MY DEAR STUDENTS ,

For your asynchronous sessions , the following are the doctrines to remember to be invoked in the
Issuance Stage of Negotiable Instruments under Act 2031 :

1. Doctrine of Negotiability of a Financial Instrument : Section 1

2. Doctrine of Negotiable Instrument from a Non-negotiable Instrument of Payment : Section 1
and Civil Code
3. Doctrine of Date : Section 2 , 4 , 7 and 11.
4. Doctrine of Source of Fund : Section 3 .
5. Doctrine of Unconditionality : Section 5.
6. Doctrine of Blank document : Section 6 and Section 13.
7. Doctrine of Revocability : Section 16.
8. Doctrine of Insertion and Completeness of Instrument : Section 14.
9. Doctrine of Negotiation : Section 30
10. Doctrine of Right of Delivery of Bearer Instruments : Section 9 and 15.
11. Doctrine of Delivery of Order Instrument : Section 8 and 15
12. Doctrine of Signatory to a Negotiable Instrument : Section 191; Section 18, 19 , 20, 21, 22 and
29
13. Doctrine on Forged Instruments : Section 23
A) As to Maker or Drawer’s signature : case law
B) As to Payee or Indorsee’s signature : case law

14.Doctrine as to Holder of the Instrument : Section 2 4, 25, 26 , 28 and 52.

15.Doctrine of Shelter Principle :Section 58

16.Doctrine as to Rights and Liabilities of Parties :

A) Maker - Section 60

B)As to Drawer - Section 61

C)As to Acceptor - Section 62

D)As to Indorsee - Section 63.

Please wait for my video discussion . Stay safe and always hope for the Best for all of us.

Atty. FE
5 April 2021