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Ar Instructions Stock Piping Reco m endations

Design Information

GENERAL INFORMATION PIPING RECOMMENDATIONS

The term "Stock Piping" as used in this
manual, applies to the pipe lines in a paper
miil designed to convey stock . This manual
has been prepared as a guide to help Beloit's
customers install the stock system for their
paper machine .
.1 . Stock pipes should be made of a non-
corrosive material such as stainless
steel. Inside surfaces must be smooth .
2. Flanges and gaskets should be concentric
with pipe inside diameters to avoid stock
buildup at sharp corners.

TOP VIEW

LOWER
QUADRANT

45 DEGREES ~
OR LESS

FLOW

V a 7 TO 14 FPS
(128 TO 256 mpm)

HORIZONTAL

Figure 1 . Main Lines and Secondary Entrance Lines Pitched Upward from the Horizontal

BELOIT CORPORATION Manual

PAPER MACHINERY D1V18iON L 008-10003
June 1981
l6tO1T, WISCONSIN, LLSA . 20130029501
Printed in
U.S.A. 1
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 1'h
. 12
HORIZONTAL
Figure 2 . Vertical Une to Avoid Obstructions
3. "Metalap Flanges", or fiaages where the
male and female sides are machined to
be exactly concentric with pipe LD . (no
gasket), should be used between screen
and headbox in machines where opti-
mum cleanliness must be maintained.
NOTE: See Beloit manual "Metalap
Flange - Welding Instructions" (L 008-
10002) .
4. All interior welds and interior surfaces
must be polished so that a cotton ball
passed over them will not hang up fibers.
Aversge surface roughness of welds
should be less than 150 mioroinches
(3.8 micrometers).
5 . All joints should be flush .
8. All pipe lines should be adequately
supported .
7. Avoid any sharp corners or combination
of circumstances that may be conducive
to stock deposits.
8. Pipes should be sized for 7 fps (128 mpm)
minimum velocity and 14 _ fps (256 mpm)
ma:imum velocity .
F
INSTALLATI O N
i. All pipe lines should be pitched upward
in the directfon of tlow at 1-1/2 to 12 (or
2
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iW
V= 7 TO 14 FPS
7 degrees) minimum (Figure i), wherever
possible.
2 Secondary entrance lines (Figure 1)
should enter main pipe in a lower quad-
rant, pitched up at a slope greater than
the slope of the main pipe, and not more
than 45 degrees from the direction of
main pipe.
3. If it is impossible to reach an objective
at this pitch, the pipe lines should drop
vertically where necessary . High points
should be vented to the wire pit (or seal
pit) and pipe continued, sloping upward
in the flow direction (Figure 2) .
NOTE: A high point is any pipe location
that will collect air due to a change
in flow direction. .
4. Horizontal lines which are impossible to
slope due to equipment location should
be designed for a velocity of 10 fps (183
mpm) minimum . See (Figure 3).
V= 10 FPS MINIM M
(183mpm
Figure 3. Sizing Hori=ontai Piping
2030029502
02
 STUFF BOX
r

HEADBOX

1'h====.
12 FROM
RECIRCULATION
(2 TO 3) x D
SYSTEM

Figure 4 . Typical Piping from Stuff Box to Fan Pump Suction

C
5. Install drain in all low points. Drain plug 10. Pit or silo outlets such as fan pump suc-
should be flush with pipe LD . if located tion line should be designed with a
between screen and headboz . transition piece (Figure 5) . The sub-
NOTE: A low point is any location that merged height in feet (m) should be
cannot be drained unless an addi- equal to or greater than the numerical
tion outlet is provided. value of the velocity in feet per second
(mps) of the outlet
6. Locate stuff box as clolme as possible to
pump suction. Drop stock line vertically
and then slope upward 1 .5 to 12 mini-
mum to enter fan pump suction. (Figure H (FT.)= V (FPS)
4). H (M)&V (MPS)
7. Heavy stock line between stuff box and
basis weight valve should be sized at 2
to 4 fps (36 to 72 mpm). Use line siae
identical to valve siae between basis
weight valve and suction side of fan
PUMP-
8. Locate basis weight valve well below
silo level - preferably two to three '"pipe
V
diameters" above bottom elbow (Figure
4). t
9. The level in the stuff box should be a 12
minimum of 15 feet (4500 mm) above the
level in the silo (Figure 4) . Figure 5 . Pit or Silo Outlet
2030029503
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 11 . Vortexing (swirling action) of stock is
caused by not maintaining adequate
submergence above a discharge opening ;
for example : an elevated stuff box. The
submerged height in feet (m) should be
equal to or greater than the numerical
value of discharge velocity in feet per
second (mps). See Figure 6.
12. All lines entering chests, pits, or silos
should be submerged and equipped with
a transition piece. Mazimum velocity
from the outlet of the transition piece
should be .5 fps to 2.5 fps (9 to 46 mpm)
higher than the main flow channel velo-
city, to ensure good mizing, and prevent
"back flow" . If a valve is used, it should
be located below the liquid level to pre-
vent flow from cascading (water fall) .
See Figure 7. See Beloit manual "Cheek-
ing Piece Bleeds (with Skimmer Piping)"
J 006-10011 for variations in silo en-
trance lines for bleeds and skimmer
discharge piping.
Figure 6 . DFscharge Opening
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13. Pipe reducers or increasers used in
sloped piping should be made of a non-
symmetrical conical section . Top sur-
face (Figure 8) should be designed to
allow free movement of air and avoid air
pockets . Bottom surface (Figure 9)
should allow good drainage when wash-
ing the pipe lines . Side slopes of pipe
increaser (Figure 8) should be limited
(1:16) where possible, to prevent flow
separation from side walls and the
formation of eddy currents . Otherwise
slope should be determined by available
commercial sizes, but no more than 1 :3.
14. Whenever possible, a minimum of 6 feet
to 8 feet (1800 to 2400 mm) straight pipe
should preceed the inlet of the headbox
header.
NOTE : See Beloit manual "Headbox Re-
circulation System" (J 006-10001) for
header balance and recirculation in-
structions.
H2
HI (FT.)> VI (FPS)
HI (M)LbV, (MPS)
H2 (FT .)>V2 (FPS)
H2 (M)_V2 (MPS)
2030029504 ~
 1 12
TOP VIEW OF
TRANSITION PIECE

rq
.. ..~ ~--s
VALVE- ~ •

,~l 12

t
TRANSITION 1/4
PIECE 12

e S = VALVE SUBMERGENCE

V= V CHANNEL * .5 FPS (9 MPM) MIN .

TO 2.5 FPS (46 MPM) MAX.

1/4

12

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 16

TOP
ViEW

1 :16 DESIRABLE TO PREVENT

FLOW SEPARATION FLOW
1 :3 MAX .

SIDE
VIEW

12

Figure 8. Pipe Increaser

16

FLOW

Figure 9 . Pipe Reducer

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 HEAO9oX
12
1'h

TRANSITION
PIECE ~r--- 6 TO 8 FT. ~~
(1800 TO 2400 MM)

Figure 10. Straight Pipe Before Header

D. 1 .5 to 3 fps (27 to 54 mpm)

CONCENTRIC PIPING
E. .5 to 25 fps (9 to 45 mpm) greater than
To provide proper mizing and flow at the surrounding fluid .
suction of the fan pump, a concentric piping
arrangement should be used as outlined in F . Velocity established by fan pump
Figure 11 . selection (normally 7 to 14 fps or 128
to 256 mpm) .
Flow velocities are indicated as follows :
The following design principles are offered
A. 2 to 4 fps (36 tfl 72 mpm) heavy stock .,
as guidelines:
B. 7 to 14 fps (128 to 256 mm) . This is nor-
0 When increasing area to meet velocity
mally system recirculation. requirements, taper piping as shown

C C. .3 to .5 fps (5 .5 to 9 mpm) . using 3 to 1 ratio minianum .

SECTION X-X
SHOWING PIPING ONLY

SECTION Y-Y

30
Figure 11 . Concentric Piping Arrangement (TYP. )

2030029507
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 0 One inch (25 mm) round bars welded in
position shown to support piping .
0 For general stock piping recommenda-
tions, refer to previous instructions in
this manual.
® All concrete or support structures to be
determined by others . All piping mater-
ial should be corrosion resistant.
0 Increase pipe siae to compensate for
area lost because of concentric pipe .
STUFF BOX
The function of a stuff box (Figure 12) is
two-fold : deareation of the heavy stock and
to provide a constant head over the basis
weight valve .
Stock flow velocities are as follows :
A. 2 to 4 fps (36 to 72 mpm) heavy stock .
B . 1 fps (18 mpm) .

© Piping for heavy stock after basis weight C . 1 fps (18 mpm) maximum .
valve to be same size as valve . D . 1 .5 fps (27 mpm) maximum .

/X~*~ ------------------- r
~ .75" RAD .
15° Q _f (19 MM)
, SLOPE
~_ = ;;: ~__ == ~-__ r
~

SECT . "A-A"

12.
AX . BYPASS GATE
(304 MM) OPERATOR AIR
CYLINDER ..c, .
FROM 0.-ft.
.5" REFINER
(13 MM)

p
A

u a n ~ i

Pq~

t7
~

OVERFLOW OVERFLOW
& BYPASS & BYPASS
Figure 12. Stuff Box Flow Velocities and Design Principles
0 J© 02 9 50 8
8

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 Design notes: As indicated in Figure 14, these design
principles should be observed :
0 All interior surfaces in contact with
stock must be corrosion resistant . All
interior welds must pass cotton test . 0 The desired minimum retention time for
deaeration in the flow channel is 30
seconds from downspout to silo proper
0 Dimensions "a" and "b" sized for a maxi-
at velocity shown . This area to be kept
mum velocity of 1 foot per second (18
mpm) . horizontal.

0 Eight seconds deaeration time from 0 Narrowing of channel in change of direc-

points "d" to "e" . tion of flow is to accelerate flow to
maintain cleanliness .
® Liquid level 240 inches (6096 mm) above
silo liquid level.
0 Typical slopes (1/4 to 12), downward as
shown, to maintain self drainage.
0 6 z"c" or 50 inches (1270 mm), whichever
is greater.
® Typical slopes (1-1/2 to 12) shown up-
wards to prevent air accumulation and
subsequent dirt and slime buildup .

0 Adjustable wood weir to permit level

WIRE PIT AND SILO control at least 6 inches (150 mm) below
Wire pit and silo design should follow the to 12 inches (300 mm) above weir set-up
guidelines as outlined in Figures 13 and 14 . dimension, 2 inch (50 mm) minimum

• (to provide proper deaeration and stability) .

Stock flow velocities (Figure 13) are as

liquid level over weir . (To be determined
by others:)

follows:
® A continuous silo overflow of 100 gpm / ft.
(1240 lpm/m) of wire width is recom-
A. 1.25 to 1 .75 fps (23 to 32 mpm). mended to maintain a stable and foam
free liquid level at the fan pump suction .
B. 1.0to 1 .25 fps (18to23mpm) .

C. .3 to .5 fps (5.4 to 9 mpm). 0 Assuming 100% of total flow through

wet end downspouts, use 1 .25 fps (23
D . 1.5 to 3.0 fps (27 to 54 mpm). mpm) to find liquid depth .

E . 2.0 to 4.0 fps (36 to 72 mpm) heavy stock .

® All concrete or support structure to be
determined by others .
F . 7.0 to 14.0 fps (128 to 256 mpm) .
9 All interior surfaces of couch and wire
G. .5 to 2 .5 fps (9 to 45 mpm) greater than
pit to be tile-lined or equivalent.
surrounding fluid .

H. 1.0 to 3 .0 fps (18 to 54 mpm) . 10 Reference dimensions from fourdrinier

main assembly .
J. 3.0 to 5.0 fps (54 to 36 mpm) .

K. 1.75 to 2.0 fps (32 to 36 mpm) . 11 This dimension is determined by others .

C L Velocity established by fan pump

selection.
12 Thickness to be determined by structural
requirements.

2030029509 9

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 MAXIMUM
LIQUID
/ 01
LEVEL

SECTION
Y-Y SAVEALL DOWNSPOUTS
, '

r=1 F9
~ 1DIRT TRAP
Y B
.

BREAST ROLL COUCH ROLL

LIQUID
LEVEL
1
f-- B
--= 1 ~ COUCH PIT

(QESIGN
BY MILL)

SECTION
Z-Z

Figure 13. Wire Pit and Silo Stock Flow Velocities

10 2030029510
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 ® VANE ELBOW
~` ON SAVEALL PAN
(SEE FIGURE 15 FOR DETAILS)

SECTI ON
Y-Y

. o
~
4\Lrff Y 12 9~ ~y

4 , 0 ,, ,
®0

SECTION
Z-Z

Figure 14 . Design Principles for Wire Pit and Silo 2030029511

11
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VANED ELBOW
In high speed applications, a vaned elbow
with or without air evacuation may be re-
quired on the saveall pans of the forming
unit. Suggested design arrangement is shown
in Figure 15 with the following design notes :
0 Channel width, determined by flow re-
quirements, should match saveall
downspout outlet.
0 Channel height, determined by flow re-
quirements, should be approximately
twice calculated liquid depth .
0 To findMmultiply[2]z .7
® This dimension is 3 divided equally. If
E3 is less %q n 25 inches (63S mm), use
3 vanes. 3 Is greater than 25 inches
L° 0
Figure 15 . Vaned Elbow Design Principles
12
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(635 mm), use 4 vanes .
0 Size opening for velocity of 1 .25 to 1.75
fps (23 to 32 mpm) . Use flow from stock
piping data .
6 Multiply 0 x .7
0 This dimension is © divided equally .
Refer to ®
® Angle to be determined by space avail-
able . Thirty degree is recommended .
0 Air evacuation outlet (if required) .
110 It is recommended that a covered open-
ing is provided on side of elbow for
clean-out purposes.
ii Material thickness and size to be deter-
mined by structural requirements . All
material to be corrosion resistant
2030029512
 FAN PUMP SELECTION
Type of Fan Pump
Beloit's best recommendation for the type
of secondary fan pump (the pump feeding the
headbox) is a variable speed . centrifugal
pump. Variable speed pumps are more adapt-
able to changing flow rates than constant
speed pump-Stream Flow Valve combinations ;
and, therefore, we feel variable speed drives
provide a more stable flow to the headbox over
a range of flow rates . Variable speed pumps
adapt readily to automatic spouting velocity
controls and provide for gradual start-up to
eliminate shock loading of equipment. These
pumps should always be equipped with the
most precise speed controls available.
Primary fan pumps being located farther
down the piping from the paper machine wet
end aren't quite as crucial to the proper per-
formance of the headboz, but they should be
selected to perform as efficiently as possible
in order that they cause minimum pulsations
and piping vibrations . The choice of constant
speed or variable speed drive should be made
on the basis of the anticipated pump flow
t range. Generally, primary pumps operate
with fairly constant flows, so constant speed
drives would ordinarily be acceptable .
Pulsation and Vibration
Fan pumps should be selected which
produce an absolute minimum of pulsation
and vibration. A stable "D .C." flow to the
headbox is of paramount importance when
seeking to maintain a uniform basis weight
profile. Flow stability becomes most crucial
as sheet weights decrease . Beloit has recently
performed extensive test correlating fan
pump, stock system pulsations and basis
weight variation . It was established that .06
psi (.0035 kg/ sq cm) peak to peak pressure
variation at 10 cps measured at the headbor
is a desirable mazimum pulse level. Taking
into consideration normal stock system at-
tenuation of pulses . it is therefore, recom-
mended that a mazimum of .15 psi (.0105 kg/
sq cm) peak to -peak pressure variation be
maintained at the fan pump discharge . It
appears that all pump suppliers are having
difficulty meeting this restriction although
some by actual test have approached it .
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The nature of centrifugal pumps makes
some vibration and pulsation inevitable but
pump attributes which increase the frequency
and decrease the amplitude of predominant
disturbances are highly desirable . In fact .
once per impeller revolution pressure vibra-
tion cycles have been found to be most detri-
mental to the paper making process . Since
the secondary fan pump is closest to the
headboa. it is essential that this pump per-
form as smoothly as possible . Items which
enhance pump performance are as follows :
1. Pumps should be selected for a mazi-
mum impeller rpm .
2 . The impeller should have a mazimum
number of vanes .
3. The impeller vanes should be split,
staggered, and skewed if a double suc-
tion pump is selected .
4 The impeller must be properly balanced
and obviously must not operate near
critical speeds . The impeller must be
hydraulically as well as mechanically
balanced, that is, there should be pro-
vision for equal flow through each of
the impeller channels .
5. Impeller deflection must be minimized .
6. The suction head of the pump should
well exceed mazimum NPSH ("Net
Positive Suction Head") requirements .
CLEANLINESS
Hoth . . primary and secondary pumps
should be of clean, smooth joint construction .
This is essential for the secondary pump if no
screen will be downstream to remove any
strings or lumps before the headbox . The
interior surfaces of the pump and impeller
should be sufficiently smooth so that cotton
can be passed over without hanging up fibers .
The flanges of the pump must be concentric
with the mating piping . Fresh water purges
should be used at the pump seals . It would be
wise to investigate stainless steel pump con-
struction to minimize corrosion damage of
the pump interior.
2030029513 13

PULSATION STUDY
A complete pulsation study is usually
necessary to identify system stability for a
specific piping arrangement. From t,his study
a better determination of potential problems
can be made.
The more accurate and precise the infor-
mation furnished, the more accurate the
pulsation study will be. Typical measure-
ment locations are:
1. Before pump 6. After screens
2 After pump T. Before stream flow valve
3 . Before cleaners 8. After stream flow vavle
4 After cleaners 9 Before headboz
5. Before screens 10 . Aiter headbox
Two locations may be measured from one tap :
After cleaners and before screens . '
Pipe taps should be made according to
Beloit recommendation. Any other points of
interest can also be measured if desired .
A schematic of your stock approach sys-
tem should be sent to Beloit to be marked
where suggested taps should be located .
Taps should be located at least one pipe
diameter away from any elbows, pumps,
screens, valves or other pipe line obstruc- ,
tions if possible .
Pump speeds and screen speeds will need
to be lmown during the study .
The number of vanes on the pump impel-
lers and the number of foils on screen rotors
will also be needed .
The following taps (Figures 16 and 17)
do not allow air to collect at tap locations
and provide an unobstructed "view" into the
pipe. Do not locate taps on elbows . Allow
12-18 inches (300 to 450 mm) of clearance
beyond the end of ball valve for transducer
installation.
BELOIT PRESSURE TAP
(P/N 2AY29461)

1" (25 MM)

~
Horizontal Pipe Run 1" (25 MM)
NPT PIPE NIPPLE
FEMALE NPT

BELOIT PRESSURE
TAP (P/N 2AY29461)

1" (25 MM)

FEMALE NPT
1" (25 MM)
Horizontal Pipe Run NPT BALL VALVE

Verticai Pipe Run

PRESSURE TAP (P/N 2AY29461)
SEAL PIN (P/N 2AY29462)
SEAL PIN CAP
(P/N 2BR18306)
Pressure tap arrangement
during normal paper machine
operation . See Beloit drawing
8-5703-0003

Vertical Pipe Run

Figure 16. Suggested Tap Before Screens Figure .17 . Suggested Tap After Screens

14 2430029514
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 i
v ~ 1/2" (12 .5 MM) MALE NPT
3/4" (19 MM) MALE NPT BUSHING
1" (25 MM ) NPT BUSHING
Figure 18. Typical Transducer
Transducer Information
Beloit transducer (Figure 18) can be easily
coupled to i inch (25 mm), 3/4 inch (19 mm) or
1/2 inch (12 .5 mm) female pipe threads with
the use of different pipe bushinga . The 1 inch
(25 mm) female pipe thread is the preferred
hook up.
SUMMARY
The following are necessary require-
ments of any stock piping system to ensure
~ stable, uniform conditions for the paper
machine :
1. Uniform flow at uniform consistency .
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2. Proper valve selection and location.
3. Constant levels for control and pumping
equipment .
4. A complete approach to air entrainment .
5. Proper pump siaing.
8. Proper equipment selection .
7. Proper pipe sizing for correct velocities .
8. Proper materisls selection.
9. Correct installation of all devices .
10. Adherence to pitched pipe principles.
A properly designed, installed, and main-
tained stock system is the best investment to
the smooth operation of the entire paper
macbine.
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