April 2019 Communication Lab

INDEX
S.No. CONTENTS Page.No.

VOCABULARY
1
READING COMPREHENSION
2
ERROR CORRECTION
3
IELTS
4
FIND THE WORD
5
JUMBLED SENTENCES
6
7 INTERVIEW SKILLS
A. Job Application Letter
B. Resume
C. Frequently Asked Questions
PRESENTATION
8 A. Explanation
B. Non-technical Topic
GROUP DISCUSSION
9 A. Explanation
B. Useful Phrases
C. Sample Group Discussion
10 KNOW YOURSELF
VOCABULARY
EXERCISE NO 1
1. A politician must be able to withstand public criticism.
(A) tolerate
(B) incense
(C) flourish
(D) reject
2. What you regard as witticisms may be offensive to sensitive people.
(A) trite remarks

(B) clichés
(C) witnesses
(D) witty sayings
3. Some economics wizards are striving to develop a coherent economic policy

for the government.
(A) dilettantes
(B) experts
(C) amateurs
(D) tycoons
4. Let the baby wobble along.
(A) run
(B) hop
(C) rush
(D) move unsteadily
5. He stayed up late, as was his wont.
(A) habit
(B) woe
(C) vow
(D) quirk
6. It must be a horrible experience to see a ghost; it is even more horrible to see

the wraith of a person we know to be alive.
(A) anger
(B) exasperation
(C) apparition
(D) irritation
7. Man and wife had better avoid wrangling about trifles.
(A) negotiating
(B) quarreling
(C) talking
(D) worrying
8. Ancients believed that gods who were displeased could vent their wrath on
mankind.
(A) rage
(B) phantasm
(C) wraith
(D) specter
9. Do not wreak your wrath on the innocent.
(A) forsake
(B) inflict
(C) wreath
(D) wile
10. His ankle being wrenched, the player was sidelined.
(A) amputated
(B) Condoned
(C) Dispelled
(D) injured by twisting
EXERCISE. NO: 2
1. After a week's growth of whiskers, he looked like a shabby vagabond.
(A) veterans
(B) viands
(C) victuals
(D) hair growing on man's cheeks
2. A capable leader knows how to wield his power properly.
(A) relinquish
(B) renounce
(C) remiss
(D) manipulate
3. He is as wily as a fox in avoiding trouble.
(A) artistic
(B) cunning
(C) guileless
(D) forthright
4. A man of rectitude seldom winces at an insult.
(A) shrinks
(B) confronts
(C) retaliates
(D) reiterates
5. The government will not wink at corruption.
(A) connive at
(B) punish
(C) investigate
(D) pry into
6. The farmer still used the old way to winnow wheat.
(A) blow off the chaff from

(B) sow
(C) scatter
(D) disperse
7. By her winsome manner, she has won many friends.
(A) crafty
(B) sweet
(C) shrewd
(D) wily
8. The comedian's wisecracks were irresistible.
(A) smart talks

(B) antics
(C) vexations
(D) hassles
9. The child stood beside his mother looking with wistful eyes at
the cookies still steaming.
(A) malicious
(B) vicious
(C) yearning
(D) wiry
10. Nothing could withhold him once he made up his mind.
(A) award
(B) reward
(C) restrain
(D) push
EXERCISE NO 3
1. The socially mature person is psychologically weaned from his

childhood home.
(A) attached to
(B) detached from
(C) stuck to
(D) adherent to
2. Here's a wedge you can use as a doorstop.
(A) V-shaped block

(B) iron bar
(C) brick
(D) dagger
3. The boy shuddered at the weird glow that swept across the sky.
(A) natural
(B) normal
(C) eerie
(D) spontaneous
4. Iron and copper weld easily.
(A) separate
(B) weed out
(C) wend
(D) join together
5. The hog weltered happily in the muddy puddle.
(A) throbbed
(B) wallowed
(C) toppled
(D) tottered
6. The odor from the kitchen whetted the guests’ appetite.
(A) beleaguered
(B) harassed
(C) pestered
(D) stimulated
7. Being pent up in the house all winter, he had a whim for fishing.
(A) sudden fancy

(B) lasting interest
(C) vantage
(D) variance
8. The mother smiled over her baby's whimpering in sleep.
(A) shrieking
(B) whining
(C) wailing
(D) whirling
9. The little boy whined after he was spanked.
(A) whimpered
(B) whirred
(C) whirled
(D) whispered
10. Upon being caught, the criminal was whisked into the police car.
(A) released
(B) varnished
(C) vested
(D) hurried
EXERCISE NO 4
1. Birds warble hilariously in the springtime.
(A) nestle
(B) wail
(C) Teeter
(D) sing
2. The mayor knew how to ward off attacks from councilmen.
(A) greet
(B) fend off
(C) confront
(D) face up to
3. The warden has all the keys to the rooms.
(A) custodian
(B) manager
(C) captain
(D) commander
4. The manufacturer warranted the merchandise to be exactly as described in the catalog.
(A) breached
(B) guaranteed
(C) spoiled
(D) disregarded
5. The crow is said to be a very wary bird.
(A) cautious
(B) rash
(C) reckless
(D) remiss
6. The waspish woman is to be shunned.
(A) irritable
(B) wanton
(C) virtuous
(D) Chaste
7. The young man never wavered in his determination to become a businessman.
(A) vacillate
(B) till
(C) tinkle
(D) trample
8. The moon waxes till it becomes full, and then it begins to wane.
(A) transpires
(B) trespasses
(C) becomes larger
(D) trudges
9. The actress was waylaid by the reporters who kept asking her questions.
(E) triggered
(F) transported
(G) intercepted
(H) temporized
10. Scolded by his parents, the wayward child ran away from home.
(I) timid
(J) shy
(K) willful
(L) tractable
EXERCISE NO 5
1. The underlying principle of our economic planning is to assure an equitable share of

economic benefits for everyone.
(A) facetious
(B) factitious
(C) fallacious
(D) fundamental
2. Constant gambling undermined his financial status.
(A) reinforced
(B) weakened
(C) waived
(D) wielded
3. The wheat undulated in the breeze.
(A) moved in a wavelike motion

(B) radiated
(C) racked
(D) halted
4. I like his unembellished style.
(A) adorned
(B) elaborate
(C) plain
(D) garnished
5. His refusal is unequivocal.
(A) clear
(B) hazy
(C) obscure
(D) ambivalent
6. Our unfaltering determination to fight for freedom is known to the whole world.
(A) vacillating
(B) halting
(C) abiding
(D) tentative
7. The murder case remains an unfathomable mystery.
(A) apprehensible
(B) lucid
(C) luminous
(D) incomprehensible
8. The freshman is as ungainly as a newborn calf.
(A) agile
(B) nimble
(C) clumsy
(D) alert
9. One failure after another has unhinged his mind.
(A) hurried
(B) upset
(C) composed
(D) quieted
10. The unilateral repudiation of the treaty has never been considered by that country.
(A) two-sided
(B) single-sided
(C) bilateral
(D) triangular
EXERCISE NO 6
1. The soldier was decorated for his valor under fire.
(A) mediocrity
(B) timidity
(C) mettle; bravery
(D) pusillanimity
2. Some heartless vandals knocked off the head of the statue.
(A) burglars
(B) malicious destroyers
(C) thieves
(D) robbers
3. Those young women are the vanguard of fashion and fad.
(A) laggards
(B) conservatives
(C) lairs
(D) forerunners
4. We shall never be vanquished.
(A) conquered
(B) camouflaged
(C) chided
(D) merged
5. The fired upon the enemy from behind trees, walls, and any other point of vantage they
could find.
(A) a better position

(B) disadvantage
(C) vulnerable point
(D) fort
6. He delivered an uninspired and vapid address.
(A) encouraging
(B) entertaining
(C) dull
(D) ferocious
7. A thin coat of vapor began to collect on the windshield.
(A) moisture
(B) hearth
(C) pagan
(D) heathen
8. They have been at variance for years.
(A) difference of opinion

(B) agreement
(C) harmony
(D) immutability
9. He will not like this blue necktie as he is addicted to variegated clothing.
(A) single-colored
(B) aromatic
(C) many-colored
(D) plain
10. Tom tends to varnish the truth to make a more interesting story.
(A) diluted
(B) aggravated
(C) worsened
(D) embellished
EXERCISE NO 7
1. On a fine day, they boys sallied out into the country.
(A) set out briskly

(B) heaved
(C) hewed
(D) germinated
2. Many people with hay fever move to more salubrious sections of the country during the
months of August and September.
(A) cold
(B) hot
(C) healthful
(D) giddy
3. A light punishment will have a salutary effect on the boy.
(A) deleterious
(B) detrimental
(C) wholesome
(D) injurious
4. All attempts to salvage the wrecked ship failed.
(A) salved
(B) hinged
(C) flickered
(D) demurred
5. A life of sacrifice and selflessness will sanctify her.
(A) purify
(B) hoard
(C) flinch
(D) gloat
6. Don't be fooled by his sanctimonious phrases.
(A) sanctified
(B) hypocritical
(C) cordial
(D) sincere
7. The best moral sanction is that of conscience; the worst is the fear of punishment.
(A) reward
(B) penalty
(C) award
(D) holocaust
8. The study became his best sanctuary.
(A) homage
(B) homicide
(C) refuge
(D) grit
9. The captain's sangfroid helped to allay the fears of the passengers.
(A) pressure
(B) aid
(C) equanimity
(D) grievance
10. That border war was unexpectedly sanguinary.
(A) peaceful
(B) bloody
(C) mild
(D) gallant
EXERCISE NO 8
1. The young man was disowned by his parents because he became a scoundrel
estranged by the community.
(A) invalid
(B) rascal
(C) dissident
2. The police scoured the neighborhood for the lost child.
(A) plundered
(B) pillaged
(C) pilfered
(D) searched
3. In Middle Ages, the black plague was regarded as a deadly scourge.
(A) curse
(B) hue
(C) interlude
(D) grit
4. He didn't say anything; he just scowled his disapproval.
(A) shouted
(B) huddled
(C) frowned
(D) screeched
5. The writer says that a modern Japanese woman, instead of trying to enrich her inner
self, is in a mad scramble to ape anything that is new and foreign -- fashion, cosmetics,
hairdos, rock-and-roll.
(A) rush
(B) homicide
(C) hostage
(D) insolence
6. The student barely scraped through the exam.
(A) failed
(B) flunked
(C) hovered
(D) succeeded with difficulty
7. He scrawled a quick note to her on his way out.
(A) scribbled
(B) scratched
(C) screaked
(D) scrapped
8. She scrimped all year to buy that fur coat.
(A) squandered
(B) hauled
(C) insinuated
(D) economized
9. After cooking and eating, she hates to scrub the pots and pans, and leaves the task to her
husband.
(E) wash hard

(F) hurl
(G) scroll
(H) grope
10. I can recommend him for a position of responsibility, for I have found him a
very scrupulous young man.
(A) shifty
(B) questionable
(C) conscientious
(D) slipper
EXERCISE NO 9
1. There were several hippies living in the ramshackle house.
(A) concrete
(B) rickety; dilapidated
(C) congenial
(D) spacious
2. Let us forget our rancor and cooperate in this new endeavor.
(A) amity
(B) hatred
(C) accord
(D) concord
3. His random remarks often offend his friends.
(A) purposeful
(B) deliberate
(C) purposeless
(D) methodical
4. This decision has long rankled as act of injustice.
(A) continued to cause pain

(B) groveled
(C) looted
(D) compromised
5. A burglar broke into her house and ransacked all the drawers.
(A) struck
(B) searched thoroughly
(C) raided
(D) presided
6. The billionaire refused to ransom his kidnapped grandson.
(A) rank
(B) rake
(C) shuttle
(D) liberate by paying a price
7. As we heard him rant on the platform, we could not understand his strange
popularity with many people.
(A) rave
(B) whisper
(C) whine
(D) waylay
8. The rapacious wolf seized the lamb.
(A) lenient
(B) exquisite
(C) balmy
(D) grasping
9. Both sides were eager to establish a rapprochement but did not know how to
undertake a program designed to bring about harmony.
(A) antagonism
(B) antipathy
(C) estrangement
(D) reconciliation
10. The miser gazed at the gold with rapture.
(A) agony
(B) anguish
(C) ecstasy
(D) affliction
EXERCISE NO 10
1. When he was excited, his heart began to palpitate more and more erratically.
(A) swing
(B) beat
(C) waver
(D) switch
2. The old man shook with such palsy that he could hardly hold chopsticks.
A. Fear
B. Anger
C. Anxiety
D. Paralysis
3. Do not be upset by the paltry gossip; just ignore it.
A. worthless; trifling
B. vicious
C. malicious
D. malignant
4. Man's flesh should neither be starved nor be pampered.
A. hankered
B. yearned
C. pined
D. over-indulged
5. Bicycles are not a panacea for the traffic problem.
(A) headache
(B) hassle
(C) trouble
(D) remedy for all difficulties
6. The modest hero blushed as he listened to the panegyric uttered by the speaker about his
valorous act.
A. admonition
B. eulogy
C. implication
D. impetus
7. The pang of a toothache kept him awake all night.

(A) pretext
(B) puncture
(C) stamina
(D) pain
8. When the restaurant caught fire, there was terrible panic.
(A) fear
(B) equanimity
(C) composure
(D) self-possession
9. Tourists never forget the impact of their first panorama of the Grand Canyon.
(A) short view

(B) oblivion
(C) oasis
(D) unobstructed view
10. He was panting after running up the stairs.
(A) resting
(B) roaming
(C) Sitting
(D) breathing quickly
EXERCISE NO 11
1. He poked the man in front of him to get his attention.
(A) pushed
(B) shouted at
(C) dragged
(D) Polled
2. The polemic point in which they had been engaged was resolved.
(A) important
(B) Silly
(C) argumentative
(D) Plucky
3. A little more than 30% of those polled said they had a grant deal of confidence in Carter.
(A) surveyed
(B) pushed
(C) enforced
(D) reiterated
4. Our rivers are full of pollutants from the factories along the banks.
(A) morasses
(B) minerals
(C) knocker
(D) wastes that contaminate environment
5. The polyglot populations of Asia and Africa often find it much easier to learn
English than the speech of their nearest neighbors.
(A) speaking many languages

(B) native
(C) alien
(D) aboriginal
6. The severity with which the boy was pommeled was indicated by the bruises he
displayed on his head and face.
(A) slapped
(B) beaten
(C) eulogized
(D) lauded
7. Be a little modest; don't be a pompous old fool.
(A) natural
(B) meek
(C) plain
(D) self-important
8. When a difficulty arises, we have to ponder the best way a try to solve it.
(A) pander
(B) pamper
(C) consider carefully
(D) perforate
9. Reading such a ponderous prose style as his calls for patience.
(A) dull
(B) sparkling
(C) vivid
(D) supple
10. The king did not know what these omens might portend and asked his soothsayers
to interpret them.
(A) irrigate
(B) gibe
(C) flutter
(D) foretell
EXERCISE NO 12
1. The prevailing point of view among American farmers is that they have been sold
out because of the low price of their products.
(A) exceptional
(B) current
(C) unusual
(D) poignant
2. The government tried to prevent loan sharks from preying upon the poor.
(A) exploiting
(B) conducing to
(C) condoning
(D) concurring with
3. The boy immediately felt the prick of conscience after he had talked back to his mother.
(A) ease
(B) repose
(C) freedom
(D) pain; sting
4. His priggish manner has offended all his colleagues.
(A) self-complacent
(B) exquisite
(C) self-reflective
(D) ignoble
5. She is a prim lady, easily shocked by vulgar language.
(A) Lax
(B) Loose
(C) slack
(D) proper to the point of affectation
6. The scenic spot has been preserved in all its pristine wildness.
(A) secret
(B) privy
(C) progressive
(D) unspoiled
7. The young man was admitted to the company on probation.

(A) trial or testing of conduct, character, ability
(B) privacy
(C) premonition
(D) preemption
8. The novel probes deeply into human nature.
(A) delves
(B) falls
(C) talks
(D) loiters
9. Everyone took the clerk's probity for granted; his defalcation, therefore, shocked us all.
(A) corruptibility
(B) uprightness
(C) depravation
(D) dishonesty
10. We were surprised at the young man's proclivity to vice.
(A) rejection
(B) immunity
(C) exemption
(D) inclination
EXERCISE NO 13
1. Nothing is more disgusting than the obsequious demeanor of the people who wait upon
their superior.
(A) servile
(B) self-assertive
(C) arrogant
(D) haughty
2. The patient was obsessed by the fear of operation.
(A) detached
(B) observed
(C) unconcerned
(D) preoccupied
3. Some old-fashioned social customs are obsolete.
(A) contemporary
(B) current
(C) unique
(D) no longer active or in use
4. He had a very obstinate determination to live as he pleased.
(A) acquiescent
(B) complaisant
(C) pliable
(D) stubborn
5. We found him a very obtrusive person, constantly seeking the center of the stage.
(A) pertinent
(B) conducive
(C) modest
(D) impertinent; pushing toward
6. I was too obtuse to take the hint of what he had said.
(A) blunt; stupid

(B) smart
(C) intelligent
(D) sagacious
7. The rich man hoped that the contribution he made would obviate any
need for further collections of funds.
(A) relate
(B) prevent
(C) necessitate
(D) bring out
8. The occult rites of the organization were revealed only to members.
(A) lucid
(B) unequivocal
(C) plain
(D) mysterious
9. The oculist applied medical drops to his eyes for the purpose of
examining them.
(A) botanist
(B) psychiatrist
(C) therapist
(D) person who specializes in the treatment of the eyes
10. War is odious to all people except the warmonger.
(A) orderly
(B) compatible
(C) hateful
(D) affable
EXERCISE NO 14
1. The remains of dinner provided only a meager meal that evening.
(A) copious
(B) ample
(C) scanty
(D) appreciable
2. It is difficult to sail up the stream because of the way it

meanders through the countryside.
(A) winds
(B) flows
(C) overflows
(D) deluges
3. The young man felt his marriage was suffering because of his
meddlesome mother-in-law.
(A) measly
(B) bickering
(C) interfering
(D) mean
4. They let the third party mediate their differences.
(A) settle dispute between

(B) predicates
(C) saturates
(D) Instigates
5. The boss was disappointed because the highly-paid manager gave a

rather mediocre performance in his role.
(A) Radical
(B) Ardent
(C) Arduous
(D) commonplace
6. As his age advances, the old man tends to meditate on his past life.
(A) Repent
(B) Regret
(C) Expect
(D) Ponder
7. In Hawaii, there is a medley of races.
(A) Mixture
(B) Medium
(C) Mammoth
(D) Medication
8. The poet happily accepted the meed of praise.
(A) Penalty
(B) Violation
(C) Reward
(D) punishment
9. The employee was as meek as a lamb when reproved by his boss.
(E) humble
(F) mettlesome
(G) insubordinate
(H) rebellious
10. The gloomy day led him to a melancholy train of thought.
(A) hopeful
(B) optimistic
(C) dejected
(D) Robust
EXERCISE NO 15
1. No one believed in his incongruous story.
(A) appropriate
(B) inconsistent
(C) compatible
(D) conceivable
2. As an incorrigible criminal, he was sentenced to life imprisonment.
(A) Musty
(B) Precarious
(C) Precedent
(D) uncorrectable
3. This job has an annual increment in salary until you reach the
maximum of $ 18,000 a year.
(A) increase
(B) minimum
(C) incubation
(D) reduction
4. The incubus of financial worry helped to bring on his nervous breakdown.
(A) indecisiveness
(B) indecency
(C) nightmare
(D) increase
5. Week after week the teacher inculcated good manners in her pupils.
(A) Fitted
(B) instructed
(C) accustomed
(D) demanded
6. It is incumbent upon you to give them some advice.
(A) required of
(B) misleading of
(C) mistaken for
(D) fault-finding of
7. He foolishly incurred debts beyond his ability to pay.
(A) Eluded
(B) eschewed
(C) brought upon himself
(D) Evaded
8. She regarded argument in public as indecorous.
(A) Seemly
(B) improper
(C) conventional
(D) Formal
9. Mr. Chang is a teacher who has indefatigable patience with slow learners.
(A) laggard
(B) inexhaustible
(C) indolent
(D) sluggish
10. The sermon made an indelible impression on the hearers.

(A) Transitory
(B) Transient
(C) Irremovable
(D) Ephermal
READING COMPREHENSION
EXERCISE NO 1
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward
across the largest and northern most state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-
free seaport village nearly Line 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and
extremely
(5) complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops
the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains,
plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or
(10) under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million
barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long sections of the pipeline follow a
zigzag course high above the frozen earth.
(15) Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to
the surface later on. The pattern of the
pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and
subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock,
or permafrost
(20) (permanently frozen ground). A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the
ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the
type of terrain and the properties of the soil. One of the largest in the world, the pipeline
cost approximately
(25) $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever
undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money,
so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company
controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and
(30) paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today,
despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor
disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft,
the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.
QUESTIONS
1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's

1. operating costs
2. employees
3. consumers
4. construction
2. The word "it" in line 4 refers to
1. pipeline
2. ocean
3. state
4. village
3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the pipeline each
1. day
2. week
3. month
4. year
4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 13 is closest in meaning to
1. Consisting of
2. Supported by
3. Passing under
4. Protected with
5. The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline's route
except the
1. climate
2. lay of the land itself
3. local vegetation
4. kind of soil and rock
6. The word "undertaken" in line 26 is closest in meaning to
1. removed
2. selected
3. transported
4. attempted
7. How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?
1. 3
2. 4
3. 8
4. 12
8. The word "particular" in line 29 is closest in meaning to
1. peculiar
2. specific
3. exceptional
4. equal
9. Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each
member of the consortium would pay?
1. How much oil field land each company owned
2. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields
3. How many people worked for each company
4. How many oil wells were located on the company's land
10. Where in the passage does the author provide a term for an earth covering that
always remains frozen?
1. Line 3
2. Line 13
3. Line 19
4. Line 32
EXERCISE NO 2
In the world today we make health and end in itself. We have forgotten that health is really
means to enable a person to do his work and do it well. A lot of modern medicine and this
includes many patients as well as many physicians pays very little attention to health but very
much attention to those who imagine that they are ill. Our great concern with health is shown by
the medical columns in newspapers. The health articles in popular magazines and the popularity
of television programmes and all those books on medicine. We talk about health all the time.
Yet for the most part the only result is more people with imaginary illness. The healthy man
should not be wasting time talking about health: he should be using health for work. The work
does the work that good health possible.
1. Modern medicine is primarily concerned with
A. promotion of good health
B. people suffering from imaginary illness
C. people suffering from real
illness
D. increased efficiency in work
2. The passage suggests that

A. health is an end in itself
B. health is blessing
C. health is only means to an end
D. we should not talk about health
3. Talking about the health all time makes people

A. always suffer from imaginary illness
B. sometimes suffer from imaginary
illness
C. rarely suffer from imaginary illness
D. often suffer from imaginary illness
4. The passage tells us

A. how medicine should be manufactured
B. what healthy man should or should not do
C. what television programmes should be about
D. how best to imagine illness
5. A healthy man should be concerned with
A. his work which good health makes
possible
B. looking after his health
C. his health which makes work possible
D. talking about health
EXERCISE NO 3
It is to progress in the human sciences that we must look to undo the evils which have resulted
from a knowledge of physical world hastily and superficially acquired by population
unconscious of the changes in themselves that the new knowledge has imperative. The road to a
happier world than any known in the past lies open before us if atavistic destructive passions can
be kept in leash while the necessary adaptations are made. Fears are inevitable in time, but
hopes are equally rational and far more likely to bear good fruit. We must learn to think rather
less of the dangers to be avoided than of the good that will lie within our grasp if we can believe
in it and let it dominate our thoughts. Science, whatever unpleasant consequences it may have
by the way, is in its very nature a liberator, a liberator of bondage to physical nature and in time
to come, a liberator from the weight of destructive passions. We are on the threshold of utter
disaster or unprecedentely glorious achievement. No previous age has been fraught with
problems so momentous; and it is to science that we must look to for a happy future.
1. What does science liberate s from? It is liberate us from
A.fears and destructive passions
B. slavery to physical nature and from passions
C. bondage to physical nature
D.idealistic hopes of glorious future
2. Should human sciences be developed because they will

A.provide more knowledge of the physical word
B. make us conscious of the changing world
C. make us conscious of the changing in ourselves
D. eliminate the destruction caused by a superficial knowledge of the physical world
3. If man's bestial yearning is controlled

A.the future will be tolerable
B. the future will be brighter than the present
C. the present will be brighter than the future
D. the present will become tolerable
4. Fears and hopes according to the author

A. are closely linked with the life of modern man
B. can bear fruit
C. can yield good results
D. are irrational
5. To carve out a bright future man should

A.analyse dangers that lie ahead
B. try to avoid dangers
C. overcome fear and dangers
D.cultivate a positive outlook
EXERCISE NO 4
The object underlying the rules of natural justice "is to prevent miscarriage of justice" and secure "fair play in
action" As pointed out earlier the requirement about recording of reasons for its decision by an administrative
authority exercising quasi-judicial functions achieves his object by excluding changes of arbitrariness and
ensuring a degree of fairness in the process of decision making. Keeping in view the expanding horizon of the
principle of natural justice which govern exercise of power by administrative authorities. The rules of natural
justice are not embodied rules. The extent of their application depends upon the particularly statutory
framework where under jurisdication has been conferred on the administrative authority. with regard to the
exercise of particular power by an administrative authority including exercise of judicial or quasi-judicial
functions the legislature, while conferring the said power, may feel that it would not be in the larger public
interest that the reasons for the order passed by the administrative authority be recorded in the order and be
communicated to the aggrieved party and it may dispense with such a requirement.
1. "The rules of the natural justice are not embodies rules" means that these rules
A. are left deliberately vague
B. cannot be satisfactorily interpreted
C. are flexible
D. cannot be visualised
2. From the passage it is clear that it is the legislature that.

A. invests the administrative authority with enormous powers
B. embodies rules
C. has the larger interests of public welfare
D. leaves administrative authority enough discretion to interpret rules
3. According to the passage, there is always a gap between

A. rules of natural justice and their application
B. conception of a rule and its concretisation
C. demand for natural justice and its realisation
D. intention and execution
4. "To dispense with a requirement" means

A. to do without the demand
B. to drop the charge
C. to cancel all formal procedure
D. to alter the provisions of the case
5. According to the passage, natural justice can be brought about by

A. administrative authority remaining vigilant
B. administrative authority upholding rules of natural justice
C. administrative authority farming rules suitably
D. administrative authority observing the rules of fair play
EXERCISE NO 5
The strength of the electronics industry in Japan is the Japanese ability to organise production and
marketing rather than their achievements in original research. The British are generally recognised
as a far more inventive collection of individuals, but never seem able to exploit what they invent.
There are many examples, from the TSR Z hovercraft, high speed train and Sinclair scooter to the
Triumph, BSA and Norton Motorcycle which all prove this sad rule. The Japanese were able to
exploits their strengths in marketing and development many years ago, and their success was at first
either not understood in the West or was dismissed as something which could have been produced
only at their low price. They were sold because they were cheap copies of other people's ideas
churned out of a workhouse which was dedicated to hard grind above all else.
1. It is evident from the passage that the strength of a country's industry depends upon
A. original research
B. international cooperation
C. dedicated workforce
D. electronic development
2. The sad rule mentioned in this passage refers to
A. the inability of the Japanese to be inventive like the British
B. the inability of the British to be industrious like the Japanese
C. the lack of variety in Japanese inventions
D. the poorer marketing ability of British
3. The TSR Z hovercraft, high speed train, Sinclair scooter etc. are the symbols of
A. Japanese success B. British failure
C. British success D. Japanese failure
4. According to the passage, prosperity in industry depends upon

A. productivity B. inventiveness
C. marketing ability D. official patronage
5. The main theme of this passage is

A. electronic industry in Japan
B. industrial comparison between Japan and Britain
C. the role of marketing efficiency in industrial prosperity
D. the importance of original research in industry
EXERCISE NO 6
Courage is not only the basis of virtue; it is its expression. faith, hope, charity and all the rest
don't become virtues until it takes courage to exercise them. There are roughly two types of
courage. the first an emotional state which urges a man to risk injury or death, is physical
courage. The second, more reasoning attitude which enables him to take coolly his career,
happiness, his whole future or his judgement of what he thinks either right or worthwhile, is
moral courage.
I have known many men, who had marked physical courage, but lacked moral courage. Some
of them were in high places, but they failed to be great in themselves because they lacked
moral courage. On the other hand I have seen men who undoubtedly possessed moral courage
but were very cautious about taking physical risks. But I have never met a man with moral
courage who couldn't, when it was really necessary, face a situation boldly.
1. A man of courage is
A.cunning B.intelligent
C.curious D.careful
2. Physical courage is an expression of

A.emotions B.deliberation
C.uncertainty D.defiance
3. A man with moral courage can

A.defy his enemies B.overcome all difficulties
C.face a situation boldly D.be very pragmatic
4. People with physical courage of ten lack

A.mental balance B.capacity for reasoning
C.emotional stability D.will to fight
5. All virtues become meaningful because of

A.faith B.charity
C.courage D.hope
EXERCISE NO 7
Soft bodied animals like caterpillars often fall a prey to voracious hunters like birds or reptiles.
Despite having no means to 'actively' defend themselves, with weapons like claws or jaws, they
have nevertheless, evolved other equally effective deterrents. A particular species of the
caterpillar lives at an altitude over 2.500 metres in the Himalayas. It uses prominent colour to
inform would be predators of its in edibility. In the event that an inexperienced or adventurous
bird did eat the caterpillar, it would probably vomit it soon after, and subsequently desist from
attacking similar species in future. Though this would do the unfortunate victim no good, the
species benefits. A rare example of the martyr among animals.
1. The expression "others equally effective deterrents" mean
A. preventive weapons which have equal effect of others
B. mechanism which scares everyone equally well
C. .preventive equipment which it is as effective as something that has been already mentioned in the
passage
D .deterrents that are as powerful as those the caterpillars have
2. Experienced birds do not attack the Himalayan caterpillars because they are
A. repulsive B. very aggressive
C. inedible D. diseased
3. The Himalayan caterpillar uses prominent colours to

A. warn the predator B. attack the predator
C. reveal itself D. defend itself
4. Caterpillars cannot defend themselves because

A. are passive animals B. are lazy
C. cannot acquire weapons D. have no claws or jaws
5. In the context of this passage, a martyr is one who dies

A. without putting up resistance B. without any gain to oneself
C. while defending ones homeland D. to save others

EXERCISE NO 8
Today perhaps your only association with the word 'polio' is the Sabin Oral Vaccine that
protects children from the disease. Fifty five years ago this was not so. The dreaded disease,
which mainly affects the brain and spinal cord, causing stiffening and weakening of muscles,
crippling and paralysis - which is Why I am in a wheelchair today. If somebody had predicted,
when I was born, that this would happen to me, no one would have believed it. I was seventh
child in a family of four pairs of brothers and sisters, with huge 23 year gap between the first
and last. I was so fair and brown haired that I looked more look like a foreigner than a Dawood
Bohri. I was also considered to be the healthiest of the brood.
1 In his childhood, the narrator was

.
A.a weakling B.very healthy
C.tall and slim D.short and stout
2 In this passage, the word 'brood' refers to

.
A.polio victims B.foreign children
C.children in the family D.Indian Children
3 The narrator was the seventh child in a family of

.
A.8 children B.16 children
C.23 children D.4 children
4 In this passage, the narrator is a patient of

.
A.heart disease B.polio
C.paralysis D.nervous weakness
5. In his childhood, the narrator looked "more like a foreigner than a Dawood Bohri"
This was because he was
A.a foreign child
B.a very healthy boy
C.tell and smart
D. Fair and brown haired
EXERCISE NO 9
Piccadilly Circus was full of loneliness. It seethes and echoes with it. To live near it. Looking
down on it is a discomforting exercise. You can't feel the pulse of London here, though people
expect to. To Londoners it is a maddening obstruction between one place and another, and few
voluntarily linger there. The only locals are those who live off the lingerers; the lingerers are
primarily sightseers, with a fair sprinkling of people hoping to draw attention to themselves -
both typically from the provinces. They have come to see the heart of London and expect to see
spectacle, glamour and vice.
1. Piccadilly circus is
A.the name of a circus company
B.a lonely and resounding old building
C.a centrally located area in London
D.a huge heap of ruins
2. The passage implies that

A. some Londoners love to spend their time near the Piccadilly circus
B. no Londoner wants to be in Piccadilly circus
C.Piccadilly circus is a hazardous place
D.Piccadilly circus is place of vice
3. According to this passage, people from outside London go to Piccadilly circus because it is
A. a historical place B.full of glamour
C. full of exciting people D.the pulse of London
4. For those who live near Piccadilly circus, it is

A.a very noisy place B.crowded with people
C.an obstruction to traffic D.an awkward structure
5. The lingerers found in Piccadilly circus are mainly

A.the citizens of London
B.sightseers from provincial areas of Britain
C.people who want to show off
D.local idlers
EXERCISE NO 10
The Indian middle class consist of so many strata that it defies categorisation under a single
term class, which would imply a considerable degree of homogeneity. Yet two paradoxical
features characterise its conduct fairly uniformly; extensive practice and intensive
abhorrence of corruption.
In the several recent surveys of popular perceptions of corruptions, politicians of course

invariably and understandably top the list, closely followed by bureaucrats, policemen,
lawyers, businessmen and others. The quintessential middle class. If teachers do not figure
high on this priority list, it is not for lack of trying, but for lack of oppurtunities. Over the
years, the sense of shock over acts of corruption in the middle class has witnessed a steady
decline, as its ambitions for a better material life have soared but the resources for meeting
such ambitions have not kept pace.
What is fascinating, however, is the intense yearning of this class for a clean corruptionless
politics and society, a yearning that has again and again surfaced with any figure public or
obscure, focus on his mission of eradicating corruption. Even the repeated failure of this
promise on virtually every man's part has not subjected it to the law of diminishing returns.
1 The intense Middle Class intensely yearns for
.
A.better material resources B.extensive practice of corruption
C.clean honest society D.law of increasing returns
2 Teachers are not high on the list of corruption because they do not have
.
A.courage B.opportunities
C.support D.ambition
3 The Indian Middle class is

.
A.defiant B.mysterious
C.homogeneous D.stratified
4 Who figure on top of the list of corruption?

.
A.businessman B.lawyers
C.politicians D.policemen
5. This yearning, over the years, has

A.persisted B.soared
C.declined D.disappeared
EXERCISE NO 11
Many sociologists have argued that there is functional relationship between education and
economic system. They point to the fact that mass formal education began in industrial
society. They note that the expansion of the economies of industrial societies is
accompanied by a corresponding expansion of their educational systems. they explain this
correspondence in terms of the needs of industry for skilled and trained manpower, needs
which are met by the educational system. Thus, the provision of mass elementary education
in Britain in 1870 can be seen as a response to the needs of industry for a literate and
numerate workforce at a time when industrial processes were becoming more complex and
the demand for technical skills was steadily growing.
1. The industry needs a literate work-force because
A.its expansion needs sound learning
B. it relies heavily on expertise
C. it promotes a competitive spirit
D. its operations need intricate technical knowledge
2. The author argues that

A. formal education can be traced to industrial society
B. industrial society is responsible for expansion of education at mass level
C.industrial society gave rise to vocational education
D.industrial society changed the pattern of education
3. The observation of the Sociologists are based on a study of

A.the statistical data available in a historical context
th
B. economic system of the 19 century
C. the correlation between industry and education in a historical context
th
D. growth of industry 19 century
4. The Sociologists referred to it in the passage say that the relationship between industry and
elementary education was one
A. based on mutual need
B. based entirely on the need of the industry
C. based entirely on economic need
D. based on some inexplicable historical forces
5. By 'functional relationship' is meant

A.a short-term relationship
B.practical and utilitarian relationship
C.temporary arrangement
D.close and unbreakable relationship
EXERCISE NO 12
Modern economies does not differentiate between renewable and non-renewable materials, as its
method is to measures everything by means of a money price. Thus, taking various alternatives
fuels, like coal, oil, wood or water power: the only difference between them recognized by modern
economics is relative cost per equivalent unit. The cheapest is automatically the one to be preferred,
as to do otherwise would be irrational and 'uneconomic'. From a Buddhist point of view of course
this will not do, the essential difference between non-renewable fuels like coal and oil on the one
hand and renewable fuels like wood and water power on the other cannot be simply overlooked.
Non-renewable goods must be used only if they are indispensable, and then only with the greatest
care and the highest concern for conservation. To use them carelessly or extravagantly is an act of
violence, and while complete non-violence may not be possible on earth, it is nonetheless the duty
of man to aim at deal of non-violence in all he does.
1. Which of the following statements may be assumed to be false from the information in the
passage?
A. The writer finds the attitude of modern economists towards natural resources to be
uneconomic.
B. Buddhist economists are in different to the cost of fuels
C. To use oil on non-essentials is contrary to the Buddhist economic philosophy
D. To fell a tree is an act of violence not permitted by Buddhist economists
Of the above statements:
A. 1 and 2 are false

B.1, 2 and 4 are false
C.3 and 4 are false
D.All 1, 2, 3, and 4 are false
2. In this passage the author is trying to

A.differentiate between renewable and non-renewable materials
B.show that the modern economist is only concerned with costs
C.underline the need for conserving natural resources
D.different between two economic philosophies
3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pair of phrases:

The passage suggests that while a modern economist, considers it uneconomic to use
...... form of fuel, a Buddhist economist considers it uneconomic to use form a fuel
A.a cheap, a renewable
B.an irrational, an essential
C.an expensive, an non-renewable
D.a rational, an unessential
4. The Buddhist economist's attitude implies that fuels like coal and oil must be used only if
A. there is a plentiful supply
B. wood and water can be dispensed with
C. the relative cost of each is than of wood and water
D.there is no alternative fuel available
EXERCISE NO 13
The greatest thing this age can be proud of is the birth of man in the consciousness of men. In
his drunken orgies of power and national pride man may flout and jeer at it. when organized
national selfishness, racial antipathy and commercial self-seeking begin to display their ugly
deformities in all their nakedness, then comes the time for man to know that his salvation is not
in political organizations and extended trade relations, not in any mechanical re-arrangement of
social system but in a deeper transformation of life, in the liberation of consciousness in love,
in the realization of God in man
1. In this passage, the phrase "God in man" implies
A.God having assumed the shape of man
B. neither fully godly nor fully human
C. man being transformed into God
D. the divine qualities in man
2. The author uses the expression 'ugly deformities' to show his indignation at
A.political organisations
B.the liberation of human consciousness
C.selfishness and materialism of the people
D.the drunken orgies of power
3. According to the author, "salvation" of human beings lies in the

A.extended trade relations
B.spiritual transformation of life
C.orgy of national pride
D.wholehearted participated in political organisations
4. In the phrase "the birth of Man in the consciousness of men", AMn stands for
A.power and arrogance
B. egocentricity
C. noble human qualities
D. an idealistic notion of the human self
5. People jeer at the 'birth of Man' in the human consciousness when they
A.begin to think of themselves as God
B.become power hungry
C.restructure the social system
D.become mentally deranged
EXERCISE NO 14
Much of what goes by the name of pleasure is simply an effort to destroy consciousness. If
one started by asking, what is man? What are his needs? How can he best express himself?
One would discover that merely having the power to avoid work 5 and live one’s life from
birth to death in electric light and to the tune of tinned music is not a reason for doing so.
Man needs warmth, society, leisure, comfort and security: he also needs solitude, creative
work and the sense of wonder. If he recognized this he could use the products of science
and 10 industrialism eclectically, applying always the same test: does this make me more
human or less human? He would then learn that the highest happiness does not lie in
relaxing, resting, playing poker, drinking and making love simultaneously.
1. The author implies that the answers to the questions in sentence two would reveal that
human beings
A. are less human when they seek pleasure
B. need to evaluate their purpose in life

C. are being alienated from their true nature by technology
D. have needs beyond physical comforts
E. are always seeking the meaning of life
2. The author would apparently agree that playing poker is

A. often an effort to avoid thinking
B. something that gives true pleasure
C. an example of man’s need for society
D. something that man must learn to avoid
E. Inhuman
Examine the recently laid egg of some common animal, such as a salamander or newt. It is a
minute spheroid – an apparently structureless sac, enclosing a fluid, holding granules in
suspension. But let a moderate supply of warmth reach its
5 watery cradle, and the plastic matter undergoes changes so rapid, yet so steady and purposeful in their
succession, that one can only compare them to those operated by a skilled modeler upon a formless lump
of clay. As with an invisible trowel, the mass is divided and subdivided into smaller and
10 smaller portions. And, then, it is as if a delicate finger traced out the line to be occupied by the spinal
column, and molded the contour of the body; pinching up the head at one end, the tail at the other, and
fashioning flank and limb into due proportions, in so artistic a way, that, after
15 watching the process hour by hour, one is almost involuntarily possessed by the notion, that
some more subtle aid to vision than a microscope, would show the hidden artist, with his
plan before him, striving with skillful manipulation to perfect his work.
3. The author makes his main point with the aid of
A. logical paradox
B. complex rationalization
C. observations on the connection between art and science
D. scientific deductions
E.extended simile
4. In the context of the final sentence the word “subtle” most nearly means
A. not obvious
B. indirect
C. discriminating
D. surreptitious
E. scientific
Passage one
There are not many places that I find it more agreeable to revisit when in an idle mood, than
some places to which I have never been. For, my acquaintance with those spots is of such long
standing, and has ripened into an intimacy of
5 so affectionate a nature, that I take a particular interest in assuring myself that they are
unchanged. I never was in Robinson Crusoe’s Island, yet I frequently return there. I was never
in the robbers’ cave, where Gil Blas lived, but I often go back there and find the trap-door just
as heavy
10 to raise as it used to be. I was never in Don Quixote’s study, where he read his books of chivalry
until he rose and hacked at imaginary giants, yet you couldn’t move a book in it without my
knowledge. So with Damascus, and Lilliput, and the Nile, and Abyssinia, and the North Pole,
15 and many hundreds of places — I was never at them, yet it is an affair of my life to keep them
intact, and I am always going back to them.
Passage two
The books one reads in childhood create in one’s mind a sort of false map of the world, a
series of fabulous
20 countries into which one can retreat at odd moments throughout the rest of life, and which in
some cases can even survive a visit to the real countries which they are supposed to represent.
The pampas, the Amazon, the coral islands of the Pacific, Russia, land of birch-tree and
25 samovar, Transylvania with its boyars and vampires, the China of Guy Boothby, the Paris of
du Maurier—one could continue the list for a long time. But one other imaginary country that
I acquired early in life was called America. If I pause on the word “America”, and
30 deliberately put aside the existing reality, I can call up my childhood vision of it.
5. The first sentence of passage one contains an element of
A. paradox
B. legend
C. melancholy
D. humor
E. self-deprecation
6. By calling America an “imaginary country” the author of passage two implies that
A. America has been the subject of numerous works for children
B. he has never seen America
C. his current vision of that country is not related to reality
D. America has stimulated his imagination
E. his childhood vision of that country owed nothing to actual conditions
7. Both passages make the point that

A. imaginary travel is better than real journeys
B. children’s books are largely fiction
C. the effects of childhood impressions are inescapable
D. books read early in life can be revisited in the imagination many years later
E. the sight of imaginary places evokes memories
8. Both passages list a series of places, but differ in that the author of passage one
A. has been more influenced by his list of locations
B. never expects to visit any of them in real life, whereas the writer of passage two thinks
it at least possible that he might
C. is less specific in compiling his list
D. wishes to preserve his locations in his mind forever, whereas the author of
passage two wishes to modify all his visions in the light of reality.
E. revisits them more often
EXERCISE NO 15
Could Washington, Madison, and the other framers of the Federal Constitution revisit the
earth in this year 1922, it is likely that nothing would bewilder them more than the recent
Prohibition Amendment. Railways, steamships,
5 the telephone, automobiles, flying machines, submarines all these developments, unknown
in their day, would fill them with amazement and admiration. They would marvel at the
story of the rise and downfall of the German Empire; at the growth and present greatness of
10 the Republic they themselves had founded. None of these things, however, would seem to
them to involve any essential change in the beliefs and purposes of men as they had known
them. The Prohibition Amendment, on the contrary, would evidence to their minds the
breaking
15 down of a principle of government which they had deemed axiomatic, the abandonment of
a purpose which they had supposed immutable.
1. It can be inferred that the paragraph is intended as

A. an introduction to a discussion of a constitutional amendment
B. a summary of social and political change since the writing of the Federal Constitution
C. an introduction to a history of the Constitution
D. a clarification of the author’s view of a controversy
E. a summation of a discussion on political history
2. The author apparently believes that the “principle of government” mentioned in the last
sentence is
A. not implicit in the original Constitution
B. to be taken as true for all time

C. apparently violated by the Prohibition Amendment
D. an essential change in the beliefs of the American people
E. something that would bewilder Washington and Madison
I have previously defined a sanctuary as a place where man is passive and the rest of Nature
active. But this general definition is too absolute for any special case. The mere fact that
man has to protect a sanctuary does away with his
5 purely passive attitude. Then, he can be beneficially active by destroying pests and parasites,
like bot-flies or mosquitoes, and by finding antidotes for diseases like the epidemic which
periodically kills off the rabbits and thus starves many of the carnivora to death. But, except
in cases
10 where experiment has proved his intervention to be beneficial, the less he upsets the
balance of Nature the better, even when he tries to be an earthly Providence.
3. The author implies that his first definition of a sanctuary is
A. totally wrong
B. somewhat idealistic
C. unhelpful
D. indefensible
E. immutable
4. The author’s argument that destroying bot-flies and mosquitoes would be a beneficial action
is most weakened by all of the following except
A. parasites have an important role to play in the regulation of populations
B. the elimination of any species can have unpredictable effects on the balance of nature
C. the pests themselves are part of the food chain
D. these insects have been introduced to the area by human activities
E. elimination of these insects would require the use of insecticides that kill a
wide range of insects
Paragraph one
That Priestley's contributions to the knowledge of chemical fact were of the greatest
importance is unquestionable; but it must be admitted that he had no comprehension of the
deeper significance of his work; and, so far from
5 contributing anything to the theory of the facts which he discovered, or assisting in their
rational explanation, his influence to the end of his life was warmly exerted in favor of
error. From first to last, he was a stiff adherent of the phlogiston doctrine which was
prevalent when his
10 studies commenced; and, by a curious irony of fate, the man who by the discovery of what
he called "dephlogisticated air" furnished the essential datum for the true theory of
combustion, of respiration, and of the composition of water, to the end of his days fought
against the inevitable
15 corollaries from his own labors.
Paragraph two
It is a trying ordeal for any man to be compared with Black and Cavendish, and Priestley
cannot be said to stand on their level. Nevertheless his achievements are truly wonderful if
we consider the disadvantages under which he
20 labored. Without the careful scientific training of Black, without the leisure and appliances
secured by the wealth of Cavendish, he scaled the walls of science; and trusting to mother
wit to supply the place of training, and to ingenuity to create apparatus out of washing tubs,
he discovered more
25 new gases (including oxygen, which he termed “dephlogisticated air”) than all his
predecessors put together had done.
5. Which pairing best reflects the main emphasis of the two passages? The first focuses mainly
on Priestley’s
A. discoveries of chemical fact; the second on his ingenuity
B. discovery of “dephlogisticated air”; the second on his discoveries of gases

C. lack of theoretical understanding; the second on his lack of training
D. importance to future science; the second on his status in relation to his contemporaries
E. theoretical misconceptions; the second on his success in the face of disadvantage
6. It can be inferred that “dephlogisticated air” is

I a misnomer, but relating to something important
II a gaseous substance discovered by Priestley
II something not fully understood by Priestley
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and III
D. II and III
E. I, II and III
7. The metaphor “scaled the walls of science” conveys the idea that Priestley
A. climbed to the pinnacle of science
B. fought his way to the top
C. escaped the confines of traditional ideas
D. achieved success in a difficult endeavor
E. clawed his way up against opposition
8. The attitude of both the passages to Priestley’s scientific work could be described as
A. firm disapproval
B. wholehearted praise
C. qualified approval
D. determined neutrality
E. ambivalence
ERROR CORRECTION
Which of phrases given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold type
to make the grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is, mark 'E' as the answer.
1. The small child does whatever his father was done.
A.has done B.Did
C.does D.had done
E. No correction required
2. You need not come unless you want to.

A.You don't need to come unless you want to
B. You come only when you want to
C. You come unless you don't want to
D. You needn't come until you don't want to
3. There are not many men who are so famous that they are frequently referred to by their
short names only
A.initials B.signatures
C.pictures D.middle names
4. The man to who I sold my house was a cheat.

A.to whom I sell B.to who I sell
C.who was sold to D.to whom I sold
5. They were all shocked at his failure in the competition.

A.were shocked at all B.had all shocked at
C.had all shocked by D.had been all shocked on
6. I need not offer any explanation regarding this incident - my behaviour is

speaking itself.
A.will speak to itself B.speaks for itself
C.has been speaking D.speaks about itself
7. He is too important for tolerating any delay.

A.to tolerate B.to tolerating
C.at tolerating D.with tolerating
8. The population of Tokyo is greater than that of any other town in the world.
A.greatest among any other
B. greater than all other
C. greater than those of any other
D. greater than any other
9. The performance of our players was rather worst than I had expected.
A.bad as I had expected B.worse than I had expected
C.worse than expectation D.worst than was expected
10. Why did not you threw the bag away?

A.did you not throw B.had you not threw
C.did you not thrown D.you did not thrown
11. Shapes of gods and goddess are worshipped by people.

A.Images B.Reflections
C.Clay shapes D.Clay toys
12. In addition to enhance their reputations through strategic use of philanthropy, companies are
sponsoring social initiatives to open new markets.
A .of enhancing their reputation
B.to having enhance their reputation
C. to enhancing their reputation
D. to have their reputation enhancing
13. The intruder stood quietly for few moments

A. for few time B. for the few moments
C.for moments D.for a few moments
14. The police has so far succeeded in recovering only a part of the stolen property.
A. thus far succeeded for recovery

B. so far succeeded in recovery of
C. as for as succeeded in recovery of
D. so far succeeded to recover
15. He confidentially asked the crowd if they thought he was right and the crowd shouted that they
did.
A.that he did B.that they had
C.that he is D.that he didn't
16. Why should the candidates be afraid of English Language is not clear.
A.the candidates should be B.do the candidates be
C.should be the candidates D.are the candidates
17. He found the gold coin as he cleans the floor.

A.as he had cleaned B.while he cleans
C.which he is cleaning D.while cleaning
18. He admired the speed with which he completed the work and appreciating the method
adopted by him
A.appreciate the method being adopted

B.appreciated the method adopted
C.appreciate the method of adoption
D.appreciated the method adopting method
E.No correction required
19. Maria unnecessarily picked up a quarrel with Rani and left the party hurried.
A.has picked up B.picked on
C.picked D.picking up
20. She cooks, washes dishes, does her homework and then relaxing.
A.relaxing then B.then is relaxing
C.relaxing is then D.then relaxes
21. Acquisition of certain specific skills can be facilitated from general awareness, education to
novel situations
A.can be facilitated by B.may facilitate through
C.can be felicitated with D.may be felicitated with
22. He never has and ever will take such strong measures.
A.had taken nor will ever take B.had taken and will ever take
C.has and never will take D.had and ever will take
23. Technology must use to feed the forces of change
A.must be used to feed B.must have been using to feed
C.must use having fed D.must be using to feed
24. Anyone interested in the use of computers can learn much if you have access to a personal computer.
A.they have access B.access can be available
C.he or she has access D.one of them have access
25. They are not beware of all the facts

A.are not aware for B.are not aware of
C.are not to be aware D.must not to be aware for
26. We can not always convey ourselves in simple sentences.

A.cannot always convey B.can not always express
C.cannot always express D.can not always communicate
27. What does agonise me most is not this criticism, but the trivial reason behind it.
A.most agonising me B.agonises me most
C.agonising me most D.I most agonised
28. As there was no time, the remaining items were deferred into the next meeting.
A.are deferred till B.were deferred till
C.were deferred to D.had deferred with
29. Despite of their differences on matters of principles, they all agree on the demand of hike is salary?
A.Despite their C.Despite for their
B. Despite of the D. Despite off their
30. The man who has committed such a serious crime must get the mostly severe
punishment.
A.be getting the mostly severely
B.get the most severe
C. have got the most severely
D. have been getting the severe most
31. For many centuries in Indian History there was no city so famous like the city of Ujjain.
A.as B.such as
C.likewise D.so like
32. We don't know how did the thief made an escape.
A.how the thief did make B.how the thief does make
C.how the thief made D.how was the thief made
33. He is a singer of repute, but his yesterday's performance was quite disappointing.
A.performances of yesterday were
B.yesterday performance was
C.yesterday performance were
D.performances about yesterday were
34. Their earnings are such that they find it difficult to make both ends to meet.
A.to makings both ends meet
B. to make both ends for meeting
C. to make both ends meet
D. for making both ends to meet
35. He has received no other message than an urgent telegram asking him to rush his village
immediately.
A. asked him to rush his village
B. asking him to have rush his village
C. asking him to rush to his village
D. asking him rushing at his village
36. One of the most significant phenomenons of our time has been the development of cinema.
A.phenomenon B.phenomena
C.phenomenonna D.phenomenonns
37. Had you been told me about your problem, I would have helped you.
A.If you would have told B.Had you have told
C.had you told D.If you have told
38. It was until many years later that Gandhi became a rebel against authority.
A.It was not until many years B.It was till many years
C.It was not many years D.Until It was many years
39. Anand has the guts to rise from the occasion and come out successfully.
A. In rising from B. to raise with

C. To rise to D. to rise against
40 If you are thinking about investigation overseas, isn't it makes sense to find an experience guide ?
A.it is not making B.doesn't it make
C.does it make D.is it making
41. This is one of the most important inventions of this century.

A.invention of this century B.invention of these century
C.invention of centuries D.invention of the centuries
42. The orator had been left the auditorium before the audience stood up.
A.had been leaving B.was left
C.had left D.would leave
43. He dislikes the word dislike, isn't he

A.didn't he B.doesn't he
C.hasn't he D.does he
44. We must take it granted that Madhu will not come for today's function.
A.take it for granted B.taking it granted
C.took it as granted D.have it granted
45. The research study is an eye-opener and attempts to acquaint us with the
problems of poor nations.
A.attempted to acquaint C.attempt to B.attempts at acquainting
acquaint D.attempting to acquaint
46. It was unanimously resolved that the parties should unitedly undertook launching of
popular programmes.
A.should be united undertook C.should be B.should be unitedly undertaken
unitedly undertake D.should unitedly undertake
47. They continued to work in the field despite of the heavy rains.
A.even though there is heavy rain
B. although heavily rains
C. in spite the heavy rains
D. even though it rained heavily
48. It is always better to make people realise the importance of discipline than to impose them on it.
A.impose it with them B.impose them with it
C.imposing them on it D.impose it on them
49. My doctor knew that I would eventually recover and do kind of work I would be
doing before
A.would have been doing B.would have done
C.had been done D.had been doing
50. Later he became unpopular because he tried to lord it on his followers.

A.to lord it for B.to lord over
C.to lord it over D.to lord it over on
51. The crops are dying; it must not had rained.

A.must had not B.must not be
C.must not have D.must not have been
52. The courts are actively to safeguard the interests and the rights of the poor.
A.are actively to safeguarding
B. have been actively safeguarding
C. have to active in safeguarding
D. are actively in safeguarding
53. The drama had many scenes which were so humorous that it was hardly possible to keep a straight
face.
A. hardly possible for keeping
B. hardly impossible for keeping
C. hardly impossible for keep
D. hardly possible keeping
54. Hardly does the sun rise when the stars disappeared.
A.have the sun rose B.had the sun risen
C.did the sun rose D.the sun rose
55. You will be late if you do not leave now

A.did not leave B.left
C.will not leave D.do not happen to leave
56. The train will leave at 8.30 pm, we have been ready by 7.30pm so that, we can reach the
station in time.
A.were B.must be
C.are D.should have
57. All the allegations levelled against him were found to be baseless.
A.level against B.level with
C.levelling with D.levelled for
58. Ramesh is as tall if not, taller than Mahesh.

A.not as tall but B.not so tall but as
C.as tall as, if not D.as if not
59. He hesitated to listen to what his brother was saying.

A.listened to hesitate B.hesitated listen to
C.hesitates to listening D.is hesitated to listen to
60. The prosecution failed in establish in every case today.

A.to B.on
C.as D.upon
61. One of my drawbacks is that I do not have to tolerance of ambiguity.
A.do not have B.cannot have
C.am not D.did not have to
62. They should have calmly thought of the advantages that would accrue to them.
A.should have been calm in thinking about
B. should be calmly thought of
C. shall have to calmly thought of
D. should have calmly think of
63. The easiest of the thing todo is to ask the address to the postman.
A.of the things to do B.among the things did
C.of the thing to be done D.of all the things done
64. We demonstrated to them how we were prepared the artistic patterns.

A.are prepared B.have prepared
C.are preparing D.had prepared
65. Because of his mastery in this field, his suggestions are wide accepted.
A.are widely accepted B.widely acceptance
C.have widely accepted D.have been wide accepted
66. They felt humiliated because they realised that they had cheated.
A.have been cheated B.had been cheated
C.had been cheating D.were to be cheated
67. Tax evaders should heavily punished as they do it intentionally.

A.should be heavy fined B.should have heavily fined
C.shall have heavy fine D.should be heavily fined
68. We met him immediately after the session in which he had been given a nice speech.
A.would be giving B.has been given
C.will have given D.had given
69. For some days the new professor lectured above the heads of his pupils.
A.over the head of B.over the heads of
C.on the heads of D.through the heds of
70. The accused now flatly denies have admitted his guilt in his first statement.
A.having admitted B.had admitted
C.have been admitting D.has admitting
71. We were still standing in the queue when the film was beginning.
sA.film began
B. film had begun
C. beginning of the film was over
D. .film begins
72 If I would have realised the nature of job earlier, I would not have accepted it.
A.If I have had B.In case I would have
C.Had I been D.Had I
73. The crime has growth rapidly in Russia since the disintegration of the communist system.
A.rapid crime has grown B.crime has grown rapidly
C.crimes grow rapidly D.crimes have been rapidly grown
74. They failed in their attempt to repair the demolished portion of that building.
A.for their attempt to repair B.in their attempting to repair
C.with their attempt to repair D.in their attempt for repairs
75. I earnestly believe that you will visit our relatives during your forthcoming trip to Mumbai.
A.had hardly believe that B.sincerely would believe
C.certainly believing that D.could not believe
E.No correction required
76. By such time you finish that chapter, I will write a letter.
A.The time when B.By the time
C.By that time D.The time
77. Though we have kept in mind to try and maintain most facilities, we would like to request you to
kindly bear with us any inconvenience that may be caused.
A. must keep in mind to try and maintain
B. have kept in mind trying and maintain
C. would keep in mind to try and to maintain
D. should have kept in mind to try and to maintain
78. The tea-estate administration is in such mess there is no leader to set the things
right. A.in such a mess here
B. in a such mess that here
C. in such a mess that there
D. with such a mess that there
79. They examined both the samples very carefully but failed to detect any difference in them.
A.some difference in
B.some difference between
C.any difference between
D.any difference among
80. "Friends and comrades, the light has gone away from our lives and there is darkness everywhere"
A.off
B. out of
C. out from
D. out off
81. Because of his ill health, the doctor has advised him not to refrain from smoking.
A.to not refrain from B.to resort to
C.to refrain from D.to be refrained from
82. They have a scheme of rewarding the best of the performers every year.
A.a best performer B.the best among the performer
C.a best among performer D.the best of the performer
83. What happens to all those travellers on the ship was not known?
A.What happened of B.What happened in
C.What is that happens to D.What happened to
E.
84. Making friends is more rewarding than to make enemies.

A.to be unsociable B.to be sociable
C.being unsociable D.making enemies
85. The moment they saw me, they were delight

A.had delighted B.were delighted
C.are delighted D.have been delighted
86. He should not had done it.

A.had not B.should had not
C.should not have D.should have
87. No sooner do the bells ring than the curtain rose.

A.did the bell ring B.did the bells ring
C.had the bell rang D.had the bell rung
88. The moment the manager came to know fraudulent action of his assistant,
he order immediately dismissed him.
A.immediately ordered his dismissed
B.ordered his immediate dismissal
C.immediately order dismissal of his
D.ordered for immediately dismissal of him
89. The meeting was attended to by all invitees.

A.all attended to by
B.attended by all
C. fully attended to by
D. like attending to all
90. If he has to spend five hours in the queue, it was really a wastage.
A.is a really wastage B.is real a wastage
C.has really a wastage D.is really a wastage
91. The world has seen small real attempt at population and resource
planning.
A.few B.little
C.less D.a few
92. My hair stood off ends when I saw the horrible sight.
A.stood at ends B.stood on ends
C.stood to ends D.stands on ends
93. The long or short of it is that I do not want to deal with that new firm.
A.The long and short of it B.The long and short for it
C.The long or short for it D.The shot and long for it
94. Can you tell me why did you not speak the truth?
A. why did not you speak B. that why did you
C.why you did not speak not speak
E. No correction required D.why did you not
spoke
95. The people generally try to curry favour with the corrupt but influential person.
A.cook favour B.seek favour
C.extract favour D.display favour
IELTS Listening test -1
Questions 1-7
Complete the form below, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Travel Safe
INSURANCE PLC
Department: Motor Insurance
Client details:
Name: Elisabeth 1 ....................
Date of birth: 8.10.1975
Address: 2 .................... (street)
Callington (town)
Policy number: 3 ....................
Accident details:
Date: 4 ....................
Time: Approx. 5 ....................
Supporting evidence: 6 ....................
Medical problems (if any): 7 .................... injuries
Questions 8-10
Label the diagram/plan below. Write the correct letter, A–G, next to questions 8–10.
8. traffic lights ....................

9. petrol station ....................
10. blue van ....................
Questions 11-14
Complete the sentences below, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
11. Dormouse numbers have fallen .................... as well as in the UK.
12. Dormice are about as heavy as two .....................
13. You are most likely to have seen a dormouse in a .....................
14. In the UK, dormice probably live in hedges and woods, and next to .....................
Questions 15-17
Label the identification sheet below. Write the correct letter A–E next to questions 5–8.
15. Opened by woodmice ....................
16. Opened by voles ....................
17. Opened by dormice ............

Questions 18-20
Complete the summary below, using NO MORE THAN ONE WORD in each space.
If you find nuts opened by dormice 18 .................... where you found them. Put them into some kind of 19 ....................
and 20 .................... them (name and address). Post them to Action for Wildlife.
Questions 21-26
Which company website has the following features?
A Hills Cycles website

B Wheels Unlimited website
C both websites
Write the correct letter, A, B, or C next to questions 21–26.
21. bicycle catalogue ....................

22. price list ....................
23. bicycle accessories ....................
24. company history ....................
25. online ordering ....................
26. moving graphics ....................
Questions 27-30
Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.
27. According to the tutor, the basic criterion for evaluating the websites should relate to
A appearance.
B ease of use.
C target customers.
28. On the subject of timing, the tutor says

A the students’ plan is appropriate.
B the students’ presentation will be too long.
C the students can extend the presentation if necessary.
29. Sarah and Jack will share the work by

A speaking in short turns.
B doing half the presentation each.
C managing different aspects.
30. The tutor advises Sarah and Jack not to

A talk too much.
B show complicated lists.
C use a lot of visuals.
IELTS Listening test- 2
SECTION 1. QUESTIONS 1-10
Questions 1-5
Complete the information below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
City Library
Head Librarian Example: Mrs. Phillips
Hours
(1) to 4:30
Books
Ground floor
(2)
Second floor
Adult collection
Third floor
(3)
Book carts
Brown cart books to re-shelve
Black cart
books to (4)
White cart
books to (5)
Questions 6-10
Complete the library schedule below.
Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Activity Location Day and Time

Story Time Children's Room
(6) at 11:00
Reference Room
(7)
Saturday at (8)
Lecture Series (9) Room
Friday at (10)
SECTION 2. QUESTIONS 11-20
Questions 11-15
Choose FIVE letters, A—I. Which FIVE activities are available at Golden Lake
Resort?
A swimming
F golf
В boating
G horseback riding
С waterskiing
H hiking
D fishing
I arts and crafts
E tennis
Questions 16-20
Complete the schedule below. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each
answer.
Night Activity
Sunday
(16)
Monday Dessert night
Tuesday (17) night
Wednesday (18)
Thursday (19)
Friday Talent show
Saturday (20)
Questions 21-23
Choose THREE letters, A-F. Which THREE things are the students required to
submit to their professor?
A a written summary
В maps
С a case study
D charts and graphs
E a list of resources used
F a video
Questions 24 and 25
Answer the questions by completing the gaps below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
24. What two sources of information will the students use when preparing their presentation?
and
25. What will the students show during their presentation?
Questions 26-30
Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C to complete the speakers' advice.
26. Only rescue birds that are

A. all alone.
B. obviously hurt.
C. sitting on the ground.
27. Protect yourself by wearing

A. gloves.
B. a hat.
C. protective glasses.
28. Put the bird in a

A. cage.
B. box.
C. bag.
29. Keep the bird calm by

A. petting it.
B. talking to it.
C. leaving it alone
30. When transporting the bird,
A. speak quietly.
B. play music.
C. drive very slowly.
FIND THE WORD
1. Pictographic script –
2. A sacrifice totally concerned by fire – devastation –
3. Sudden collapse – general break up – violent rush –
4. A person who readily believes others –
5. A person who never makes mistakes –
6. That which sets on fire easily –
7. One who passes interest in religion –
8. Melodious music –
9. Harsh or discordant sound –
10. One who loves to read books –
11. A person whose outlook is scornfully negative –
12. An unrealistic or impractical visionary –
13. Original inhabitants of a country –
14. Superior mental acuteness –
15. One who works for the good of others –
16. A place where weapons are manufactured and stored –
17. One who lives at the same time as another –
18. A roundabout way of speaking –
19. Expert in art – fine arts –
20. Gradual recovery from illness –
21. One who possess the quantities of woman –
22. Food that is tasty –
23. Making of true – three dimensional photographs by using laser beams –
24. A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses-
25. That which cannot be defeated –
26. Under an assumed character or name –
27. Speech done without any preparation –
28. Robber, who goes on foot –
29. One who is easily deceived -
30. One who considers happiness and well being of others first
31. To cut off a person’s body which is infected –
32. Government by one person –
33. Government by officials –
34. Centre of attraction –
35. Words which are inscribed on the grave or the tomb in memory of the
buried –
36. One who is very selective in one’s taste –
37. An exact copy of handwriting or printing –
38. One who sneers at the aims and beliefs of his fellow men –
39. One who talks continuously –
40. One who hates mankind –
41. One who hates woman –
42. One who dies for a noble cause-
43. A remedy for all diseases –
44. A book published after the death of a writer/ child born after the death of the father
–
45. An act of separation from other person to avoid infection –
46. Murder of king –
47. Fit to drink –
48. Medicine for sleeping -
49. A place for housing aero planes –
50. All powerful -
JUMBLED SENTENCES
Arrange the following jumbled sentences in a way so as to make a

meaningful paragraph. Mention the alphabets marked against each
sentence in order as answer.
Q. No. 1
A. Such a man goes on working hard and even if he fails he is never

downcast.
B. It is therefore, the man who labours hard with a strong resolution
and an unshaken will, who achieves success and makes his fortune.
C. In turn failures make him all the more determined and resolute
and he persists in his task till he attains the desired success.
D. A man who possesses a strong will and firm determination finds
all difficulties solved.
E. To him there are a thousand ways open to steer clear of all
dangers and difficulties.
Q. No. 2
A. With the passage of time, vices become more apparent and

virtues become objects of jealousy and envy, thereby causing
contempt and hatred in the hearts of each other.
B. They become familiar with not only strengths but also
weaknesses of each other's characters.
C. Generally people think that familiarity should breed love, mutual
understanding and tolerance.
D. They expect that coming together of two persons should bring
them closer and forge the bond of kinship between them.
E. But when two persons come closer, they come to know not only
strengths but also weaknesses of each other's character.
Q. No 3.
A. He used to go to his school and enjoyed studying and mid-day

meals there.
B. Besides, they needed his help in odd jobs in the house as well as
their fields.
C. Karma lived with his parents in a thatched small house in a silent
corner of the village.
D. This all stopped as his parents could not afford to send him to
school to impart further education to him.
Q. No. 4
A. But sometimes, the persons of opposite nature also come closer

fall in each other's company by accident, chance or out of
ignorance vitiating the above statement to some extent.
B. If a man moves in the company of good, gentle and noble people,
he is usually adjudged to be a gentleman.
C. It is usual for a man to see company of those who possess tastes,
tendencies and temperaments like his own.
D. On the other side, if he keeps company with evil persons and bad
characters, he is considered to be a man of bad character.
E. Generally, the character and conduct of a person is gauged by the
kinds of people he mixes and moves with.
Q. No. 5
A. He cannot achieve wealth and fortune unless he works hard and

unless he has a powerful will.
B. It follows from it that he is the builder of his own fortune.
C. A person must be persevering and must exert himself if he wants
to shape out his destiny.
D. He can also bring misery and sufferings upon himself if he has not
the wish to labour.
E. He can make his fortune if he wishes to do so by being industrious
and persevering.
Q. No. 6
A. When finally they made their first ascent from the desert tract
beside the sea, to be borne aloft for almost a whole minute, a great
change was effected in the nation's attitude.
B. Accordingly, the brothers, each a man of mettle and each the
perfect complement to the other, set out with their ingenious
device, but with their very little capital.
C. Those who had formerly been skeptical and had prophesied that
the wright machine would remain forever stationary on the earth
were loudest in their praise of the pioneers of the air.
D. Men laughed at the Wright Brothers, mechanics from Dayton,
saying that a practicable flying machine would never be built and
counselled them to stay on the ground.
E. The wrights, however, refused to accept this advice or to alter
their plans, for they were certain that their machine embodied the
principles of aviation and they were confident of their success.
Q. No. 7
Arrange the sentences B, C, D and E to form a logical sequence

between sentences (A) & (F) to construct a coherent paragraph.
A. The belief in evil spirits, though still common, is probably less

wide spread than it was.
B. They live in terror of germs and practice elaborate antiseptic rites
in order to counteract their influence.
C. Evil spirits being out of fashion, it must therefore find expression
in other beliefs.
D. With many people especially women, bacilli have taken the place
of spirits and microbes for them are personification of evil.
E. But the human tendency to oversize its sense of value is still as
strong as ever.
F. The forms change but the substance remains.
Q. No. 8
A. Special justice has always exercised an appeal to sensitive persons.

B. We talk of things material and spiritual.
C. Every great wave of human thought which has affected millions
of human beings has something spiritual in it.
D. Even the great revolution would not have succeeded without a
spiritual element.
E. Yet it is a little difficult to draw a line between the two.
Q. No. 9
A. Then we come to classical Sanskrit which is also very good.

B. Instead of being inspired by good idea, we have even lost what we
had.
C. However it gradually deteriorates and there is no vitality left in it.
D. We start with magnificent literature.
E. The process of decay through centuries can be traced in our
literature.
Q. No. 10
A. It must be viewed, as some new epidemic would be viewed, as a

common peril to be met by concerted action.
B. If we are to think wisely about the new problems raised by
nuclear weapons, we must learn to view the whole matter in a
quite different way.
C. These conflicts are so virulent and so passionate that they produce

a wide spread inability to understand even very obvious matters.
D. It is a profound misfortune that the whole question of nuclear
warfare has become entangled in the age-old conflicts of power
politics.
Q. No. 11
A. Two of the taller kids stood on the table to accomplish the

adventurous job.
B. Then I showed them how to fasten the wire into a hook.
C. I promptly told the children to fetch a broken table and a long and
strong piece of wire.
D. The small thieves admired my ingenuity and enjoyed themselves
running around everywhere in excitement.
E. One pulling down the branches with hook and the second picking
the fruit while others passed them down.
Q. No. 12
Arrange the sentences B, C, D and E between the sentences A & F to

form a logical sequence & to construct a coherent paragraph.
A. Smoke oozed up between the planks.

B. Passengers were told to be ready to quit the ship.
C. The rising gale fanned the smoldering fire.
D. Every one now knew there was a fire on board.
E. Flames broke out here and there.
F. Most people bore the shock bravely.
Q. No. 13
Arrange the sentences B, C, D and E between the sentences A & F
to form a logical sequence & to construct a coherent paragraph.
A. Most of the perishable foods are shipped by refrigerator ships.
B. As the green bananas are loaded, a man watches closely the signs
of yellow on them.
C. The cool temperatures keep the bananas from getting ripe during
the trip.
D. They are placed in the refrigerated hold of the ship.
E. Some foods such as bananas are shipped before they get ripe.
F. Ripe bananas are poor travelers and even one ripe banana at the
start of the trip can spoil a whole shipload of fruit.
Q. No. 14

A. My grandmother always went to school with me because the

school was attached to the temple.
B. When we had both finished, we would walk back together.
C. The priest taught us the alphabet and the Morning Prayer.
D. This time the village dogs would meet us at the temple door.
E. While the children sat in rows on either side of the verandah
singing the alphabet or the prayer in a chorus, my mother sat
inside reading the scriptures.
F. and they followed us to our home growling and fighting with each
other.
Q. No. 15
A. Man cannot survive except through his mind. He comes on this

earth unarmed.
B. Man has no claws, no fangs, no horns and no great strength of
muscle.
C. Animals obtain food by force.
D. He must plant his food or hunt it.
E. His brain is his only weapon.
F. To plant he needs a process of thought; to hunt, he needs weapons
and to make weapons --the process of thought.
INTERVIEW SKILLS
JOB APPLICATION LETTER (to be attached)

RESUME (to be attached)
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS IN THE INTERVIEWS
1. Tell about yourself/ How would you describe yourself?

2. What is your greatest weakness?
3. What is your greatest strength?
4. How will your greatest strength help you perform?
5. What motivates you?
6. What do you find are the most difficult decisions to make?
7. What has been the greatest disappointment in your life?
8. What are you passionate about?
9. What do people most often criticize about you?
10. Do you prefer to work independently or on a team? /Give some examples of teamwork.
11. What type of work environment do you prefer?
12. How do you evaluate success?
13. Describe a difficult work situation / project and how you overcame it.
14. What interests you about this job?
15. What can you do for this company?
16. Why should we hire you?
17. What do you know about this company?
18. What are your goals for the next five years / ten years?
19. What are your salary expectations?
PRESENTATION SKILLS
Oral presentation is a technique which provides presenter with an opportunity to present

information through verbal means as a substitute for information traditionally provided in written form
under the cover of proposal.
The purpose of presentation is to convey the information more meaningfully and efficiently
through verbal means. From sales pitches to training lectures, good presentation is the key to many
influential roles in today‘s business world. Effective presentations are a mixture of variety of elements.
Presentation should be designed keeping the needs of the audience. Effective presentation should
have relevant subject matter. It should have relevant subject matter. It should be crisp, to the point and be
of interest. It must be organized logically and systematically. A presentation should have an introduction/
opening, body, conclusion/closing. The length of the presentation should conform to the attention span of
the audience.
Four key factors that a presenter pays attention to are:
o Personal appearance.
o Body language and facial expression.
o Voice modulation.
o Listening skills.
Personal appearance
Must aim at formal, professional look when selecting clothing and accessories, hair should be
well groomed, outfit should be comfortable and must feel confident in what you are wearing. Colours
should compliment one‘s skin tone. Shoes should be polished.
Body language and facial expression
Body is a dynamic tool which reinforces rapport with the audience. Don‘t move hand aimlessly.
Keep it still except when used in unison with speech. Maintain eye contact to establish creditability. This
will convey warmth, affection and involvement. Avoid fixing on an individual as this could be
intimidating. Never turn up back to the audience. Maintain a respectable distance. Never move without a
reason. Stepping forward implies arriving at an important point, backward to conclude an idea and
laterally for transition – taking another thought.
To make the presentation interesting, change the delivery but not very obviously.
Voice modulation
Speak in a soft, clear and audible voice. Raise voice to emphasize a point. A voice with warmth
and humour captures attention. Avoid speaking very fast as words may be lost; if slow it will be boring.
Vary the pace of your speech and pause at key points. Keep an eye on the audiences‘body language and
know when to stop. Enjoy yourself which will bring the audience to your side and they want to hear what
you have to stay.
Listening skills
Good speaker is an active listener too. He/she must be open to inputs received from the audience
and be confident while presenting. Must also know how to manage environment successfully and make
sure the message has maximum impact. Practice to build confidence. Should be familiar with the content
that helps speaking fluently. This helps in answering the queries. Always welcome statements from the
audience. This will build audiences‘confidence.
Use visual aids. Must know how much visual information should be given without distracting the
audience from what you say. Keep your visuals simple and brief. Learn to manage your stress: confidence
has a lot to do with managing stress level. Try physical relaxation technique like breathing and
visualization to calm and ease tension. At the conclusion, ask for questions. Respond to question politely,
good humouredly and briefly.
Finally, summarise and give a short concluding remark that reinforces why your information is of
value.
PRESENTATION (to be attached)
GROUP DISCUSSION
Group discussion is being extensively used along with personal interviews for the final selection
of candidates. It plays a main role in selecting the best among the best. Having scored high marks,
students who get selected for a higher/another course or employment are placed on par - on equal footing
- based on their age, qualification and experience. It becomes necessary to conduct further screening for
choosing a few among many. It is here, the group discussion plays an important part. It helps in choosing
the socially suitable candidate among the academically superior achievers. It is one of the best tools to
study the behavioural and attitudinal responses of the participants.
Features of group discussion
A group usually comprises eight to twelve participants who engage in a discussion on a

specific topic
Time - approximately 15-20 minutes
A reliable, testing tool to assess all the candidates in a group at one go -in order to select the
best in comparative perspective. It is also known as leaderless discussion that aims to find out the
natural leadership level of the candidates.
What is tested in group discussion?
The rationale of the GD technique rests on the principle that leadership qualities with knowledge
and power of expression are essential to achieve the results or objectives in all group endeavours. The
leadership quality of one can nowhere be more clearly revealed than in a group discussion.
How is the performance judged?
Selection is done based on the impact created by each candidate on the group as an individual as
well as a team player.
One who expresses his ideas well.

One who has sound arguments, and shows keenness and interest.
One who has sufficient knowledge of his subject and convinces the group by his
argumentative presentation.
One who has a logical and systematic approach.
Talking about one‘s performance as an individual, it should be remembered that what one speaks
is more important than how much it is spoken. "Quality counts, not quantity". One needs to excel in
content as well as presentation.
Moving on to performance as a team player one should exhibit leadership skills. One should
connect with and build a rapport with the other members of the group. The essential requirement for
success in a group discussion are knowledge, listening skills, presentation, calmness, composure,
assertiveness, co-operation, analytical thinking, accommodation and encouragement.
What to be avoided?
There are certain attitudes which act negatively and they spoil one‘s chances of selection.
A. Constantly objecting others and speaking pessimistically will block the smooth flow of
discussion.
B. People who are always complaining and always dissatisfied will not be found suitable.
C. Equally unsuitable are those who insult and criticize others betraying jealousy or
animosity.
D. The aggressive attitude is usually disapproved.
E. Another avoidable attitude is telling irrelevant stories and personal experiences.
F. Motivated by a need for attention, some participants interject comments that call attention to
their achievements and successes. They are boastful while trying to appear not to be so.
How to excel others in a group?

A good support always results in a good relationship with others, which eventually brings
success. One can certainly disagree giving sound and valid reasons for disagreement but one's behaviour
should not be disagreeable. One's pleasantries, attitude of cooperation and sharing experiences with
others, expressing compliments and gratitude on what others say-all create an attraction towards oneself.
Maintaining mutual respect will avoid critical judgement of others. One's efforts at preventing the
proceedings from going astray, encouraging non-participants to enter the discussion and tactful handling
of conflicting opinions with a view to bringing about consensus will win the admiration of other members
of the group. Another important reason of success is being attentive to others' point of views and
analysing them in a logical manner even for disagreeing.
What is the secret of scoring sure success in a group discussion?

The examiners usually look for a positive personality with varied potential. During the progress of
any group discussion, there will be conflicting views and as a result, heated arguments. The winner has to
reveal his positive personality traits and leadership abilities to gain approval for his ideas. Since the test is
conducted without a leader, there are opportunities for the individuals who reveal leadership qualities to
become group leaders. Seizing the opportunity, the aspirant should impress and influence the group.
The ability to speak is the foremost of all. If one does not speak eloquently and fluently, one
cannot create any impact and make his presence strongly felt. One must arouse other's interest by the
power of expression. While talking there must be sense. Conveying all information in well- balanced
sentences in a manner that reflects a good grasp of the subject will indicate sharp and analytical mind. The
delivery should be smooth and catchy. Important of all is the tone. It should reflect the humility of a very
knowledgeable person. There will be interruptions and they should be borne with patience and a winning
smile. It is the ability to hold the attention of group members which matters.
USEFUL PHRASES FOR GROUP DISCUSSION
HOW TO INITIATE
The purpose of today’s GD is to discuss

how … that…So what I’m saying
is....To put it more simply....
Now let me begin by… Secondly
To put it another way...
…finally
But bearing in mind
I'd like to begin/Let's begin/start by
HOW TO AGREE
Actually, I think … is right I agree
that… That's true. Absolutely…
Definitely
HOW TO DISAGREE
Well… actually… I don’t think… I

don’t agree that… I'm afraid I have
to disagree with you.
Don't get me wrong, ...
Don't forget that...
Very true, but...
Although it is true to say
that… While it is fair to say
that…
I am sorry but I can’t accept … I
really take exception to that!
MAKING A POINT
My view is (that) In my
opinion…
The fact is that…
The point is that…
It’s important that
ANALYSING A POINT
Where does that lead us? …

What does this mean?
Translated into real terms...
Why is this important?
The significance of this is...
HOW TO GET BACK TO THE TOPIC
● So ....
● Anyway...
● Getting back to what I
was saying…
● Moving on …
● Let’s now turn to …
● I’d like to expand/elaborate
onLet's now
● look at...
HOW TO SUMMARISE
Let us summarize briefly what we've

looked at …
If I can just sum up the main points...
Finally, let me remind you of some
of the issues we've … To summarize
To conclude.
GROUP DISCUSSION QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Is it necessary to initiate a GD?

2. Should you put forth your points firmly?
3. Can you be aggressive/loud?
4. Is it necessary to listen to others?
5. Can you initiate the topic only if you are familiar with?
6. Are you allowed to interrupt other speakers while they are talking?
7. Are you permitted to intervene if the discussion turns out to be hostile?
8. Should you be a passive learner?
9. Can you ask irrelevant questions?
10. Can you change your opinions in the middle of the discussion?
11. Can you speak against the topic?
12. Are you allowed to exhibit your emotions?
13. Is it necessary to be natural, calm and gentle with your presentation?
14. Can you stop abruptly?
15. Can you motivate anyone in the group to speak out their ideas?
16. Should you shout at people if someone tries to provoke you?
17. Is it necessary to be one of the key participants?
18. Can you say what you feel?
19. Is it necessary that you should speak only for or against?
20. Should you thank everyone before ending your presentation?
21. Can anyone go away from the topic?
22. If so, should you bring it back to the mainstream?
23. Is it good to organize your thoughts before speaking?
24. Are you allowed to dominate others?
25. Can you be assertive?
26. Are gestures and mannerisms part of a GD?
27. Is opening the GD only way to gain attention and recognition?
28. Can you use phrases like ‗I strongly object‘, or ‗I disagree‘?
29. Is the ability to work as a team judged in a GD?
30. Is it bad to be receptive to others‘ opinion?
SAMPLE GROUP DISCUSSION- ON UPCOMING PARLIMENTARY ELECTION
Devesh : Good morning friends. Today we are going to discuss the GD topic about the 2019 Elections in
India, and what policies and critical issues need to be addressed to win the general elections 2019.
According to me, firstly we should lay out the important agenda which has been creating an issue over the
past few years.
Aarti: Hi. The Lok Sabha Elections 2019 are going to be the 17th elections. In the 2014 elections,
Narendra Modi led BJP had come out triumphant comfortably. However, this time there seems to be
tough fight between Congress and BJP as there have been certain unfulfilled promises by the current
government.
Charu: I beg to differ on your point. There have been certain very good initiative taken by the Modi
government since 2014, which would give them a strong chance to get re-elected. Some promising
initiatives have been the Swacch Bharat Abhiyaan, Make in India, Skill India etc. Over and above this,
initiatives like Mann ki Baat have also added weight age to this government’s contribution.
Firoz: But what about critical things like Demonetization and GST? Both of these have caused severe
distress to the common people and has hurt the economy.
Esha: I agree. There has been a slowdown in business and economy. Some critical issue which needed to
be addressed are unemployment, which has grown rapidly as per reports. It is estimated that 1.5 million
jobs were lost due to demonetization.
Devesh: That is fine. But there cannot be any government which delivers on every single agenda.
Developing a nation is a constant process. FDI inflow in India has increased from $45 billion to $60
billion in India. This has not only helped in expanding businesses but has also enabled new startups to
come up.
Bhavin: Yes. All these things coupled with initiatives like Startup India have reduced the ease of doing
business. Also, as per government reports, the BJP takes credit for electrification of every village in India.
Aarti: But what about other critical issues like farmer suicides, Ram temple etc. Congress party has been
constantly criticizing the government for not taking proactive actions in ensuring the safety of farmers.
They claim to waive off farmer loans, thereby reducing burden on them.
Charu: But that is not a permanent solution. Yes these are critical agendas but they cannot be simply
resolved overnight. Apart from the business initiatives, the BJP government has also contributed in
strengthening the defence forces through surgical strikes, increased budget allocations etc.
Esha: But deals like Rafale aircraft deal are still under scrutiny. Congress has criticized the BJP
government on this that is wasn’t a transparent deal which hurt India. Also, another critical issue which
will determine the elections 2019 is the Citizenship bill.
Devesh: Despite all the work already done, there is still which the new government can do. Which ever
party out of BJP and Congress have a clear strategy and plan to execute the critical issues would be able
to win the elections 2019. As of now, both the parties and their alliances have an equal chance.
Conclusion: BJP and Congress have a similar chance to win the general elections 2019. BJP has done
some good work but Congress feels a lot more could have been done had they been in power. Even the
opinion polls since 2014 have shown that the fight is now of equals.
KNOW YOURSELF
I am not who you think I am; I am

not who I think I am; I am who I
think you think I am ‖
― Thomas Cooley ,Inscriptions
1. How would you describe yourself?
2. Do you consider yourself successful? How?
3. What do your friends and classmates say about you?
4. What have you done to improve your knowledge in the last year?
5. How would you be an asset to any organization?
6. What is your greatest strength?
7. What motivates you to do your best in the job?
8. What have you learnt from your mistakes?
9. Who is your role model? Why?
10. What do you want to achieve in your life?

April 2019 Communication Lab

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INDEX

S.No. CONTENTS Page.No.

1. A politician must be able to withstand public criticism.

2. What you regard as witticisms may be offensive to sensitive people.

(A) trite remarks

3. Some economics wizards are striving to develop a coherent economic policy

4. Let the baby wobble along.

5. He stayed up late, as was his wont.

6. It must be a horrible experience to see a ghost; it is even more horrible to see

9. Do not wreak your wrath on the innocent.

10. His ankle being wrenched, the player was sidelined.

2. A capable leader knows how to wield his power properly.

4. A man of rectitude seldom winces at an insult.

5. The government will not wink at corruption.

6. The farmer still used the old way to winnow wheat.

(A) blow off the chaff from

7. By her winsome manner, she has won many friends.

8. The comedian's wisecracks were irresistible.

(A) smart talks

10. Nothing could withhold him once he made up his mind.

1. The socially mature person is psychologically weaned from his

2. Here's a wedge you can use as a doorstop.

(A) V-shaped block

4. Iron and copper weld easily.

6. The odor from the kitchen whetted the guests’ appetite.

(A) sudden fancy

8. The mother smiled over her baby's whimpering in sleep.

9. The little boy whined after he was spanked.

1. Birds warble hilariously in the springtime.

2. The mayor knew how to ward off attacks from councilmen.

3. The warden has all the keys to the rooms.

4. The manufacturer warranted the merchandise to be exactly as described in the catalog.

5. The crow is said to be a very wary bird.

6. The waspish woman is to be shunned.

7. The young man never wavered in his determination to become a businessman.

1. The underlying principle of our economic planning is to assure an equitable share of

2. Constant gambling undermined his financial status.

3. The wheat undulated in the breeze.

(A) moved in a wavelike motion

4. I like his unembellished style.

7. The murder case remains an unfathomable mystery.

8. The freshman is as ungainly as a newborn calf.

9. One failure after another has unhinged his mind.

1. The soldier was decorated for his valor under fire.

3. Those young women are the vanguard of fashion and fad.

4. We shall never be vanquished.

(A) a better position

6. He delivered an uninspired and vapid address.

7. A thin coat of vapor began to collect on the windshield.

8. They have been at variance for years.

(A) difference of opinion

1. On a fine day, they boys sallied out into the country.

(A) set out briskly

3. A light punishment will have a salutary effect on the boy.

4. All attempts to salvage the wrecked ship failed.

5. A life of sacrifice and selflessness will sanctify her.

8. The study became his best sanctuary.

10. That border war was unexpectedly sanguinary.

2. The police scoured the neighborhood for the lost child.

4. He didn't say anything; he just scowled his disapproval.

6. The student barely scraped through the exam.

7. He scrawled a quick note to her on his way out.

8. She scrimped all year to buy that fur coat.