Coal Mining2
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1. beds or 1 COAL MINING 001: Strata means
layersbedslayers*
2. caved roof 2 COAL MINING 002: Goaf means
materials*
3. at the face* 3 COAL MINING 003: Where the
microenvironment is located in a
longwall operation.
4. longwall 4 COAL MINING 004: It is one of the
mining*longwall high extraction methods of mining coal
underground.
5. climate 5 COAL MINING 005: It is the most
important geographical factor
influencing coal formation, which affects
the rate of floral growth and the degree
of preservation of accumulated plant
materials in a peat swamp.
6. tar 6 COAL MINING 006: It is a liquid, very
viscous, hydrocarbon not extractable
from oil wells.
7. kerogene 7 COAL MINING 007: A solid petroleum
that occurs as a component of shale.
8. pillar extraction 8 COAL MINING 008: The two
and longwalling*a predominant methods in underground
coal mining. (a) pillar extraction and
longwalling (b) shortwall mining and
pitch mining (c) room-and-pillar and
breast stoping (d) hydraulic mining and
stop-and-pillar mining
9. continuous 9 COAL MINING 009: In room-and-pillar
mining mining, this method is more preferred
than the conventional mining method
because separate unit operations are
eliminated or performed by a single
high-performance mining machine. It is
also more efficient than the latter, lends
more easily to, and benefits from
simulation analyses for improving its
performance.
10. pitch mining 10 COAL MINING 010: This method is a
variation of room-and-pillar mining and
is used when the deposit dip exceeds 15
degrees. The necessary modification is to
mine cross-pitch to reduce the effective
haulage grades.
11. air blast 11 COAL MINING 011: This phenomenon in
longwall mining is a result brought about by
the violent collapse of the goafs
compressing the cavity underneath the main
roof. The occurs when the roof is competent
(e.g. a massive limestone) and the face has
advanced for a distance of 100 - 150m.
12. abutment 12 COAL MINING 012: After the collapse as
in air blast, a redistribution of the overburden
pressure occurs. Part of the load now rests
on the goaf and the remainder is partly
carried by the _________.
13. methane 13 COAL MINING 013: It is the practice of
drainage removing the gas contained in a coal seam
and adjoining strata before actual mining
through wellbores drill holes, and pipelines.
14. floor heave 14 COAL MINING 014: A mode of pillar
failure wherein the pillar load exceeds the
foundation (floor) material's unconfined
compressive strength. The failure is
manifested by upward deformation of the
floor.
15. pillar scaling 15 COAL MINING 015: Another pillar failure
mode wherein the coals pillar, due to
backpressure, gradually scales off. This
effective reduces the size of the pillar,
thereby reducing its strength and increasing
the pillar stress.
16. rock fall 16 COAL MINING 016: A beam failure mode
wherein the roof materials break due to its
own weight and presence of natural fractures.
The roof debris falls into the opening.
However, this is not stress-related.
17. flexure 17 COAL MINING 017: A beam failure mode
failure*flexure manifested by flexure of the roof under the
influence of its own weight plus the weight of
the material underneath which is suspended
from it by bolting and the weight of softer
material overlying it.
18. face break 19 COAL MINING 019: A sudden spalling or
collapse of the coalface caused by stress
concentration at the face resulting from goaf
hang-ups and presence of joints near and
parallel to the surface. This happens under
strong roof and floor conditions.
19. pillar run 20 COAL MINING 020: A large-scale
instability involving the failure of a great
number of pillars in a partial high extraction
system. The massive failure is caused by
tremendous pressure transmitted to the
pillars by a strong roof.
20. cut+drill+blast+load+haul*a 21 COAL MINING 021: The 28. there is a high 30 COAL MINING 030: If the coal is easy
production cycle of operations concentration to cut, (a) there is a high concentration at
in the room-and-pillar mining of at the face*a the face (b) there is a low stress
coal with conventional concentration at the face (c) no stress
equipment is modified from the concentration exists (d) no hang-ups will
basic cycle by the insertion of occur
cutting to improve breakage.
29. high stress 31 COAL MINING 031: Floor heave is a
(a)cut+drill+blast+load+haul, (b)
concentration result of (a) low stress concentration and
drill+blast+load+haul+cut, (c)
and weak weak roof (b) high stress concentration and
blast+load+haul+cut+drill, (d)
floor*d strong roof (c) low stress concentration and
load+haul+cut+drill+blast
weak floor (d) high stress concentration and
21. simulation 22 COAL MINING 022: A weak floor
systematic means of evaluating
30. easier coal 32 COAL MINING 032: The advantage of a
performance and operational
cutting*a strong roof in longwalling is (a) easier coal
factors for optimizing cycle of
cutting (b) high stress concentration at the
operations in conventional
face (c) goaf hang-up (d) more load
mining. This is done usually with
transferred to the abutment
the aid of computers.
31. high stress 33 COAL MINING 033: Disadvantage of a
22. subsidence 23 COAL MINING 023: An
concentration strong roof in longwalling is (a) low stress
inevitable outcome from the
at the face*d concentration at the face (b) harder coal to
high-extraction method of
cut (c) roof failure (d) high stress
mining coal.
concentration at the face
23. bolt 24 COAL MINING 024: A coal
32. it begins to 34 COAL MINING 034: When the goaf has
mining support (post, bolt, peg,
destabilize*d fully developed, the extraction panel(a) is
stake)
finally stable (b) undergoes the transition
24. easier coal cutting*d 25 COAL MINING 025: Effect of phase (c) stress build-up begins (d) it begins
high stress on the face. (a) to destabilize
difficult coal handling (b) easy
33. increases*a 35 COAL MINING 035: As the face
coal conveying (c) harder coal
advances, stress acting on it (increases,
cutting (d) easier coal cutting
decreases, fluctuates, will not change)
25. high load transfer*a 26 COAL MINING 026: Effect
34. the stresses 36 COAL MINING 036: When the roof
of competent roofs (a) high
are caves in longwalling (a) the abutment are
load transfer (b) low load
redistributed*b completely relieved of their loads (b) the
transfer (c) subsidence (d)
stresses are redistributed (c) the load
stability
disappears (d) the load is doubled
26. high stress 27 COAL MINING 027: Effect of
35. roof is 37 COAL MINING 037: Violent caving of
concentrations*b corners in coal mining.(no
strong*c the roof happens when the (a) roof is weak
effect, high stress
(b) floor is strong (c) roof is strong (d) floor
concentrations, stable work
is weak
place, rock falls)
36. floor is weak 38 COAL MINING 038: Floor heaving
27. joints striking parallel to 28 COAL MINING 028:
and roof is happens when the (a) floor is weak and roof
the face*c Dangerous joints. (a) joints
strong*a is strong (b) floor is strong and roof is
striking perpendicular to the
strong (c) roof is weak and floor is weak (d)
face, (b) joints striking oblique
roof is strong
to the face, (c) joints striking
parallel to the face, (d) joints 37. structures 39 COAL MINING 039: The strength of a
striking in any directions present in the coal pillar is dependent upon the strength
pillar of the coal material and
38. barrier 40 COAL MINING 040: Large pillars in a
pillars*barrier coal mine to protect smaller ones.
39. bump 41 COAL MINING 041: Failure of a coal pillar by overstress.
40. pressure arch 42 COAL MINING 042: The theory which implies that upon excavation of an opening in a coal seam, the
theory*pressure arch redistributed stress forms an elliptical arch.
41. longwall 43 COAL MINING 043: The coal mining method that best control coal bumps.
mininglongwalllong wall