a) 

     Differentiate between the following  multiple access terminologies (4 marks)

                              a.      WCDMA VS CDMA
 WCDMA is a type of technology used in 3G network while CDMA is a technology
applied in 2G.
 WCDM (Wide Code Division Multiple Access) may be capable of using the same
technology just like CDMA but it can as well integrate it into 3G whereby GSM and
EDGE are used as UMTS, an aspect that results into high speed of internet. However,
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is an algorithm that assists a user to have a
number of channels that be used in the same bandwidth whereby it makes connections
better through accommodating more users per MHz of band.
 WCDMA works with direct spread (DS) as its forward link RF channel structure but
CDMA employs DS as its multicarrier.
 WCDMA offers more faster speed compared to CDMA.
 CDMA uses frequency bands 1.25Mhz wide while WCDMA uses frequency bands 5Mhz
wide.
                               b.      FDMA VS OFDMA                                                                
 FDMA stand for Frequency Division Multiple Access while OFDMA stands for
Orthogonal Frequency Multiple Access.
 Guard band is required in FDMA but in OFDMA, the use of guard band is not
compulsory.
 In FDMA, the spectral efficiency is low but in OFDMS, the spectral efficiency is high.
 In FDMA, carriers are not only loosely arranged but are also much aside from each other.
However, in OFDMA, carriers are densely arranged and close to one another.
 FDMA are commonly applied in radio satellite communication but OFDMA are applied
in LTE technologies and broadband internet.
b) What is meant by the term cell breathing.                                                                (1 mark)
Cell breathing is used to express that the coverage area of a base station in a CDMA system will
become smaller if there are more subscribers. Cell breathing is used to balance the load between
neighboring cells.