KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE Exam Assessment

KALIMATI, KATHMANDU Level B. E. Full Marks 50

2075 Program BCT A Pass Marks 20
Year/Part I/II Time 2 Hrs

Fundamental of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

 Attempt all questions

 Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. Write down general mass conservation and energy conservation equation for a steady
state and reduce them for an adiabatic turbine. 5

2. Define Isentropic Process. Derive expression for pressure and temperature relationship
for an ideal gas undergoing isentropic process. 5

3. Sketch ideal Vapour compression refrigeration cycle and explain the processes on P-h
and T-s diagrams. 5

4. Write down the expressions for thermal resistance for a plane wall, a hollow cylinder and
convective layer of fluid. 5

5. A piston is free to move between two sets of stops in a piston cylinder device shown in
Figure 5 when the piston rests on the bottom stops, the volume is 0.3 m3 and when the
piston reaches the upper stops, the volume is0.6 m 3. The system initially contains water at
100 kPa with a quality10 %. Heat is supplied to the system until it contains only saturated
vapor. The mass of the piston is such that a pressure of 250 kPa is required to lift the
piston. Sketch the process on P−v and T −v diagrams and determine
a. the final pressure 8
b. the total work transfer, and Figure 5
c. the total heat transfer.

6. Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 5 MPa ,5000 C and with a velocity of 50 m/s and
exits at 50 kPa, 1000 C and with a velocity of 150 m/ s. If the power output of the turbine
is 5 MW , determine
8
 a. the mass flow rate of steam flowing through the turbine, and
b. the isentropic efficiency of the turbine
7. The compression ratio of an air standard Otto cycle is 8. At the beginning of the
compression process, the pressure and temperature of air are 100 kPa and 200 C
respectively. The heat added per kg of air during the cycle is 2000 k J /kg. Determine:
a. the pressure and temperature at the end of each process of the cycle,
b. the thermal efficiency, and 8
c. the mean effective pressure.

8. A furnace wall is made of 20 cm of magnesite brick and 20 cm of common brick. The

magnesite brick is exposed to hot gases at 13550C and common brick outer surface is
exposed to 450C room air. The surface heat transfer coefficient of the inside wall is 34
W/m2K and that of the outside wall is 20 W/m2K respectively. Thermal conductivities of
magnesite and common brick are 3.8 and 0.66 W/mK respectively. Determine:
a. heat loss per m2 area of the furnace wall and 6
b. temperature at the interface of magnesite brick and common brick.
 Properties of SATURATED WATER – Pressure Table
P T vl vlg vg ul ulg ug hl hlg hg sl slg sg
0
kPa C m3/kg m3/kg m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg.K kJ/kg.K kJ/kg.K
80 93.51 0.001038 2.0866 2.0876 391.6 2106. 2498. 391.7 2273. 2665. 1.2330 6.2009 7.4339
1 3 7 3 1 6 3
90 96.71 0.001041 1.8688 1.8698 405.1 2097. 2502. 405.2 2265. 2670. 1.2696 6.1247 7.3943
3 1 1 2 0 3 5
100 99.63 0.001043 1.6933 1.6943 417.4 2088. 2505. 417.5 2257. 2675. 1.3027 6.0562 7.3589
2 1 3 7 1 6 1
101.3 100.0 0.001043 1.6727 1.6737 418.9 2087. 2506. 419.0 2256. 2675. 1.3069 6.0476 7.3545
2 0 6 1 1 6 6 7
125 105.9 0.001048 1.3742 1.3752 444.2 2068. 2513. 444.3 2240. 2685. 1.3741 5.9100 7.2841
9 5 9 2 8 7 1
150 111.3 0.001053 1.1584 1.1595 467.0 2052. 2519. 467.1 2226. 2693. 1.4338 5.7894 7.2232
8 2 4 4 8 2 4
175 116.0 0.001057 1.0027 1.0038 486.8 2037. 2524. 487.0 2213. 2700. 1.4851 5.6866 7.1717
7 9 8 7 8 3 4
200 120.2 0.001060 0.8848 0.8859 504.5 2024. 2529. 504.8 2201. 2706. 1.5304 5.5968 7.1272
4 9 8 4 0 7 5
225 124.0 0.001064 0.7923 0.7934 520.5 2012. 2533. 520.8 2191. 2712. 1.5708 5.5172 7.0880
1 9 9 5 3 2 0
250 127.4 0.001067 0.7177 0.7188 535.2 2001. 2537. 535.4 2181. 2716. 1.6075 5.4454 7.0529
4 2 9 1 9 3 8
275 130.6 0.001070 0.6563 0.6574 548.7 1991. 2540. 549.0 2172. 2721. 1.6411 5.3800 7.0211
1 3 8 5 2 3 3

475 149.9 0.001090 0.3923 0.3934 631.5 1927. 2559. 632.0 2114. 2746. 1.8415 4.9971 6.8386
4 6 8 4 7 2 3
500 151.8 0.001093 0.3738 0.3749 639.8 1921. 2561. 640.3 2108. 2748. 1.8610 4.9604 6.8214
7 4 4 2 8 2 6
550 155.4 0.001097 0.3415 0.3426 655.4 1908. 2564. 656.0 2096. 2752. 1.8977 4.8917 6.7894
9 8 9 4 8 8 9
600 158.8 0.001101 0.3145 0.31560 670.0 1897. 2567. 670.7 2086. 2756. 1.9315 4.8286 6.7601
6 5 3 3 1 0 7
650 162.0 0.001104 0.2915 0.2926 683.7 1886. 2569. 684.4 2075. 2760. 1.9631 4.7699 6.7330
2 1 2 9 2 8 2
700 164.9 0.001108 0.2717 0.2728 696.5 1875. 2572. 697.3 2066. 2763. 1.9925 4.7154 6.7079
8 8 8 4 5 0 3
750 167.7 0.001111 0.2544 0.2555 708.7 1865. 2574. 709.5 2056. 2766. 2.0203 4.6642 6.6845
9 6 8 6 9 6 2

Table A2.4: Properties of Superheated Steam

P T v u h s P T v u h s
0
kPa C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg.K kPa 0
C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg.K
(0.03944
50 (81.33) (3.2408) (2483.3) (2645.3) (7.5928) 5000 (263.98) (2596.5) (2793.7) (5.9725)
)
100 3.4188 2511.2 2682.1 7.6941 300 0.04530 2697.0 2923.5 6.2067
150 3.8895 2585.2 2779.7 7.9394 350 0.05193 2808.0 3067.7 6.4482
200 4.3560 2659.4 2877.2 8.1572 400 0.05781 2906.5 3195.5 6.6456
250 4.8205 2734.5 2975.6 8.3548 450 0.06330 2999.8 3316.3 6.8187
300 5.2840 2811.0 3075.2 8.5367 500 0.06856 3091.1 3433.9 6.9760
350 5.7469 2888.9 3176.2 8.7057 550 0.07367 3181.8 3550.2 7.1218
400 6.2094 2968.3 3278.8 8.8640 600 0.07869 3272.8 3666.2 7.2586
450 6.6717 3049.3 3382.9 9.0132 650 0.08362 3364.5 3782.6 7.3882
500 7.1338 3132.0 3488.7 9.1547 700 0.08850 3457.1 3899.7 7.5117
750 0.09334 3551.0 4017.7 7.6300
800 0.09815 3646.3 4137.0 7.7438
850 0.1029 3742.9 4257.5 7.8536