CREED REVIEW CENTER

COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW THROUGH ENHANCED EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 5
SOCIOLOGY OF CRIMES & ETHICS WITH HUMAN RELATIONS

POLICE ETHICS AND VALUES WITH POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS

ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACTS

PART ONE
1. KNOWINGLY - when the person fully understands what he
is doing and has the ability to appreciate the consequences
GENERAL AND SPECIAL ETHICS
of his actions
2. DELIBERATELY - when the person did his actions
ETHICS
intentionally
- the science of the morality of human acts
3. FREELY - when the person performed his actions
- the study of the human motivation, and ultimately of
voluntarily
human rational behavior
- derived from the Greek word, ethos, which means
characteristic way of acting and ethikos, which means
THREE DOMAINS OF HUMAN ACTIONS
customary
- Ethics employs the faculty of human reasoning in
1. DOMAIN OF CODIFIED LAW – values and standards are
tackling the important question of what makes an
written into the legal systems and enforceable in the courts.
upright life. Ethics is therefore a noble and important
2. DOMAIN OF ETHICS – (obedience is to enforceable norms
science.
and standards about which the individuals or organization
- It means a branch of philosophy dealing with what are
aware.)
good and bad with moral duty and obligation
3. DOMAIN OF FREE CHOICE – this is pertain to behavior
- A set of principles of right conduct. It is a set of moral
about which law has to say and for which an individual or
values: the Principle of conduct governing an individual
organization enjoys complete freedom, example of
or a group. Refers to practical science of the normality
choosing a marriage partner or religion. (Obedience is
of human conduct. A theory or a system of moral
strictly to oneself.)
values.
POLICE IDEALS – is the expected essence of perfection,
HABITS - on the other hand is applied to an individual and
sympathetic, courtesies, intelligent, honest and in control of his
implies the repetition of the same action as to develop a natural,
emotions and temper, at all times. It also includes courage and
spontaneous or rooted tendency or inclination to perform it. For
highest sense of dedication to duty.
example, he has an annoying habit of interrupting the speaker.
TWO DIVISIONS OF ETHICS
PRACTICE- means a regularly followed procedure or pattern in
conducting activities.
1. GENERAL ETHICS - the study of the general principles of
morality
ETIQUETTE- means observance of social norms as required by
good breeding, e.g. table manner, dress code, etc.
2. SPECIAL ETHICS - the study of the application of the
general principles of morality; included in this division is
MORALITY - the quality which makes an act good or bad, good
the category of professional ethics
or evil, right or wrong

MORALS - have a greater social element to values and tend to

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - a set of moral code to which every
have a very broad acceptance.
profession must subscribe; guides the professional where the
law is silent or inadequate
MORAL DISTINCTIONS
POLICE ETHICS
1. moral - good, right
- an example of professional ethics
2. immoral - bad, wrong
- a practical science that treats the principle of human
3. amoral - neither good nor bad
morality and duty as applied to law enforcement
HUMAN ACTS - acts that are done knowingly, deliberately and
VALUES – anything that a person considers important in life,
freely
such as material things, ideas and experiences

KINDS OF VALUES
1. BIOLOGICAL VALUES - those that are necessary for
survival, such as food, shelter, clothing, sex, water, sleep;
include the physiological needs of man as man
2. PSYCHOLOGICAL VALUES - those are that are
necessary for emotional fulfillment of man, such as
relationships, companionship, family, friendships, love
3. INTELLECTUAL VALUES - those that are necessary for
the intellectual fulfillment of man, such as achievements,
career, success
4. MORAL VALUES - those that are necessary for the
spiritual fulfillment of man
VIRTUE
- A habit that inclines the person to act in a way that
harmonizes with his nature
- The habit of doing good
- The opposite is vice, the habit of doing bad
FOUR MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES
1. PRUDENCE - the ability to govern and discipline oneself by
means of reason and sound judgment; the virtue that
attracts the intellect to choose the most effective means for
accomplishing what is morally good and avoiding what is
evil
2. TEMPERANCE - one’s ability to moderate or avoid
something; the virtue that regulates the carnal appetite for
sensual pleasures
Note: TEMPTATIONS happens when the individual
practice double standards, where public servants take
advantage of their positions for special favors, rather
than higher standards of exemplary behavior.
3. FORTITUDE
- firmness of mind
- the courage to endure without yielding
- the virtue that incites courage
ELEMENTS OF FORTITUDE
a. PATIENCE – calmness and composure in
enduring situations
b. PERSEVERANCE – the ability to go on
despite the obstacles
c. ENDURANCE – the ability to last
4. JUSTICE - the virtue that inclines the will to give to each
one of his rights
THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE
a. COMMUTATIVE - virtue that regulates those actions that
involve the rights that exist between one and another
b. DISTRIBUTIVE - Regulates those actions that involve the
rights than an individual may claim from society
c. LEGAL - virtue that regulates those actions which society
may justly require of the individual for the common good
RIGHT
- anything that is owed or due
- something to which a person has a just and lawful
claim
- anything that a person can lawfully demand
HUMAN RIGHTS
- rights pertaining to the rights of man
- rights inherent to man by virtue of being a human
being
- are the supreme, inherent and inalienable rights to
life, dignity and to self-development
BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS
1. RIGHT TO LIFE
Exceptions:
- self-defense
- death under exceptional circumstances
- death penalty
2. RIGHT TO LIBERTY
Exceptions:
- for reasons of public health and public safety
- penalty for commission of a crime
- circumstances of warrantless arrests
3. RIGHT TO PROPERTY
Exceptions:
- circumstances of warrantless search
- by virtue of court order
BILL OF RIGHTS
- a list of individual liberties, freedom and rights which
are guaranteed and protected under Article III of the
1987 Philippine Constitution
- protection of individuals against abuses of the state
- protection of the rights of an accused
DUTY
- anything we are obliged to do or to omit
- a moral obligation incumbent upon a person of doing,
omitting or avoiding
- for every right, there is a corresponding duty
PART TWO
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS
BACKGROUND ON THE PNP CODE OF PROFESSIONAL
CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS
SECTION 37, RA 6975 - “There shall be established a
performance evaluation system which shall be administered in
accordance with the rules, regulations and standards, and A
CODE OF CONDUCT promulgated by the Commission for
members of the PNP…”
NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION NO 92-4
- resolution issued by the NAPOLCOM approving the
draft of the Philippine National Police Code of
Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards by the
PNP
- approved on 12 March 1992
PURPOSES OF THE CODE
1. To foster individual efficiency, behavioral discipline and
organizational effectiveness, as well as respect for
constitutional and human rights of citizens, democratic
 principles and ideals and the supremacy of civilian authority
over the military;
2. To set the moral tone and norms of professional conduct in
the police service;
3. To provide moral and ethical guidance to all PNP members;
and
4. To enlighten members of the police service of what
behavior is really acceptable – to define what is permitted
and what is prohibited.
LAWS RELATED TO THE PNP CODE OF ETHICS
1. RA 3019 – Anti-Graft and Corruption Practices Act
2. RA 6713 – Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards
for Public Officials and Employees
3. RA 7080 – Anti-Plunder Act
4. RA 9485 – the Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007
5. PLEB Rules and Regulations
IMPORTANT TERMS
NON-FEASANCE - the failure to perform an act or duty that is
part of one’s obligation without sufficient excuse; neglect of
duty
MALFEASANCE - the commission of an act that one is
prohibited to do; misconduct
MISFEASANCE - the improper or incorrect performance of an
act that should be done or performed; irregularities in the
performance of duty
INCOMPETENCY - lack of adequate ability and fitness for the
satisfactory performance of police duties; could be due to
physical or intellectual limitations or lack of skill
GRATUITIES – are material favors or gifts in return for service;
the universal code of ethics for law enforcers disapproves
gratuities.
TYPES OF GRATUITIES
1. "PASASALAMAT" - refers to the acceptance of gifts,
money or favor as a result of an act performed by a police
officer or public servant.
2. ""PABAGSAK" - used to denote the giving of money or
favor and acceptance of any public to perform his or her
functions.
3. ""PADULAS" - refers to the taking of money, gifts or favors
from others by a public servant to expedite the
performance of official functions.
DISLOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT - abandonment or
renunciation of one’s loyalty to the government of the
Philippines; advocating overthrowing the present
administration
POLICE DISCRETION - the act or the liberty to decide
according to the principles of justice and the police officer’s
ideas of what is right and proper under the circumstances
THE LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS
As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is
to serve mankind; to safeguard life and property; to protect the
innocent against deception; the weak against oppression or
intimidation; and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and
to respect the constitutional rights of all men, to liberty, equality
and justice.
I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to
all; maintain courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn or
ridicule; develop self-restraint and be constantly mindful of the
welfare of others. Honest in thought and deed in both my
personal and official life, I will be exemplary in obeying the laws
of the land and regulations of my organization. Whatever I see
or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me in my
official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is
necessary in the performance of my duty.
I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings,
prejudices, animosities or friendship to influence my decision.
With no compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution
of criminal, I will enforce the law courteously and appropriately,
without fear or favor, malice or ill-will, never employing
unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities in
return.
I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public
faith and I accept it as a public trust to be held so long as I am
true to the ethics of police service. I will never engage in acts of
corruption or bribery, nor will I condone such acts by other police
officers. I will cooperate with all legally authorized agencies and
their representatives in the pursuit of justice.
I know that I alone am responsible for my own standard
of professional performance and will take every reasonable
opportunity to enhance and improve my level of knowledge and
competence. I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives
and ideals, dedicating myself before God to my chosen
profession... law enforcement.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS
CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS
1. PRIMORDIAL POLICE RESPONSIBILITY - the primary
responsibility of the police is crime prevention
2. LIMITATION OF POLICE Authority - laws set limits to the
power of the police; police officers are not exempted from
obeying the laws they are enforcing
3. KNOWLEDGE OF THE LAW AND OTHER
RESPONSIBILITIES
- Police officers are expected to know and understand
the laws they are enforcing
- Police officers must fully understand their duties and
responsibilities as police officers
- Police officers must know and fully understand the
relationship of the PNP organization with other law
enforcement agencies and other government agencies
4. USE OF PROPER MEANS TO OBTAIN PROPER ENDS -
police officers must only employ legal methods in the
conduct of their work
5. COOPERATION WITH PUBLIC OFFICIALS - police
officers must cooperate with other public officials and
government agencies
6. PROPER CONDUCT AND BEHAVIOR - police officers
must always observe proper conduct and behavior both in
their personal and official life
7. CONDUCT TOWARDS THE COMMUNITY - police officers
must never forget that they are public servants
8. CONDUCT IN ARRESTING LAW VIOLATORS - police
officers must always adhere to the prescribed rules when
effecting arrests of suspects
9. FIRMNESS IN REFUSING GIFTS - police officers must
never ask for nor accept gifts or special favors
10. IMPARTIAL PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE - police
officers must be fair in presenting evidence
11. ATTITUDE TOWARDS POLICE PROFESSION - police
officers must have a high regard for the police profession
and must be proud that they are police officers; police
officers must strive to improve their knowledge and skills
in order be the best police officers that they can be
PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLE
1. PREVENTION OF CRIME AND DISORDER - it is the
primary objective of the police to prevent crime
2. COOPERATION OF THE COMMUNITY - the police is
dependent upon community support
3. UNREASONABLE FORCE REDUCES COMMUNITY
COOPERATION - the use of unreasonable force on the
part of the police negatively affects the desire of the people
to cooperate with the police
4. USE OF REASONABLE FORCE WHEN PERSUASION IS
NOT SUFFICIENT - the police may only use force when
dialogue is no longer effective and the degree of force to be
used must be reasonable
5. IMPARTIAL ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS - the police must
be fair in enforcing the laws
Note: Giving unfair breaks to friends and relatives is
called “NEPOTISM”
6. THE COMMUNITY ARE THE POLICE - the police and the
community are dependent on each other and must work
hand in hand to prevent crimes
7. POLICE SHOULD NOT USURP JUDICIAL POWER - the
police has no power or authority to decide whether a
suspect is guilty or innocent of a crime because only the
court has this power
8. RULES OF ENGAGEMENT IMPARTIALLY OBSERVED -
the police must always adhere to the prescribed procedures
in the performance of their duty
9. REDUCTION OF CRIME AND DISORDER - the
effectiveness of the police is measured through the ability
of the police to prevent crime
10. POLICE DISCRETION - the police must never abuse the
police discretion granted to them
PNP CORE VALUES
1. Love of God
2. Respect for Authority
3. Selfless Love and Service to People
4. Sanctity of Marriage and Respect for Women
5. Responsible Dominion and Stewardship over Material
Things
6. Truthfulness
POLICE OFFICER’S CREED
I. I believe in God, the Supreme Being, a Great Provider, and
the Creator of all men and everything dear to me. In return,
I cannot less than love Him above all, seek His guidance in
the performance of my sworn duties and honor Him at all
times.
II. I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I respect and
uphold the Constitution, the laws of the land and the
applicable rules and regulations. I recognize the legitimacy
and authority of the leadership, and follow and obey legal
orders of my superior officers.
III. I believe in selfless love and service to people. Towards
this end, I commit myself to the service of my fellowmen
over and above my personal convenience.
IV. I believe in the sanctity of marriage and respect for women.
I shall set the example of decency and morality and shall
have high regard for family life and chastity.
V. I believe in responsible dominion and stewardship over
material things. I shall inhibit myself from ostentatious
display of my property. I shall protect the environment and
conserve nature to maintain ecological balance. I shall
respect private and public properties and prevent others
from destroying them.
VI. I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be
trustworthy and I shall speak the truth at all times as
required by the profession.
PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES
1. PNP IMAGE - PNP shall live in accordance with the PNP
Core Values and shall possess the following virtues:
a. HONOR
b. INTEGRITY
c. VALOR – ability to sacrifice life and limbs for the
sake of country. Highest form of bravery.
d. JUSTICE
e. HONESTY – ability to keep the truth
f. HUMILITY – service without arrogance
g. CHARITY – ability to help the needy
h. LOYALTY TO SERVICE
2. CAREER MANAGEMENT - the PNP shall formulate and
implement policies and human resources development
system for all PNP personnel, from recruitment to
retirement
3. POLICE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP - the primary
basis for consideration in the selection of personnel for
employment and deployment shall be the individual’s
capabilities and competent leadership
4. EQUALITY IN THE SERVICE - there shall be judicious and
equitable distribution of opportunity to prove one’s worth in
the PNP service; the PNP shall strictly adhere to the rule of
merit and fitness system
5. DELICADEZA - all members of the PNP must have moral
courage to sacrifice self-interest
6. POLICE LIFESTYLE - the PNP shall endeavor to promote
a lifestyle that is acceptable and respectable in the eyes of
the public because the public expects a police officer to live
a simple, yet dignified life
Note: SIMPLE LIVING means Public officials and
employees and their families shall lead modest lives
appropriate to their positions and income
7. POLITICAL PATRONAGE - all PNP members must inhibit
themselves from soliciting political patronage in matters
pertaining to assignments, promotions, trainings and
awards
8. HUMAN RIGHTS - all PNP members shall respect and
protect human dignity and man’s rights to life, liberty and
property
POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
1. COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY
- police officers must commit themselves to a
democratic way of life and values and maintain the
principle of public accountability
- they shall at all times uphold the Constitution and be
loyal to the legitimate government
2. COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST
- police officers must always uphold public interest over
and above personal interest
- they shall use public resources and properties
economically and judiciously to avoid wastage of public
funds
3. NON-PARTISANSHIP - police officers shall provide
services to everyone without discrimination regardless of
political affiliation in accordance with existing laws and
regulations
4. PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH - police officers shall
strive to be physically and mentally fit and in good health at
all times
5. SECRECY DISCIPLINE - police officers shall guard the
confidentiality of official information against unauthorized
access and disclosure
6. SOCIAL AWARENESS - police officers, as well as their
immediate family members, shall be encouraged to actively
get involved in religious, social and civic activities to
enhance the image of the PNP organization
7. NON-SOLICITATION OF PATRONAGE - police officers
shall seek self-improvement through career development
without directly or indirectly soliciting favors or
recommendation from politicians, high-ranking government
officials and the like
8. PROPER CARE AND USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY -
police officers shall be responsible for the security, proper
care and use of public authority issued to them for the
performance of their duties
9. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS - police officers shall
respect and protect human rights in the performance of
their duty
10. DEVOTION TO DUTY - police officers shall perform their
duties with dedication, thoroughness, efficiency,
enthusiasm, determination and manifest concern for public
welfare
11. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES - police
officers shall help in the development and conservation of
our natural resources for ecological balance and posterity
12. DISCIPLINE - police officers shall conduct themselves
properly at all times in keeping with the rules and
regulations of the organization
13. LOYALTY - police officers must be loyal to the Constitution
and to the police service as manifested by their loyalty to
their superiors, peers and subordinates as well
14. OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIORS - police officers shall obey
lawful orders and be courteous to superior officers and
other appropriate authorities
15. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY - immediate commanders
shall be responsible for the effective supervision, control
and direction of their personnel
POLICE ETHICAL STANDARDS
ETHICAL STANDARDS - shall refer to established and
generally accepted moral values and ethical acts
1. MORALITY - police officers must adhere to high standard
of morality and decency and shall set good example for
others
2. JUDICIOUS USE OF AUTHORITY - police officers shall
exercise proper and legitimate use of authority and
discretion in the performance of their duty
3. INTEGRITY - police officers shall not allow themselves to
be victims of corruption and dishonest practices
4. JUSTICE - police officers shall strive constantly to respect
the rights of others
5. HUMILITY - police officers shall recognize the fact that
they are public servants and not the masters of the people
- they should perform their duties without
arrogance
- they should recognize their own inadequacies,
inabilities and limitations as individuals
- they should perform their duties without attracting
attention or expecting the applause of others
2. ORDERLINESS - police officers shall follow logical
procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned to them to
minimize wasted time and resources
3. PERSEVERANCE - police officers must exert all efforts
to achieve their goal or mission even in the face of
difficulties and obstacles
CORRUPT POLICE UNIT
1. WHITE KNIGHTS - These policemen are straightforward
fellow.
2. STRAIGHT SHOOTERS - These are honest policemen
who are ready to hide the corrupt practices of their
comrades as part of camaraderie.
3. GRASS EATERS OR VEGETARIAN COPS – are police
officers who engage in relatively minor type of corruption
opportunities as they present themselves.
4. MEAT EATERS OR CARNIVOROUS COPS - are police
officers who actively seek out corruption opportunities and
engaged in both minor and major patterns of corruption.
5. ROGUES – are policemen who are considered having all
the deviant behaviors of corrupt policemen.
POLICE MISCONDUCT
POLICE BRUTALITY – denotes unreasonable and
unnecessary use of force, commonly done in effecting arrests
of criminal offenders, fugitives from justice and suspects or
abuse in the manner of executing a warrant of arrest, search
and seizure
SEXUAL MISCONDUCT – is commonly committed by
policeman who sexually molested female or male clients who
have transaction with the police office.
POLICE LYING
1. ACCEPTED LYING – lying as a deceptive ploy is allowed
and is advisable.
2. TOLERATED LYING – are those that are recognized as
lies but tolerated as necessary to explain inadequacy or
inefficiency of the police organization.
3. DEVIANT LYING – thisinvolves lies that violate substantive
or procedural laws and police office rules and regulations.
PNP CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
CUSTOMS - established usage or social practices carried on by
tradition that have obtained the force of law
PNP CUSTOMS ON COURTESY - a manifestation or
expression of consideration and respect for others
SALUTE - the usual greeting rendered by uniformed personnel
upon meeting and recognizing persons entitled to it; highest
form of courtesy in the police force
SALUTE TO NATIONAL COLOR AND STANDARD - police
officers must stand at attention and salute the national color and
standard as it passes by them or when the national color is
raised or lowered during ceremonies
ADDRESS/TITLE - junior in rank must address senior members
who are entitled to a salute with the “Sir” or “Ma’am”
COURTESY CALLS
4. COURTESY CALL OF NEWLY-ASSIGNED / APPOINTED
MEMBER - PNP members who are newly-assigned or
appointed to a unit or command must call on the chief of the
unit or command and to other key personnel for accounting,
orientation and other purposes
5. CHRISTMAS CALL - PNP members pay a Christmas call
on their local executives in their respective area of
responsibility
6. NEW YEAR’S CALL - PNP members pay a New Year’s call
on their commanders and/or key officials in their respective
area of responsibility
7. PROMOTION CALL - newly-promoted PNP members call
on their unit head
8. EXIT CALL - PNP members pay an exit call on their
superiors in the unit or command when relieved or
reassigned out of said unit or command
9. COURTESY OF THE POST - the host unit extends
hospitality to visiting personnel who pay respect to the
command or unit
“RANK-HAS-ITS-OWN-PRIVILEGE” - PNP members must
acknowledge that different ranks carry with them
corresponding privileges
CEREMONY - a formal act or set of formal acts established by
customs or authority as proper to special occasion
PNP CUSTOMS ON CEREMONIES
1. FLAG-RAISING CEREMONY - PNP members honor the
flag by raising it and singing the National Anthem before the
start of the official day’s work
2. FLAG-RETREAT CEREMONY - PNP members salute the
lowering of the flag at the end of the official day’s work
3. HALF-MAST - the flag is raised at half-mast in deference
to deceased uniformed members of the command
4. FUNERAL SERVICE AND HONORS - departed uniformed
members, retirees, war veterans or former PNP members
are given vigil, necrological services and graveside honors
5. CEREMONY TENDERED TO RETIREES - in recognition
of their long, faithful and honorable service to the PNP, a
testimonial activity shall be tendered in their honor
6. HONOR CEREMONIES - arrival and departure honor
ceremonies are rendered to visiting dignitaries, VIPs, PNP
officers with the rank of Chief Superintendent and above
and AFP officers of equivalent grade
7. TURN-OVER CEREMONY - the relinquishment and
assumption of command or key position is publicly
announced by the outgoing and incoming officers
8. WEDDING CEREMONY - during marriage of PNP
members, a ceremony is conducted with participants in
uniform and swords drawn
9. ANNIVERSARY - the birth or institutional establishment of
a command or unit is commemorated in an anniversary
ceremony
SOCIAL DECORUM - a set of norms and standards practiced
by members during social and other functions
PNP CUSTOMS ON SOCIAL DECORUM
1. PROPER ATTIRE - PNP members always wear
appropriate and proper attire in conformity with the
occasion.
2. TABLE MANNERS - PNP members observe table
etiquette at all times.
3. SOCIAL GRACES - PNP members conduct themselves
properly in dealing with people during social functions.
4. UNIFORM/APPEARANCE - The public looks upon a PNP
member as distinctively a man among men. It is a welcome
sight when PNP members wear their uniform properly
wherever they may be.
OTHER POLICE CUSTOMS
1. VISITING THE SICK - immediate commanders or other
available officers of the unit visit PNP members who are
sick in the hospital, their residence or any place of
confinement in order that their needs are attended to
2. SURVIVOR ASSISTANCE TO HEIRS OF DECEASED
MEMBERS - a survivor officer is designated whenever PNP
members die, to render maximum assistance to their
bereaved family until all benefits due shall have been
received
3. VISITING RELIGIOUS LEADERS - PNP officer visit
religious leaders in their areas of assignment to establish or
maintain rapport and cooperation between the different
religious leaders and the PNP
4. ATHLETICS - PNP members indulge in physical fitness
activities to ensure that their proper physical
appearance and bearing are maintained with the waist line
measurement always smaller than the size of his chest and
in conformity with the standard set forth by the organization
5. HAPPY HOURS - usually on Friday, or any other day
suitable for the occasion, PNP members gather together at
their PNP Club for a light-hearted jesting or airing of minor
gripes
TRADITION - bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages
handed down from generation to generation with the effect of an
unwritten law
POLICE TRADITIONS
1. SPIRITUAL BELIEFS - PNP members are traditionally
religious and God-loving persons; they attend religious
services together with the members of their family
2. VALOR - police officers sacrifice their lives and limbs for
the people they have pledged to serve
3. PATRIOTISM - police officers manifest their love of country
with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend
the Constitution
4. DISCIPLINE - police officers manifest discipline by
instinctive obedience to lawful orders and through
spontaneous actions towards attainment of organizational
objectives guided by moral, ethical and legal norms
5. GENTLEMANLINESS - police officers are upright in
character, polite in manners, dignified in appearance and
sincere in their concern for their fellowmen
6. WORD OF HONOR - police officers stand by, and commit
to uphold, their word
7. DUTY - police officers are dedicated public servants who
perform their tasks with a deep sense of responsibility and
self-sacrifice
8. LOYALTY - police officers are traditionally loyal to the
organization, country and fellowmen
9. CAMARADERIE - the binding spirit that enhances
teamwork and cooperation in the police organization
POLICE OFFICER’S PLEDGE
1. I will love and serve God, my country and people;
2. I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal orders of the
duly-constituted authorities
3. I will oblige myself to maintain a high standard of morality
and professionalism
4. I will respect the customs and traditions of the police
service; and
5. I will live a decent and virtuous life and to serve as an
example to others.
CELEBRATION OF PNP ETHICS DAY
The implementation of the PNP Code of Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards necessitated the celebration of
the PNP Ethics Day every 7TH DAY OF JANUARY in order to
reinforce and follow-up the internalization and adherence to the
Code.
PART THREE
POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS (PCR)
IMPORTANT TERMS
POLICE - a group of persons established, maintained and
organized for keeping order, safety, protection of lives and
property and for prevention and detection of crimes
COMMUNITY
- refers to the civilian populace or the public in general,
and shall be used interchangeably with the terms,
public, citizenry, society and private sector
- a body of people organized into political, municipal or
social unity or a body of persons living in the same
locality
- derived from the Latin words, communis, which
means common, and tatis which means fellowship
POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
- the sum total of the dealings between the police and
the people it serves, and whose goodwill and
cooperation it craves, for the greatest possible
efficiency in the service
- refers to the reciprocal attitudes of the police and the
community
PUBLIC RELATIONS - the act of bringing about better
understanding, confidence and acceptance for an individual or
an organization
POLICE PUBLIC RELATIONS - the continuing process by
which endeavors are made to obtain the goodwill and
cooperation of the public for effective enforcement of the law
and accomplishment of the police purposes
HUMAN RELATIONS - consist of the fundamental rules both
moral and legal, which govern the relationship of men in all
aspects of life
MEDIA/MASS MEDIA
- the channels through which information is
disseminated to the public
- may be in the form of television, movies, radio or
newspaper, and the like
PROPAGANDA - the planned use of mass communication for
public purpose.
POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE - refers to how the people in the
community perceive or regard the police
PRINCIPLES OF POLICING BY SIR ROBERT PEEL
1. The basic mission for which police exist is to prevent crime
and disorder as an alternative to the repression of crime
and disorder by military force and severity of legal
punishment.
2. The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent
upon public approval of police existence, actions, and
behavior and the ability of the police to secure and maintain
public respect.
3. The police must secure the willing cooperation of the public
in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and
maintain public respect.
4. The degree of the cooperation of the public that can be
secured diminishes proportionately the necessity for the
use of physical force and the compulsion in achieving police
objectives.
5. The police seek and preserve public favor, not by catering
to public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating
absolutely impartial service to the law, in complete
independence of policy, and without regard to the justice or
injustice of the substance of individual laws; by ready
offering of individual service and friendship to all members
of society without regard to their race or social standing, by
ready exercise of courtesy and friendly good humor, and by
ready offering of individual sacrifice in protecting and
preserving life.
6. The police should use physical force to the extent
necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore
order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and
warning is found to be insufficient to achieve police
objectives; and police should use only the minimum degree
of physical force that is necessary on any particular
occasion for achieving police objectives.
7. The police at all times should maintain a relationship with
the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the
police are the public and the public are the police; the police
are only members of the public who are paid to give full-
time attention to duties that are incumbent on every citizen
in the intent of community welfare.
8. The police should always direct their actions toward their
functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the
judiciary by avenging individuals or the state, or
authoritatively judging guilt or punishing the guilty.
9. The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and
disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing
with them.
FOUNDATION OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS - The
foundation of community relations is EFFICIENT SERVICE.
REQUIREMENTS FOR GOOD COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1. Sincerity in serving the public
2. Full knowledge of the job
 3. Deep conviction in the mobility of his work as a
necessary service to promote individual or national
welfare
4. Sound police ethics
5. High standard of management and operation
THREE (3) ASPECTS OF POLICE-COMMUNITY
RELATIONS
1. COMMUNITY SERVICE - activities that provide service to
the community may be in the form of medical-dental
mission, sports clinic, feeding programs, seminars, etc
2. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
- involvement of the community in the various social
projects, particularly, in the area of crime
prevention
- awareness of the community of their role in crime
prevention
3. PUBLIC RELATIONS
- activities directed at creating and maintaining
favorable impressions to the public
- projection of the police public image to the people to
gain their support and cooperation
OBJECTIVES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1. To maintain and develop the goodwill and confidence of
the community for the police;
2. To obtain cooperation and assistance;
3. To develop public understanding and support and
appreciation for the service of the police;
4. To create broader understanding and sympathy with the
problems and needs of the police;
5. To facilitate law enforcement and compliance;
6. To build public opinion in favor of the police;
7. To achieve the police purpose of preserving the peace,
protection of life and property, and the prevention of crime.
PRINCIPLES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1. Community support must be maintained.
2. Community resentment must be avoided.
3. Community goodwill must be developed.
4. Community must be kept informed.
THE POLICE OFFICER’S INDIVIDUAL AND
PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS
CATEGORIES OF INDIVIDUAL PUBLIC RELATIONS
1. DOMESTIC RELATIONS - Police Officer’s dealing with
his family, parents and immediate relatives.
2. NEIGHBORHOOD RELATIONS - Police Officer’s dealing
with his neighbors.
3. COMMUNITY RELATIONS - Police Officers’ dealing with
citizens of the community, city or town where he lives, and
his membership or contribution to the civic organization or
community associations in the locality.
4. CHURCH RELATIONS - Police Officer’s dealings with
the religious congregation or faith where he belongs.
5. GOVERNMENT RELATIONS - Police Officer’s dealings
with the government and its instrumentalities.
CATEGORIES OF PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS
1. INTRA-DEPARTMENTAL RELATIONS – Police Officers
relations with men and women in his own department,
superiors, the station commanders as well as the city or
municipality mayors where he is assigned.
2. INTER-DEPARTMENTAL RELATIONS – Police Officers
relations with other police agencies.
3. CITIZENS’ RELATIONS – includes all dealings or contacts
with the citizens in relation to the enforcement of the law
and maintenance of peace and order, together with the
giving of information to the public of criminal and non-
criminal activities.
4. COMPLAINANTS’ RELATION – includes a police officer’s
dealings with complaints, the techniques of interviews,
manner of approach, and treatment of witnesses, as well as
informers or assets.
5. RELATION WITH ACCUSED PERSONS – consists of
proper treatment of suspects, the recognition of their
constitutional rights during custodial investigation and the
handling of accused persons during confinement.
6. RELATIONS WITH THE STATE PROSECUTORS OR
FISCALS – includes a peace officer’s duty to cooperate
during preliminary investigations and gatherings of further
evidence when so recovered by the fiscal.
2. JUDICIAL RELATIONS – consists of peace officer’s duties
towards the courts when appearing as witnesses and the
honesty in testimony.
3. GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS – includes his dealings
with other non-police agencies of the government both
national and local; in connection with official duties such as
request for verification, coordination, or whatever help are
needed.
FOUR (4) GENERAL APPROACHES IN POLICE-
COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1. EXTERNALLY-ORIENTED APPROACH - directed
towards the general public or various enclaves within the
society
2. YOUTH-ORIENTED APPROACH - directed the majority of
police efforts towards the youth of the community
3. SERVICE-ORIENTED APPROACH - emphasis is given to
the alleviation of social problems as the basic objective of
the program
4. INTERNALLY-ORIENTED APPROACH - essential
characteristics is the realization that the officer on beat
creates community relations because “Every officer of the
organization is a police-community relations officer
TYPES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1. PUBLIC INFORMATION PROGRAM - designed to bridge
the communication gap between the police and the public
FORMS OF MEDIA USED
a. PERSONAL MEDIA - consists of face-to-face
communication, such as meetings, rallies, delivering
speeches and house-to-house visitation
b. MASS MEDIA - includes printed matter and audio-visual
communications
2. PUBLIC RELATIONS PROGRAM - designed to maintain
harmony and mutual support between the police and the
community; designed to “sell” the police to the public
3. CIVIC ACTION PROGRAM - designed to maintain and
encourage community development
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL PROGRAM - designed to condition
both friendly and hostile public, ensuring the facilitation of
the attainment of police objectives

DUTIES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER

1. He shall issue press releases from time to time regarding

police activities which are of public concern;
2. He shall build good image through actual commendable
performance, without inefficiency and corruption; and
3. He shall evaluate public opinion and attitude with respect to
policies, methods and personnel of the police station.

DUTIES OF CIVIC ACTION OFFICER

1. He shall encourage and actively participate in athletic

competitions to promote youth development by wisely
coordinating with the social elements of the populace;
2. He shall initiate fund-raising campaigns for juvenile
delinquents who are being rehabilitated;
3. He shall be alert to safeguard the community against loss
and damages to properties and possible death, in the
events of calamity;
4. He shall render possible assistance, especially to the men
folk in enabling them to obtain the means of productive
endeavors and discourage them from loitering in the street
or engaging uneconomic activities, such as illegal gambling
and others

MEASURES TO ENHANCE POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE

1. increased police visibility through the dispersal of personnel

from the headquarters to the field offices;
2. efficient and optimized delivery of police services to the
communities;
3. constant dialogue and meetings with the barangay officials
in their respective territorial jurisdictions;
4. Community service-oriented policing by conducting
seminars for the traffic aides, police aides and the barangay
tanod; and
5. Coordination with the media for image-enhancing projects.

END OF POLICE ETHICS AND VALUES WITH POLICE

COMMUNITY RELATIONS