ENC211-0290/2017 LEAH WANGECHI NELIUS 1

HYDRAULICS 1

V NOTCH EXPERIMENT

ENC211-0290/2017

LEAH WANGECHI NELIUS

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INTRODUCTION
A weir is a barrier across a river designed to alter the flow characteristics. In most cases weirs

take the form of obstructions smaller than most conventional dams, pooling water behind them

while also allowing it to flow steadily over their tops. Weirs are commonly used to alter the

flow of rivers to prevent flooding, measure discharge, and help render rivers navigable. In some

places the crest of an overflow spillway on a large dam may also be called a weir. Besides, the

notch and weir are almost the same except the former is a small structure and has sharp edges.

Basically, a weir and notch are used for measuring the flow.

In this experiment, the (V) notch weirs are being used. They consist of a sharp edges with a

rectangular, (V) notch profile for the water flow. Broad-crested weirs can be observed in dam

spillways where the broad edges is beneath the water surface across the entire stream. Flow

measurement installation with broad- crested weirs will meet accuracy requirements only if they

are calibrated.

OBJECTIVES

1. To observe the state of a flow over a V-notch.

2. To determine the relationship between the discharge and the head above the notch.

3. To compare the theoretical discharge and the actual discharge.

4. To compare the coefficient of discharge obtained by the experiment with that by British

Standard (BS 3680, Part 4A).

APPARATUS

1) A steady water supply system (Equipment-1)

2) An approach channel with a hook gauge (Equipment-1)

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3) A sharp-edged V-notch (Equipment-1)

4) A discharge measurement device (a bucket, a steel container and a weighing balance)

5 A stop watch

6) A thermometer 7) a steel tape measure

PROCEDURE

1) Measure the width of the approach channel and the height off the crest with the steel tape

measure.

2) Measure the temperature of water.

3) Measure the crest level of the V-notch with the hook gauge it is taken after the approach

channel is filled up to the crest level with the water.

4) Start the operation of the steady water supply system and set the discharge small with the gate

valve.

5) After the flow becomes steady, measure the water level with the hook gauge. 6) Measure the

discharge with the bucket and the weighing balance.

7) Increase the discharge a little, and repeat Procedure 5) and 6). If the discharge is so large that

the water cannot be collected with the bucket, the steel container should be used in place of it.

DATA ANALYSIS

Width of channel=61 cm =0.61m

Temperature= 190C
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Crest level=0.231m

Mass of bucket=0.5kg

H of crest (z) =12.5 cm

Ꝋ=90o 1/2 angle= 45o

TOT MASS VOLU TI DISCH MEA REA HE H THEOR Cd K

AL OF ME*1 M ARGE* N DIN AD( / ETICA

MAS WAT 0-3M3 E 10- DISC G H) Z L

S(K ER(K (S) 3M3/S HAR DISCH

G G) GE ARGE*

(Qa) 10-

3M3/S
5.3 4.8 4.80E- 3.5 0.0014 0.0014 0.177 0.05 0. 0.0049 0.2 2.0

03 5 4 36 4 764 446
5.3 4.8 0.0048 3.4 0.0014
3 2 9
9
6.2 5.7 0.0057 4.2 0.0013

4
6.1 5.6 0.0056 3.5 0.0016 0.0016 0.171 0.05 0. 0.0064 0.2 1.7

2 4 96 4 414 873
7.2 6.7 0.0067 4.3 0.0015
8 3 8
8
7.2 6.7 0.0067 4.3 0.0015

8
6.7 6.2 0.0062 3.4 0.0018 0.0018 0.168 0.06 0. 0.0073 0.2 1.8

5 35 27 5 434 016
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7.2 6.7 0.0067 3.8 0.0017 7 5

9
7.2 6.7 0.0067 3.7 0.0018

2
7.2 6.7 0.0067 3.0 0.0022 0.0022 0.162 0.06 0. 0.0093 0.2 1.7

1 9 5 335 271
6.8 6.3 0.0063 2.9 0.0021
5 1 5
6
7.4 6.9 0.0069 3.2 0.0021

6
7.4 6.9 0.0069 2.7 0.0025 0.0025 0.157 0.07 0. 0.011 0.2 1.6

5 1 39 5 276 839
7.7 7.2 0.0072 2.8 0.0025
9 9 5
9
7.1 6.6 0.0066 2.6 0.0025

3
8.5 8 0.008 2.6 0.003 0.0031 0.154 0.07 0. 0.0121 0.2 1.8

9 3 67 6 529 720
9.5 9 0.009 2.9 0.003
1 2
9
8.3 7.8 0.0078 2.4 0.0032

7
Mean value Cdn= 0.24590

Mean value Km= 1.81947

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DISCUSSION

Why is the actual discharge less than the theoretical discharge- the actual discharge is less

than the theoretical discharge due to the effect of surface tension and friction from the external

fluid.

When it comes to data collection in the weir experiment, there are possibilities of wrong

data and this is caused by the factors listed below; device fabrication i.e., weirs must adhere to

specific dimensions, alteration of these dimensions will lead to doubtful data. Second, point of

measurement. In weirs, head is taken at the primary point of measurement which is the upstream

of the critical section of the device. A third factor is flow meter calibration. If calibrated

wrongly, a systematic offset will be introduced into the system. Lastly, device range. Each flume

has a range of flow of heads within which they will accurately measure the flow. When flows fall

outside this range either higher or lower, the device will no longer be accurate.
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References