Discrimination is prohibited by international treaties.

there is no widely agreed concept of

discrimination according to Wouter Vandenhole 2005: 33. In fact the main human rights documents
don't describe discrimination at all instead offering a non-exhaustive list of grounds on which it is
prohibited. As a result the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICCPR was created. Any
discrimination shall be prohibited by statute, and all persons shall be guaranteed equal and effective
protection against discrimination on any basis, including race colour sex language faith, political or
other opinion national or social origin land birth or other status it says Article 26. According to the
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights, The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms
guaranteed by this Convention shall be guaranteed without discrimination on the basis of sex
ethnicital colour language faith, political or other opinion, national or social origin, membership in a
national minority land birth or other status Article 14. The issue of what discrimination is remains
unanswered.

Discrimination has been linked to a variety of negative mental and physical health consequences
according to Williams & Mohammed 2009. Several mechanisms are likely to contribute to the
negative effects of discrimination interactions. When prejudice occurs on a regular basis, these
feelings become more pronounced, leading to increased anxiety. probably due to the activation of
stress response mechanisms or changes in health habits, depressive symptoms, poor physical health
and more chronic disease Adam et al. 2015 Fuller-Rowell Doan & Eccle 2012.

Another line of social science research looks at dominant groups behaviors and behavior to see
where and how racial considerations come into play. In addition to the long history of general
population survey studies on racial perceptions and prejudices cf. Schuman et al. 2001, Farley et al.
1994 Several researchers have developed interview methods to assess employers and other
gatekeepers proclivity for discrimination. Employers are asked a series of questions about the last
worker recruited for a noncollege job in a series of employer surveys conducted by Harry Holzer thus
grounding employers answers in a concrete recent experience.

Take a look at the following example of direct discrimination. Several men of Roma descent
were denied service in a bar in a Romanian town in 2002. The bartender justified his actions by
pointing to a sign that read We do not serve Roma. The Romanian court that heard the case found
that the Roma men had been subjected to illegal overt discrimination.

In certain legal systems, an act that disproportionately disadvantages members of a certain

community can be considered racist, even if the agent has no intention of doing so and there is no
other problematic mental condition driving the act, such as ignorance or prejudice.

Discrimination Qoutes:

I feel discriminated against from time to time, but it does not make me angry. It simply astounds
me. How could anyone refuse the privilege of being in my company It's beyond my comprehension.
 Beeghly, Erin, 2018. “Discrimination and Disrespect” in Lippert-Rasmussen (ed.)
2018, pp. 83–96,
 Flew, Anthony, 1990. “Three Concepts of Racism,” Encounter, 75: 63–66.
 Hook, Sidney, 1995. “Reverse Discrimination,” in Steven Cahn (ed.), The
Affirmative Action Debate, New York: Routledge, pp. 145–152.
 Lippert-Rasmussen, Kasper, 2006. “The Badness of
Discrimination,” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 9: 167–185.
 Williams DR, Mohammed SA. Discrimination and racial disparities in health:
evidence and needed research. Journal of behavioral medicine. 2009;32(1):20–
47. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 Fuller-Rowell TE, Doan SN, Eccles JS. Differential effects of perceived
discrimination on the diurnal cortisol rhythm of African Americans and
Whites. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012;37(1):107–118. [PMC free
article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
