Cryptography

A.Cryptography- It is defined as an art and science of codes and ciphers. This is done through the use of
“Speech Inverter” whereby essential speech frequencies are divide into several ranges by filters then
inverted to produce it scrambled speech when intercepted.

B. Crypto Analyst- Refers to those persons who break intercepted codes.

C. Cryptographer- It refers to a person who is highly skilled in converting message from clear to
unintelligible forms by use of codes and cipher.

D. Coding-It is the changing of message from plain clear text to unintelligible form also known as
“Encrypting”.

E. Decoding- Transforming of coded message into plain text also known as “Decrypting”,

Security Measures and Operations in relation to Intelligence

A. Physical Security- The broadest type of security that is concerned with the physical measures
designed to safeguard personnel and prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, materials,
documents, and to protect them from espionage, sabotage, damage or theft.

B. Communication Security- The protection resulting from the application of various measures which
prevent or delay the enemy or unauthorized person in gaining information through communication. This
includes transmission, cryptographic and physical security.

C. Document Security- Protection of documents, classified matters and vital records from loss, access to
unauthorized persons, damage, theft and compromise through proper storage and procedures.

Classify – Assigning of Information or material to one of the four security classification after determining
that such information requires security as prescribed by PNP regulation 200-012.

Reclassify – The act of changing the assigned classification of a document or material.

Declassify – The removal of the security classification from classified document or material.
Upgrading - The process of assigning higher category of document or information according to the
degree of security needed
Compartmentation – The granting of access to classified document or information only to properly
cleared persons when such classified information is required in the performance of their official duties,
and restricting it to specific physical confines when feasible.
Classifications of Documents

1. Top Secret – Top Secret documents calls for the utmost degree of protection. Unauthorized
revelation of this materials and information would cause extremely severe damage to the nation,
politically, economically, or militarily.

2. Secret - Unauthorized disclosure of this documents or things may put at risk the nation security,
cause serious injury to the reputation of the nation, the reproduction of which will be considerable cost
and labor, or significant delay

3. Confidential - Unauthorized revelation of which may be injurious to the reputation of the nation or
governmental activity or would cause administrative humiliation or unnecessary injury.

4. Restricted - This are information which should not be published or communicated to anyone except
for official purposes, These records are daily files, routine in nature even if lost or destroyed, will not
affect operation or administration.

D. Personnel Security- the sum total procedures followed, inquiries conducted and criteria applied to
determine the work suitable to a particular applicant or the retention or transfer of a particular
employee.

Personnel Security Investigation – is an inquiry into the character, reputation, discretion, integrity,
morals and loyalty of an individual in order to determine a person’s suitability for appointment access to
classified matter.

Types of PSI

A. Local Agency Check- Refers to the investigation of the records and files of agency in the area of
principal residence of the individual being investigated: Mayor, Police, Fiscal, where the individual is a
resident.

B. National Agency Check- It consists of LAC supplemented by investigation of the records and files of
the following agencies: PNP, ISAFP, NBI, CSC, Bureau of Immigration and Deportation and other agency.

C. Background Investigation – a check made on an individual usually seeking employment through

subjects records in the police files, educational institutions, place of residence, and former employers.

Complete Background Investigation- it is a type of BI which is more comprehensive that consist of

detailed information regarding the subject.

Partial Background Investigation- investigation of the background of the individual but limited only to
some of the circumstances.

Security Clearance- It is a certification by a responsible authority that the person described is cleared to
access and classify matters at appropriate levels.
• Interim Clearance- Effectivity Two Years

• Final Clearance- Effectivity Five Years