AVR and Windows XP installation CD.
Steps/Procedures:
Step 1. Power on the computer.
Step 2. Insert Windows XP/Windows 7/8 installation disc to CDROM.
Step 3. Restart the computer.

Step 4. When your computer restarts, the BIOS will now try to boot from the newly
assigned first boot device in the boot order.
Before executing the booting process, the computer will display a message
asking for confirmation.
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Press any key n the keyboard to confirm the action.
Step 5. After confirmation, the computer will inspect your computer’s hardware
configuration.
After the inspection, the screen will turn blue while loading the necessary
files programs needed for the booting process and will display the Windows
XP Setup Screen.
Assessment Method:

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OPERATION SHEET 1.2-5b
CRITERIA YES NO
Installation CD is inserted to CD-ROM
During power on sequence, the computer asks the user to press any key to boot
from CD.
The windows XP Setup screen appears.

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JOB SHEET 1.2-5
Title:
Installing Windows XP
The trainee must be able to successfully install Microsoft Windows 7 on a properly
configured PC.
Supplies/Materials:
Properly configured PC, AVR, and Windows 7 installation Disc of Bootable Flash Drive.
Steps/Procedures:
Step 1. Set the CD-ROM/USB Flash Drive as the 1st boot Priority.
Step 2. Boot from windows 7 installation disc/Bootable USB and wait for the windows 7
setup screen to appear.
Step 3. Choose to Set-Up Windows XP Now
On windows XP welcome screen, choose the “set up windows XP now” option by
pressing the ENTER KEY.

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Step 4. Accept the License Agreement
The setup will display the End-User License Agreement (EULA). Accept the EULA by
pressing F8 to continue with the installation.
Step 5. Searching for Previous Versions of Windows XP

Setup will search for existing Windows installation.
After searching, the option menu for repairing an existing Windows XP
installation and installing a fresh copy will be displayed.
Press ESC to continue installing a fresh copy.

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Note:
The menu will appear only if a current Windows XP installation exists. If you’re
installing on a brand-new hard drive, jump to Step 5(Continue Installing on the
Selected Drive).
Step 6. Partitioning
Divide your hard drive into two NTFS Partitions (Partition C and D).
Allocate a 20GB size memory on drive C and allot all the remaining memory to
drive D.
C: Partition1 [NTFS] 20000MB (19999 MB free)
D: Partition1 [NTFS] 15000MB (149999 MB free)
Step 7. The next screen is asking for the type of disk formatting to be used :

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(if you install XP into an already existing partition, you have additional options to leave
the
current disk formatting intact).
Select the type of disk formatting : NTFS.
Setup will start formatting the disk and will then start copying files from the CD-ROM to
the disk.
Setup will start formatting the disk :
and will then start copying files from the CD-ROM to the disk :

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The system will then need to reboot :
After the restart, Windows XP starts the first time with the Graphical User Interface (GUI )
Setup will continue to copy files and to install devices :

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Step 8. You can adjust regional settings (for example if you install an English version of
Windows XP in a different country and the keyboard layout/language is not the
same language as your copy of Windows XP, you should use the button "Customize.."
and configure the proper keyboard, to make sure that you can enter in the following
steps
of the setup/installation properly the information ) :
Step 9. Personalize your system by entering your name and organization :

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Step 10. Enter your 25 character Product key (as it was delivered with your Windows XP
CD-ROM ) :
Step 11. Define the name for your computer and the password for the Administrator
account :

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based on the organization (define above), Setup creates a name for your computer,
with complex name (to make sure that the name will be unique in a network
configuration.
Since this name will be used later inside the "Network Neighborhood" / "My Network
places",
change it to an easy to understand , but UNIQUE name (like : P633VM ).
If you enter a password for the Administrator Account, make sure that you remember it
(to be save, write if down ! ).
Step 12. Check the "Date and Time Settings", allowing to check/define/correct the
date, time and timezone :

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Step 13. If you have a network card in your system, which was detected by Setup, you will
be asked to select whether to install a typical configuration (which you can always change
later) or if you like to make now already special settings (like: defining your IP-address ) :
The system will reboot again :

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Setup will configure then your
screen resolution.
Step 14. After hitting “ok” button the computer will ask for basic configuration and will
welcome you to your newly installed windows XP.
Assessment Method:

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JOB SHEET 1.2-5
CRITERIA YES NO
Drive is partitioned into two. A 20GB is allocated for drive C and the remaining
memory is assigned to drive D.
Drive C is properly formatted and no files for the old operating system remain
intact.
The serviced computer is capable of doing its basic routine operations.

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LEARNING OUTCOME 3 CONDUCT VALIDATION AND TESTING
CONTENTS:
1. Testing Procedures
2. Cable Troubleshooting
3. Diagnostic Software
4. Device Drivers
5. Installation of Peripheral Devices
1. OH&S policies are strictly followed resulting to no lost time injury.
2. Specified testing procedures for circuit and system are carried out.
3. Installed devices/systems are protected against loss/damage in accordance with
established standard
4. Approval is obtained before any validation or testing is employed.
5. Installation proceedings, devices/systems test conforms with specified
requirements.
6. Every device system noticed to cause malfunction of the system is removed, tested
and returned to pretest condition in accordance with the established procedures.
7. Final inspection, testing and validation are undertaken to ensure quality
performance of the system.
8. Documentation of the performed job is submitted to a laboratory teacher following
the format given.
CONDITION:
Trainees must be provided with the following:
 WORKPLACE LOCATION
 Tools, Materials and Equipment and Facilities
 Computer Table and Chairs
 Computers
 Printers
 Installation CDs
 And other Computer Accessories
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References:
 Andres Sr., Antonio M. Introduction of Computer. Fully Illustrated, Valenzuela City;
May 2003 World Class Publishing and Packaging
 Sto. Domingo, Josephine C.,Learning Windows XP and Internet the Easy Way
Computers - The Easy Way
EVALUATION METHOD:
 Demonstration & Oral Questioning
 Written Test
Learning Outcome 3
Conduct Validation and Testing
Learning Activities Special Instructions

If you have some problem on the content
of the information sheet don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
1. Read information sheet 1.3-1
(Testing Procedures) If you feel that you are now
knowledgeable on the content of the
information sheet, you can answer self
check provided in the module.
Compare your answer to the answer key
1.3-1. If you got 100% correct answer in
2. Answer self-check 1.3-1 this self-check, you can now move to the
next information sheet. If not review the
information sheet and go over the self-
check again.
3. Read information sheet 1.3-2 approach your facilitator.
(Cable Troubleshooting) If you feel that you are now
information sheet, you can now do
operation sheet 1.3-2 provided in the
module.
4. Answer self-check 1.3-2 this self-check, you can now do task sheet
1.3-1. If not review the information sheet
and go over the self-check again.
5. Do Task Sheet 1.3-1 Compare your work to the checklist and
(Cable Troubleshooting) let your trainer check it. If you got 100%
correct answer in this task, you can now
move to the next information sheet. If
not review the information sheet and go

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over the task again.

6. Read information sheet 1.3-3 If you feel that you are now
(Diagnostic Software) knowledgeable on the content of the
information sheet, you can now answer
self check provided in the module.
7. Answer self-check 1.3-3 this self-check, you can now move to the
next Information sheet. If not review the
information sheet and go over the self-
check again.
8. Read information sheet 1.3-4
If you feel that you are now
(Device Drivers)
information sheet, you can now
Operation Sheet provided in the module.
9. Answer self-check 1.3-4 this self-check, you can now Perform Task
Sheet. If not review the information
sheet and go over the self-check again.
Compare your work to the Checklist & let
your trainer check it. If you got 100%
10. Perform Task Sheet 1.3-2 correct answer in this task, you can now
(Device Drivers) move to the next Information sheet. If
not review the information sheet and go
over the self-check again.

11. Read information sheet 1.3-5 approach your facilitator.
(Installation of Peripheral Devices) If you feel that you are now
information sheet, you can now perform
Operation Sheet provided in the module.
12. Answer self-check 1.3-5

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this self-check, you can now Perform Task
Sheet. If not review the information
sheet and go over the self-check again.
Compare your work to the Performance

13. Perform Task Sheet 1.3-3 Checklist and let your trainer check it. If
you got 100% correct answer in this task,
(Installation of Peripherals, Network
you can now take the Competency
Devices and other I/O Devices) Evaluation. If not review the information
sheet and go over the task again.

TESTING PROCEDURES
Learning Objective:

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After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able apply proper testing
procedures.
Testing Procedures
 Deciding When to Test the System. Identify computer symptoms and defects
 Preparing to Test the System . It’s recommended that you should not plug your
computer and monitor directly to a wall outlet. Rather, you should purchase a UPS
(uninterruptible power supply). The UPS serves as a surge protector to prevent your
system from being damaged if a power spike is delivered to it and when power will
fail unexpectedly. The UPS gives you time to save your work and properly shut down
your system. If a system is turned off and back on rapidly, it’s probably not good for
the system. A very short power drop could mimic this effect and could be hard on
both the computer and the monitor.
 Powering Up the System for the First Time . Examining the back of the PC case, we
see that there is a switch with two positions, 0 and 1. Zero often means off, and one
often means on in the computer world. We turn the switch from 0 to 1 and push the
power button again.
Plugging in the power cord to the back of the case
 Adjusting BIOS Settings . To enter BIOS setup, a key, such as delete, is usually
pressed when the system first starts up. Consult your main board manual if you want
to learn more about BIOS setup.
 Replacing the Side of the Case and Bezel . Now that your system is tested and we’ve
visually seen that the CPU fan is spinning properly, we can shut down the system and
replace the side of the

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Replacing the side of the case
This case side must be pushed toward the back of the case to engage lugs on the
case. Before closing the case, be sure no wires or cables are near the edges
where they might get pinched.
Screwing in the side of the case
Some cheaper cases have poorly tapped threads for the screws, so use only minimal force to
tighten the cover screws.
Closing the bezel
Here the lip of the bezel hits the CD-RW drive and we need to gently lift up the CD drive to
close the bezel. Don’t just slam the bezel to close it. Close it gently to be sure nothing
interferes with it closing.
It also saves wear and tear if you depress the front cover latch as you close it.. Tilt the front
of the case upward to get a good grip on the latch.
Back of the side panel
If you have difficulty replacing the side of your case, examine it carefully to see how the lugs
engage the rest of the case.

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SELF-CHECK 1.3-1
SEQUENCING. Arrange the following Testing Procedures in their proper order by writing A
for the first, B for the second, and so on down to the last.
______ 1. Prepare to test the system.

______ 2. Powering Up the System for the First Time
______ 3. Deciding When to Test the System
______ 4. Replacing the Side of the Case and Bezel
______ 5. Adjusting BIOS Settings

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ANSWER KEY
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. E
5. D

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Cable Troubleshooting
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to troubleshoot
Network Cable.
Cable Trouble Shooting
Knowing simple troubleshooting techniques may help you correct some situations
and continue working. The main factors to keep in mind when troubleshooting are: do not
panic, take a common sense approach, and work from general to specific when addressing
the problem.
A series of troubleshooting tips are listed below.
Hardware
Make sure that the power cable is plugged in.
Some computer systems have several power cables, often one for each component.
Check each one and make sure that the plug is completely plugged in.
Be sure that all cables are connected.
Computer systems usually have several cables associated with them that are used to
connect the peripherals to the main system. Check both ends of the cables and make sure
they are plugged in securely and plugged into the correct location.
See to it that all components are switched on.

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Most systems have components and peripherals attached to them and quite often
each one has its own power switch. All components must be switched on if communication
is to be established between them.
The keyboard and mouse cables are snugly connected to their ports.
The keyboard and mouse are moved every time the computer is used they can work
themselves loose over time. Check their connections.
Watch out for power outages or electrical storms.
Power outages and lightening strikes can damage your system. If lightning has
damaged your system, you very likely have a serious problem with some component in the
system. This is a good time to ask for assistance from someone who deals with these types
of problems on a regular basis. A UPS (uninterruptible power supply) should prevent any
damage from power outages and will also provide some protection from lightning. But
remember, nothing stops a direct lightning hit. The best protection is to completely unplug
the system from electrical outlets and unplug the modem connection.
Check if the network is operating and that the phone line is valid.
If your computer is not communicating, check the phone line or network cable for a
good connection. If you have a dialup connection, pick up the phone and listen for a dial
tone. If you are connected to a network, contact your network administrator.
Shutdown the system down and restart.
One of the great (and often frustrating) properties about computers is that in many
cases just turning the system off, waiting a minute and then turning it back on will correct
the problem.

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Ask for assistance.
Your computer system is a significant investment and an important tool. Do not let
your pride keep you from asking for help when you need it.
If you are not sure ask!

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SELF CHECK 1.3-2
TRUE OR FALSE: Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is False.
_______1. It is not necessary to check if all the cables are connected.
_______2. See to it that all components are switched on.
_______3. Power outages and lightning strikes can’t damage your system.
_______4. If your computer is not communicating, check the phone line or network
cable for good connection.
_______5. Do not let your pride keep you from asking for help when you need it.

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Answer Keys
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T

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TASK SHEET 1.3-1
Title : Cable Testing / Troubleshooting
Performance Objective : At the end of the operation you are going to perform cable
testing and trouble shooting.
Supplies , Tools & Materials : Computer Unit, Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR), Power
Cable, LAN Tester, PPE.
Equipment : Functional Computer
Steps/ Procedure:
1. Prepare materials & Tools needed
2. Follow the procedures from the information sheet 1.3-2 on how to test and
troubleshoot Network Cable.
3. Let your Trainer check your work.
Assessment Method:
Demonstration, Performance Criteria checklist
PERFORMANCE CHECKLIST
TASK SHEET 1.3-1

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YES NO
Did you…
1. Plugged the power cable properly.
2. Connected the AVR to the Power source properly.
3. Observed safety precautions carefully.
4. Checked the fuse and the switch carefully.
5. Replaced defective devices successfully.
6. Checked and tested network cable.
1. Used testing instruments properly.
2. Apply Occupational health & safety procedures

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Diagnostic Software
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to Identify and
used diagnostic software.
Diagnostic Software
The purpose of diagnostic software is simple: to test drives and diagnose potential
problems. These programs usually come with retail drives on a floppy disk, or can be
downloaded from the manufacturer's web site. In some cases a single program will function
for any of the manufacturer's drives, but in other cases a different program is needed
depending on the drive model.
If you suspect a problem with your hard disk, you should always run a diagnostic
program to check the status of the drive.
The following are the common diagnostic software .
 Power-On Self Test (POST): It is built into system BIOS and it runs every time you
start up your PC automatically. It is often the best indicator of system problems.
 MEM.EXE: This simple utility, built into recent versions of DOS and also Windows 95,
provides with details about memory configuration, as well as what is currently using
memory.
 Microsoft Diagnostics: Better known as "MSD.EXE", this is a small DOS utility that
takes a brief inventory of the contents of a PC and shows them a text-based format.
This is very useful for seeing what disks are in the system, how much memory is
installed, and also for checking system resource usage such as LPT ports and IRQs. It
will show what type of BIOS are using and also what UART chip have in the serial
ports.
 The Windows 95 Device Manager: This is the most useful tool for identifying system
configuration and resource usage information under Windows 95.
 Norton System Information: This utility is similar to the Microsoft Diagnostics, SI
shows a great deal of information about what is in the PC. This program is part of
Symantec's Norton Utilities.
 Microsoft ScanDisk and Norton Disk Doctor: These programs are used to check for
hard disk problems. This includes file system corruption and hard disk read errors.
They should be used when hard disk problems are suspected.
 Norton Diagnostics: It includes tests of the processor and motherboard and system
memory, and will identify some types of resource conflicts.

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SELF-CHECK 1.3-3
Identification. Identify the correct Diagnostic tool or software stated below.

Use a separate sheet of paper in answering
1. This program includes file system corruption and hard disk read errors.
2. This is the most useful tool for identifying system configuration and resource
usage information.
3. A Diagnostic Software often the best indicator of system problems
4. It includes tests of the processor and motherboard and system memory, and
will identify some types of resource conflicts.
5. Known as "MSD.EXE” a small DOS utility that takes a brief inventory of the
contents of a PC
ANSWER KEY 1.3-3

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1. Microsoft Scandisk and Norton Disk Doctor
2. The Windows 95 Device Manager
3. Power-On Self Test (POST)
4. Norton Diagnostic
5. Microsoft Diagnostic

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Device Drivers
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to install device
drivers.
Introduction:
Now that you have an operating system installed, you’ll need to install drivers for
your devices such as Video Cards, Network Interface Cards, Sound Cards, etc. In many cases,
if Windows recognizes the device, drivers will be installed automatically. In some cases,
generic drivers are installed and they will work fine.
Drivers are small software programs that help the operating system use or “drive”
the device. Whenever a device doesn’t work properly, ask if the proper driver has been
installed.
Driver Installation Example: Monitor Driver
Installing the proper monitor information files is one of the small things that
purchasing a fully assembled PC
Default Monitor Driver
In the Control Panel, select.System to open the System Properties dialog box Then
select “Device Manager” to get a list of hardware in the PC. Finally, click “Monitor,” and
you’ll see that a generic monitor is listed.
System Properties
Installing a Sound Card Drivers

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Once the sound card is installed, start the system and let the windows Plug and Play
install the sound card’s drivers. After your driver is installed, make a quick trip to Device
Manager to make sure that the driver was installed correctly. . The Printer Install Wizard
is perfectly installed
Installing Other Drivers
Proceed similarly to install drivers for your other devices, such as a sound card if you
have one. Whenever a device doesn’t seem to be working properly, ask if you’ve installed
the proper device driver or if it’s been done automatically. Looking for the device under
Device Manager in Windows is a good way to see if the device driver is installed. As you can
see in the figure below a question mark by Ethernet Controller in Device Manager shows
that network drivers aren’t yet installed.
Unrecognized Device
If your main board has built-in sound or networking, a CD that contains drivers
probably came with the main board. Place the CD into the CD drive and let Windows XP
search for the appropriate driver.
Other common drivers are LAN (Local Area Networking) driver, CD media driver,
expansion cards, keyboards, printers, USB devices and others.
SELF-CHECK 1.3-4
TRUE OR FALSE: Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is false.
_______1. It is not necessary to install drivers for your computer

_______2. Drivers are small software program that help the operating system use or
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drive the device.
_______3. Installing the proper monitor information files is one of the small things in
purchasing a fully assembled PC.
_______4. In windows XP, windows do not recognize the newly installed device.
_______5. If proper driver was not installed, the PC won’t work properly.
Answer Key
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T

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TASK SHEET 1.3-2
Title : Device Drivers
Performance Objectives: At the end of the task the trainees are expected to Install all
necessary drivers in the given personal computer.
Supplies, Tools, Material : Installation CD
Equipment : Functional Computer w/peripherals
Steps/ Procedure:
Procedure in Bed Make Up
1. Prepare necessary tools & equipment.

2. Start computer
3. Check the needed drivers to be installed.
4. Insert the installation CD.
5. Install Necessary drivers
Assessment Method:
Demonstration , Performance Criteria checklist
TASK SHEET 1.3-2
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Did you… YES NO
1. Started the system correctly.
2. Inserted the Installation CD properly.
3. Observed proper handling and safekeeping of installation CD.
4. Followed the instructions on how to install device drivers.
5. Installed the device drivers successfully
6. Followed OHS procedures.

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Installation of Peripheral Devices
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to install different
peripheral devices.
Installation of Peripherals
Note: If your computer doesn’t have an operating system installed yet, you will want to stop
after you install your mouse and keyboard, install your operating system, and then resume
the installation of your peripherals
Installing the Keyboard
1. Read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions
2. Determine if the keyboard uses a PS/2 or USB connector. The PS/2 connector for
keyboards is round and typically colored purple, while the USB is flat and
rectangular in shape.
PS/S CONNECTOR USB CONNECTOR

3. Installing the
keyboard by
plugging it into the chosen port.
Note: Do not install your keyboard while your Computer is powered on and do not
unplug your keyboard while your computer is running.
Installing the Mouse

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Installing a mouse is very similar to installing a keyboard. You will still find mice with
either USB or PS/2 connectivity, although most of the newer mice will use a USB connection,
especially if you are using a mouse for gaming. Just like the keyboard, you can also use an
adapter to change a USB connection to PS/2. If you are going to have a lot of USB
peripherals, you may want to consider using adapters for your mouse and keyboard or
perhaps using a USB hub for some of your peripherals. To complete the installation, simply
plug the mouse into the proper port.
Installing the Monitor
Installing a monitor (also known as a “display”) requires
1. Provide a free power outlet for A/C power.
2. Identifying the connection type you will use to connect the monitor to your
graphics card
3. For the best picture quality possible, use the digital DVI port on your graphics
card and display if they are available. Most graphics cards now support multiple
monitors and they typically include the adapters required to change a DVI
connection to VGA for older displays.
4. Once you have the display plugged in, simply connect it to the appropriate
connector on your video card and you are ready to go. Drivers are not typically
required for displays. but once again consult the manufacturer’s instructions for
details.
Installing the Speakers
1. Determine the type of speakers you are using. Perform a simple set of 2.0 or 2.1
speakers.
2. Connect the audio cable to the “line-out” jack of your computer’s sound card,
and connect the other end(s) to the speaker unless they are already “hard-wired”
3. Plug in the power cord.
4. If you are using a full 5.1 or 7.1 surround sound system, the connections get a bit
more complicated.
5. Read the instructions that came with the speakers and sound card for full details
on this step. You can also find USB-powered speakers that have their own sound
card built in and need only be connected to power.

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Installing a Webcam
Most webcams are USB-powered and simply require that you plug them in and
install their drivers. However, some cams require that the drivers be installed first, so be
sure to read the instructions that came with your webcam to avoid any problems. If you
bought a FireWire (a form of connection that is often faster than USB connections) webcam,
ensure that your computer has a FireWire port because they are not yet all that common.
Installing the Printer
1. Make sure that you have an appropriate printer cable and, if necessary, a
separate power cable.
2. Turn off your PC and install the USB or parallel cable between the printer and the
PC.
3. Insert the ink cartridge or toner cartridge.
4. Plug in the printer and turn it on.
5. Reboot you PC.
6. Wait for Windows to see the new printer hardware and start the Printer Install
Wizard.
7. If you have an Installation CD, cancel the Printer Install Wizard and allow it to
auto play. Follow the instructions to install the printer driver.
8. After the printer has been installed, run a test print to verify that the printer is
working properly.
Installing a Scanner
Installing a scanner is almost identical to installing your printer. Again, you will simply
need to install the drivers and then plug the USB cable in the USB Port.

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SELF CHECK 1.3-5
Arrange the procedures in proper order by witting A for the 1st step B for the second and so
on.
Installing the Printer
_____1. Insert the ink cartridge or toner cartridge.
_____2. Make sure that you have an appropriate printer cable and, if necessary, a
separate power cable.
_____3. Wait for Windows to see the new printer hardware and start the Printer
Install Wizard.
_____4. Plug in the printer and turn it on.
_____5. Turn off your PC and install the USB or parallel cable between the printer
and the PC.
_____6. After the printer has been installed, run a test print to verify that the
printer is working properly.
_____7. Reboot you PC.
_____8. If you have an Installation CD, cancel the Printer Install Wizard and allow
it to auto play. Follow the instructions to install the printer driver.

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Answer Key
1. C
2. A
3. F
4. D
5. B
6. H
7. E
8. G
TASK SHEET 1.3-3

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Title : Installation of Peripherals, Network Devices and other I/O
Devices
Performance Objectives: Given the necessary tools, materials and equipment, perform
installation of a printer.
Peripheral, network devices and other I/O Devices
Tools, and Materials: Documentation, and an installation CD, multi-media speaker,
webcam and scanner
Equipment : Window system without an installed printer, any type of
printer with cables
Steps/ Procedure:
1. Prepare the necessary tools and equipment
2. Start the computer.
3. Install printer
4. Install Speaker
5. Install webcam
6. Install scanner
7. Install necessary drivers
Assessment Method:
Demonstration, Performance Criteria checklist
TASK SHEET 1.3-3

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Did you… YES NO
1. Installed the USB or parallel cable properly.
1. Inserted the ink or toner cartridge correctly.
3. Plugged and turned on the printer properly.
4. Rebooted the Personal Computer (PC).
5. Perfectly installed the Printer using Install Wizard.
6. Successfully made test print.
7. Installed speaker
8. Installed Scanner
9. Installed Webcam

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CORE NO1 - Install Computer Systems and Networks

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CORE NO1 - Install Computer Systems and Networks

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COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

SKILL-POWER INSTITUTE CABANATUAN

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

Talk to more experienced workmates and ask for their guidance.

SKILL-POWER Computer Hardware Date Developed: Document No.

COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NCII

SKILL-POWER Computer Hardware Date Developed: Document No.

MODULE TITLE : Installing computer systems and networks

NOMINAL DURATION : 60 hours

LO1. Plan and prepare for installation

LO2. Install equipment/device system

LO3. Conduct test

 Technical personnel consulted to ensure that the work coordinated effectively

 Computer systems and network devices obtained in accordance with the

 Location where devices and systems to be installed is determined from job

 Materials necessary to complete the work obtained in accordance with

SKILL-POWER Computer Hardware Date Developed: Document No.

 Standard procedures for OHS in installing devices/systems are followed.

 Operating systems/ devices are installed according to workplace standards.

 Modification and innovation of devices/systems are done during installation with

 Approval obtained before any contingencies are implemented based on

 OH&S policies are strictly followed resulting to no lost time injury.

 Installed devices/systems are protected against loss/damage in accordance with

 Approval is obtained before any validation or testing is employed.

 Installation proceedings, devices/systems test conforms with specified

 Every device system noticed to cause malfunction of the system is removed,

 Final inspection, testing and validation are undertaken to ensure quality

 Documentation of the performed job is submitted to a laboratory teacher

SKILL-POWER Computer Hardware Date Developed: Document No.

LEARNING OUTCOME #1 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION

SKILL-POWER Computer Hardware Date Developed: Document No.

The students/trainees must be provided with the following:

SKILL-POWER Computer Hardware Date Developed: Document No.

Learning Activities Special Instruction

Evaluate your own work using the

After doing all the activities of this LO, you

SKILL-POWER Computer Hardware Date Developed: Document No.

 Network Bridge – divides network into smaller, more manageable sections

 Active Hubs – amplify or boost signals

 Anti-Static – A product that prevents the build up of static electricity

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1

SKILL-POWER Computer Hardware Date Developed: Document No.

Safety Precautions (OHS) Related to Computer Hardware Servicing

SKILL-POWER Computer Hardware Date Developed: Document No.

ESD (Electrostatic Discharge)

Anti stati c Wrist Strap

The first, and easiest, one to implement is the

Anti stati c Bags for Parts

Antistatic bags are important tools to have at your

ESD Stati c Mats

It is possible for a device to be damaged by simply

SKILL-POWER Computer Hardware Date Developed: Document No.

SKILL-POWER Computer Hardware Date Developed: Document No.

Answer Key 1.1-1

Any of the Flowing

 Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with organization

 Be careful with tools that may cause short circuit.

 Don’t eat or drinks while working.

 Use Antistatic Wrist Strap

 Use Antistatic Mat

 Use Antistatic Bag

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2

A workstation is a high-end personal computer designed for technical or