Professional Documents
Culture Documents
April 2004
This Highways Planning Guide is an informal document. It
has not been adopted by the Council and does not over-rule
the Unitary Development Plan or any other specifications.
Martin Low
Assistant Director of Transportation
CONTENTS
Page
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 PRE-APPLICATION 1
3 SUBMISSION OF AN APPLICATION 2
3.1 Drawings 2
3.2 Supporting statement 3
3.3 Traffic information 3
3.4 Safety Audits 4
3.5 Crime reduction measures 5
4 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT 5
4.1 Accessibility 5
4.2 Pedestrians 6
4.3 Cycle parking 6
4.4 Car parking 6
4.5 Servicing 8
5 DESIGN CRITERIA WITHIN THE HIGHWAY 8
5.1 Access to the highway 8
5.2 Drop-off facilities 9
5.3 On-street parking 9
5.4 Doors and building access 9
5.5 Vertical clearances 10
5.6 Tables and chairs 10
5.7 Temporary licences to use the highway 10
6 HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS 10
6.1 Footways 10
6.2 Cyclists 11
6.3 Street furniture and street clutter 11
6.4 Street lighting 12
6.5 Traffic calming 12
6.6 Planning conditions and obligations 12
7 APPENDICES 13
7.1 Transport assessment 13
7.2 On-site parking requirements 15
7.3 Garage dimensions 17
7.4 Parking bay dimensions and typical vehicle sizes 18
7.5 Plan of Strategic Routes 19
7.6 Access and visibility 20
7.7 Tables and chairs 21
7.8 Footways and cycleways 22
7.9 Vertical clearances 24
8 CONTACTS 25
8.1 Feedback form 27
9 REFERENCES 28
1 INTRODUCTION
This Guide is intended to provide assistance and information on highway matters relating to
planning applications in the City of Westminster.
Most residential or commercial developments will have some effect upon the types and volumes of
vehicles, pedestrians and other road users. They may create accesses, alter parking or have other
effects upon the existing highway network.
2 PRE-APPLICATION
First contact should be with Development Planning Services (DPS) of the Planning and City
Development Department. DPS has three Area Teams covering the northern, central and southern
sections of the city and initial contact is normally by telephone or emailC1 or via the One Stop
Services Planning DeskC2. Thereafter, large or complex proposals will be required to submit
information in writing1. The Planning Case Officer will give initial comments and may recommend
discussions with other Council officers, including the Highways Planning TeamC3.
The Highways Planning Team of the Environment and Leisure Department provides advice on
highway related issues affecting a proposal. Early contact and discussion with the team is
recommended, so that their extensive knowledge of the highway network and their professional
experience can be used to resolve highway issues, so as to maximise the benefits of the development
and minimise any abortive work.
Contact by telephone or email may be all that is required for small or residential proposals. Large or
complex proposals may require someone to visit City Hall for a meeting, or series of meetings, with
preliminary scale drawings and photographs.
Although some information will have been submitted to DPS, please assist the Highways Planning
Team by having the following information ready-to-hand:
· Address of the development site
· Existing use of the site
· Proposed use of the site
· The floor area or an indication of the size of the development
· Access proposals
· Details relating to your highway concern
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3 SUBMISSION OF AN APPLICATION
A Planning Application Form is obtained and submitted to Development Planning Services directly,
or via the Council’s One Stop Services. The Form has requirements for certain information to be
submitted. However, additional information is often required for highway issues either at pre-
application or upon submission of an application.
The following information is provided to assist applicants with providing highways related
information. The extent of the documentation and the need to supply all parts will increase with the
complexity of the proposals.
3.1 Drawings
2
All plans must reflect the full extent of the proposals and be accurate. For complex developments,
it may be necessary to assist the reader by splitting information onto separate drawings. Ordnance
Survey mapping can be unsuitable for detailed plans and will require all critical dimensions to be
verified on site and clearly dimensioned on all plans prior to submission.
A supporting statement is necessary with the highways assessment. It should include information
on:
· Adjacent sites controlled by the applicant
· Highway boundaries and any stopping-up or dedication proposed or required
· Existing and proposed land uses with their floor areas
· Compliance with the Council’s cycle parking requirements and how the location maximises
convenience and security for users
· Compliance with the Council’s car parking requirements
· Provisions for unloading, loading, refuse collection,
setting-down and picking-up points
· Impact of traffic changes on noise and nuisance,
particularly to nearby residences
· The Access Strategy and Statement
· Photographs showing highway features relevant to the site
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residential developments as low as 20 units. It may only need to cover a limited number of issues,
such as access, parking and effects on the local environment.
Applicants should discuss the need to supply a Transport Assessment with the Highways Planning
Team at an early stage. Agreement will be required on the scope of the assessment, as detailed in
Appendix 7.1, and the most appropriate times and methods for collecting transport data.
The Travel Plan tries to promote development that supports more sustainable travel choices and
reduces the need to travel. The plan may involve physical or behavioural measures for:
· Reducing car usage – particularly single occupancy journeys
and increasing the use of public transport, walking and cycling
· Reducing traffic speeds – to improve road safety, particularly
for pedestrians and cyclists
· Environmentally friendly freight movements – particularly
home delivery services and water based transport
The City Council will seldom require a Travel Plan because the
majority of developments are too small to warrant a plan, or the
developer is entirely separate from the eventual employer, and at the
time of application details of future employees are not known.
However, a Travel Plan may be required for any planning applications
likely to have significant transport implications, including most
educational establishments. These Travel Plans should be capable of
answering most highway related objections received to the application.
A Safety Audit4 may be required for a development that alters the layout or use of the highway and
is considered to change the risk of accidents. It is a formal and systematic appraisal to eliminate
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potential highway hazards and to ensure that the highway is as safe as possible for all users. It can
assist in identifying the best solution where there are options, including the most attractive
pedestrian or cycle routes and the safest position for a proposed point of access.
A Stage 1 Preliminary Design Safety Audit should occur as early as possible because it may require a
change in the design concept and may be requested as part of the Planning Application. A Stage 2
Detailed Design Safety Audit and a Stage 3 After Construction Safety Audit will be undertaken later.
The audit should be carried out by an individual who is independent of the design team and should
generally follow the Guidelines for the Safety Audit of Highways5.
All development must actively seek to reduce crime and the fear of crime in accordance with the
Crime and Disorder Act 19986 and as recommended in Designing out crime in Westminster, A guide to
planning an attractive and safe environment7.
Recesses at the edge of the highway should be avoided and all areas should have natural surveillance
by residents and visitors, with overlooking of communal areas, including footways, accesses and car
parking, to provide a deterrent to the opportunist criminal, anti-social behaviour and vagrancy.
Advice should be obtained as early as possible from the City Council’s Crime Prevention Design
AdviserC4.
Street lighting should have ‘white light’ to highlight hazards and avoid the creation of shadows
which may promote criminal activity. Advice can be obtained from the City Council’s Street
Lighting ManagerC5.
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)8 may be desirable and the supplementing or upgrading of the
existing Westminster CCTV system may be requested. Advice can be obtained from the City
Council’s Crime & Disorder Reduction / CCTV TeamC6.
4.1 Accessibility
An accessible environment must provide for everyone. Useful dimensions are available in the Metric
handbook, Planning and design data9.
To meet central government criteria, in Planning and Access for Disabled People – A Good Practice Guide10,
disabled access must be considered at the
conception of the design.
Means of access for disabled people must be within
a development and must have no impact,
temporary or permanent, on the highway.
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4.2 Pedestrians
Pedestrian needs must be met in accordance with the Pre-Inquiry Unitary Development Plan3 Policy Trans
3, with particular regard to:
· Adequate width to cater for existing or proposed pedestrian flows, as Appendix 7.8.
· Ease of movement for people with a mobility or sensory impairment
· Safe and attractive routes and road crossings
· Minimising journey times by providing the most convenient and direct routes that follow
desire lines, including the provision of public walkways and cycle routes.
All developments are required, by the Pre-Inquiry Unitary Development Plan3 Policies Trans 10 and 11, to
provide on-site cycle parking in accordance with Appendix 7.2.
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· The parking layout should provide accessible bays for disabled users, designed and marked
up to conform to the Inclusive Mobility13 guide for at least 10% of both the market and
affordable units to cater for long term needs in accordance with Pre-Inquiry Unitary Development
Plan3 Policy H9. Pedestrian access must cater for disabled users.
· Where the parking demand cannot be met on-site and may create an on-street parking
demand in excess of 80% of bays available to residents, as specified in the Pre-Inquiry Unitary
Development Plan3 Policy TRANS 23, the development will be resisted unless the potential
impact of cars being parked on street is mitigated.
· Access to the road for front garden14 or forecourt parking will be resisted, in accordance
with Pre-Inquiry Unitary Development Plan3 Policy TRANS 26, especially where it involves the
loss of existing on-street parking.
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4.5 Servicing
Deliveries16 and refuse collection17 should be on-site with adequate storage and space for parking
and manoeuvring of vehicles within the site. However, vehicular access onto a site is often not
possible because the site is too small or the site is an existing building that cannot realistically be
altered.
Where servicing occurs from the road, the Transport Assessment must show that the road can
accommodate the activity without interference to through-traffic and pedestrians. For safety, it is
essential to minimise any need for vehicles to reverse within the highway. On-street lay-bys are not
normally permitted because they tend to become obstructed with parked vehicles and they may
narrow the footway creating problems for pedestrians.
Applicants should have discussions with Transport for LondonC9 at an early stage, where vehicular
or pedestrian access to the development is required from the Transport for London Road Network.
Transport for London has, however, a wider interest in planning applications because the Mayor of
London can direct refusal on grounds, including transport issues, in relation to the Mayor of
London’s Transport Strategy and The London Plan18. Discussions with Transport for London are,
therefore, essential when the development may have an effect upon the Transport for London Road
Network, for which Transport for London is the highway and traffic authority, or affect the bus,
tube and tram systems.
Access to strategic routes will not normally be permitted, in accordance with the Pre-Inquiry Unitary
Development Plan3 Policy TRANS 16, but where permitted a high level of design will be required and
accesses may need signing or traffic signals.
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Accesses, except for front garden or
forecourt parking as stated in sections 4.4.1
and 4.4.2, will normally be permitted
provided they do not conflict with existing
road features, such as junctions, other
accesses, roundabouts, pedestrian crossings
and trees. The applicant may be required to
provide vehicle swept-path drawings to
demonstrate that the proposed access can
safely accommodate all vehicles expected to
use the site. Accesses should cause the least
possible interference with the footway and
level adjustments should occur within the
site. Visibility at the access should be
provided for vehicles, pedestrians and other
road users, as shown in Appendix 7.6.
Any requirement for a setting-down or pick-up point must ensure that public transport provision,
particularly bus stops, is not compromised and must consider the implications upon on-street
parking.
The Council will strongly resist the loss of on-street parking provision because of the residential and
commercial demand. Any on-street parking that conflicts with the development should, if possible,
be relocated or replaced.
Doors will not be allowed to open onto and obstruct any part of the public highway19as the door
would present a potential hazard to pedestrians. In rare cases for existing buildings, outward
opening doors may be permitted for security or safety at public buildings or for domestic Mews
garages where the doors can only be opened from the highway side.
Requests for openings to cellars or vaults from the footway or the construction of grilles within
footways or the narrowing of the footway for light wells will not be permitted.
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Ramps must be accommodated on the applicant’s site, in accordance with the Pre-Inquiry Unitary
Development Plan3 Policy TRANS 27. No alteration to the footway will normally be accepted.
Lifts for the disabled people or for deliveries must be accommodated on the applicant’s site and not
present any hazard to users of the highway and particularly the visually impaired.
The minimum clearance for new construction over, or within one metre, of a road is 5.3 metres.
Over the rest of a footway the minimum clearance is 2.6 metres, for which a licence is requiredC10,
except for blinds C11 as shown in Appendix 7.9.
The minimum clearances for vaults under the highway are shown in Appendix 7.9. Vaults require
Planning Permission and a Highways Consent16 C10.
Temporary structures, scaffolding, skips and any other partial obstruction of the highway or
footway, associated with building construction, will require a licenceC11.
6 HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS
Road design information is contained in Residential Roads and Footpaths, Layout considerations21 but
detailed advice is provided below for Westminster.
6.1 Footways
To allow for the free flow of pedestrians, the Council has requirements for footways as shown in
Appendix 7.8. For safety and access reasons, a double row of kerbing, one stepped above the other
to gain height, will not be permitted.
At some time all people have constraints on their mobility, whether this arises from a permanent or
temporary impairment, a pushchair or heavy shopping bags, and will benefit from measures such as
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dropped kerbs or raised crossings. The Council has a programme to install dropped kerbs and
tactile paving, but will keep the use of tactile paving to those sites where it is essential.
The Council will request footway improvements from a developer. Occasionally this involves
providing or completing a footway, but normally involves repaving.
Repaving in isolated sections is visually undesirable and any request for repaving will seek to identify
a natural limit as close as possible to the site. Natural limits include a junction, major vehicle access
or other feature that would mask a change in footway quality. The quality of materials is covered by
the Council’s publication The Westminster Way22.
6.2 Cyclists
London local authorities and Transport for London have identified a network of cycle routes known
as the London Cycle Network Plus. All development is expected to maintain and, wherever
possible, enhance the existing cycle network to provide continuity of routes. Cycleways may be on
the road, shared with pedestrians or preferably segregated as shown in Appendix 7.8. More
information is available in the London Cycle Network Design Manual23.
Development is expected to provide cycle parking on-site, as section 4.3, but for non-residential
functions, such as retail, that have numerous visitors, cycle parking must be easily accessible. This
can often only be provided on-street. Where there is inadequate local space, cycle parking may be
needed to be positioned at a distance from the development and may even require the Council to
accept a cash contribution towards the general provision of on-street cycle parking.
All street furniture will need to comply with any distinct style of street furniture, including lighting
columns, seats, bus shelters, litter bins and cycle parking stands that is required in different areas.
Consideration must be given to the good practice in street management and design contained in the
City of Westminster guide, The Westminster Way19. Advice on anti-flyposting treatment may also be
obtained from the Council’s Anti Graffiti and Fly-Posting UnitC13.
The Council has a policy of reducing street clutter, which includes minimising the use of bollards,
barriers and signage poles. A developer will be asked to consolidate the position of street furniture
and signage to improve the visual environment and to minimise interference with pedestrians and
disabled people.
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6.4 Street lighting
A developer will be required to improve the standard of lighting in the vicinity of the development
to a level appropriate for the proposed development or to meet current national and Westminster
City Council standards.
Much of the City is a conservation area and guidance to the correct style of equipment to be
considered is provided in a planning guide, The Westminster Way19. It should be noted that existing
Gas Lamps shall generally be retained. The City is keen to keep the footways clear and promote the
use of building mounted street lighting wherever practicable with appropriate wayleaves to be
agreed.
During the works period the developer shall ensure that the lighting levels in the highway are not
less than existed prior to commencement and any temporary installations will be appropriately
maintained.
For advice and further guidance on appropriate lighting please contact the City Council’s Street
Lighting ManagerC5.
Westminster City Council will not normally seek traffic calming measures to mitigate the effects of a
development, but accepts that there may be occasions when applicants will wish to see them
considered. These will usually be on road safety grounds and where very careful consideration has
been given to the needs of emergency services.
Where a developer agrees to do highway improvements, the Council encourages the developer to
design and construct the “Improvement Works”. Alternatively the design or implementation of the
works can be arranged by the City Council.
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7 APPENDICES
Appendix 7.1 Transport Assessment
A detailed Transport Assessment, involving traffic surveys and covering a range of transport conditions and
predictions is required for developments that could be expected to generate at least one of the following
levels of pedestrian or vehicular traffic:
A – more than 1,000 one-way person trips per day, or
B – more than 500 vehicle movements per day, or
C – more that 100 person trips during the peak hour, or
D – more that 100 vehicle movements in any single hour, or
E – more than 20 heavy goods vehicle (over 7 ½ tonnes) movements per day, or
F – any heavy goods vehicle movements between midnight and 6am
As a guide, these levels of traffic could be expected from developments of the following sizes:
Land Use Threshold Criteria
A1: Retail 2,000 m2 GFA A or B or C
A3: Pubs/Restaurants 500m2 GFA A
B1/A2: Office 2,500m2 GFA C
B2-7: Industry 4,000 m2 GFA E
B8: Storage/Distribution 4,000 m2 GFA E
C1: Hotel 100 bedrooms or any with A
conference facilities
C3: Dwellings 200 units A or B
D2: Entertainment > 200 person capacity A
* GFA = Gross Floor Area (From UDP Appendix 4.1)
A Transport Assessment should include the following information:
1. Description of development
a) Detailed site plan (min.1:1250) Always required
b) Schedule of floor areas of existing uses Always required
c) Schedule of floor areas of proposed uses Always required
2. Description of base networks
a) Plan showing relationship of site to the surrounding road, Study area and base networks to
public transport, pedestrian and cycle networks be agreed with the Council
b) Information on traffic flows, accident records, on-street Not normally required where
parking conditions; identification of any critical links and only criteria A or C met
junctions
Normally required where only
c) Information on frequency, reliability and capacity of public criteria A or C met
transport facilities within the study area
3. Trip generation
a) Number of person trips generated, categorised by mode of Always required
transport and time of day
b) Number and size of vehicles required to service the
Always required
building and location of servicing facilities
4. Vehicular access & circulation
a) Analysis of junction design for access and egress, using Always required where a new
appropriate computer modelling packages if necessary access is provided or where an
existing access will be more
intensively used
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b) Describe the arrangements for servicing and for providing Always required
access for emergency vehicles
c) Describe the number, allocation and design of on-site Always required
parking and compare this with Council standards
d) Describe any loss of current on-street parking facilities (e.g. Always required
because of the need to provide a footway crossover, taxi
facilities, etc.)
5. Pedestrians and cyclists
a) Assess the capacity and safety of exiting pedestrian and cycle Always required
facilities and describe how they are affected by the
development
b) Describe the number, allocation and design of on-site cycle Always required
parking and compare this with Council standards
c) Describe design features on or outside the site to assist Always required
pedestrians and cyclists, such as the provision of additional
street nameplates and improvements to footways, street
lighting, cycle parking and CCTV cameras
6. Public transport
a) Evaluate the accessibility of the site by public transport Always required
b) Identify Railway and underground stations, lines and bus Only normally required where
services that will be significantly affected by the criteria A or C met
development. Evaluate and quantify impact of additional
demand on capacity
7. Road network
a) Identify junctions and links that will be affected by Only normally required where
development traffic. Quantify and evaluate the reserve criteria A or C met
capacity, queues and delays at critical junctions
Only required where physical
b) Carry out a Safety Audit
changes to the public highway
are proposed
8. People with mobility difficulties
a) Identify measures to make the site accessible for people with Always required
mobility difficulties, including access for community
transport services and designated car parking
9. Environmental impact
a) The impact of generated traffic on air pollution, vibration Only normally required where
and noise criteria A or C met
10. Parking
a) Justify the level of parking provision as part of the Required where any parking
application provision is proposed
11. Conclusions and recommendations
a) Summary of transport impacts Always required
b) Details of remedial measures proposed to alleviate any Always required
identified problems or evidence that no remedial measures
are necessary
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Appendix 7.2 On-site parking requirements
Offices, Shops, Maximum of 1 space per 1,500 sq.m. gross floor space for staff,
Industry and visitors and servicing (but not shop customers) to include one
Warehousing adequately proportioned and positioned space for staff and visitors
with disabilities per 6,000 sq.m. gross floor space.
Hotels and related Car parking facilities will not normally be required. All developments
activities within will however be required to assess and meet expected demand for
hotel developments parking and servicing from coaches, mini-buses and people with
disabilities.
Entertainment and Car parking facilities will not normally be required. All developments
Leisure uses will however be required to assess and meet expected demand for
parking and servicing from coaches, mini-buses and people with
disabilities.
Hospitals and On the merits of each case, but any parking space necessary for people
Medical Centres with disabilities, medical staff who have a demonstrable emergency
commitment and emergency vehicles will be provided off-street.
Special Needs 1.0 space per 10 residential units, but this may be varied to suit
Housing particular cases.
1.0 space per dwelling may be required for housing for people with
disabilities.
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7.2.2 Cycle parking
The table below details the City Council’s requirements:
Places of work B1/A2 Business Offices. Services 1 space per 125m2 min. 2 spaces
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Appendix 7.3 Garage dimensions
4.9m
mimimum typical double disabled
4.9m
single
Larger garages should be supplied to allow for cycles, refuse and other storage
3.0m
road
m
0 .6
5m
3 .6
barrier or m
0 .3
traffic signal
footway
1.0 X 1.0 m
visibility splay
garage
Note: Dimensions are shown as desirable (and minimum)
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Appendix 7.4 Parking bay dimensions and typical vehicle sizes
2.4m
4.8m
2.4m
6.0m
4.5m
3.5m
6.0m
1.8m
0.6m 4.8m
TRANSFER ZONE
4.8m 4.8m
Turning radius
Vehicle Length Width Rear overhang
- kerb to kerb
(Vehicle used for typical size) (metres) (metres) (metres)
(metres)
Medium Car 4.4 1.7 5.1 0.9
(Volvo 440)
3.5 Ton Panel Van 5.4 2.0 5.9 1.5
(large wheelbase Ford Transit)
7.5 Ton Box Van 8.0 2.1 7.4 2.6
(Man 8.150)
Refuse Vehicle 9.9 2.5 9.5 3.5
(Phoenix 23)
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Appendix 7.5 Plan of Strategic Routes
19
Appendix 7.6 Access and visibility
Maximum width
Footway crossover purpose
at back of footway (metres)
Individual garage or parking spaces 3.0
Grouped parking places 4.8
Large vehicle in housing 5.5
Individual site 7.3
Industrial premises 11.5
(Split in two by a 1.5m pedestrian refuge)
No access should be within 15 metres of the nearest edge of a side road
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Appendix 7.7 Tables and chairs
21
Appendix 7.8 Footways and cycleways
4.3m
3.3m
0.9m (0.76m) 2.0m
1.8m
kerb line
lamp column etc.
WCC minimum wheelchair subways schools and
(two-way use) bus stops
7.8.2 Cycleways
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7.8.3 Sheffield cycle parking stand
Design and layouts are as recommended in the London Cycle Network Design Manual20
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Appendix 7.9 Vertical clearances
(5.1m)
5.3m
column
2.6m
arcade
footway
kerb
Carriageway
1.8m 1.0m
Minimum footway
Dimensions are shown as desirable minimum (and absolute minimum)
For more information on shopfronts see Shopfronts, Blinds and Signs, A Guide to their Design26
ß 1800 mm Max. à
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