FORMATE MAN A2 Brine Density and PVT

C ABOT SP E C I A LT Y F L U I D S F O RM ATE TECH N ICAL M AN UAL
CH EMIC AL AND PH Y S ICAL PR OPE R T IE S
Section A2
Brine Density and PVT Data
A2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................2
A2.2 Density of single salt brines ...................................................................2

A2.2.2 Mixing tables for sodium formate .....................................................3
A2.2.3 Mixing tables for potassium formate ................................................3
A2.2.4 Mixing tables for cesium formate .....................................................3
A2.3 Density of potassium / cesium formate blends . ...................................3
A2.4 Density of sodium / potassium formate blends ....................................3
A2.5 Density, compressibility, and thermal expansion coefficients for

potassium and cesium formate brines and blends ...............................4
A2.5.1 Software package Densicalc ............................................................4
A2.5.2 Presmod calculations .......................................................................4
References .......................................................................................................4
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V ER S IO N 3 – 1 1 / 07 S
SEEC
CTT II O
ONN A2 PAGE 1
C ABO T S PE C I A LT Y F L U I D S FORMAT E T EC HNI C AL MANUA L
1 % wt = A × s.g.3 + B × s.g.2 + C × s.g. + D
A2.1 Introduction 2 % wt = A × ρ 3 + B × ρ 2These

+ C × ρmodels
+D can be used to prepare mixing
tables for concentrated stock brines or powders.
Formate salts are extremely soluble3 in water, and % wtreq ×The ρ req ×following 1000 equations can be used:
Vstock( liter ) =
can yield brines of very high density. Cesium 1% wtstock %×wt ρ stock = A × s.g.3 + B × s.g.2 + C × s.g. + D
formate is the most 1 soluble % wt = ofAthe × s.g. three
3
+ Bsalts × s.g.on 2
+aC × 1s.g. + D % wt = A × s.g.3 + B × s.g.2 + C × s.g. + D
Metric:
weight basis (83%), whilst potassium 4 formate V (
water is the liter ) =1000 2 − V % wt = A ×1 ρm3 3+from
Making
stock B3 × ρ 2liquid + C × stock: ρ +D
2
2 % wt = A × ρ 3
+ B × ρ 2
+ C × ρ + D 1
2
1 %
% wt
wt
wt == = AA A ×× × ρ s.g.3
s.g.+ B3 ×+ + ρB B×
2
×+ s.g.C × ρ2 +
s.g. ++ CCD× × s.g.
s.g. + +DD
most soluble on a molar basis (14 mol/L). Potassium
5 % wt
13 req % wt × ρ req = A × s.g. × 1000 % wt+ 3
reqB ×2×ρ req s.g. ×1000 2
+ C × s.g. + D
and cesium formate yield favorable blends, Wpowder with( kg) = 2 V (3)
wt(= =liter ×) ρρ=3%
3
3 % wtreq × ρ req ×1000 23 % wt %
%stock wt A
A× +
+% B
B×
wt ρ2 +
reqρ× ρ
×wt + C
Cρ×× ×1000ρρ + +D D
high formate molar concentrations Vstock( liter ) = covering the 1 % wtV=stock A×
powder ( liter s.g.) 3=+ 3 B × s.g. stock
2
×+
2 req
Cstock × s.g. + D
% wtstock × ρ stock 2 % wt = A × ρ + B × ρ
% wtstock × ρ stock + C × ρ + D
whole density range. ρ3 × 1000 −3W %
% 2wt 2
wt V× ××ρ ×
×1000
1000
2% wt =A × s.g. ((ρ+ 3B × s.g. +req
−C s.g. +D
6 1 34req V V water liter
liter ))B===1000 ρ req
req
) = 4 % wt =V A × + × +req CV×stock ρ +D
powder
Vwater ( liter ( liter ) ρ
1000 (4)
stock
4 V water ( liter ) =1000− Vstock 3 3 ρ water Vstock water ( liter 2
) =1000% %
%wt wt
wt−
req stock × ρ
stockreq ×
× ρ
ρ ×stock
%2 wt = A × s.g. + BV
A2.2 Density of single salt 1 brines % wt 5= A × ρ 3×stock + s.g. B(×liter ρ 2+) +C =C××s.g. + D stock
stock
%% ρwt +reqD
wt × ρ×reqρ × 1000
% wtreq ×Vρstock ×V1000%3 4
3 4
5wtVstock% V
VWwt ((=liter
liter (% kg wt
1ρ)))m =req3%
=1000
=1000
× ρ−
ρwt −reqV ×1000stock
stock
Vstock× W
ρ req × 1000
5 (Making
liter
2 water
powder )stock from % powder
wt stock:
Wpowder ( kg) = 2 %3req wt =water A × ρ + Breq ×ρV W %
+
water
C
wt (
× liter
(
ρ kg
×
+ % )
ρ
) req
D =wt
=1000 × 1000
stock
−×
req
Vρ
stock stock
powder
The densities of solutions of1 sodium, potassium, 4 powder stock
% wt
stock
% wt =%Awt ×
Vstock s.g.
powder
3
+
( bbl) =stock 5 V B × % ( s.g.
56 wtreq
liter
2
) =+×C ρ req
water
× req
s.g. + req
D % wt wtreq
stock
×ρ ρ− powder
× 10001000
7 / 60°F %) wt %
ρ req ×req 1000 × req ×powder
reqW
and cesium formate brines at 15.6°C 3 are 4 % 2%
6wt
Vwt req ×
(W
× liter
W
V ρρwater req ×
powder (=1000 1000
liter kg))) ×
(( stock
kg ===−ρρ% Vstock
wt ×req 1000
% ×wt − W
(5)
wtpowder 1000 ×
3 water stock
shown in Figure 2 and Figure 6 1 % wt
3 )as = ρ A × × 1000
s.g. V + − W
B ( ×liter s.g. ) = + 5 C ×
stock
s.g. powder+
stock
D % water ρ
=%awt function
= A × ρstock+ofB ×Vρ +(C ρ
3 2
Vwater 2 ( liter
req powder
× ρ
% wtstockwater + V
W D × ρ− ( liter ( kg )) = =
req powder
req powder
4 2 water liter ) =1000 Vstock
powder
weight % and molar 1 concentration.
% wt = A × s.g.83These + Bρ×water measure
s.g. +C 5× s.g. +D
stock
% wtreq × ρ req % wt1000
ρ water
×
6 req × × 1000 − W
powder
2 % wt = A × ρ 3 + BVwater × ρ 2( bbl + C) ×=ρ1 + −
6V WDstock VV ( kg ) ( V =
liter water) = %ρ ρwt 1000 % wt −stock
Wpowder
powder ρ req ρ stock Wstock
ments were made by Westport 3 International, 4 V water %(wt liter )× =1000
ρ × 1000
−
powder V V stock
( liter ) = %
reqreq
wt % wt (6)
Vstock Vwater 3% V wt ( liter %
2 ) = stock wt 5 req
ρ req % stock
req
6 ρ wt V W
stock
× %
water
water
ρ wt
stock×
V 42 × ρ % ρ wt
× 1000 × 1000
ρ
powder
req ρ water stock − Wpowder ρ req ρ stock Wstock
Houston. As can be seen, 2 % wt =although A× ρ + B stock × req
cesium ρ + C × ρ
formate % + wt D W × ρ( kg )
req = V
stock
req (
req
liter
water
) =
req% wt
req ×waterρ
3 9 % wt Wreq × ρ(req lbs )1000
×stock = 7 stock Vstock( bbl
powder water ) = % wt ρ× ρ
req req
%5wt × ρ req ×% ρwt
powder
Vstock 6 % wt% ×
wt 1000 ×
%1000 −W
) =( liter )the =req potassium
yields the highest7 density solutions, req WhereV V ρpowder
req V )req=%
powder wtreq
wt stock %
req ×waterρwt req
stock ρ req ρ stock W Wstock
Vstock ( bbl (V stock)(V bbl water % wtreq % wtstock ρ req
powder
% W wt (× kg ρ ) = 7 Vwater liter
stock = water stock ρ
3 4 %%V wt
wt ( ×
liter ρ
× )
ρ ×
=1000 1000
powder
stock − V stock
% wt
stock
% ρ wt 3 stock × ρ stock 2
stock stock
formate brine attains the Vstockhighest
( liter ) = concentration
water req
stock req
6
stock of ρ1 × 42% stock
V−ρstock Wwt
powder ×V=1000 A(×= lbs %−volume
s.g.%
) W wt wt
water + B %
× × needed
ρwt s.g. + ρof
C × stock
s.g.
ρ + brine
D Wstock(liter)
V ( liter ) = Vstock
req water % wt
3 req × ρ req
req
powder req req stock req stock
%)wt
10 stockV ×water ρV ( bbl) = water1 78req
% V wt(( = powder bbl
bbl A)))×= =s.g. V+ B × s.g. + C × s.g. + D 2
formate ions on a molar 4 basis. V ( liter =1000 − 7 water ( bbl == 1%−wt
stock
5 water 6 % stock
wtreq × ρ2ρ8req V××ρ1000 1000 Vwater stock
×−42 W % ρ wt %
3volume % wt wt
stock ×2 needed
ρ stock ρ of
ρ stock waterWstock (liter)
% wt = ( bbl A ×
water
) = % 1 + −wt BV stock
× × +ρ ρreq
C ×reqρ× 2 +D
reqstock
8 Vwater ( bbl) = W 1 −powder Vstock( kgV ) = ( liter ) = 7 reqstock water V ( bbl powder
) =
ρ req
3 % 3 wt
3
stock ρ ×
stock
2 42
4 V water ( liter ) =1000− Vstock water 1 %% wt
water
stock
wt
wt==A (% = A ××wt × s.g.
% wt
+ ×B3 ρstock +
stock
B
×+formate ×2× s.g. + C × s.g. +
+D
V%stock ×wt 2
19 % A =ρwt)s.g. ρρBreq××+ ρ ρ Cρ×stock
s.g. ρ2in++newDW× s.g.
C D(Eq. 1)
req req
Brine tables for single 5salt solutions%ofwtsodium, % wtreq × ρ req 1000 Vwater ρ% Wwt %
lbs %wt
=stock
% wt stock brine
req × ρ req × 42 req × 42
powder water req
W ( kg ) = 7 18 Vstock(% bbl
V wt ) req
powder
=(=bbl A)×=s.g. 1 − V +req %B×
req wt s.g. + C ×stock s.g. + D
9 W ( lbs
powder ) = V % wt V % 3 9
8 wt % W
V wt
water ( bbl
% ( lbs wtρ) =) 3%=
1 − ×wt
ρV ρ stock × W
2 ρ req ×
powder 1000
potassium, and 5cesium formate powder are% wt listed × wt ρVreq instock Table
×ρ 1000 Vwaterwater
× 1000 %2− wt req
Wreqpowder %%% wt
water wt
powder
=liter
stock
A ×× ×)3ρρ=ρρ=reqreq
%wt + wt B× ×stock
stock
req
formate
stock
%
ρ 2wt +W Cstock
stock
×1000 +stock
ρρin42 D brine (Eq. 1)
wt =V (stock
6 req% ×BVρwt
3
stock stock 2
1 Vstock23(8%
powder % A wt× = req
(s.g. A +req %B+− reqρ×
s.g. 2 ×+
ρ+ C C ×× ×× +
s.g.D
29bbl) =V Vstock bbl )= 31
ρ+% lbs+) D
stock req powder
1 to Table 6. Cubic regression Wpowder ( kgmodels ) = Vwater ( have liter ) = 7been
powder
% wt
water (=liter A( × ×) ρρ=)stock % % Bwt wt
××
stock ρ42
req ×ρ
−req
×+ Cρreq
ρW ×
×stock
req ρ 42+(D
% wt s.g. ρ % wt ×
%% W stock
Wwater wt
wt lbs
( lbs ) ==) %wt =
=ρ% req stock
req
formate W powder
in42
6 ρ req−powder × 1000 −( lbs Wwater )10 9 req V ρ ( bbl %wt wt ×powder
ρ stock (powder
powder stock
found to best describe the relationship ρ req 7) × = 42 between VW
1 req
( bbl 2% 8) wt =powder =V
3 Awater × s.g. ( bbl 3reqpowder
powder
)+= 3B 1×− Vs.g. %2req wt +× C% 42 ××wt
stock ρ ρW
×−s.g. × +×D
1000 lbs)
Vwater ) =( liter 3 ρ%2 wt −ρ% V××waterρwt
ρ ×req
D×42 1000
req powder
10 Vwater ( bbl %
stock
wt
powder
ρ = A × %
s.g.
10 49% wt 3 wt =×
+ B V
V
V
W
×
Astock × ρ((((liter
ρwater
s.g. liter
bbl
liter 2+ ( lbs
+
B))) =
C
×
=)stock
=1000
= =
× s.g.
+C req
req
+ D
+powder
req
powder
req
6 V 1 × V
1000 − %W wt % wt 3 ρ waterpowder
ρ = %
density
W wt −ρρ% × required
stock
ρ
wt ×ρ ×42 1000 in new brine (kg/L)
8×wt 42
weight % formate concentration and ρ 1 brine ρwater %density.
stock
V stock
% ×wt ×
V((stock liter +% )C=1000wt V ×req 42
water
Vwater ( liter ) = 11
stock =req AV×water s.g.s.g. 4( bbl 3stock+) B= −× stock
1water−s.g.
s.g. 2
×ρreqs.g.
% wt
req
× +42 D − ×WW stock ( lbs)
ρ 3VV+stock ×(liter =2 ×+)) =
req powder req stock stock
water
×
water
stock
stock ρpowder
powder
ρ V2KFo% ( liter % 9) wt 10 = AW ×CsFo (Blbs )req
ρbbl C
1000
= ×ρ ρreq%
req +wt D42 req
stock − × ρ powder ( lbs)
stock
wt%reqwt% wt wt × ρ10 powder
ρV+stockwater ( bbl % wt )×=D=req × ρ× ×stock
1000
×% × 1000
Vstock Vwater %water 3reqstock
×)ρ=33 s.g. +5445req ρBreq ρ 22−V s.g. ρVWwater ρdensity
%
ρ%req wt
wt stock
−ρwt brine
stock (ρlbs
(kg/L)
req ) ρ stock Wstock
stock
V 228 ( bbl)% V=water =A ×stock % C) =wt ((×liter +stock ) =1000 42
req×
− ρ
ρV
req42 W×
req 42
=( bbl 1+ −B V water
V ρ( literW stock
(req kg +)))D=1000 = req
powder
× powder
42
Vstock 7Vwater %stock V ×(liter −req V
CsFo KFo
Metric: wtreq % 9wt
wt % wt A× ρ W ρ×powder 10 ρ ×lbs
(stock
stock )W V=+water
water
C
powder ρV
bbl % =
wt
req
% %wt wt × ×%ρwt
water
stock
water × 1000 ρ req ρ stock Wstock
wt 3 stock× ρ3 ρreqreq 4ρ stock2 % ρ wtreq (×kg ))req =weight %
ρ wt
stock req stock
req % Wreq
V water ( liter ==1000××42 1000 −−W ρVwater
water req
Vstock Vwater % wt stock
( kgV
stock req stock
%×wt W water
stock
×stock %×ρ42
ρwt stock stock
stock
×(42
powder
lbs brine
) (kg)
7 1Vstock( bbl % 12 wt
3)9 = = A × KFo s.g. +) stock =BV×(% liter s.g.
wt )ρ=req +s.g. C powder
ρ×req
×s.g. + powderD %
stock
%powder
wt wt Wpowder
req ×(V 1000 req powder
%×wt W × ρ ( lbs
10 )% KFo
= 5
5 wtVwater KFo
× bbl
ρ %req)wt
req
× =1000 V × ρ % %
% wtwt
wt req × ×% ρ
ρ req ×
wt
powder
× 1000
1000 ρ ρ stock W Wstock
1 % wt = A × s.g. +7B × s.g. 3 s.g.
2
+ C × s.g. % + wt
3 D ρ V
%3req wt(1)
stock (
powder
liter 4stock ) = 6 V req% wt ( liter
W s.g.
Vρ stock )
req req V =1000 (
stock kg −
water ==
) −
= V
%
weight
ρ
ρstock wtreq × req×1000
req 42%
powder wt
−req Wstock (kg)
ρ req ρ
req 2 water
W ρ × (42 kg
liter ) = ρ% ) W stock
wtreq ( lbs ×wtρ− ) × 1000 powder
28%) wt = =Vwater A ×( s.g. =+31B ×V s.g. +%Cwt × stock s.g. ×req+ D powder
V
1 stock( bbl
req
bblV) 10 stock
(−liter
powder
) =2 5 VD stock
powder
powder
ρ(stock
powder water req
water
%
powder
stock req stock stock
6s.g. wt×CsFo 1000 reqW
powder powder
%s.g.% 13wt
wt 3 =× Aρ×stock ρstock + 2B stock ×Vρwater +11 (C%bbl ×wt =+−W
)ρstock V
Vs.g. × ρ−(stock
water
literV( kg )) == % s.g. req % %
ρ water− s.g.
wt wt
powder powder ρ req ρ stock Wstock
1 % wt = A × stock + B × V 4 s.g.
CsFo % ( liter +V C) = × ( liter s.g. ) +
req
=1000D V−KFo
s.g.
stock
powder
( literV
KFo
ρ% water
×
)wt 1000
×s.g.42 req
%% %wts.g.
powder stock
wtpowder
req
× 1000 Wpowder
2 wt ρρs.g. req × ×42 Wreq ( lbs )× ρCsFo reqρ× −−1000
water
% wt = A × ρ 3 + B ×11 ρ12 + C 82×% ρ +wtD= VwaterA ×( bbl s.g.
s.g. 4×) =
3
+31B −−V ×s.g.
V s.g. 2
5+water C=1000 ×11 −+Vstock D s.g. stock
wt W
=ρρs.g. s.g.
2 Where =ρ((req −
Field:
water
s.g. powder
s.g.
(liter
+ ×C))req req
V KFo ( 9 % wt =W A10 ρCsFo (+lbs BVwater)×water
stock
bbl ×=1000
)1000 6+W Dpowder
V (VVkg )req
powder
(=liter %)wtreq ρ req%× × wt 1000 water
−ρW W req
powder
×ρ1000 stock Wstock
powder
3liter ) 3 s.g. reqreq 1000
stock−
CsFo KFo
4powder 2−Vs.g. %liter wtreq ×wt 6 −
×stock1000Vstock V s.g. KFowater
( V liter ) = % ρ
req
wt
CsFo
% % wt wt
KFo
req
powder
ρ ρ W W
s.g. = specific gravity 822 V% wt ( =
bbl A ) × = ρ 1 − + V B × ρ % + wt
5 C
water
× ×ρ ρ+ % D × 42 6req ρ V
Making
% stock
wt× req (42 liter ×
water
1 ρ ) =
bbl % s.g.
ρ × wtfrom
1000 × 1000 − s.g.
liquid − W
stock powder
powder stock: req stock stock
powder
V ( liter ) = powder water
V
water
% s.g.
wt CsFo
ρ% − wt s.g. KFo
(V
powder
% wt × × %
water
9 1000 wt =WApowder × ρ (14 3
+lbs
stock B
CsFo
)×=ρ W
stock 2
+CsFo C ×(%
req KFo
kg
ρW +) V=req
Dstock 11
VCsFo
11
12 ( V
kg ×water)ρ=CsFo V W %
water
wt (
req
kg
liter )% )=req
= wt
V% s.g. req
×CsFo ρρ − s.g.ρstock req ρ
powder
Wreq ρ stock Wstock
3 ρ 5 %×wt wt
ρ req ×1000s.g. % × ρwt × V stock
( ×liter water
1000 ) wt req
×
water
ρ req × 1000
× 1000Wpowder
%×wt ρ %req wt
stock req stock CsFo reqwater stock stock
and ( liter ) =
V
req req 3 % 5wt
powder stockreqreqV KFo
KFo
water
KFo) (((×
req liter % wt ) )=powder
KFo KFo
ρpowder
reqρ× 42 × 42 ) =−11 % 7Wwt req × (W lbs ρ1000 req
12 WKFo ( kg ) =(V )×=req ρ KFo Wρ powderreq
(6kg 12 V ρstockreq bbl kg ×V1000 s.g. ×CsFo
−ρW −−ρs.g. s.g.
10(Vlbs ) =liter % KFowt ×water
powder
%s.g. ×−ρ s.g.
stock
% wt 3 × ρW
9stock stock V%KFowt
water((req bbl ×% )W
WρV= wt ×req 1000 (V kg
×− ρV) stock
=% Vwt
powder
% V
( liter
V wt%Vstock
KFo
wt) (= ( V
Vliter
bbl
req
) )ρ=req %
% wt
wtρreq req KFo
CsFo
CsFo %
%
powder
W wt
wtreq KFo req
KFo × ρ 1000
ρWreq ρ ρ stock W
Wstock (7)
3NaFo stock Vpowder ( 4liter KFo
) = V % water % wt liter × )
ρ req
=1000
CsFo
powder
stock × 1000 s.g. s.g.
water
13 7 ρ water req V stock stock water
% wt req stock
− stock
stock req stock stock
ρwt req× 42% stock stock
stock req
6×
stock
req42 − W
11 ρpowder stock ( lbs ) V wtρ
KFo
powder
stock
×(V1000
water
s.g. −= %% Wρs.g.s.g.
wt
powder
− req%
s.g. ×−req s.g.
ρwt
stock
KFo ρ powderρ Wstock
V ( liter ) = % wt reqpowder × ρ water
12 V
W
W
powder
stock
( liter
kg
kg water )
) )=
= V
V %
water
wt × CsFo
stock
×
req ρ × − ρ stockstockKFo × 1000 stock
4 V water ( liter ) =1000 − 13
V 10 stock V ( bbl s.g. %) = wt −
stock
s.g.
× stock V 13
12
( liter V ) = ( liter
req
CsFo
KFo )
CsFo
%
powder
s.g.wt
s.g.CsFo
KFo ρ ×
KFo ρ s.g. × 1000
req
ρ req × 1000 − W req − Ws.g.
req req
V 30.222916 ( liter 6 V (((powder
bbl ) )=
6 )×=1000 −ρVreq ρ7 req KFo
A 38.28443228 42 −23.66927217 s.g. ×−1000 V%
KFo
4VCsFo ( liter water req KFo
(× ×water ρρ KFo ρ req Vs.g. wt liter =CsFo KFo KFo
ρ req ρ×stock
req
1000W
)= )42 1000
stock stock
VW
stock
lbs =)× 12 7 V VV − W % bblρs.g.
powder
wt ))− ==s.g. 1% % −
wt
Vwt s.g. × KFo
(8)
ρ req15 %(((bbl wt
liter 1000 Wstock KFo (CsFo bbl
kg )= V −wt × −ρ
stock
5 water 11 stock CsFo
8 CsFo
% wt ρstock ×KFo powder
wt)req )=KFo s.g. ρs.g.
water
Vs.g. s.g. water
104 VVwater ( liter
( bbl )= ) =1000 W −V V( kg −V ) KFo%
water
=
powder
liter req
V =% ( 7 wt reqstock
liter ) V
ρwater water
( bbl powder
ρ stock )) req ==% W KFo req req
stock
stock
× ×
KFo
1000 ρ req
stock stock
B -195.5124074
4 V water
( liter ) =1000
-183.0869 stock
powder
CsFo
− V stock
-153.9715671
water water KFo
ρ 13
13
14 8 −
stock ρ V W req ( bbl
stock
( kg ) = V
% 1 −s.g.
stock
wt V stock
×
CsFo
ρ × −
−
stock KFo
s.g.
5 % wt × ρ × 1000 ρ × 42 %
Vreqstock wt CsFo
V WCsFo ρ water
KFo
%water V s.g.
wt
water
( liter %
liter % −wt ) s.g.
wt = ρ× %s.g. ρwt stock req ρ s.g.
× ρstock × 42W
KFo
× stock
1000
% wtreq × ρ12 × 1000 s.g. KFo (V kg )req=CsFo V ×=
)s.g.
req 5 water
11 water stock
− CsFo CsFo ρ req
stock req CsFo ρreq KFo
=((W )1×)=bbl × 1000
req
Wpowder ( kg) = W ( kg ) = VVCsFo )×=ρ%
powder
V
ρwater ( bbl ρWstock
CsFo
kg (stock
lbs req
Vstock
)1000=CsFo
s.g.
KFo
KFo× req
ρreq s.g. stock
%5 wtpowder CsFo V (% 7wt 14 9wt KFo
−
×wt
14 Wstock (% kgwt VV KFo × Vwtliter )stock %13 req % Making CsFo
wt
req
%s.g.
s.g. from
ρwt −powder
×W
− s.g.
ρ
s.g. × 42stock:
C 439.3029489 449.9977
powder s.g.water
reqreq 368.9524718
CsFo ρstock
req
% 1000
water %
s.g.8
8
9 wt stock
%V
V
W V
−
CsFo
powder
s.g.
wt (
( % bbl
liter
bbl (
× wt
lbs )
) =
ρ)stock
=)= W1
1
= −
×
− V
Vρ CsFo
req
%req CsFo
wt req KFo KFo
stockKFo × 1000
% wtreq ×W12 V req
ρ(×V lbs )W = KFo %
VKFo(−kg wt × req
)ρ=KFoVW % × wt 42 stock
×reqρ ρ req
ρ req s.g. ρρ stock
CsFo
stock
−W
%Vwt
5 Wpowder 6 ( kg) = 16 ρKFo req1000 ×
powder 1000 W powder
req CsFo
water
CsFo
water
powder
KFo stock KFo s.g.
KFo req
powder stock
stock powder
s.g.
VW Vwater( kg )% =Vwaterwtreq( liter %wt 7stock
)wt =reqstock ρ req
water
Vstock
13 (% bbl
ρ 8 stock ) powder
=W ×(V W water ((bbl kg s.g. ) == V1req −
ρ−Vwt
stock
s.g.
stock
ρ % 14 wt ))ρ= % ×stock
wt ρ × × 42
CsFo KFo
6 D ρ req-282.0486254
× 1000− W W powders.g.
stock
s.g.-297.1264 V-238.7274859 powder % wt 14 V req % W ρwt
stock
liter req ) (W
CsFo =kg s.g.
× V %
CsFo × ρ VCsFo KFoρ
×
powder
ρWreq ×
× 1000 42
6 11 req
12 7 % ρ wtV W × (
s.g.
1000 bbl
( kg − )
) ρ
W=
= −
powder
V %ρ s.g.
9 wt × −
CsFo ρ ρ × W ρ CsFo stock ( lbs
powder )
stock =ρCsFo × − 42
req
req CsFo − powder ( lbs)
req (9)
Vwater ( liter ) =
powder
16 7 reqV 13
powder
stock
KFo ( bbl 8 CsFo ) =
water
% 10
powder
14
15KFo 9 wtV
req req
req
( × VW
bbl
KFo
KFo W powder ( lbs
req
) = ( ( 1
bbl
kg − s.g. )
− V
) = =) V =
ρ % req− s.g.
wt
× ρ
%
ρ ×
wt ρ × 42
V ( liter
V KFo ×
) ( =liter V
) stock ( bbl ) = × W V ρ 1000
s.g.
powder
( bbl ( lbs ) = s.g.
) =ρ
CsFo CsFo
req −% × 42
req req
wt −
KFo W powder ( lbs)
req
req −1000 −powder
W water stock
ρ6water s.g.req water ρρCsFo ρ%reqwt CsFo
V % 9 (wtliter
stock
− ρV) W×= W ρ water
CsFo
stock
stock( bbl
req
s.g. ρ CsFo KFo
ρ −% ρ × VρCsFo
1000 ×
powder
42
))−= = ρW
KFo
−s.g.ρwt −ρ10 s.g. powder
156 11Vwater ( liter ) )==Vρstock Vs.g.
req × 1000
% W − powder
s.g.
CsFoCsFo % 15wt stock
ρW
Vpowderpowder
( bbl ρs.g. ρ
CsFo
ρρreqρV
waterreq
wt42
KFo ( bbl −s.g. % wt s.g. ×KFo ×
water CsFo KFo KFo water
Field: 3
s.g.V2water+ρC( liter V×KFos.g. =ρ +13
)( liter )D − ρ KFo
water CsFo
8 powder
Vwater
req
14 req
( bbl ×s.g.Wstock
1000)CsFo = 1(− kg req
KFoV) stock
s.g. = V CsFo ×ρ
stock
ρCsFo stock
× −42
KFo
− × 42 ( lbs)
powder
−W
req
V% wtV= A ×% s.g. + B%×wt CsFo
1 wt W 9 W req W ( lbs ) =KFo s.g. ρ
ρ ρ
CsFo
× ρV
42
water
Wpowder
powder ( lbs)
11 12 ρ
Vstock stock V
s.g.
W
CsFo
8KFoCsFo ( %kgs.g.
ρ−
water
wt
) V V
s.g.
= V % %− (( liter
wt
bbls.g.
×wt ρ ) ) ×
= = 1
ρ10 − ρ V powder
V ρ ( bbl W ) × = 1000
ρ
%
CsFo
req
wt
req −
− ρ KFo
ρ ρ ( lbs) ρ stock Wstock (10)
stock water req stock stock
= VV (((bbl bbl ))) = ρ=V
req CsFo
water
V
W
CsFo
water
Cs ( lbs×
( bbl )= req
) KFo
W
KFo
V=CsFo 10
15
115 −s.g.
req
( kg×Vstock
stock
ρ)CsFo V V %
−×water wt
s.g.
42 × ρKFo ×
CsFo
42
×× 42 %
req
−×wtW
KFo(× V % wt
V ( 7V ) %
liter V16 stock( bbl) 9
8
water
=water
req
14 KFo
req
1000
stock
16 req
WV
water
stock
lbs
bbl ρKFo
req
stock
= req CsFo
req ρρ
powder
ρ req
× 42 stock ρ req
42
powder
3% wt
reqρ× ρ
2 VKFo wt (2) % wt % wt W ρ ×
CsFo
ρ10 % ρ(Wlbs
wt )
CsFo
= VV ×W s.g.
KFo
stock
CsFoKFo
stock× ( bbl water
CsFo
42 )ρ = ρ
ρ V −req
− ρKFo
ρ
water
% ×
wt 42 W
2 % wt = A × ρ + B × 16 2 12W + C × ρ + D
V KFo ( lbs
stock
VW water s.g.
) = V%
KFo ( bbl kg wt
)9CsFo req %
×req
= V − %W s.g.
wt ×wt 42stock× ρ powder
req
16 stock
W ×W
ρ
water
( % V
lbs wt ) = V ρ% wt × − ρ ρ water
× 42 ρ ρ
ρ KFo =15
req
ρ req %ρwt KFo × 42
CsFo
CsFo KFo
req
ρ
% wt7= A ×Vstock ( bbl3 ) = stock stock
KFo ( req lbs
req
V ρstock
stock
req ×
req
( bbl 42 ) =× 42 −W ρKFo ( lbsstock
) req stock stock
) =))−V=
KFo
s.g. +B ρwater CsFo req
%× s.g. +7Cstock ×13s.g. stock(+ D req KFo KFo
wtstock × ρ stock Vwater KFo
149)wt = KFo Wpowder stock
s.g. ( kg s.g. ×KFoρreq(CsFo
stock KFo req powder ρ req − powder
ρwater
V% 16 %×× Wρ ×ρ10 ρ(15lbs W V Vwaters.g. %bbl Where:
s.g.
wt ) req
ρ =( bbl ρVCsFo ρ
−CsFo ρ req− ρ % KFo wtpowder Wpowder
CsFo CsFo
% wt ( liter
req wt ) =
req
powder
req
16 ×
V 1000 ) =
KFo
W V ( (
kg bbl ) =) =
V ×
ρ req −req ρ % V
wt powder
V % wt − % wt ρ ρ W
×(× 42
12 7 CsFo ρ ρ KFo req s.g. stock stock
s.g. V KFo ( bblW
V
s.g. ) ×=(( lbs Vwater
42 ))−= Vρ% ρ wt × ρ )× 42 stock Wstock
) =W lbs
CsFo
3 Where % wtreq16 7× ρ req13 ×VV
1000
stock
stock((8
KFo
bbl)) = =% Vwater
KFo
wtstock ( bbl
KFo
×10 )ρ=stock 1 − Vstock
req − s.g.
CsFo −16
16 KFo ρ W stock
powder
lbs =V−powder
ρKFo req ρ−
req
ρ ρ% KFo
×wt 42 stock ρ req ρ stock
TV bbl water
V 3 ( liter ) = 2 bbl s.g. V=water ( bbl )= ×VV
KFo
stock
KForeq
req
+W1. − Vρρwater
water
= volume req KFo
0needed
powder req
stock
03stock ρof stock
ρ stock brine
stock
powder
Wstock (bbl)
)ρCsFo
CsFo KFoKFo
CsFo
VCsFo ( liter % wt =− ρ×KFo
) stock W
s.g.
ρ15 ( st) s.g. 0KFo.001071
ρ ρ 1000
× × 42 ρ−stock
CsFo 0057723 (=lbs %KFo
×wt s.g. − −ρ% .wt
% wt8= A × Vρstock + B × + C × + D
CsFo KFo
= density ρ in %ppg wt ρ × ρ 11
16 W CsFo ( lbs ) req
× V ρ
42s.g. × req
ρ − ×s.g. 42 req
water ( bbl) = 1 − Vstock
ρ CsFo
10 s.g. V
stock
% ( − bbl s.g.
wt V
) = × ρ ( ρbbl
req
× ) × =
42 42 − W powder ρ ( lbs )ρ − ρ KFo
W
13stock 8stock 14 Vwater ( W bbl
s.g. ) = ( 1
kg − − ) V
s.g.
V = V ( bbl × ρ req KFo
16 req req s.g.
V KFoT
s.g.
KFo
(( liter
powder
−bbl
water
) = volume
KFo
ρ
s.g. req
CsFo
− ρKFo
%
%
−water
KFo wt
wt
s.g.
req
×ρ 1000W Wpowder
and 9 W 10 CsForeq ( lbs s.g. CsFo
water
) =CsFo
stock (st
KFo ) ×)1000 = 11
TCsFo KFo
16CsFo Vs.g. − ρ(V
ρ water ρW ×(req req
42 lbs % ρ) KFo )=
wt V s.g. % req wt
×CsFo ρ CsFo KFo
× ρ42 req (bbl)
powder powder
× ρ reqVVCsFo 42( liter( bbl) )==s.g. ρ V (literbbl
VKFo)) =×reqCsFo − s.g.
water CsFo CsFo powder
V water ( liter % wt
) )=1000 −16 V88stock ×water 1 15 −powderVstock−%s.g. V wt ( bbl × 16 )% = wt × 42 W stock
ρ water V
s.g.
lbs
req CsFo
water
Cs
CsFo×) (req (=
42 ρρρKFo ×−− − 42
ρstock
ρ % wtreq KFo × 1000
stock stock
Wpowder
94 ρ W lbs ) = V × ρ × 42
KFo
W ( lbs =
req
14 V
W ( lbs( Wbbl) = ) V=( kg1 − ) ×V
= ρ
CsFo V ×× 42
ρ
KFo KFo
req
CsFo V req 16 powder KFo
− ρ% VCsFo ( bbl ) wt =
= %wt s.g. req
CsFo
CsFo ρ
ρ−formate −KFo
KFo
KFos.g. powder
KFoin Wnew brine (Eq. 2)
% wtreq × ρ req%×NaFo
powder
1000 9 water
Cs
WCsFo KFo W(%
CsFo
lbswt ) CsFo
=
stock
s.g.ρCsFo
CsFo
ρ× 42W V ρ11 Vwater wtreq
Cs
% s.g.
CsFo
s.g.
CsFo CsFo
ρ− −KFos.g. ρ stock
s.g.
wt req ×16
11 (CsFos.g.) req W KFo
(literkg ρ) ))req %KFo ×wt W
ρ= ×V−42 VρCsFo
lbs = V% ρ
)(×((stock ρreq
powder stock stock CsFo req stock
% wt 12
16 Vlbs ρ
literρKFo req × 1000
Vstock(5liter ) =
CsFo
14 9 powder
W W ( kg (
) lbs
= V ) = % × wt
ρ req V ×stock ρreq ρ req ×V16 ×
42powder42 KFo −%
11 W wtV ( (V KFo
bbl wt
KFo
KFo
) =
lbs ) = V s.g.
KFo ρ×
KFoW
−
powder
× s.g. 42 × 1000 powder
% wt 169× ρ req × W1000
W powder
W( lbs) V=V water ( bbl )V= req
Vwater− ρ req%
water 16
12
16wtCsFo
powderreq
% W WKFo wtlbs
KFo ( kg
ρ ) = ) )ρwt = = V
req s.g.
Vρρ×CsFo
%wt × ρ ρ
ρformate
stock −
−W× s.g.
stock
in×stock
1000 brine (Eq. 2)
ρVCsFo Cs ((stock V 42KFo
CsFo req
CsFo 10ρ CsFo
s.g. %ρ0.040840858
CsFo
wt s.g. s.g.
Wpowder% A wt ρ req×× 0.066059018
ρ lbs) 0.052149
V liter
Cs CsFo CsFo
req stock KFo req − KFo stock KFo stock
Wpowder
( kg )= 42stock− Wpowderpowder (15 W 42( lbs − s.g. )ρ=water V ×req ρ× req42 )ρ
ρ% 0V.CsFo CsFo CsFo
stock 16 ( bbl
V KFo %ρ )reqwt =16
powder
×powder
KFo 11 W reqKFo
16
13 ×( lbs42 ρ) KFos.g.
W ( (lbs −s.g.
st ) =CsFo=
KFo 001071
s.g.
powder
−×KFo s.g. ×− −T s.g.
× +42 1.KFo0057723 × s.g.− 0.03
10 Vwater ( bbl) = % wtpowder V ( bbl ) = s.g. − V powder ( bbl ) = % W wt ( kg ) =
= V %wt s.g. ×
ρ
CsFo
formate W s.g. KFo
in ×powder
B -2.812640708
ρ water ×15 10W
42s.g. ( st s.g.
) = 0
-2.633887. ρ ρ
001071 × V
ρ 42× T
-2.215034566
− +
W−
s.g.ρpowder
ρ 1ρ .
CsFo
req 0057723 (
ρ
lbs CsFo
KFo
)12
16
12
13 × V s.g. −
( 0
liter
% V
W s.g.
. Cs
03 ) (
wt(st−ρs.g. (( stliter
kg
ρ ) )= )= 0CsFo
=V . 001071
CsFo
V ×
req
ρ
ρ ×
CsFo req
T
−Ws.g. +× 1
powder .
10000057723
KFo
1000 × s.g.− 0.03
water
V KFo) (=bbl )req =
CsFo req
×( lbs 4212 )16ρ req KFo
− (ρlbs WρCsFo
s.g. KFo
KFo
powder
) ρ KFo TCsFoKFo V
KFo
s.g.
−s.g.
s.g. s.g. reqKFo
KFo
− s.g. TKFo
V water (6liter ) =1000− Vstock req × 4211 − Wreq CsFo
×
10
1000 − W Vwater ( bbl ρ16 V water16
( bbl ) = WCs s.g.
W
V KFo) =powder ((Vliter
kg −) )= s.g.
×=VρKFo req × ×CsFo
ρ42 KFo
powder
KFo × 1000
C ) = req 15ρ 10
52.6907143 s.g.
V (st ( )
bbl T
) = V s.g. ρ
− ρCsFo V − × 42T
%
ρ powder
KFo V wt % 16
(s.g. wt
literstock ) − ρ−s.g. ρ s.g.
W CsFo
KFoCsFo (st ρ )
CsFo T = Wdensity
VCsFo
s.g. s.g.
stock×
KFo
×−−
1000 required
s.g. T in new brine (ppg)
16 ) =53.97346 )44.25276598
ρ CsFo ( streq))− = 0 ..001071 T +
+1 1..KFo
0057723 × s.g.−
× s.g. −0 0..03
CsFo
Vwater ( liter
powder
water
V KFo ( bbl W11 11KFo ( lbs
stock
ρreq
water
water =V ×KFo 42 × req ρKFo KFo 13
ρ
13×CsFo 42CsFo s.g.s.g. s.g.
req
KFo ( st
stock
=s.g. 0V 001071
s.g. req×−
CsFo
Ts.g. 0057723
KFo
03
Vstock Vwater % wtreqρ% wt ρ ρ W water V 16 ( liter12 W
) s.g.
(
14 lbs W ) = V( kg−
WV s.g.
) =
×CsFo ( V
(ρ kg
liter ) × )×
= ×1000
= ρ 42 s.g.
KFo × ρ
req s.g. KFo × 1000
reqV ρstockVwater − stockρ% wt
V KFo %16
( liter wt Cs
) stock13 ρW CsFo
KFo V
CsFo CsFo ( liter
CsFo
ρCsFo ( (st
req
W KFo
CsFo
V)=×)=T0=1000 =.001071
density
KFo
CsFo
×−−
CsFo
Tstock × 1000
brine (ppg)
))) stock + 1T T.KFo0057723 × s.g.− 0.03
KFo
s.g.
ρ
%Dwtreq × ρ-282.0486262 -297.1264 -238.7274996
water stock
s.g. CsFo − W s.g. (st kg s.g.
s.g. s.g. s.g.
s.g.
%14 )T=VW ×CsFo ρ CsFo
CsFo KFo
req × 1000
Wstock ( lbss.g. ) =reqVKFo × ρreqKFo ρ req×− wtpowder s.g. (st s.g. s.g. CsFo − s.g. KFo × 1000
ρ42
req stock req
16V
16VKFo %16wt % 12 wt W ρ KFo s.g.
( kg )CsFo
ρ×stock =CsFo V− W V s.g.
CsFo
×42 (ρKFoliter
KFo CsFo powder KFo
Wpowder ( kg)s.g. V= V % wt % wt ρ V (
W bbl ) W= ( lbs ) = V ρ ×
CsFo
s.g. − s.g.
stockρ
Vstock reqVwater stock
water
% 12wt
req
Wρpowder % 16 wt Cs stock
13 ρWreq ρs.g. req
KFo CsFo
ρ (liter W
stKFo
V)stock
s.g. stock
=(st 0 .)001071
KFo
s.g.
s.g. T=reqweight −ρs.g.
× Ts.g. +V1KFo .stock
0057723 T KFo brine
× s.g.(lbs)− 0.03
16 % wtW
req stock CsFo CsFo
stock water
( lbss.g. ) =V
stock
W ρρstock(% kgwt )−=ρVKFo ×stock W ) =(( kg W )) = =V ρ− ×
%% wtwtpowder 12× ×W 42
req
req powder
16 KFo 11 reqKFo KFoρ req −KFo (KFo
CsFo
s.g. kgCsFo ) =powder −14
V 14
KFo
s.g. V× CsFo ρ (KFo WCsFo CsFo kg s.g.powder VCsFoCsFo ×ρ CsFo × 1000
ρVCsFo
req × ρ req s.g. reqVCsFo ( bbl ) = W s.g. s.g.
(Vsts.g. ) = 0(st CsFoT
)1000 ( kg× − ) Ts.g. ==+
s.g. Vρweight ×−ρρCsFo Treq
KFo KFo reqKFo
Vstock( bbl) = s.g. V16 KFo ( liter
% 13)Wwt ρ s.g.14 .×001071
s.g. CsFo 1KFo.0057723 powder
KFo × s.g.− 0(lbs) .03
117 s.g.req − ρρs.g. % −s.g.
wt ρ
powder
KFo VCsFo 15
(s.g.
literKFo ) = −W W powder req CsFo
CsFo
×V 1000
% wtstock16 ×−ρs.g.
CsFo 11Vreq (16
bbl ) =
ρ req
W 13 Cs ( lbs) = VCsFo
CsFo
KFo
CsFo ×
powder
− CsFoρ CsFo−req15
s.g. ×s.g. 42 req − W
Vs.g.
s.g.
powder
KFo ( bbl s.g.
s.g.
) = ρ CsFo
− s.g. ρ
ρ − Vρ
V KFoρ(Pliter ×) 1000
A G E s.g. 2 − W S
stock
CsFo×
E C T I O NV KFo
1000 A2 (ρliter 13
s.g. ) − ρ −s.g. V (
CsFo st) = 0.001071
14
liter s.g.
) = (st W
s.g. )
× 1000 T ( kg
req × Ts.g. V
WKFo+ 1KFo
) =
s.g. (
CsFo V
bblKFo
.0057723 ) ×=× ρ
1000 T
ρ× s.g.
KFo
CsFo − ρ req
− 0.03
KFo VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7
Vwater ( liter ) =
req 11−powders.g. s.g. Vs.g. (req−liter ) =KFos.g.CsFo CsFo − s.g. KFo
CsFo
s.g. × 1000 CsFo
ρ CsFo − ρVKFo
××s.g.
CsFo KFo
WCs)( lbsW (CsFo
kg )−×=CsFo VCsFo
CsFo
11 16KFo V KFo12 ( liter s.g.
) KFo = VCsFo ρs.g.
CsFo ×42ρ 1000 KFo s.g.CsFo − s.g. KFo ρ
ρ CsFo − − ρ
ρ
ρ V 16( liter ) W CsFo 14
ρ s.g. V
KFo
(st req
) W × T
1000 15( kg )
s.g. = V Vs.g. × T ρ req
Vwater((kg bbl s.g.CsFo − s.g.KFo KFo (((bbl bblρ ) = ρV × −
) )==V1KFo− V×stock 15W CsFo req
128 W V KFo lbs) = V ρ req× 42
CsFo CsFo CsFo
W water
ρ KFo 12 KFo
s.g. kg) = V16 ρ KFo
KFo 16 WCs ( lbs)W=KFo VCsFo ( kg 14 ×) ρ=CsFo VKFo− ×W W ×s.g.
42 ρ KFo (KFo CsFo × ρ CsFo
15 W V KFo
KFo
( bbl ) = Vρ
KFo
ρKFo CsFo − ρ
CsFo
CsFo×− ρρKFoKFo
KFo (× lbs × 42
KFo
% wt12 × ρ 16 × 42 13 W ρ 14
s.g. ( st
CsFo
V) = 0
CsFo
. 001071 ( kg)req=×−
s.g. VT16 s.g. + 1 ×.0057723
ρ CsFo s.g. − 0 . 03 − ρ KFo
Vstock139Vwater W% wt(req lbs) % = wt12
req reqW
ρ KFo ( kg ρ ) = VVKFo W×( ρ literKFo) =
CsFo
W CsFo
s.g. ×ρ1000
KFo
ρVCsFo −ρρCsFo req − ρ KFo
−wt W ( kg ) = V CsFo × ρ 15 16 VTKFoKFo (Vbbl VCsFo ) =( bbl)) =V =
stock req
ρs.g.stock ) KFoW
stock
T ×s.g. −16 s.g.
powder
s.g.16 req% s.g. 13WKFo KFo
( stVs.g.
)KFo = 0(st .001071 −Ts.g. s.g.
+CsFo 1.0057723 ρ ×W s.g.−( lbs 0.03 ρ req×−ρ ρ KFo× 42
96 Wpowder %W V(waterkg ) (= ((ρlbs ) )== ρ% wt × ρ−req W× 42
liter wt××powder
1000
stock water stock powder
Wwt powder
× lbs % ρ water
req
wtpowder
water
) )= =% req req
5V (8bbl) = 96V% wt(req ×water
powder
ρwt
water req powder
V% water
stock
powder req(reqliter ×Vstockρ req ×
ρ% wt%
1000 ρ wt
1000 ρ−req
× powder Wpowder× 42
7 bbl )
powder
= 1 − req % wt
water
× 42 − W powder ( lbs )
water
stock W 9( kg
% wt)stock
water =W V ( liter ( lbs)% ) =
stock = wt 10 ρ
req
stock Vwater % wtreq req
Vpowder
powder ρ % wt ρ ρ stock Wstock
V×stock
water
powder ρ stock
water
V
%water % wt V (ρlbs ( bbl
) ρ = Wstockstock req
) stock
ρwt
powder
6 V V % wt ×
% ρ1000
ρ wt × ××−42
req
ρ 42
% ρW
%
× wt
− −42
water wt
W W stock
powderwater (ρlbsreq
) ρ W
8 Vwater (10 bbl
10 V ) water
= 1(V −V V
liter
stock ) (= bbl water
req
)
powder
= ρ
req
req
req req × 42
req
%
powder
− W powder
stock ( lbs
stock
powder req) % stock wt × ρ ρ
stock × 42
× ρwt
req
10WpowderV lbs)((V=
( stock bbl )) = =−% ρwt ρ req Wstock
stock water req stock stock
9 powder ρ req
stock
water water
water bbl water % reqwt
req
7req ρ water
% Vreq
powder
×stock
42( bbl ) =C I ρAstock
req
S E C T I O N A : C H E M I C A L A N D P H Y S8I C A L6VP R O( P bbl ER )= T7 I1E−SV % VVρwater wt×req
water (V 1000
bbl ×ρ )= %
req ×
W ρwt
% 42wt
water
C ρ
×Areq
ρ42 B×− Oρwt ×
W 42
×Tstock
42 S PρE
powder ( lbs req )% wt LTY WstockFLUIDS
stock × ρ stock
stock
req water powderpowder
req req water req stock stock
9 waterWVpowder water10 (7 (liter
lbs)) stock
== Vwater stock
(( bbl
bbl )) == % % req
wt wt req
req ××
water
waterρ ρ
req
req
7 V% V
stock
stock
% ( bbl
% ρwt )
wt = % % wt
% wt wt
stock
ρ × ρ stock V
× ρ 42 ρ Vwater W % wtreq % wtstock ρ req ρ stock Wstock
wtreq
stock × ρ( req
stock
water ρVreq ×)powder
water 42×
=%
req 42%wt −wt Wpowder
stock
req
stock water ( lbs)
×%
stock stock
req
stock req stock stock stock
9 10 ( lbs) 7V
Wpowder =water ( bbl V Vstock
Vwt ) = bbl V
V%
water %
water % %wt wt req %
stock
req × %ρwt
wtstock ρρ req ρρ stock W
ρ stock
wt
Wstock
Wstock
Vstock V8water % %
stock
wt × 42 %− W wt
wt ρ ×wt 8ρstock
( × ρ
lbs 42 )
Vstock
ρ
stock( bbl ρW ) = 1ρ−stock
req Vstock
ρ V stock
stock ( bbl water
water ) = 1
req − V req
req
req stocks.g.
stock
water req
req stock
stock stock
stock % wt Wpowder
8 V) stock
= (Metric:bbl ) =( bbl) =powder
powder water
stock
V7water ( bbl
req req stock stock
A2.2.2 Mixing tables for sodium10 formate
reqwater
Vstock
s.g. water % Vwater wt 1%−×wt Vρstock
stock % wt
% wtstock ρ req req
ρ%stockwtreqWpowder
W × ρ req × 42
powder
8ρ × 42 V
s.g.
%
s.g.
water
wt
−req ρWreq ( bbl × )
ρ =
× (42 1
stock −
% V
) 9wt
stock
req
stock % ×W wt
ρ req powder
× 42 W stock
Wpowder
=) lbs ( lbs) =
stock %
3req ×wt
water req req powder
Using Equations 1 – 10 above, sodium 10formate 7V ( bbl Vstock
) =( bbl 89V req )=V ToV
W water req( bbl
make
water
powder
%× ( lbs
wt ) req
up 1%
= −
%1 Vm wt
wtstock brine
11
req ρρreq × 42
with
powder
powder
powder specific
ρ stock Wstock s.g. gravity
% powder − s.g. :
powder
wt
water
11 9 stock % ρ W
s.g.wt
waterpowder
powder
stock × 42 ( lbs ) =s.g.
ρ stock
req % wt %
req
req %
stock
−× s.g.
wt ρwt req × 42
req
req V ( liter ) WpowderCsFo
powder req
× 1000
mixing tables can be prepared for stock brine and 8 11 9 Vwater (W bbl
V
powder
water) = 1 req
( liter ( lbs
− ) V ) = s.g.
% wtCsFo % − wt
× s.g.
ρpowderpowder
×
req 42
reqreq × 1000
KFo
s.g. − s.g.KFo
Vstock 11 V9water %V W wt powder
KFo ( liter % ( lbs wt
) ) =
stocks.g. ρ CsFo
CsFo % req− s.g.
wt ρ powder
powder
stockreq ×
req W 1000 ρ × 42 CsFo
− W ( lbs )
powder by using the density of the stock brine, the s.g.req V KFo s.g.
% − s.g. ) =)) Wpowder
×wt
KFo req
powder ( liter ) s.g. stock req
CsFo
×ρ% 42
powder
KFo ×( lbs 1000
stock
(11)
− ×−
wt s.g.W req powder
% wts.g. ρ
s.g. 10 CsFo
−−
powder V 42
s.g. KFo( bbl
8V Vwater11 ( bbl
10 ) = 1V V−(%
KFo
Vwt ()bbl = ))) = ρreq req
×
CsFo
42
req
12 −s.g.W
powder
water req ( lbs
powder
KFoW× ( )kg) = VKFo × ρ×KFo
V % Wwt lbs stock− W 42
CsFo
required density of the new brine, and the formate stock 9 10 reqV KFo ((liter
water stock
bbl =ρ req ρ ×ρ42
req CsFo
req CsFo
W
KFo
powder
powder
( lbs
KFo 1000 ρ water
s.g.water powder
W water ( kg) = powder %
stock
wt ρ × 42
stock
W
12 =VVKFo %
s.g. wt×CsFo ρ KFo − s.g.
water req powder
content as calculated by Equations 1 and 29 for 11 the
req10
12 VW % KFo wt ( kgbbl
s.g.
req )×=CsFo
) )=ρ ρ
KFo−× ×s.g.
42 ×ρρρρ42
powder
req− W
water
× powder
42 KFo powder( lbs)
12 =W ) ((kg ) =VreqKFo
req×
42 (12)
water
KFo KFo
water
Wpowder 10V(KFo lbs()liter Vwater KFo bbl water
KFo × ×1000
s.g. % wt 13 W req − s.g. KFo
KFo KFo KFo
%s.g. wt − s.g.
water
× 42 s.g.
V V % wt % wt stock Wstock
stock brine and the new brine. 11 req
12
13 s.g. W ( kg −
powderρ )
s.g. =
CsFo×
V 42 −
× Wρρ −
KFo ( lbs
powder
V) ( liter ) = ρ ×ρ1000
V CsFo V req req
KFo powder
%
KFos.g. wt %s.g.
water
powder
reqKFo− wt stock CsFo
KFo ρ req
water
ρ reqs.g. Wstock stock req
10KFo ( liter
V 13 V) water (VV
13 bbl stock ) (=liter
( liter Vwater )) == ρ% s.g.
s.g.
× 1000
wt req
req
× −%s.g.
42 s.g.wtstock KFo ρ
××req 1000ρ stock
1000 Wstock CsFo − s.g. KFo (13)
W s.g.
( kg
stock
CsFo
)req =s.g.
stock
×(Vliter −
Vreq s.g.
water
−× % s.g. wtCsFo ( lbs%
req
wtstock
s.g. stock
KFo
stock
ρ 1000ρ stock Wstock
req stock
stock stock
s.g. −−
water
11 12 VρCsFo −CsFo
stock 42 water )W =ρKFo s.g.
water req
req ) s.g.
s.g. KFo ×req
KFo
% wtpowder Wpowder
Mixing tables are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 (for
10V KFo liter a) 13
Vwater ( bbl) = V
KFo CsFo
s.g.
CsFo
CsFo KFo
Vwater× powder
KFo
s.g.
%
1000 s.g. wtCsFo req14 −
%− s.g.
% wt
wtstock req ρ
KFo
KFo WCsFo ( kg)ρ=stock VCsFoW
Wstock× ρ CsFo
12 powder, WKFo ( kg s.g.
) = VCsFo V
s.g.−
stock
× s.g.
ρ
req ( ρliter ) =
× 42
CsFo
req
CsFo
% wt
KFo
KFo
powder ×req 1000 Wpowder
commonly-used grade of sodium formate 14 KFo
W W
s.g.
CsFo
CsFo( kg
req
req ( kg
KFo
KFo
water )
)= = V
VCsFo s.g.
−11 ×× ρ − s.g. powder
% wt reqKFo ρ stock s.g.
powder Wstock W−powder
powder
powder (14)
13 14VVstock( liter
14 VCsFo %
s.g. wtreq %s.g. wt
ρ stock ρpowder
CsFo CsFo
W =( kg) = Vreq
req ×CsFo ρ CsFo
KFo s.g.req
× ρs.g. liter ) s.g. W
water
with a moisture content of 0.3%. 12 WKFo ( kg) =11 VKFo CsFo
CsFo
CsFo) req s.g.
CsFo
CsFo %V
CsFo − s.g.
CsFo
CsFo wt× 1000
powder(W
CsFo
ρ powder V × 1000
13 11
14V WV KFo
KFo
( (liter
kg− s.g. ) )=wt VKFo s.g. − s.g.
×CsFo ρreq − s.g. KForeq
× 1000
Vstock11 W%W
s.g. wt s.g.
s.g. %s.g. CsFo
s.g. ρ ρ VV KFo ρ
s.g. req W
req s.g. − s.g.
) = reqWhere V ( liter ) ρ − stock × stock 1000
CsFo CsFo CsFo CsFo
VCsFo ( liters.g. water
W KFo
req req
s.g. s.g.
stock % × wt
1000
ρ CsFoVpowder
CsFo − s.g. req W CsFo
ρ CsFo − ρ req
KFo
A2.2.3 Mixing tables for potassium formate 11W ( s.g. V KFo KFo
( liter − s.g. ) s.g. −− s.g.s.g.KFo × 1000 powder
13 14 s.g. kg V− )= s.g.
CsFo
(Vliter KFo)
× ρρs.g. KFo CsFo CsFo15
CsFo
− ρρ −reqs.g.WKFo
KFo
req
KFo
(Vkg ×)1000 (=bbl ) =× ρ
VKFo
s.g.
VCsFo ( liter ) req
=
CsFo req
W KFo =
CsFo
masss.g.% wt × ρ [kg]
CsFo
1000 12CsFo
ρ − V KFo
W CsFo − ρ KFo
KFo
15
12s.g. VV WKFo ( (bbl kg VρpowderCsFo
−× ρ
)))) = = CsFo s.g. − −reqs.g.KFo powder KFo
Using Equations 1 – 10 above, potassium14 formate 11 (15 s.g. CsFo ρρKFo
s.g. req
W 15
kg
12)V= VCsFo V WKFo
( liter
−KFo
×
KFo) =
KFo ρ(( bbl
s.g. (CsFo
bbl kg KFo = =V KFo
ρKFoCsFo
CsFo
CsFo×−
×CsFo
−ρρρKFo req
req
KFo × 1000
mixing tables can be prepared for stock brine and 12
CsFo 12
W KFo CsFo W
s.g.KFo KFo
( kg specific
ρ ) = Vρ V
ρ
ρKFo
KFo
gravity
−ρ
− ρKFo ρKFo
(or density in any unit)
11W ( kg) =15
KFo s.g. CsFo
−×s.g.
13 KFo
req − s.g. KFo
)s.g.
CsFo req
13
V × WKFo
s.g.
V ( (bblkg −) =s.g. VKFo
CsFo CsFo
CsFo ρ KFo KFo
KFo
−KFo
W ( lbs = VKFo × ρ KFo × 42
14 ρ KFoCsFo s.g.
req req16 s.g.
V ( liter ) = × 1000
powder by using the density of the stock brine,W V KFo (16
the liter
13 s.g.) W VρρρKFo ××− 1000 −×
ρ KFo KFo KFo
CsFo CsFo
VρCsFo
CsFo
=(Vρ literdensity )=−= s.g. [g/mL] s.g. CsFo
KFo × 1000 s.g.CsFo − s.g. KFo
((((lbs
lbs −))) = ρreq 42KFo
CsFo
15 12 13VWKFo
16
16 ( bbl(W
W s.g.
Vkg ) )
KFo
= = liter
V
lbs
CsFo
=) ×V
s.g.=
V
req×
s.g. × ρ
ρ
req
−−×
KFo
× s.g.
s.g. 42
42 × 1000
required density of the new brine, and the formate 13 KFo VCsFo
KFo
CsFo
KFo (ρ
CsFo CsFo
liter KFo
) = KFo
KFoKFo
s.g.
KFo
s.g.
req
CsFo KFo
−−s.g. s.g.KFo
KFo
KFo
× 1000 ρ − ρ
CsFo − ρρ
KFo KFo
W s.g. ρ ρ CsFo V
VCsFo −=((ρlbs litervolume
req) )==
KFo
s.g. [liter]
−
CsFo
req
CsFo 16
KFo
−×s.g. V
KFo
KFo
×) 1000( bbl ) =× ρ
req KFo
ρρρρKFo W42 ( kg = VCsFo
KFo
content as calculated by Equations 1 and1512 2 for the V13 W ( bbl16
16( kg
14
16 )= ) = VW W
V KFo × ( ρ( kg
bbl )) ==
V
V ρ
KFo
ρ
14
req
req ×
s.g. −×
×−
−
CsFo
ρ
KFo
KFo− s.g. CsFo KFo CsFo
ρ CsFo− ρ
KFoKFo
16
14 ρV ρ−CsFoV
V
KFo
W CsFo( (bbl
ρCsFo − (ρbbl
CsFo
kg
KFo
KFo)) =
) = Vreq
s.g. CsFo
ρCsFo
req
req s.g.
−ρρρρ
CsFo CsFo
KFo
KFo
KFo KFo CsFo KFo
stock brine and the new brine. W CsFo (W liter =)V
CsFo
(=kg )s.g. ×=ρVρ × − CsFoKFo × 1000
KFo ( lbs)CsFo × 42
CsFo CsFo CsFo
15 ( bbl) =14
V KFo 16 −
CsFo CsFo
req CsFo
CsFo
KFo ρ ρCsFo
CsFo
KFo −
− s.g.KFo ρρ
CsFoKFo
W s.g. ρ V
13 16
14 ρ CsFo − Field: ρW
Vs.g.
W CsFo(req (bbl
kg −))s.g.
s.g. ==V CsForeq
ρ × ρVCsFo
KFo
CsFo
CsFo CsFo
CsFo
KFo 16 KFo
KFo
WCs ( lbs) = VCsFo × ρ CsFo × 42
16 WVKFo CsFo ( liter
( lbs
16 ) =)V=KFoW WKFo ×Csρ( lbs ρ s.g.
) ×=42 −
V ρ CsFo
ρ ρ× ρ×− V 1000
ρ KFo × 42
Mixing tables are shown in Table 3 and Table 416 for
14 16 16VW (To
( bblW
W s.g.
kg ) )make
=((= lbs
lbs
KFo
Vs.g. ))CsFo
req−=
=V V
up
s.g.
×CsFo
CsFo one
ρ15
KFo
ρ CsFo × ρ Vbarrel
CsFo × 42 with density ρ CsFo − ρ req :
a standard stock brine (1.57 s.g. / 13.1 16 ppg),Wfor a ) =15
( lbs VKFo × ρ W
CsFoCsFo
V
Cs
Cs
Cs
−×((lbs
CsFo
ρ42 ρ CsFo
bbl
s.g.
) =−CsFo
ρ
CsFo
ρρCsFo ρ× ρ−CsFo
KFo
KFo − ρ
V
CsFo
CsFo
ρ req×V42
16 KFo (W bbl) =ρ V
15 ρ CsFo − ρ KFo
CsFo req
1614 KFo VWCsFo 16
( bbl
16( kg ) )== VW W
KFo
V KFo
WreqKFo
Cs×( bbl
KFo
ρρρCsFo ) = V
) = CsFo ρ
ρV
CsFo
VCsFo ×
CsFo −CsFo −
ρ ρ
ρ KFo
req
× 42
more diluted stock brine (1.54 s.g. / 12.8 ppg) that CsFois 15
16 W VCsFos.g.
KFo
( bbl ) ρ = V −−
req
(15) × s.g.− 0.03
16
15ρ req − W
ρ CsFo
ρV) KFo − ρρKFo VCsFo ρρ CsFo
ρρ KFo
req s.g.( st) = 0.001071 × T + 1.0057723
× −42ρ×KFo
CsFo KFo
often supplied in the winter, and for a 16powder 16( bbl)a=16WCs ( lbss.g.
VCsFowith s.g.
KFo= V((CsFo
KFo bbl)×=ρ CsFo
st ) = 0 .
ρ CsFo
001071 T W + 1 . 0057723
( lbs ) = V × s.g. × − 0 .03 × 42
W ( st st V 16 − ρ
))ρ= = 0..V 001071 × KFo
T ×+ + 42 1KFo
..0057723
0057723 ×KFo
s.g. − KFo
0s.g.
..03
03
W 16ρs.g. Wρρ ( lbsρ V )= ρ
− CsFoρ × ρ× ρ s.g.(st) × T − T
15 CsFo − s.g. )ρ((st 0 001071 T 1 s.g. 0
CsFo KForeq
moisture content of 0.3% (typical moisture 16 content )V V ( bbl W =( lbs )ρ) ×)=) T =
42VKFo × ρ KFo × 42 T.0057723 ×ρs.g.−−ρ0.03 (16)
KFo
W ( lbs 16 =KFo ×KFo
s.g. T KFos.g. KFo
16 Cs 16W CsFo ρρWs.g.
s.g. KFo
(st( (
CsFo
− lbs
st V
) = 0 V−
. 001071
T= V ρ req ρ ×
s.g. ρ KFo
× T × + 42
T1
T ( bbl) = req
CsFo(st
s.g. )ρ req s.g.
16×−ρ ρ KFo×V42
CsFo KFo
of material that has been stored for a while). 15 16 W
KFo
( lbs )
KFo KFo KFo
V ( bbl
16
W ( lbs) = VCsFo × ρ CsFo ) = × (42 ρ − ρ
Vρ)V bbl ) T= req
16 KFo KFo KFo CsFo
16 Cs W KFo ρ16 s.g. 0(st ρ) KFo s.g. T × s.g. − ρ0.CsFo03 − ρ KFo
KFo
s.g.( st V =CsFo −.(001071
bbl )=× Treq
ρρCsFo
req
+−− 1ρ.ρ 0057723
KFo
(17)
A2.2.4 Mixing tables for cesium formate 16 16 WKFo ( V lbsCsFo
CsFo
) = VKFo
CsFo ( bbl
CsFo
) =× ρρρKFo ×−−42 KFo
ρρKFo KFo
W s.g. ρ ( st) V 16 s.g. (st ) V T ( bbl )

s.g. = ρ CsFo
req
CsFo
− T ρ KFo
KFo
16 = 0.001071 CsFo × T + 1.0057723 CsFo
16 − ρKFo × s.g.
WCs−( lbs 0.03 ) = V CsFo × ρ CsFo × 42
Cesium formate is only used as single salt16 brine 16 WKFo (16
at lbs) = VKFo WCs×( lbs ρ KFo ρ) = ×V42
req −ρρCsFo × ρ CsFoKFo × 42 (18)
VTCsFo ( bbl ) = CsFoKFo
s.g. ( s.g.
st ) = (st0 16
). 001071 W
× s.g. TCs (+ lbs 1 . ) =
0057723 V
T CsFo × × ρ s.g.
CsFo − × 0 42
. 03
very high densities. In most applications it is blended 16 W Cs
( lbs
Cs − ρ CsFo CsFo16 ρ ) = V −
CsFo
ρ × ρ CsFo
× 42
ρ
Wreq
KFo CsFo W ρ V
with potassium formate brine. The mixing 16 )VCsFoT16 ( bbl) = Where
16 W Cs ( lbs ρ )KFo = VCsFo V × ρ CsFo × 42
s.g.(stfor
tables 16 s.g.ρ W −Tρρ V
W CsFo ρ KFo V ( st) = 0.001071 × T + 1.0057723 × s.g.− 0.03
single-salt cesium formate brines prepared from16 16 W ( lbs ) =(VstCsFo ) =×0ρ .001071 × 42T s.g.
16 Cs W s.g.
s.g. ( = st ρ mass
) = 0 . V [lbs] ×
CsFo
001071 × T
+ 1.0057723 × s.g.− 0.03
+ 1 .0057723 × s.g.− 0.03
stock brine and powder are shown in Table 5 and s.g. (ρstCsFo ) =×T 0.42 001071 ×T + s.g. (st) T × s.g.
1.0057723 s.g. − 0.03 T
16 WCs ( lbsW ) = VCsFo ρ × (st
Table 6 along with mixing from a 2.3 s.g. (19.2 ppg) 16 s.g.
s.g.
s.g. (=st))density
(st )V= T0.001071 s.g.
[ppg]
s.g. × T + 1T T.0057723 × s.g.− 0.03
s.g.(st) T s.g. T
brine stock. Cesium formate powder has a 16bulk W ρs.g.( stV ) = (st
s.g. =
0.001071 )volume T ×s.g. T[gal]+ 1.0057723 T × s.g.− 0.03
density of 3.19 kg/L. The moisture content of this
s.g.( st)s.g. = 0(st .001071 ) T × Ts.g. + 1.0057723 T × s.g.− 0.03
dry product is about 0.15%.
s.g.(st) T Mixing s.g. tables T for the most commonly used blend of
A2.3 Density of potassium / cesium and potassium formate (1.57 s.g. / 13.09 ppg
cesium formate blends potassium formate and 2.20 s.g. / 1.84 ppg
cesium formate) are shown in Table 7 and Table 8
In most applications a blend of stock brines 1.57 s.g. / for metric and field units respectively, along with
13.09 ppg potassium formate and 2.20 s.g. / 18.34 ppg required amounts of stock brine required for
cesium formate can be formulated to cover the blending. Another set of mixing tables for blends
entire density range. To achieve a lower crystallization made up with a diluted potassium formate brine
temperature in the lower density range (1.57 – 2.0 s.g. / (1.54 s.g. / 12.8 ppg), commonly supplied for UK
13.1 – 16.7 ppg) the potassium formate stock brine and Norway North Sea winter operations is shown
may be diluted with water. To achieve a lower in Table 9 and Table 10.
crystallization temperature at the higher density
range (2.0 – 2.2 s.g. / 16.7 – 18.3 ppg) the cesium A2.4 Density of sodium /
formate brine may be used diluted with water alone. potassium formate blends
The volume shrinkage when blending these two Some blending tables exist in the industry for
brines is negligible and a linear relationship can be mixing potassium formate brine, sodium formate
assumed between the density and the ratio of powder, and water at various TCTs. Due to the
potassium formate brine to cesium formate brine. inconsistency in TCT measurements performed
at the various laboratories, these tables are not
To calculate the amount of potassium and cesium reliable. Cabot Specialty Fluids does not provide
formate brine required to formulate a blended brine blending tables for sodium / potassium formate
with a given density, the following relations can be used: brines.
V ER S IO N 3 – 1 1 / 07 SECTION A2 PAGE 3
1 % wt = A × s.g.3 + B × s.g.2 + C × s.g. + D
2 C=AAB×O
% wt ρ 3T+ BS ×PρE2 C
+ CI A× Lρ T+ Y
D F L U I D S FORMAT E T EC HNI C AL MANUA L
3 % wtreq × ρ req ×1000

Vstock( liter ) =
% wtstock × ρ stock
A2.5 Density, compressibility, the field against a PLT log, with a predicted EMW of
4 V water ( liter )and
=1000−thermal
Vstock expansion 2.137 s.g. and matched up nicely with a measured
coefficients for potassium value of 2.136 s.g. The difference between the
5 and
% wtcesium formate brines
req × ρ req × 1000 actual and predicted bottom hole pressure was
Wpowder ( kg) =
and blends
% wtpowder only 2.1 bars / 31 psi in a well with a TVD of 5,505 m /
18,061 ft. The Densicalc software, which is valid for
6 Density, ρ req × 1000− Wpowder
compressibility, and thermal expansion potassium / cesium formate brines in the density
V water ( liter ) =
coefficients haveρ been water measured for nine typical range 1.57 – 2.20 s.g. (13.1 – 18.3 ppg), is available
potassium and cesium formate brines and blends from Cabot Specialty Fluids and can be found on
Vstock Vwater % wtreq % wtstock ρ req ρ stock Wstock
over a wide range of temperatures (4.4 – 204°C / www.Cabot-Corp.com/cesium.
40 –( bbl 400°F) % wtreq × ρ req
7 V stock ) = and pressures (6.9 – 138 MPa / 1,000
– 20,000 psia). % wtstock
The× ρmeasured
stock density, compress- As a rule of thumb:
ibility, and thermal expansion coefficients, are listed
8 V
inwater ( bbl) =111to
Tables − V19,
stock and the measured densities are The density of a formate brine
shown in Figure % wtreq 4× toρ Figure
req × 42
12. at the bottom of an average HPHT well is
9 Wpowder ( lbs) =
% wtpowder about 0.03 s.g. (0.25 ppg) lower than
The testing was carried out at Westport International at the surface.
Inc. [1]. Theρ PVT req × 42 − Wpowder ( lbs)
measurements were run in test
10 Vwater ( bbl) =
equipment consisting ρ water × 42of two cells connected to a
single pump and pressure gauge. The measure- A screen dump of the Densicalc interface is shown
ments
V were made by injecting or
stock Vwater % wtreq % wtstock ρ req
removing
ρ stock Wstock in Figure 1 to illustrate the simple input and output
mercury. The resolution was ±20 psi and ±1°F. fields.
s.g.
Standard
req % wtpowderincluded a W
error detection pycnometer
powder
determination. Figure 1 Densicalc software for calculating surface and down-

11 s.g. CsFo − s.g.req hole pressures. Densicalc is available from Cabot Specialty
V KFo ( liter ) × 1000
The brines s.g. thatCsFowere− s.g. tested
KFo were deionized water, Fluids.
five potassium formate brines covering the density
12 WKFo ( kg) = VKFo × ρ KFo
range 1.10 – 1.58 s.g. (9.2 – 13.2 ppg), two cesium /
potassium formate blends, and a pure cesium
13 s.g. req − s.g. KFo
V CsFo ( liter ) The
formate. = blended potassium × 1000 / cesium formate
s.g.CsFo − s.g. KFo
brines were composed of concentrated potassium
14 W CsFo ( kg) =
formate VCsFo s.g.
(1.57 × ρ CsFo/ 13.1 ppg) and concentrated
cesium formate (2.286 s.g. / 19.06 ppg).
W s.g. ρ V
A2.5.1 Software ρ CsFo − ρ req package Densicalc
15 V KFo ( bbl ) = mentioned PVT data for cesium and
The above ρ CsFo − ρ KFo
potassium formate brines and blends has been
incorporated
W into a custom-built software package,
16 KFo ( lbs) = V KFo × ρ KFo × 42
Densicalc. Densicalc converts the surface density
at any ρ req − ρ KFo to the equivalent density of the
temperature
16 V CsFo ( bbl) =
brine at standard ρ CsFo − ρ conditions
KFo (15.6°C / 60°F). Density of
the brine at standard conditions (15.6°C / 60°F) can
16 W Cs ( lbs
also be) = VCsFo × ρ CsFoby
calculated × 42using the following simplified
equation: A2.5.2 Presmod calculations
16 W ρ V
The measured PVT data has also been incorporated
s.g.( st) = 0.001071 × T + 1.0057723 × s.g.− 0.03 (19) into the hydraulic software program Presmod from
s.g.(st) T s.g. T Scandpower. Presmod covers the whole density
where range from pure water to pure cesium formate
s.g.(st) = specific gravity at standard conditions (2.3 s.g. / 19.2 ppg).
(15.6°C / 60°F)
T = temperature (°C) References
s.g. = measured specific gravity at temperature T [1] “Cabot – Compressibility report”,

report # R-03-144, Westport Technology Center
The software also calculates the average density of International.
the fluid in the wellbore and the hydrostatic
pressure thus generated for any given cesium /
potassium brine. The software has been validated in
PAGE 4 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

SECTION A: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CABO T S P ECIALTY FLUIDS
METRIC
Density vs. concentration 15.6°C
2.4
2.3
Sodium formate
2.2 Potas s ium formate
2.1 C es ium formate
2.0
1.9
Density [g/mL]
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Concentration [% wt]
FIELD
Density vs. concentration 60°F
20
19
Sodium formate
18 Potas s ium formate
C es ium formate
17
16
Density [ppg]
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Concentration [% wt]
Figure 2 Density of sodium, potassium, and cesium formate brines as a function of concentration (% wt) of these salts at 15.6°C / 60°F.
METRIC
Density vs. molar concentration 15.6°C
2.5
2.4
Sodium formate
2.3
Potas s ium formate
2.2 C es ium formate
2.1
2.0
Density [g/mL]
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Concentration [mol/L]
FIELD
Density vs. molar concentration 60˚F
20
19
Sodium formate
18 Potas s ium formate
C es ium formate
17
16
15
Density [ppg]
14
13
12
11
10
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Concentration [mol/L]
Figure 3 Density of sodium, potassium, and cesium formate brines as a function of molar concentration (mol/L) at 15.6°C / 60°F.

Table 1 Metric mixing table for sodium formate from sodium formate powder with a moisture content of 0.3%.
METRIC
Quantities for 1 m3 from
NaFo NaFo NaFo powder (0.3% H2O)
s.g. Powder Water
[% wt] [mol/L] [Mol%] [kg] [Liter]
1.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 1,000.0
1.01 1.6 0.24 0.4 16.7 993.3
1.02 3.3 0.49 0.9 33.3 986.7
1.03 4.8 0.73 1.3 50.0 979.9
1.04 6.4 0.98 1.8 67.0 973.0
1.05 8.0 1.23 2.2 84.0 965.9
1.06 9.5 1.48 2.7 101.2 958.7
1.07 11.1 1.74 3.2 118.6 951.3
1.08 12.6 2.00 3.7 136.1 943.7
1.09 14.1 2.25 4.2 153.8 936.0
1.10 15.6 2.52 4.7 171.6 928.2
1.11 17.0 2.78 5.2 189.6 920.2
1.12 18.5 3.04 5.7 207.7 912.1
1.13 20.0 3.31 6.2 225.9 903.8
1.14 21.4 3.58 6.7 244.3 895.4
1.15 22.8 3.85 7.3 262.9 886.9
1.16 24.2 4.13 7.8 281.5 878.2
1.17 25.6 4.40 8.4 300.3 869.4
1.18 27.0 4.68 8.9 319.3 860.4
1.19 28.4 4.96 9.5 338.3 851.4
1.20 29.7 5.24 10.1 357.5 842.1
1.21 31.1 5.52 10.7 376.9 832.8
1.22 32.4 5.81 11.3 396.3 823.3
1.23 33.7 6.10 11.9 415.9 813.7
1.24 35.1 6.39 12.5 435.6 803.9
1.25 36.4 6.68 13.1 455.5 794.1
1.26 37.7 6.97 13.8 475.5 784.0
1.27 38.9 7.27 14.4 495.6 773.9
1.28 40.2 7.56 15.1 515.9 763.6
1.29 41.5 7.86 15.8 536.2 753.2
1.30 42.7 8.16 16.5 556.8 742.7
1.31 44.0 8.46 17.2 577.4 732.0
1.32 45.2 8.77 17.9 598.2 721.3
1.33 46.5 9.08 18.7 619.1 710.3
1.34 47.7 9.38 19.4 640.1 699.3
1.35 48.9 9.69 20.2 661.3 688.1
1.36 50.1 10.01 21.0 682.6 676.8
Table 2 Field unit mixing table for sodium formate from sodium formate powder with a moisture content of 0.3%.
FIELD
Quantities for 1 bbl from powder
Density NaFo NaFo NaFo (0.3% H2O)
Powder Water
[ppg] [% wt] [mol/L] [Mol%] [lbs] [bbl]
8.34 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 1.000
8.40 1.2 0.18 0.3 4.4 0.995
8.50 3.2 0.48 0.9 11.4 0.987
8.60 5.1 0.77 1.4 18.4 0.979
8.70 7.0 1.07 1.9 25.6 0.971
8.80 8.8 1.37 2.5 32.8 0.962
8.90 10.7 1.67 3.1 40.0 0.953
9.00 12.5 1.98 3.6 47.4 0.944
9.10 14.3 2.29 4.2 54.8 0.935
9.20 16.1 2.61 4.8 62.3 0.926
9.30 17.8 2.92 5.4 69.9 0.916
9.40 19.6 3.24 6.1 77.6 0.906
9.50 21.3 3.57 6.7 85.3 0.896
9.60 23.0 3.89 7.3 93.1 0.886
9.70 24.7 4.22 8.0 100.9 0.875
9.80 26.4 4.55 8.7 108.9 0.865
9.90 28.0 4.89 9.3 116.9 0.854
10.00 29.7 5.22 10.0 124.9 0.843
10.10 31.3 5.56 10.7 133.0 0.832
10.20 32.9 5.91 11.5 141.2 0.820
10.30 34.5 6.25 12.2 149.5 0.809
10.40 36.0 6.60 13.0 157.8 0.797
10.50 37.6 6.95 13.7 166.2 0.785
10.60 39.1 7.31 14.5 174.7 0.773
10.70 40.6 7.66 15.3 183.2 0.760
10.80 42.2 8.02 16.2 191.8 0.748
10.90 43.7 8.38 17.0 200.5 0.735
11.00 45.1 8.75 17.9 209.2 0.722
11.10 46.6 9.12 18.8 218.0 0.709
11.20 48.1 9.49 19.7 226.8 0.696
11.30 49.5 9.86 20.6 235.8 0.682
11.40 51.0 10.24 21.6 244.8 0.668
11.50 52.4 10.62 22.6 253.8 0.655

Table 3 Metric mixing table for potassium formate from standard brine stock (1.57 s.g.), a diluted potassium formate brine stock
(1.54 s.g.), and potassium formate powder with water content of 0.3%.
METRIC
Quantities for 1 m3 Quantities for 1 m3 Quantities for 1 m3 from
KFo Conc. KFo from 1.57 s.g. stock from 1.54 s.g. stock powder (0.3% H2O)
s.g. Brine Water Brine Water Powder Water
[% wt] [mol/L] [Mol%] [Liter] [Liter] [Liter] [Liter] [kg] [Liter]
1.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000.0 0.0 1,000.0 0.0 1,000.0
1.01 1.7 0.2 0.4 14.9 985.1 15.9 984.1 17.6 992.3
1.02 3.5 0.4 0.8 30.0 970.0 31.8 968.2 35.4 984.6
1.03 5.2 0.6 1.2 45.1 954.9 47.9 952.1 53.3 976.7
1.04 6.8 0.8 1.5 60.4 939.6 64.1 935.9 71.3 968.6
1.05 8.5 1.1 2.0 75.8 924.2 80.5 919.5 89.5 960.4
1.06 10.2 1.3 2.4 91.3 908.7 97.0 903.0 107.8 952.1
1.07 11.8 1.5 2.8 107.0 893.0 113.6 886.4 126.3 943.6
1.08 13.4 1.7 3.2 122.8 877.2 130.4 869.6 144.9 934.9
1.09 15.0 1.9 3.6 138.6 861.4 147.2 852.8 163.7 926.2
1.10 16.6 2.2 4.1 154.6 845.4 164.2 835.8 182.6 917.3
1.11 18.1 2.4 4.5 170.8 829.2 181.3 818.7 201.6 908.2
1.12 19.7 2.6 5.0 187.0 813.0 198.5 801.5 220.7 899.1
1.13 21.2 2.8 5.4 203.3 796.7 215.9 784.1 240.0 889.8
1.14 22.7 3.1 5.9 219.7 780.3 233.3 766.7 259.4 880.4
1.15 24.2 3.3 6.4 236.3 763.7 250.9 749.1 278.9 870.8
1.16 25.7 3.5 6.9 252.9 747.1 268.5 731.5 298.5 861.2
1.17 27.1 3.8 7.4 269.6 730.4 286.3 713.7 318.3 851.4
1.18 28.6 4.0 7.9 286.4 713.6 304.2 695.8 338.1 841.5
1.19 30.0 4.2 8.4 303.4 696.6 322.1 677.9 358.1 831.5
1.20 31.5 4.5 8.9 320.4 679.6 340.2 659.8 378.2 821.5
1.21 32.9 4.7 9.5 337.4 662.6 358.3 641.7 398.4 811.3
1.22 34.2 5.0 10.0 354.6 645.4 376.6 623.4 418.6 801.0
1.23 35.6 5.2 10.6 371.9 628.1 394.9 605.1 439.0 790.6
1.24 37.0 5.4 11.2 389.2 610.8 413.3 586.7 459.5 780.1
1.25 38.3 5.7 11.7 406.7 593.3 431.8 568.2 480.1 769.5
1.26 39.7 5.9 12.3 424.2 575.8 450.4 549.6 500.7 758.8
1.27 41.0 6.2 12.9 441.7 558.3 469.1 530.9 521.5 748.0
1.28 42.3 6.4 13.6 459.4 540.6 487.8 512.2 542.3 737.1
1.29 43.6 6.7 14.2 477.1 522.9 506.7 493.3 563.3 726.2
1.30 44.9 6.9 14.8 494.9 505.1 525.6 474.4 584.3 715.1
1.31 46.1 7.2 15.5 512.8 487.2 544.5 455.5 605.4 704.0
1.32 47.4 7.4 16.2 530.8 469.2 563.6 436.4 626.6 692.8
1.33 48.6 7.7 16.8 548.8 451.2 582.7 417.3 647.9 681.5
1.34 49.8 7.9 17.5 566.9 433.1 602.0 398.0 669.2 670.1
1.35 51.1 8.2 18.2 585.0 415.0 621.2 378.8 690.6 658.7
1.36 52.3 8.4 19.0 603.3 396.7 640.6 359.4 712.2 647.2
1.37 53.4 8.7 19.7 621.5 378.5 660.0 340.0 733.7 635.6
1.38 54.6 9.0 20.5 639.9 360.1 679.5 320.5 755.4 623.9
1.39 55.8 9.2 21.3 658.3 341.7 699.0 301.0 777.1 612.1
1.40 57.0 9.5 22.1 676.8 323.2 718.7 281.3 799.0 600.3
1.41 58.1 9.7 22.9 695.3 304.7 738.3 261.7 820.8 588.4
1.42 59.2 10.0 23.7 713.9 286.1 758.1 241.9 842.8 576.4
1.43 60.4 10.3 24.6 732.6 267.4 777.9 222.1 864.8 564.3
1.44 61.5 10.5 25.4 751.3 248.7 797.8 202.2 886.9 552.2
1.45 62.6 10.8 26.3 770.1 229.9 817.7 182.3 909.1 540.0
1.46 63.7 11.0 27.3 788.9 211.1 837.7 162.3 931.3 527.8
1.47 64.7 11.3 28.2 807.8 192.2 857.8 142.2 953.6 515.4
1.48 65.8 11.6 29.2 826.8 173.2 877.9 122.1 976.0 503.0
1.49 66.9 11.8 30.2 845.8 154.2 898.1 101.9 998.5 490.6
1.50 67.9 12.1 31.2 864.9 135.1 918.4 81.6 1,021.0 478.0
1.51 69.0 12.4 32.2 884.0 116.0 938.7 61.3 1,043.6 465.4
1.52 70.0 12.6 33.3 903.2 96.8 959.1 40.9 1,066.2 452.7
1.53 71.0 12.9 34.4 922.4 77.6 979.5 20.5 1,088.9 440.0
1.54 72.0 13.2 35.5 941.7 58.3 1,000.0 0.0 1,111.7 427.2
1.55 73.1 13.4 36.7 961.1 38.9 1,134.6 414.3
1.56 74.0 13.7 37.9 980.5 19.5 1,157.5 401.4
1.57 75.0 14.0 39.1 1,000.0 0.0 1,180.5 388.3
1.58 76.0 14.3 40.4 1,203.6 375.3
1.59 77.0 14.5 41.7 1,226.7 362.1
1.60 78.0 14.8 43.1 1,249.9 348.9
Table 4 Field unit mixing table for potassium formate from standard brine stock (13.09 ppg), a diluted brine stock (12.84 ppg), and
potassium formate powder with water content of 0.3%.
FIELD
Quantities for 1 bbl from Quantities for 1 bbl from Quantities for 1 bbl
Density KFo KFo KFo 13.09 ppg stock brine 12.84 ppg stock brine from powder (0.3%H2O)
Brine Water Brine Water Powder Water
[ppg] [% wt] [mol/L] [mol%] [bbl] [bbl] [bbl] [bbl] [lbs] [bbl]
8.34 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.0 1.000
8.40 1.3 0.2 0.3 0.011 0.989 0.012 0.988 4.6 0.994
8.50 3.4 0.4 0.7 0.029 0.971 0.031 0.969 12.1 0.985
8.60 5.4 0.7 1.2 0.047 0.953 0.050 0.950 19.6 0.976
8.70 7.4 0.9 1.7 0.066 0.934 0.070 0.930 27.2 0.966
8.80 9.4 1.2 2.2 0.084 0.916 0.090 0.910 34.9 0.956
8.90 11.4 1.4 2.7 0.103 0.897 0.109 0.891 42.6 0.946
9.00 13.3 1.7 3.2 0.122 0.878 0.129 0.871 50.5 0.936
9.10 15.2 2.0 3.7 0.141 0.859 0.150 0.850 58.3 0.925
9.20 17.1 2.2 4.2 0.160 0.840 0.170 0.830 66.3 0.914
9.30 19.0 2.5 4.8 0.180 0.820 0.191 0.809 74.3 0.903
9.40 20.8 2.8 5.3 0.199 0.801 0.211 0.789 82.4 0.892
9.50 22.6 3.1 5.9 0.219 0.781 0.232 0.768 90.5 0.881
9.60 24.4 3.3 6.5 0.239 0.761 0.253 0.747 98.7 0.870
9.70 26.2 3.6 7.1 0.259 0.741 0.275 0.725 107.0 0.858
9.80 27.9 3.9 7.7 0.279 0.721 0.296 0.704 115.3 0.846
9.90 29.7 4.2 8.3 0.299 0.701 0.317 0.683 123.7 0.834
10.00 31.4 4.5 8.9 0.319 0.681 0.339 0.661 132.1 0.822
10.10 33.1 4.8 9.6 0.340 0.660 0.361 0.639 140.6 0.810
10.20 34.7 5.0 10.2 0.360 0.640 0.383 0.617 149.2 0.798
10.30 36.4 5.3 10.9 0.381 0.619 0.405 0.595 157.7 0.785
10.40 38.0 5.6 11.6 0.402 0.598 0.427 0.573 166.4 0.772
10.50 39.6 5.9 12.3 0.423 0.577 0.449 0.551 175.1 0.760
10.60 41.2 6.2 13.0 0.444 0.556 0.472 0.528 183.8 0.747
10.70 42.7 6.5 13.8 0.465 0.535 0.494 0.506 192.6 0.734
10.80 44.3 6.8 14.5 0.487 0.513 0.517 0.483 201.4 0.720
10.90 45.8 7.1 15.3 0.508 0.492 0.540 0.460 210.2 0.707
11.00 47.3 7.4 16.1 0.530 0.470 0.562 0.438 219.1 0.694
11.10 48.8 7.7 16.9 0.551 0.449 0.585 0.415 228.1 0.680
11.20 50.2 8.0 17.8 0.573 0.427 0.608 0.392 237.1 0.666
11.30 51.7 8.3 18.6 0.595 0.405 0.632 0.368 246.1 0.653
11.40 53.1 8.6 19.5 0.617 0.383 0.655 0.345 255.2 0.639
11.50 54.5 8.9 20.4 0.639 0.361 0.678 0.322 264.3 0.625
11.60 55.9 9.2 21.4 0.661 0.339 0.702 0.298 273.4 0.611
11.70 57.3 9.6 22.3 0.683 0.317 0.725 0.275 282.6 0.596
11.80 58.7 9.9 23.3 0.705 0.295 0.749 0.251 291.8 0.582
11.90 60.1 10.2 24.3 0.728 0.272 0.773 0.227 301.0 0.568
12.00 61.4 10.5 25.4 0.750 0.250 0.796 0.204 310.3 0.553
12.10 62.7 10.8 26.5 0.773 0.227 0.820 0.180 319.7 0.539
12.20 64.0 11.1 27.6 0.795 0.205 0.844 0.156 329.0 0.524
12.30 65.3 11.4 28.7 0.818 0.182 0.868 0.132 338.4 0.509
12.40 66.6 11.8 29.9 0.841 0.159 0.893 0.107 347.8 0.494
12.50 67.9 12.1 31.1 0.863 0.137 0.917 0.083 357.3 0.479
12.60 69.1 12.4 32.4 0.886 0.114 0.941 0.059 366.8 0.464
12.70 70.3 12.7 33.7 0.909 0.091 0.966 0.034 376.3 0.449
12.80 71.6 13.0 35.0 0.933 0.067 0.990 0.010 385.9 0.433
12.84 72.0 13.2 35.5 0.942 0.058 1.000 0.000
12.90 72.8 13.4 36.4 0.956 0.044 395.5 0.418
13.00 74.0 13.7 37.8 0.979 0.021 405.1 0.402
13.09 75.0 14.0 39.1 1.000 0.000
13.10 75.2 14.0 39.3 414.8 0.387
13.20 76.3 14.4 40.8 424.5 0.371
13.30 77.5 14.7 42.4 434.2 0.355

Table 5 Metric mixing table for cesium formate from 2.20 s.g. cesium formate brine stock and cesium formate powder with a moisture
content of 0.15%.
METRIC
Quantities for 1 m3 from 2.20 Quantities for 1 m3 from CsFo
CsFo CsFo CsFo s.g. stock brine powder (0.15% H2O)
s.g. Brine Water Powder Water
[% wt] [mol/L] [mol%] [Liter] [Liter] [kg] [Liter]
1.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000.0 0.0 1,000.0
1.02 2.5 0.1 0.3 14.7 985.3 25.8 994.2
1.04 5.1 0.3 0.5 30.1 969.9 52.8 987.2
1.06 7.6 0.4 0.8 45.6 954.4 80.1 979.8
1.08 10.0 0.6 1.1 61.3 938.7 107.7 972.2
1.10 12.3 0.8 1.4 77.2 922.8 135.6 964.3
1.12 14.6 0.9 1.7 93.2 906.8 163.7 956.1
1.14 16.8 1.1 2.0 109.4 890.6 192.1 947.7
1.16 19.0 1.2 2.3 125.7 874.3 220.7 939.1
1.18 21.1 1.4 2.6 142.1 857.9 249.5 930.2
1.20 23.2 1.6 3.0 158.6 841.4 278.5 921.2
1.22 25.2 1.7 3.3 175.2 824.8 307.6 912.1
1.24 27.2 1.9 3.6 191.9 808.1 336.9 902.8
1.26 29.1 2.1 4.0 208.6 791.4 366.3 893.4
1.28 30.9 2.2 4.3 225.4 774.6 395.8 883.9
1.30 32.7 2.4 4.7 242.2 757.8 425.3 874.3
1.32 34.4 2.6 5.1 259.1 740.9 455.0 864.6
1.34 36.1 2.7 5.4 276.0 724.0 484.6 854.9
1.36 37.8 2.9 5.8 292.9 707.1 514.4 845.1
1.38 39.4 3.1 6.2 309.9 690.1 544.1 835.4
1.40 41.0 3.2 6.6 326.8 673.2 573.9 825.6
1.42 42.5 3.4 7.0 343.8 656.2 603.7 815.8
1.44 44.0 3.6 7.4 360.7 639.3 633.4 806.0
1.46 45.4 3.7 7.8 377.7 622.3 663.2 796.2
1.48 46.8 3.9 8.2 394.6 605.4 692.9 786.4
1.50 48.1 4.1 8.6 411.5 588.5 722.6 776.7
1.52 49.5 4.2 9.0 428.4 571.6 752.3 767.0
1.54 50.7 4.4 9.4 445.3 554.7 781.9 757.3
1.56 52.0 4.6 9.9 462.1 537.9 811.5 747.7
1.58 53.2 4.7 10.3 478.9 521.1 841.0 738.1
1.60 54.4 4.9 10.8 495.7 504.3 870.5 728.6
1.62 55.5 5.1 11.2 512.5 487.5 900.0 719.2
1.64 56.6 5.2 11.7 529.2 470.8 929.3 709.8
1.66 57.7 5.4 12.1 545.9 454.1 958.7 700.4
1.68 58.8 5.5 12.6 562.6 437.4 987.9 691.1
1.70 59.8 5.7 13.1 579.2 420.8 1,017.2 681.9
1.72 60.8 5.9 13.6 595.9 404.1 1,046.3 672.6
1.74 61.8 6.0 14.1 612.5 387.5 1,075.5 663.5
1.76 62.7 6.2 14.6 629.0 371.0 1,104.6 654.4
1.78 63.7 6.4 15.1 645.6 354.4 1,133.6 645.3
1.80 64.6 6.5 15.6 662.1 337.9 1,162.7 636.2
1.82 65.4 6.7 16.1 678.6 321.4 1,191.7 627.2
1.84 66.3 6.9 16.6 695.2 304.8 1,220.7 618.1
1.86 67.2 7.0 17.2 711.7 288.3 1,249.7 609.1
1.88 68.0 7.2 17.7 728.2 271.8 1,278.7 600.0
1.90 68.8 7.3 18.3 744.7 255.3 1,307.8 591.0
1.92 69.6 7.5 18.8 761.3 238.7 1,336.8 581.9
1.94 70.4 7.7 19.4 777.9 222.1 1,365.9 572.7
1.96 71.1 7.8 20.0 794.5 205.5 1,395.1 563.5
1.98 71.9 8.0 20.6 811.1 188.9 1,424.4 554.3
2.00 72.6 8.2 21.2 827.8 172.2 1,453.7 544.9
2.02 73.4 8.3 21.8 844.6 155.4 1,483.1 535.4
2.04 74.1 8.5 22.5 861.4 138.6 1,512.7 525.9
2.06 74.8 8.7 23.1 878.3 121.7 1,542.4 516.1
2.08 75.5 8.8 23.8 895.4 104.6 1,572.3 506.2
2.10 76.3 9.0 24.5 912.5 87.5 1,602.3 496.2
2.12 77.0 9.2 25.3 929.7 70.3 1,632.6 485.9
2.14 77.7 9.3 26.1 947.0 53.0 1,663.0 475.4
2.16 78.4 9.5 26.8 964.5 35.5 1,693.7 464.6
2.18 79.1 9.7 27.7 982.2 17.8 1,724.7 453.6
2.20 79.8 9.9 28.5 1,000.0 0.0 1,756.0 442.3
2.22 80.5 10.0 29.5 1,787.6 430.7
2.24 81.2 10.2 30.4 1,819.6 418.7
2.26 81.9 10.4 31.4 1,851.9 406.3
2.28 82.6 10.6 32.5 1,884.6 393.6
V ER 2.30
S IO N 3 – 1 1 / 0 783.3 10.8 33.6 S E C T I O N A1,917.8
2 P A G E 1380.4
1
Table 6 Field unit mixing table for cesium formate from standard 18.34 ppg cesium formate brine stock and cesium formate powder
with a moisture content of 0.15%.
FIELD
Quantities for 1 bbl from 18.34 Quantities for 1 bbl from
Density CsFo CsFo CsFo ppg (2.20 s.g.) stock brine powder (0.15%H2O)
[ppg] Brine Water Powder Water
[% wt] [mol/L] [Mol%] [bbl] [bbl] [lbs] [bbl]
8.34 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 1.000 0.0 1.000
8.40 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.005 0.995 3.2 0.998
8.60 4.0 0.2 0.4 0.024 0.976 14.5 0.990
8.80 7.0 0.4 0.8 0.042 0.958 25.9 0.982
9.00 9.9 0.6 1.1 0.061 0.939 37.5 0.972
9.20 12.7 0.8 1.5 0.080 0.920 49.3 0.963
9.40 15.4 1.0 1.8 0.099 0.901 61.2 0.953
9.60 18.1 1.2 2.2 0.119 0.881 73.2 0.943
9.80 20.7 1.4 2.6 0.138 0.862 85.3 0.932
10.00 23.1 1.6 3.0 0.158 0.842 97.5 0.921
10.20 25.5 1.8 3.4 0.178 0.822 109.7 0.910
10.40 27.9 2.0 3.8 0.198 0.802 122.1 0.899
10.60 30.1 2.1 4.2 0.218 0.782 134.5 0.888
10.80 32.3 2.3 4.6 0.238 0.762 146.9 0.876
11.00 34.4 2.5 5.0 0.259 0.741 159.4 0.864
11.20 36.4 2.7 5.5 0.279 0.721 171.9 0.853
11.40 38.4 2.9 5.9 0.299 0.701 184.4 0.841
11.60 40.3 3.1 6.4 0.319 0.681 196.9 0.829
11.80 42.1 3.3 6.9 0.340 0.660 209.5 0.817
12.00 43.9 3.5 7.3 0.360 0.640 222.0 0.805
12.20 45.6 3.7 7.8 0.380 0.620 234.5 0.794
12.40 47.3 3.9 8.3 0.401 0.599 247.0 0.782
12.60 48.9 4.1 8.8 0.421 0.579 259.5 0.770
12.80 50.4 4.3 9.3 0.441 0.559 272.0 0.759
13.00 51.9 4.5 9.9 0.461 0.539 284.5 0.747
13.20 53.4 4.7 10.4 0.482 0.518 296.9 0.735
13.40 54.8 4.9 10.9 0.502 0.498 309.3 0.724
13.60 56.2 5.1 11.5 0.522 0.478 321.7 0.713
13.80 57.5 5.3 12.0 0.542 0.458 334.1 0.701
14.00 58.7 5.5 12.6 0.562 0.438 346.4 0.690
14.20 60.0 5.7 13.2 0.582 0.418 358.7 0.679
14.40 61.2 5.9 13.8 0.602 0.398 371.0 0.668
14.60 62.3 6.1 14.3 0.622 0.378 383.2 0.657
14.80 63.4 6.3 14.9 0.642 0.358 395.5 0.646
15.00 64.5 6.5 15.6 0.661 0.339 407.7 0.635
15.20 65.6 6.7 16.2 0.681 0.319 419.9 0.624
15.40 66.6 6.9 16.8 0.701 0.299 432.1 0.613
15.60 67.6 7.1 17.5 0.721 0.279 444.3 0.602
15.80 68.6 7.3 18.1 0.741 0.259 456.6 0.591
16.00 69.6 7.5 18.8 0.761 0.239 468.8 0.580
16.20 70.5 7.7 19.5 0.780 0.220 481.1 0.569
16.40 71.4 7.9 20.2 0.800 0.200 493.3 0.558
16.60 72.3 8.1 20.9 0.820 0.180 505.7 0.547
16.80 73.2 8.3 21.7 0.840 0.160 518.1 0.536
17.00 74.1 8.5 22.4 0.861 0.139 530.5 0.524
17.20 74.9 8.7 23.2 0.881 0.119 543.0 0.512
17.40 75.8 8.9 24.1 0.901 0.099 555.6 0.500
17.60 76.6 9.1 24.9 0.922 0.078 568.3 0.488
17.80 77.5 9.3 25.9 0.943 0.057 581.1 0.476
18.00 78.3 9.5 26.8 0.964 0.036 594.0 0.463
18.20 79.2 9.7 27.8 0.985 0.015 607.0 0.449
18.34 79.8 9.9 28.5 1.000 0.000 616.3 0.440
18.40 80.0 9.9 28.9 620.3 0.436
18.60 80.9 10.1 30.0 633.6 0.422
18.80 81.7 10.3 31.2 647.2 0.407
19.00 82.6 10.6 32.4 660.9 0.391
19.20 83.4 10.8 33.8 674.9 0.376
19.40 84.3 11.0 35.3 689.1 0.359

Table 7 Metric blending table for a standard potassium / cesium formate blend, composed of 1.57 s.g. potassium formate and
2.20 s.g. cesium formate.
METRIC
Quantities for 1 m3 brine
KFo CsFo Formate
KFo CsFo H2O KFo CsFo
s.g. brine brine (HCOO-) 1.57 s.g. 2.20 s.g.
Conc.
[% wt] [% wt] [% wt] [% wt] [% wt] [mol/L] [Liter] [Liter]
1.57 100.00 0.00 75.0 0.0 25.0 13.99 1,000.0 0.0
1.58 97.79 2.21 73.4 1.8 24.9 13.90 984.1 15.9
1.59 95.61 4.39 71.7 3.5 24.8 13.81 968.3 31.7
1.60 93.45 6.55 70.1 5.2 24.7 13.72 952.4 47.6
1.61 91.32 8.68 68.5 6.9 24.6 13.63 936.5 63.5
1.62 89.22 10.78 67.0 8.6 24.5 13.55 920.6 79.4
1.63 87.15 12.85 65.4 10.3 24.4 13.46 904.8 95.2
1.64 85.09 14.91 63.9 11.9 24.3 13.38 888.9 111.1
1.65 83.07 16.93 62.3 13.5 24.2 13.29 873.0 127.0
1.66 81.07 18.93 60.8 15.1 24.1 13.21 857.1 142.9
1.67 79.09 20.91 59.3 16.7 24.0 13.13 841.3 158.7
1.68 77.14 22.86 57.9 18.2 23.9 13.05 825.4 174.6
1.69 75.20 24.80 56.4 19.8 23.8 12.97 809.5 190.5
1.70 73.30 26.70 55.0 21.3 23.7 12.89 793.7 206.3
1.71 71.41 28.59 53.6 22.8 23.6 12.81 777.8 222.2
1.72 69.55 30.45 52.2 24.3 23.5 12.73 761.9 238.1
1.73 67.70 32.30 50.8 25.8 23.4 12.66 746.0 254.0
1.74 65.88 34.12 49.4 27.2 23.3 12.58 730.2 269.8
1.75 64.08 35.92 48.1 28.7 23.3 12.51 714.3 285.7
1.76 62.30 37.70 46.8 30.1 23.2 12.43 698.4 301.6
1.77 60.54 39.46 45.4 31.5 23.1 12.36 682.5 317.5
1.78 58.80 41.20 44.1 32.9 23.0 12.29 666.7 333.3
1.79 57.08 42.92 42.8 34.2 22.9 12.22 650.8 349.2
1.80 55.38 44.62 41.6 35.6 22.8 12.15 634.9 365.1
1.81 53.70 46.30 40.3 36.9 22.8 12.08 619.0 381.0
1.82 52.03 47.97 39.0 38.3 22.7 12.01 603.2 396.8
1.83 50.39 49.61 37.8 39.6 22.6 11.94 587.3 412.7
1.84 48.76 51.24 36.6 40.9 22.5 11.87 571.4 428.6
1.85 47.15 52.85 35.4 42.2 22.5 11.81 555.6 444.4
1.86 45.55 54.45 34.2 43.4 22.4 11.74 539.7 460.3
1.87 43.98 56.02 33.0 44.7 22.3 11.67 523.8 476.2
1.88 42.42 57.58 31.8 45.9 22.2 11.61 507.9 492.1
1.89 40.88 59.12 30.7 47.2 22.2 11.55 492.1 507.9
1.90 39.35 60.65 29.5 48.4 22.1 11.48 476.2 523.8
1.91 37.84 62.16 28.4 49.6 22.0 11.42 460.3 539.7
1.92 36.34 63.66 27.3 50.8 21.9 11.36 444.4 555.6
1.93 34.86 65.14 26.2 52.0 21.9 11.30 428.6 571.4
1.94 33.40 66.60 25.1 53.1 21.8 11.24 412.7 587.3
1.95 31.95 68.05 24.0 54.3 21.7 11.18 396.8 603.2
1.96 30.52 69.48 22.9 55.4 21.7 11.12 381.0 619.0
1.97 29.10 70.90 21.8 56.6 21.6 11.06 365.1 634.9
1.98 27.69 72.31 20.8 57.7 21.5 11.00 349.2 650.8
1.99 26.30 73.70 19.7 58.8 21.5 10.94 333.3 666.7
2.00 24.92 75.08 18.7 59.9 21.4 10.89 317.5 682.5
2.01 23.56 76.44 17.7 61.0 21.3 10.83 301.6 698.4
2.02 22.21 77.79 16.7 62.1 21.3 10.77 285.7 714.3
2.03 20.87 79.13 15.7 63.1 21.2 10.72 269.8 730.2
2.04 19.55 80.45 14.7 64.2 21.1 10.66 254.0 746.0
2.05 18.23 81.77 13.7 65.2 21.1 10.61 238.1 761.9
2.06 16.94 83.06 12.7 66.3 21.0 10.56 222.2 777.8
2.07 15.65 84.35 11.7 67.3 21.0 10.50 206.3 793.7
2.08 14.38 85.62 10.8 68.3 20.9 10.45 190.5 809.5
2.09 13.12 86.88 9.8 69.3 20.8 10.40 174.6 825.4
2.10 11.87 88.13 8.9 70.3 20.8 10.35 158.7 841.3
2.11 10.63 89.37 8.0 71.3 20.7 10.29 142.9 857.1
2.12 9.40 90.60 7.1 72.3 20.7 10.24 127.0 873.0
2.13 8.19 91.81 6.1 73.2 20.6 10.19 111.1 888.9
2.14 6.99 93.01 5.2 74.2 20.6 10.14 95.2 904.8
2.15 5.80 94.20 4.3 75.2 20.5 10.09 79.4 920.6
2.16 4.61 95.39 3.5 76.1 20.4 10.05 63.5 936.5
2.17 3.45 96.55 2.6 77.0 20.4 10.00 47.6 952.4
2.18 2.29 97.71 1.7 78.0 20.3 9.95 31.7 968.3
2.19 1.14 98.86 0.9 78.9 20.3 9.90 15.9 984.1
2.20 0.00 100.00 0.0 79.8 20.2 9.85 0.0 1,000.0
Table 8 Field unit blending table for a standard potassium / cesium formate blend, composed of 13.090 ppg (1.57 s.g.) potassium
formate and 18.342 ppg (2.20 s.g.) cesium formate.
FIELD
Formate Quantities for 1 bbl brine
Density KFo brine CsFo brine KFo CsFo H2O (HCOO-) KFo CsFo
Conc. 13.084 ppg 18.342 ppg
[ppg] [% wt] [% wt] [% wt] [% wt] [% wt] [mol/L] [bbl] [bbl]
13.090 100.00 0.00 75.0 0.0 25.0 13.99 1.000 0.000
13.1 99.73 0.27 74.8 0.2 24.9 13.98 0.998 0.002
13.2 97.08 2.92 72.8 2.3 24.8 13.87 0.979 0.021
13.3 94.48 5.52 70.9 4.4 24.7 13.76 0.960 0.040
13.4 91.91 8.09 69.0 6.5 24.6 13.66 0.941 0.059
13.5 89.39 10.61 67.1 8.5 24.5 13.55 0.922 0.078
13.6 86.90 13.10 65.2 10.5 24.3 13.45 0.903 0.097
13.7 84.44 15.56 63.4 12.4 24.2 13.35 0.884 0.116
13.8 82.03 17.97 61.6 14.3 24.1 13.25 0.865 0.135
13.9 79.64 20.36 59.8 16.2 24.0 13.15 0.846 0.154
14.0 77.29 22.71 58.0 18.1 23.9 13.05 0.827 0.173
14.1 74.98 25.02 56.3 20.0 23.8 12.96 0.808 0.192
14.2 72.70 27.30 54.6 21.8 23.7 12.86 0.789 0.211
14.3 70.44 29.56 52.9 23.6 23.6 12.77 0.770 0.230
14.4 68.23 31.77 51.2 25.3 23.5 12.68 0.751 0.249
14.5 66.04 33.96 49.6 27.1 23.4 12.59 0.732 0.268
14.6 63.88 36.12 47.9 28.8 23.2 12.50 0.713 0.288
14.7 61.75 38.25 46.3 30.5 23.1 12.41 0.693 0.307
14.8 59.65 40.35 44.8 32.2 23.0 12.32 0.674 0.326
14.9 57.57 42.43 43.2 33.8 23.0 12.24 0.655 0.345
15.0 55.53 44.47 41.7 35.5 22.9 12.15 0.636 0.364
15.1 53.51 46.49 40.2 37.1 22.8 12.07 0.617 0.383
15.2 51.52 48.48 38.7 38.7 22.7 11.99 0.598 0.402
15.3 49.55 50.45 37.2 40.2 22.6 11.91 0.579 0.421
15.4 47.61 52.39 35.7 41.8 22.5 11.83 0.560 0.440
15.5 45.70 54.30 34.3 43.3 22.4 11.75 0.541 0.459
15.6 43.81 56.19 32.9 44.8 22.3 11.67 0.522 0.478
15.7 41.94 58.06 31.5 46.3 22.2 11.59 0.503 0.497
15.8 40.10 59.90 30.1 47.8 22.1 11.51 0.484 0.516
15.9 38.28 61.72 28.7 49.2 22.0 11.44 0.465 0.535
16.0 36.48 63.52 27.4 50.7 22.0 11.36 0.446 0.554
16.1 34.71 65.29 26.0 52.1 21.9 11.29 0.427 0.573
16.2 32.95 67.05 24.7 53.5 21.8 11.22 0.408 0.592
16.3 31.22 68.78 23.4 54.9 21.7 11.15 0.389 0.611
16.4 29.51 70.49 22.1 56.2 21.6 11.08 0.370 0.630
16.5 27.82 72.18 20.9 57.6 21.5 11.01 0.351 0.649
16.6 26.16 73.84 19.6 58.9 21.5 10.94 0.332 0.668
16.7 24.51 75.49 18.4 60.2 21.4 10.87 0.313 0.687
16.8 22.88 77.12 17.2 61.5 21.3 10.80 0.294 0.706
16.9 21.27 78.73 16.0 62.8 21.2 10.73 0.275 0.725
17.0 19.68 80.32 14.8 64.1 21.2 10.67 0.256 0.744
17.1 18.10 81.90 13.6 65.3 21.1 10.60 0.237 0.763
17.2 16.55 83.45 12.4 66.6 21.0 10.54 0.217 0.783
17.3 15.01 84.99 11.3 67.8 20.9 10.48 0.198 0.802
17.4 13.50 86.50 10.1 69.0 20.9 10.41 0.179 0.821
17.5 11.99 88.01 9.0 70.2 20.8 10.35 0.160 0.840
17.6 10.51 89.49 7.9 71.4 20.7 10.29 0.141 0.859
17.7 9.04 90.96 6.8 72.6 20.7 10.23 0.122 0.878
17.8 7.59 92.41 5.7 73.7 20.6 10.17 0.103 0.897
17.9 6.16 93.84 4.6 74.9 20.5 10.11 0.084 0.916
18.0 4.74 95.26 3.6 76.0 20.4 10.05 0.065 0.935
18.1 3.34 96.66 2.5 77.1 20.4 9.99 0.046 0.954
18.2 1.95 98.05 1.5 78.2 20.3 9.94 0.027 0.973
18.3 0.58 99.42 0.4 79.3 20.3 9.88 0.008 0.992
18.342 0.00 100.00 0.0 79.8 20.2 9.85 0.000 1.000

Table 9 Metric blending table for a diluted potassium / cesium formate blend, composed of 1.54 s.g. potassium formate and 2.20 s.g.
cesium formate.
METRIC
Formate Quantities for 1 m3 brine
KFo brine CsFo brine KFo CsFo H2O (HCOO-) KFo CsFo
s.g. Conc. 1.54 s.g. 2.20 s.g.
[%wt] [% wt] [% wt] [% wt] [% wt] [mol/L] [Liter] [Liter]
1.54 100.00 0.00 72.0 0.0 28.0 13.18 1,000.0 0.0
1.55 97.85 2.15 70.5 1.7 27.8 13.11 984.8 15.2
1.56 95.73 4.27 69.0 3.4 27.6 13.03 969.7 30.3
1.57 93.63 6.37 67.5 5.1 27.5 12.96 954.5 45.5
1.58 91.56 8.44 66.0 6.7 27.3 12.90 939.4 60.6
1.59 89.52 10.48 64.5 8.4 27.1 12.83 924.2 75.8
1.60 87.50 12.50 63.0 10.0 27.0 12.76 909.1 90.9
1.61 85.51 14.49 61.6 11.6 26.8 12.70 893.9 106.1
1.62 83.54 16.46 60.2 13.1 26.7 12.63 878.8 121.2
1.63 81.60 18.40 58.8 14.7 26.5 12.57 863.6 136.4
1.64 79.67 20.33 57.4 16.2 26.4 12.50 848.5 151.5
1.65 77.78 22.22 56.0 17.7 26.2 12.44 833.3 166.7
1.66 75.90 24.10 54.7 19.2 26.1 12.38 818.2 181.8
1.67 74.05 25.95 53.3 20.7 26.0 12.31 803.0 197.0
1.68 72.22 27.78 52.0 22.2 25.8 12.25 787.9 212.1
1.69 70.41 29.59 50.7 23.6 25.7 12.19 772.7 227.3
1.70 68.63 31.37 49.4 25.0 25.5 12.13 757.6 242.4
1.71 66.86 33.14 48.2 26.4 25.4 12.08 742.4 257.6
1.72 65.12 34.88 46.9 27.8 25.3 12.02 727.3 272.7
1.73 63.39 36.61 45.7 29.2 25.1 11.96 712.1 287.9
1.74 61.69 38.31 44.4 30.6 25.0 11.90 697.0 303.0
1.75 60.00 40.00 43.2 31.9 24.9 11.85 681.8 318.2
1.76 58.33 41.67 42.0 33.2 24.7 11.79 666.7 333.3
1.77 56.69 43.31 40.8 34.6 24.6 11.74 651.5 348.5
1.78 55.06 44.94 39.7 35.9 24.5 11.68 636.4 363.6
1.79 53.45 46.55 38.5 37.1 24.4 11.63 621.2 378.8
1.80 51.85 48.15 37.4 38.4 24.2 11.58 606.1 393.9
1.81 50.28 49.72 36.2 39.7 24.1 11.52 590.9 409.1
1.82 48.72 51.28 35.1 40.9 24.0 11.47 575.8 424.2
1.83 47.18 52.82 34.0 42.1 23.9 11.42 560.6 439.4
1.84 45.65 54.35 32.9 43.4 23.8 11.37 545.5 454.5
1.85 44.14 55.86 31.8 44.6 23.6 11.32 530.3 469.7
1.86 42.65 57.35 30.7 45.7 23.5 11.27 515.2 484.8
1.87 41.18 58.82 29.7 46.9 23.4 11.22 500.0 500.0
1.88 39.72 60.28 28.6 48.1 23.3 11.17 484.8 515.2
1.89 38.27 61.73 27.6 49.2 23.2 11.13 469.7 530.3
1.90 36.84 63.16 26.5 50.4 23.1 11.08 454.5 545.5
1.91 35.43 64.57 25.5 51.5 23.0 11.03 439.4 560.6
1.92 34.03 65.97 24.5 52.6 22.9 10.99 424.2 575.8
1.93 32.64 67.36 23.5 53.7 22.7 10.94 409.1 590.9
1.94 31.27 68.73 22.5 54.8 22.6 10.89 393.9 606.1
1.95 29.91 70.09 21.6 55.9 22.5 10.85 378.8 621.2
1.96 28.57 71.43 20.6 57.0 22.4 10.80 363.6 636.4
1.97 27.24 72.76 19.6 58.0 22.3 10.76 348.5 651.5
1.98 25.93 74.07 18.7 59.1 22.2 10.72 333.3 666.7
1.99 24.62 75.38 17.7 60.1 22.1 10.67 318.2 681.8
2.00 23.33 76.67 16.8 61.2 22.0 10.63 303.0 697.0
2.01 22.06 77.94 15.9 62.2 21.9 10.59 287.9 712.1
2.02 20.79 79.21 15.0 63.2 21.8 10.55 272.7 727.3
2.03 19.54 80.46 14.1 64.2 21.7 10.50 257.6 742.4
2.04 18.30 81.70 13.2 65.2 21.6 10.46 242.4 757.6
2.05 17.07 82.93 12.3 66.2 21.5 10.42 227.3 772.7
2.06 15.86 84.14 11.4 67.1 21.5 10.38 212.1 787.9
2.07 14.65 85.35 10.6 68.1 21.4 10.34 197.0 803.0
2.08 13.46 86.54 9.7 69.0 21.3 10.30 181.8 818.2
2.09 12.28 87.72 8.8 70.0 21.2 10.26 166.7 833.3
2.10 11.11 88.89 8.0 70.9 21.1 10.22 151.5 848.5
2.11 9.95 90.05 7.2 71.8 21.0 10.19 136.4 863.6
2.12 8.81 91.19 6.3 72.8 20.9 10.15 121.2 878.8
2.13 7.67 92.33 5.5 73.7 20.8 10.11 106.1 893.9
2.14 6.54 93.46 4.7 74.6 20.7 10.07 90.9 909.1
2.15 5.43 94.57 3.9 75.4 20.6 10.04 75.8 924.2
2.16 4.32 95.68 3.1 76.3 20.6 10.00 60.6 939.4
2.17 3.23 96.77 2.3 77.2 20.5 9.96 45.5 954.5
2.18 2.14 97.86 1.5 78.1 20.4 9.93 30.3 969.7
V E R2.19
S IO N 3 – 1 1 /1.07
07 98.93 0.8 78.9 20.3 S E C9.89
T I O N A 2 15.2 P A G E 1984.8
5
2.20 0.00 100.00 0.0 79.8 20.2 9.85 0.0 1,000.0
Table 10 Field unit blending table for a diluted potassium / cesium formate blend, composed of 12.840 ppg (1.54 s.g.) potassium
formate and 18.342 ppg (2.20 s.g.) cesium formate.
FIELD
Formate Quantities for 1 bbl brine
Density KFo brine CsFo brine KFo CsFo H2O (HCOO-) KFo CsFo
Conc. 12.840 ppg 18.342 ppg
[ppg] [% wt] [% wt] [% wt] [% wt] [% wt] [mol/L] [bbl] [bbl]
12.840 100.00 0.00 72.0 0.0 28.0 13.18 1.000 0.000
12.9 98.44 1.56 70.9 1.2 27.8 13.12 0.989 0.011
13.0 95.89 4.11 69.1 3.3 27.6 13.04 0.971 0.029
13.1 93.37 6.63 67.3 5.3 27.4 12.96 0.953 0.047
13.2 90.90 9.10 65.5 7.3 27.3 12.87 0.935 0.065
13.3 88.46 11.54 63.7 9.2 27.1 12.79 0.916 0.084
13.4 86.06 13.94 62.0 11.1 26.9 12.71 0.898 0.102
13.5 83.69 16.31 60.3 13.0 26.7 12.63 0.880 0.120
13.6 81.36 18.64 58.6 14.9 26.5 12.56 0.862 0.138
13.7 79.07 20.93 57.0 16.7 26.3 12.48 0.844 0.156
13.8 76.80 23.20 55.3 18.5 26.2 12.41 0.826 0.175
13.9 74.57 25.43 53.7 20.3 26.0 12.33 0.807 0.193
14.0 72.37 27.63 52.1 22.0 25.8 12.26 0.789 0.211
14.1 70.20 29.80 50.6 23.8 25.7 12.19 0.771 0.229
14.2 68.07 31.93 49.0 25.5 25.5 12.12 0.753 0.247
14.3 65.96 34.04 47.5 27.2 25.3 12.05 0.735 0.265
14.4 63.88 36.12 46.0 28.8 25.2 11.98 0.716 0.284
14.5 61.83 38.17 44.5 30.5 25.0 11.91 0.698 0.302
14.6 59.81 40.19 43.1 32.1 24.8 11.84 0.680 0.320
14.7 57.81 42.19 41.7 33.7 24.7 11.78 0.662 0.338
14.8 55.85 44.15 40.2 35.2 24.5 11.71 0.644 0.356
14.9 53.91 46.09 38.8 36.8 24.4 11.65 0.626 0.374
15.0 51.99 48.01 37.5 38.3 24.2 11.58 0.607 0.393
15.1 50.10 49.90 36.1 39.8 24.1 11.52 0.589 0.411
15.2 48.24 51.76 34.8 41.3 24.0 11.46 0.571 0.429
15.3 46.40 53.60 33.4 42.8 23.8 11.40 0.553 0.447
15.4 44.58 55.42 32.1 44.2 23.7 11.34 0.535 0.465
15.5 42.79 57.21 30.8 45.6 23.5 11.28 0.517 0.483
15.6 41.02 58.98 29.6 47.1 23.4 11.22 0.498 0.502
15.7 39.27 60.73 28.3 48.4 23.3 11.16 0.480 0.520
15.8 37.54 62.46 27.0 49.8 23.1 11.10 0.462 0.538
15.9 35.84 64.16 25.8 51.2 23.0 11.05 0.444 0.556
16.0 34.16 65.84 24.6 52.5 22.9 10.99 0.426 0.574
16.1 32.50 67.50 23.4 53.9 22.7 10.93 0.408 0.593
16.2 30.86 69.14 22.2 55.2 22.6 10.88 0.389 0.611
16.3 29.24 70.76 21.1 56.5 22.5 10.83 0.371 0.629
16.4 27.63 72.37 19.9 57.7 22.4 10.77 0.353 0.647
16.5 26.05 73.95 18.8 59.0 22.2 10.72 0.335 0.665
16.6 24.49 75.51 17.6 60.2 22.1 10.67 0.317 0.683
16.7 22.95 77.05 16.5 61.5 22.0 10.62 0.298 0.702
16.8 21.42 78.58 15.4 62.7 21.9 10.57 0.280 0.720
16.9 19.91 80.09 14.3 63.9 21.8 10.52 0.262 0.738
17.0 18.42 81.58 13.3 65.1 21.6 10.47 0.244 0.756
17.1 16.95 83.05 12.2 66.3 21.5 10.42 0.226 0.774
17.2 15.50 84.50 11.2 67.4 21.4 10.37 0.208 0.792
17.3 14.06 85.94 10.1 68.6 21.3 10.32 0.189 0.811
17.4 12.64 87.36 9.1 69.7 21.2 10.27 0.171 0.829
17.5 11.23 88.77 8.1 70.8 21.1 10.23 0.153 0.847
17.6 9.84 90.16 7.1 71.9 21.0 10.18 0.135 0.865
17.7 8.47 91.53 6.1 73.0 20.9 10.14 0.117 0.883
17.8 7.11 92.89 5.1 74.1 20.8 10.09 0.099 0.901
17.9 5.77 94.23 4.2 75.2 20.7 10.05 0.080 0.920
18.0 4.44 95.56 3.2 76.2 20.6 10.00 0.062 0.938
18.1 3.12 96.88 2.3 77.3 20.5 9.96 0.044 0.956
18.2 1.82 98.18 1.3 78.3 20.4 9.92 0.026 0.974
18.3 0.54 99.46 0.4 79.3 20.3 9.87 0.008 0.992
18.342 0.00 100.00 0.0 79.8 20.2 9.85 0.000 1.000

Table 11 Measured density (ρ), compressibility (κ), and thermal expansion coefficient (α) for 1.101 s.g. (9.179 ppg) potassium formate
as a function of temperature and pressure.
METRIC
ρ [g/mL]
κ [1/Pa] 4.4°C 37.8°C 93.3°C 148.9°C 204.4°C
α [1/K]
1.1061 1.0928 1.0628 1.0242 0.9761
6.895 MPa 3.5468E-10 3.3988E-10 3.7131E-10 4.3300E-10 5.7618E-10
3.2099E-04 4.1485E-04 5.8068E-04 7.6248E-04 9.6786E-04
1.1088 1.0953 1.0655 1.0272 0.9800
13.789 MPa 3.5006E-10 3.3585E-10 3.6621E-10 4.2650E-10 5.6428E-10
3.2481E-04 4.1522E-04 5.7496E-04 7.4993E-04 9.4712E-04
1.1167 1.1028 1.0734 1.0361 0.9911
34.474 MPa 3.3642E-10 3.2393E-10 3.5111E-10 4.0734E-10 5.2934E-10
3.3530E-04 4.1614E-04 5.5877E-04 7.1482E-04 8.8940E-04
1.1293 1.1148 1.0860 1.0502 1.0084
68.948 MPa 3.1424E-10 3.0452E-10 3.2661E-10 3.7640E-10 4.7343E-10
3.4961E-04 4.1684E-04 5.3516E-04 6.6431E-04 8.0741E-04
1.1411 1.1262 1.0979 1.0634 1.0240
103.421 MPa 2.9274E-10 2.8570E-10 3.0288E-10 3.4658E-10 4.2009E-10
3.6009E-04 4.1650E-04 5.1556E-04 6.2341E-04 7.4205E-04
1.1523 1.1370 1.1089 1.0756 1.0380
137.895 MPa 2.7184E-10 2.6739E-10 2.7986E-10 3.1776E-10 3.6892E-10
3.6688E-04 4.1517E-04 4.9979E-04 5.9166E-04 6.9226E-04
FIELD
ρ [ppg]
κ [1/psi] 40°F 100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F
α [1/˚F]
9.231 9.120 8.869 8.547 8.146
1,000 psia 2.4454E-06 2.3434E-06 2.5601E-06 2.9854E-06 3.9726E-06
1.7833E-04 2.3047E-04 3.2260E-04 4.2360E-04 5.3770E-04
9.253 9.141 8.892 8.572 8.178
2,000 psia 2.4136E-06 2.3156E-06 2.5249E-06 2.9406E-06 3.8906E-06
1.8045E-04 2.3068E-04 3.1942E-04 4.1663E-04 5.2618E-04
9.319 9.203 8.958 8.647 8.271
5,000 psia 2.3195E-06 2.2334E-06 2.4208E-06 2.8085E-06 3.6497E-06
1.8628E-04 2.3119E-04 3.1043E-04 3.9712E-04 4.9411E-04
9.424 9.303 9.063 8.764 8.416
10,000 psia 2.1666E-06 2.0996E-06 2.2519E-06 2.5952E-06 3.2642E-06
1.9423E-04 2.3158E-04 2.9731E-04 3.6906E-04 4.4856E-04
9.523 9.399 9.162 8.874 8.546
15,000 psia 2.0184E-06 1.9698E-06 2.0883E-06 2.3896E-06 2.8964E-06
2.0005E-04 2.3139E-04 2.8642E-04 3.4634E-04 4.1225E-04
9.616 9.489 9.254 8.976 8.663
20,000 psia 1.8743E-06 1.8436E-06 1.9296E-06 2.1909E-06 2.5436E-06
2.0382E-04 2.3065E-04 2.7766E-04 3.2870E-04 3.8459E-04
METRIC
ρ [g/mL]
κ [1/Pa] 4.4°C 37.8°C 93.3°C 148.9°C 204.4°C
α [1/K]
1.2114 1.1936 1.1615 1.1225 1.0780
6.895 MPa 2.8217E-10 2.7915E-10 2.9747E-10 3.5034E-10 4.5411E-10
3.9418E-04 4.5254E-04 5.5498E-04 6.6731E-04 7.9180E-04
1.2137 1.1959 1.1639 1.1252 1.0813
13.789 MPa 2.7794E-10 2.7601E-10 2.9457E-10 3.4625E-10 4.4654E-10
3.9649E-04 4.5238E-04 5.5042E-04 6.5786E-04 7.7672E-04
1.2206 1.2027 1.1709 1.1332 1.0911
34.474 MPa 2.6536E-10 2.6670E-10 2.8599E-10 3.3411E-10 4.2422E-10
4.0185E-04 4.5095E-04 5.3705E-04 6.3122E-04 7.3481E-04
1.2313 1.2135 1.1822 1.1459 1.1065
68.948 MPa 2.4485E-10 2.5147E-10 2.7200E-10 3.1438E-10 3.8822E-10
4.0561E-04 4.4568E-04 5.1579E-04 5.9233E-04 6.7576E-04
1.2413 1.2237 1.1931 1.1580 1.1207
103.421 MPa 2.2484E-10 2.3663E-10 2.5837E-10 2.9527E-10 3.5357E-10
4.0307E-04 4.3682E-04 4.9581E-04 5.6005E-04 6.2953E-04
1.2506 1.2334 1.2035 1.1695 1.1338
137.895 MPa 2.0527E-10 2.2211E-10 2.4508E-10 2.7669E-10 3.2011E-10
3.9438E-04 4.2446E-04 4.7704E-04 5.3413E-04 5.9553E-04
FIELD
ρ [ppg]
κ [1/psi] 40°F 100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F
α [1/˚F]
10.110 9.961 9.693 9.368 8.996
1,000 psia 1.9455E-06 1.9247E-06 2.0510E-06 2.4155E-06 3.1310E-06
2.1899E-04 2.5141E-04 3.0832E-04 3.7073E-04 4.3989E-04
10.129 9.980 9.713 9.390 9.024
2,000 psia 1.9163E-06 1.9030E-06 2.0310E-06 2.3873E-06 3.0788E-06
2.2027E-04 2.5132E-04 3.0579E-04 3.6548E-04 4.3151E-04
10.186 10.037 9.772 9.457 9.106
5,000 psia 1.8296E-06 1.8388E-06 1.9718E-06 2.3036E-06 2.9249E-06
2.2325E-04 2.5053E-04 2.9836E-04 3.5068E-04 4.0823E-04
10.276 10.127 9.866 9.563 9.234
10,000 psia 1.6882E-06 1.7338E-06 1.8754E-06 2.1676E-06 2.6767E-06
2.2534E-04 2.4760E-04 2.8655E-04 3.2907E-04 3.7542E-04
10.359 10.212 9.957 9.664 9.353
15,000 psia 1.5502E-06 1.6315E-06 1.7814E-06 2.0358E-06 2.4378E-06
2.2393E-04 2.4268E-04 2.7545E-04 3.1114E-04 3.4974E-04
10.437 10.293 10.044 9.760 9.462
20,000 psia 1.4153E-06 1.5314E-06 1.6898E-06 1.9077E-06 2.2071E-06
2.1910E-04 2.3581E-04 2.6502E-04 2.9674E-04 3.3085E-04

METRIC
ρ [g/mL]
κ [1/Pa] 4.4°C 37.8°C 93.3°C 148.9°C 204.4°C
α [1/K]
1.2975 1.2775 1.2443 1.2069 1.1677
6.895 MPa 2.3866E-10 2.4564E-10 2.7071E-10 3.0590E-10 3.7572E-10
4.3348E-04 4.6247E-04 5.1287E-04 5.6797E-04 6.2757E-04
1.2996 1.2797 1.2466 1.2095 1.1707
13.789 MPa 2.3616E-10 2.4295E-10 2.6774E-10 3.0255E-10 3.7021E-10
4.3304E-04 4.6076E-04 5.0890E-04 5.6151E-04 6.1832E-04
1.3059 1.2860 1.2534 1.2169 1.1795
34.474 MPa 2.2878E-10 2.3500E-10 2.5889E-10 2.9260E-10 3.5392E-10
4.3146E-04 4.5560E-04 4.9738E-04 5.4308E-04 5.9209E-04
1.3159 1.2962 1.2643 1.2289 1.1935
68.948 MPa 2.1667E-10 2.2201E-10 2.4445E-10 2.7640E-10 3.2750E-10
4.2795E-04 4.4698E-04 4.7959E-04 5.1536E-04 5.5330E-04
1.3255 1.3058 1.2747 1.2404 1.2065
103.421 MPa 2.0482E-10 2.0929E-10 2.3035E-10 2.6063E-10 3.0191E-10
4.2340E-04 4.3828E-04 4.6350E-04 4.9126E-04 5.2040E-04
1.3346 1.3150 1.2846 1.2512 1.2186
137.895 MPa 1.9322E-10 1.9683E-10 2.1656E-10 2.4526E-10 2.7709E-10
4.1782E-04 4.2953E-04 4.4908E-04 4.7065E-04 4.9313E-04
FIELD
ρ [ppg]
κ [1/psi] 40°F 100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F
α [1/˚F]
10.828 10.661 10.384 10.072 9.745
1,000 psia 1.6455E-06 1.6936E-06 1.8665E-06 2.1091E-06 2.5905E-06
2.4082E-04 2.5693E-04 2.8493E-04 3.1554E-04 3.4865E-04
10.846 10.680 10.403 10.094 9.770
2,000 psia 1.6283E-06 1.6751E-06 1.8460E-06 2.0860E-06 2.5525E-06
2.4058E-04 2.5598E-04 2.8272E-04 3.1195E-04 3.4351E-04
10.898 10.732 10.460 10.156 9.843
5,000 psia 1.5774E-06 1.6203E-06 1.7850E-06 2.0174E-06 2.4402E-06
2.3970E-04 2.5311E-04 2.7632E-04 3.0171E-04 3.2894E-04
10.982 10.817 10.551 10.256 9.960
10,000 psia 1.4939E-06 1.5307E-06 1.6854E-06 1.9057E-06 2.2580E-06
2.3775E-04 2.4832E-04 2.6644E-04 2.8631E-04 3.0739E-04
11.062 10.897 10.638 10.352 10.069
15,000 psia 1.4122E-06 1.4430E-06 1.5882E-06 1.7970E-06 2.0816E-06
2.3522E-04 2.4349E-04 2.5750E-04 2.7292E-04 2.8911E-04
11.138 10.974 10.721 10.442 10.170
20,000 psia 1.3322E-06 1.3571E-06 1.4931E-06 1.6910E-06 1.9105E-06
2.3212E-04 2.3863E-04 2.4949E-04 2.6147E-04 2.7396E-04
Table 14 Measured density (ρ), compressibility (κ), and thermal expansion coefficient (α) for 1.400 s.g. (11.672 ppg) potassium formate as
a function of temperature and pressure.
METRIC
ρ [g/mL]
κ [1/Pa] 4.4°C 37.8°C 93.3°C 148.9°C 204.4°C
α [1/K]
1.3992 1.3779 1.3441 1.3082 1.2692
6.895 MPa 2.0871E-10 1.4986E-06 1.6420E-06 1.8053E-06 2.1681E-06
4.2167E-04 4.4179E-04 4.7617E-04 5.1311E-04 5.5346E-04
1.4013 1.3800 1.3463 1.3105 1.2720
13.789 MPa 1.4266E-06 1.4859E-06 1.6276E-06 1.7914E-06 2.1439E-06
4.2089E-04 4.4015E-04 4.7304E-04 5.0839E-04 5.4695E-04
1.4072 1.3861 1.3528 1.3175 1.2800
34.474 MPa 1.3898E-06 1.4482E-06 1.5847E-06 1.7503E-06 2.0720E-06
4.1828E-04 4.3519E-04 4.6390E-04 4.9480E-04 5.2832E-04
1.4168 1.3959 1.3633 1.3289 1.2930
68.948 MPa 1.3293E-06 1.3865E-06 1.5145E-06 1.6830E-06 1.9550E-06
4.1310E-04 4.2664E-04 4.4941E-04 4.7392E-04 5.0031E-04
1.4260 1.4054 1.3734 1.3399 1.3053
103.421 MPa 1.2700E-06 1.3259E-06 1.4457E-06 1.6172E-06 1.8412E-06
4.0693E-04 4.1776E-04 4.3578E-04 4.5520E-04 4.7599E-04
1.4349 1.4146 1.3832 1.3505 1.3170
137.895 MPa 1.2117E-06 1.2665E-06 1.3784E-06 1.5529E-06 1.7304E-06
3.9976E-04 4.0855E-04 4.2304E-04 4.3857E-04 4.5520E-04
FIELD
ρ [ppg]
κ [1/psi] 40°F 100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F
α [1/˚F]
1.3992 1.3779 1.3441 1.3082 1.2692
1,000 psia 1.4390E-06 1.4986E-06 1.6420E-06 1.8053E-06 2.1681E-06
2.3426E-04 2.4544E-04 2.6454E-04 2.8506E-04 3.0748E-04
1.4013 1.3800 1.3463 1.3105 1.2720
2,000 psia 1.4266E-06 1.4859E-06 1.6276E-06 1.7914E-06 2.1439E-06
2.3383E-04 2.4453E-04 2.6280E-04 2.8244E-04 3.0386E-04
1.4072 1.3861 1.3528 1.3175 1.2800
5,000 psia 1.3898E-06 1.4482E-06 1.5847E-06 1.7503E-06 2.0720E-06
2.3238E-04 2.4177E-04 2.5772E-04 2.7489E-04 2.9351E-04
1.4168 1.3959 1.3633 1.3289 1.2930
10,000 psia 1.3293E-06 1.3865E-06 1.5145E-06 1.6830E-06 1.9550E-06
2.2950E-04 2.3702E-04 2.4967E-04 2.6329E-04 2.7795E-04
1.4260 1.4054 1.3734 1.3399 1.3053
15,000 psia 1.2700E-06 1.3259E-06 1.4457E-06 1.6172E-06 1.8412E-06
2.2607E-04 2.3209E-04 2.4210E-04 2.5289E-04 2.6444E-04
1.4349 1.4146 1.3832 1.3505 1.3170
20,000 psia 1.2117E-06 1.2665E-06 1.3784E-06 1.5529E-06 1.7304E-06
2.2209E-04 2.2697E-04 2.3502E-04 2.4365E-04 2.5289E-04

METRIC
ρ [g/mL]
κ [1/Pa] 4.4°C 37.8°C 93.3°C 148.9°C 204.4°C
α [1/K]
1.5812 1.5576 1.5241 1.4881 1.4510
6.895 MPa 1.7306E-10 1.8685E-10 2.0716E-10 2.2021E-10 2.5354E-10
2.2251E-04 2.2731E-04 2.3472E-04 2.4289E-04 2.5164E-04
1.5831 1.5596 1.5263 1.4903 1.4535
13.790 MPa 1.7248E-10 1.8546E-10 2.0543E-10 2.1888E-10 2.5139E-10
2.2144E-04 2.2612E-04 2.3332E-04 2.4128E-04 2.4977E-04
1.5888 1.5655 1.5327 1.4970 1.4610
34.474 MPa 1.7069E-10 1.8130E-10 2.0030E-10 2.1495E-10 2.4503E-10
2.1848E-04 2.2275E-04 2.2926E-04 2.3651E-04 2.4417E-04
1.5981 1.5751 1.5431 1.5080 1.4731
68.948 MPa 1.6778E-10 1.7445E-10 1.9188E-10 2.0849E-10 2.3461E-10
2.1424E-04 2.1776E-04 2.2296E-04 2.2884E-04 2.3496E-04
1.6072 1.5844 1.5531 1.5187 1.4848
103.421 MPa 1.6491E-10 1.6774E-10 1.8362E-10 2.0217E-10 2.2443E-10
2.1089E-04 2.1355E-04 2.1722E-04 2.2150E-04 2.2588E-04
1.6163 1.5934 1.5628 1.5291 1.4961
137.895 MPa 1.6208E-10 1.6112E-10 1.7551E-10 1.9596E-10 2.1448E-10
2.0839E-04 2.1010E-04 2.1204E-04 2.1447E-04 2.1693E-04
FIELD
ρ [ppg]
κ [1/psi] 40°F 100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F
α [1/˚F]
13.196 12.999 12.719 12.419 12.109
1,000 psia 1.1932E-06 1.2883E-06 1.4283E-06 1.5183E-06 1.7481E-06
2.2251E-04 2.2731E-04 2.3472E-04 2.4289E-04 2.5164E-04
13.212 13.015 12.738 12.437 12.130
2,000 psia 1.1892E-06 1.2787E-06 1.4164E-06 1.5091E-06 1.7333E-06
2.2144E-04 2.2612E-04 2.3332E-04 2.4128E-04 2.4977E-04
13.259 13.065 12.791 12.493 12.193
5,000 psia 1.1769E-06 1.2500E-06 1.3810E-06 1.4820E-06 1.6894E-06
2.1848E-04 2.2275E-04 2.2926E-04 2.3651E-04 2.4417E-04
13.337 13.145 12.878 12.585 12.294
10,000 psia 1.1568E-06 1.2028E-06 1.3230E-06 1.4375E-06 1.6176E-06
2.1424E-04 2.1776E-04 2.2296E-04 2.2884E-04 2.3496E-04
13.413 13.222 12.961 12.674 12.391
15,000 psia 1.1370E-06 1.1565E-06 1.2660E-06 1.3939E-06 1.5474E-06
2.1089E-04 2.1355E-04 2.1722E-04 2.2150E-04 2.2588E-04
13.489 13.298 13.042 12.761 12.486
20,000 psia 1.1175E-06 1.1109E-06 1.2101E-06 1.3511E-06 1.4788E-06
2.0839E-04 2.1010E-04 2.1204E-04 2.1447E-04 2.1693E-04
Table 16 Measured density (ρ) and compressibility (κ) for 1.58 s.g. (13.173 ppg) potassium formate as a function of temperature and
pressure.
METRIC
ρ [g/mL] 4°C 20°C 65°C 93.3°C 154°C 176.7°C
κ [1/Pa]
1.5946 1.5818 1.5458 1.5285 1.4830 1.4432
0.414 MPa
1.7652E-10 1.7944E-10 1.9840E-10 2.0716E-10 2.5238E-10 2.8010E-10
1.5952 1.5825 1.5466 1.5286 1.4837 1.4532
0.689 MPa
1.7652E-10 1.7944E-10 1.9694E-10 2.0716E-10 2.5238E-10 2.7718E-10
1.5959 1.5836 1.5481 1.5296 1.4851 1.4664
1.724 MPa
1.7652E-10 1.7944E-10 1.9694E-10 2.0716E-10 2.5238E-10 2.7426E-10
1.5968 1.5844 1.5491 1.5303 1.4859 1.4691
3.447 MPa
1.7506E-10 1.7798E-10 1.9694E-10 2.0716E-10 2.5092E-10 2.7280E-10
1.5977 1.5848 1.5495 1.5312 1.4871 1.4702
6.895 MPa
1.7506E-10 1.7798E-10 1.9694E-10 2.0570E-10 2.5092E-10 2.7280E-10
1.5983 1.5855 1.5499 1.5319 1.4880 1.4714
10.342 MPa
1.7506E-10 1.7798E-10 1.9694E-10 2.0570E-10 2.4946E-10 2.7134E-10
1.5993 1.5868 1.5511 1.5331 1.4893 1.4731
13.790 MPa
1.7360E-10 1.7652E-10 1.9548E-10 2.0424E-10 2.4800E-10 2.6843E-10
1.5998 1.5877 1.5523 1.5340 1.4903 1.4741
13.790 MPa
1.7360E-10 1.7506E-10 1.9548E-10 2.0424E-10 2.4654E-10 2.6697E-10
1.6008 1.5884 1.5534 1.5348 1.4919 1.4757
17.237 MPa
1.7214E-10 1.7506E-10 1.9403E-10 2.0278E-10 2.4509E-10 2.6551E-10
1.6058 1.5929 1.5582 1.5402 1.4980 1.4823
34.474 MPa
1.6777E-10 1.7068E-10 1.9111E-10 1.9840E-10 2.3633E-10 2.5530E-10
1.6104 1.5978 1.5636 1.5455 1.5036 1.4881
51.711 MPa
1.6485E-10 1.6485E-10 1.8673E-10 1.9403E-10 2.2904E-10 2.4654E-10
1.6147 1.6024 1.5684 1.5506 1.5094 1.4945
68.948 MPa
1.6047E-10 1.6047E-10 1.8381E-10 1.8819E-10 2.2174E-10 2.3779E-10
1.6229 1.6104 1.5778 1.5601 1.5206 1.5057
103.421 MPa
1.5318E-10 1.5172E-10 1.7798E-10 1.7944E-10 2.0716E-10 2.1883E-10
1.6318 1.6191 1.5877 1.5698 1.5312 1.5174
137.895 MPa
1.4472E-10 1.4253E-10 1.7068E-10 1.7068E-10 1.9111E-10 2.0132E-10
FIELD
ρ [ppg] 39.2°F 68.0°F 149.0°F 199.9°F 309.2°F 350.1°F
κ [1/psi]
13.308 13.201 12.900 12.756 12.376 12.044
60 psia
1.21E-06 1.23E-06 1.36E-06 1.42E-06 1.73E-06 1.92E-06
13.313 13.207 12.907 12.757 12.382 12.128
100 psia
1.21E-06 1.23E-06 1.35E-06 1.42E-06 1.73E-06 1.90E-06
13.318 13.216 12.920 12.765 12.394 12.238
250 psia
1.21E-06 1.23E-06 1.35E-06 1.42E-06 1.73E-06 1.88E-06
13.326 13.222 12.928 12.771 12.400 12.260
500 psia
1.20E-06 1.22E-06 1.35E-06 1.42E-06 1.72E-06 1.87E-06
13.333 13.226 12.931 12.778 12.410 12.269
750 psia
1.20E-06 1.22E-06 1.35E-06 1.41E-06 1.72E-06 1.87E-06
13.338 13.232 12.935 12.784 12.418 12.279
1,000 psia
1.20E-06 1.22E-06 1.35E-06 1.41E-06 1.71E-06 1.86E-06
13.347 13.242 12.945 12.794 12.429 12.294
1,500 psia
1.19E-06 1.21E-06 1.34E-06 1.40E-06 1.70E-06 1.84E-06
13.351 13.250 12.955 12.802 12.437 12.302
2,000 psia
1.19E-06 1.20E-06 1.34E-06 1.40E-06 1.69E-06 1.83E-06
13.359 13.256 12.964 12.809 12.451 12.315
2,500 psia
1.18E-06 1.20E-06 1.33E-06 1.39E-06 1.68E-06 1.82E-06
13.401 13.293 13.004 12.854 12.501 12.370
5,000 psia
1.15E-06 1.17E-06 1.31E-06 1.36E-06 1.62E-06 1.75E-06
13.439 13.334 13.049 12.898 12.548 12.419
7,500 psia
1.13E-06 1.13E-06 1.28E-06 1.33E-06 1.57E-06 1.69E-06
13.475 13.373 13.089 12.940 12.597 12.472
10,000 psia
1.10E-06 1.10E-06 1.26E-06 1.29E-06 1.52E-06 1.63E-06
13.544 13.439 13.167 13.020 12.690 12.566
15,000 psia
1.05E-06 1.04E-06 1.22E-06 1.23E-06 1.42E-06 1.50E-06
13.618 13.512 13.250 13.101 12.778 12.663
20,000 psia
9.92E-07 9.77E-07 1.17E-06 1.17E-06 1.31E-06 1.38E-06

Table 17 Measured density (ρ) and compressibility (κ) for 1.88 s.g. (15.674 ppg) potassium / cesium formate standard blend as a
function of temperature and pressure.
METRIC
ρ [g/mL] 4°C 66°C 93°C 154°C 177°C
κ [1/Pa]
1.895 1.839 1.819 1.766 1.746
1.724 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
1.899 1.843 1.820 1.767 1.748
3.447 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
1.900 1.845 1.820 1.767 1.749
5.171 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
1.901 1.846 1.821 1.768 1.749
6.895 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
1.903 1.848 1.823 1.769 1.751
10.342 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
1.904 1.849 1.824 1.771 1.752
13.790 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
1.905 1.851 1.826 1.773 1.754
17.237 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
1.911 1.857 1.832 1.780 1.761
34.474 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
1.917 1.863 1.839 1.788 1.770
51.711 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
1.922 1.869 1.845 1.795 1.777
68.948 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
1.927 1.875 1.851 1.802 1.785
86.184 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
1.932 1.881 1.857 1.809 1.792
103.421 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
1.937 1.887 1.863 1.816 1.799
120.658 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
1.942 1.892 1.869 1.823 1.806
137.895 MPa
1.929E-10 2.205E-10 2.190E-10 2.553E-10 2.625E-10
FIELD
ρ [ppg] 39.2°F 150.8°F 199.4°F 309.2°F 350.6°F
κ [1/psi]
15.815 15.347 15.180 14.738 14.571
250 psia
1.33E-06 1.52E-06 1.51E-06 1.76E-06 1.81E-06
15.848 15.381 15.189 14.746 14.588
500 psia
1.32E-06 1.51E-06 1.50E-06 1.75E-06 1.81E-06
15.856 15.397 15.189 14.746 14.596
750 psia
1.32E-06 1.50E-06 1.50E-06 1.75E-06 1.80E-06
15.865 15.406 15.197 14.755 14.596
1,000 psia
1.31E-06 1.50E-06 1.50E-06 1.75E-06 1.80E-06
15.881 15.422 15.214 14.763 14.613
1,500 psia
1.30E-06 1.49E-06 1.49E-06 1.74E-06 1.80E-06
15.890 15.431 15.222 14.780 14.621
2,000 psia
1.29E-06 1.48E-06 1.48E-06 1.73E-06 1.79E-06
15.898 15.447 15.239 14.796 14.638
2,500 psia
1.28E-06 1.46E-06 1.47E-06 1.72E-06 1.78E-06
15.948 15.497 15.289 14.855 14.696
5,000 psia
1.23E-06 1.41E-06 1.44E-06 1.69E-06 1.75E-06
15.998 15.547 15.347 14.922 14.771
7,500 psia
1.18E-06 1.35E-06 1.41E-06 1.65E-06 1.72E-06
16.040 15.598 15.397 14.980 14.830
10,000 psia
1.13E-06 1.30E-06 1.37E-06 1.61E-06 1.69E-06
16.082 15.648 15.447 15.038 14.897
12,500 psia
1.08E-06 1.24E-06 1.34E-06 1.58E-06 1.66E-06
16.123 15.698 15.497 15.097 14.955
15,000 psia
1.03E-06 1.19E-06 1.31E-06 1.54E-06 1.63E-06
16.165 15.748 15.547 15.155 15.013
17,500 psia
9.87E-07 1.14E-06 1.27E-06 1.51E-06 1.61E-06
16.207 15.789 15.598 15.214 15.072
20,000 psia
9.39E-07 1.08E-06 1.24E-06 1.47E-06 1.58E-06
Table 18 Measured density (ρ) and compressibility (κ) for 2.1 s.g. (17.508 ppg) cesium / potassium formate standard blend as a
function of temperature and pressure.
METRIC
ρ [g/mL] 19°C 93°C 146°C 180°C 199°C
κ [1/Pa]
2.1055 2.0362 1.9856 1.9467 1.9163
0.352 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1080 2.0378 1.9871 1.9511 1.9283
0.627 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1110 2.0402 1.9902 1.9564 1.9392
1.669 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1126 2.0417 1.9916 1.9586 1.9422
3.392 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1137 2.0427 1.9926 1.9602 1.9439
5.123 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1143 2.0437 1.9937 1.9615 1.9448
6.853 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1156 2.0449 1.9952 1.9630 1.9476
10.308 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1170 2.0465 1.9967 1.9652 1.9489
13.769 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1187 2.0480 1.9986 1.9674 1.9504
17.223 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1244 2.0547 2.0061 1.9756 1.9592
34.508 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1298 2.0618 2.0141 1.9834 1.9678
51.793 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1361 2.0681 2.0210 1.9909 1.9757
69.072 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1417 2.0750 2.0283 1.9991 1.9836
86.357 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1472 2.0813 2.0355 2.0065 1.9916
103.642 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
2.1521 2.0883 2.0436 2.0137 1.9995
111.247 MPa
1.653E-10 2.002E-10 2.277E-10 2.480E-10 2.611E-10
FIELD
ρ [ppg] 66.2°F 199.4°F 294.8°F 356.0°F 390.2°F
κ [1/psi]
17.571 16.993 16.571 16.246 15.992
51 psia
1.14E-06 1.38E-06 1.57E-06 1.71E-06 1.80E-06
17.592 17.006 16.583 16.283 16.092
91 psia
1.14E-06 1.38E-06 1.57E-06 1.71E-06 1.79E-06
17.617 17.026 16.609 16.327 16.183
242 psia
1.14E-06 1.38E-06 1.57E-06 1.70E-06 1.78E-06
17.630 17.039 16.621 16.345 16.208
492 psia
1.14E-06 1.37E-06 1.57E-06 1.70E-06 1.77E-06
17.640 17.047 16.629 16.359 16.223
743 psia
1.14E-06 1.37E-06 1.57E-06 1.70E-06 1.77E-06
17.645 17.055 16.638 16.370 16.230
994 psia
1.14E-06 1.37E-06 1.57E-06 1.70E-06 1.77E-06
17.656 17.066 16.651 16.382 16.254
1,495 psia
1.14E-06 1.37E-06 1.57E-06 1.70E-06 1.77E-06
17.667 17.079 16.663 16.400 16.264
1,997 psia
1.14E-06 1.37E-06 1.56E-06 1.69E-06 1.77E-06
17.681 17.091 16.679 16.419 16.277
2,498 psia
1.14E-06 1.37E-06 1.56E-06 1.69E-06 1.77E-06
17.729 17.147 16.742 16.487 16.350
5,005 psia
1.13E-06 1.37E-06 1.56E-06 1.69E-06 1.76E-06
17.774 17.207 16.808 16.552 16.422
7,512 psia
1.13E-06 1.36E-06 1.55E-06 1.68E-06 1.75E-06
17.827 17.259 16.866 16.615 16.488
10,018 psia
1.13E-06 1.36E-06 1.55E-06 1.67E-06 1.74E-06
17.873 17.317 16.927 16.683 16.554
12,525 psia
1.13E-06 1.35E-06 1.54E-06 1.67E-06 1.74E-06
17.919 17.369 16.987 16.745 16.621
15,032 psia
1.12E-06 1.35E-06 1.53E-06 1.66E-06 1.73E-06
17.960 17.428 17.055 16.805 16.687
16,135 psia
1.12E-06 1.34E-06 1.53E-06 1.65E-06 1.72E-06

Table 19 Measured density (ρ) and compressibility (κ) for 2.286 s.g. (19.059 ppg) cesium formate as a function of temperature and
pressure.
METRIC
ρ [g/mL] 4°C 20°C 65°C 93°C 154°C 176°C
κ [1/Pa]
2.2970 2.2765 2.2279 2.1975 2.1308 2.0994
0.414 MPa
1.784E-10 1.581E-10 1.856E-10 2.060E-10 2.408E-10 2.538E-10
2.2974 2.2769 2.2286 2.1979 2.1319 2.1041
0.689 MPa
1.784E-10 1.581E-10 1.856E-10 2.060E-10 2.408E-10 2.524E-10
2.2987 2.2778 2.2297 2.1988 2.1334 2.1091
1.72 MPa
1.784E-10 1.581E-10 1.856E-10 2.045E-10 2.408E-10 2.524E-10
2.2999 2.2791 2.2305 2.1994 2.1345 2.1111
3.447 MPa
1.784E-10 1.581E-10 1.842E-10 2.045E-10 2.408E-10 2.524E-10
2.3008 2.2795 2.2312 2.2004 2.1359 2.1120
5.171 MPa
1.784E-10 1.581E-10 1.842E-10 2.045E-10 2.408E-10 2.509E-10
2.3015 2.2808 2.2317 2.2016 2.1371 2.1133
6.895 MPa
1.784E-10 1.581E-10 1.842E-10 2.045E-10 2.408E-10 2.509E-10
2.3027 2.2817 2.2334 2.2034 2.1389 2.1157
10.342 MPa
1.784E-10 1.581E-10 1.842E-10 2.045E-10 2.408E-10 2.509E-10
2.3035 2.2833 2.2352 2.2047 2.1404 2.1173
13.790 MPa
1.784E-10 1.581E-10 1.842E-10 2.045E-10 2.393E-10 2.509E-10
2.3053 2.2846 2.2362 2.2063 2.1427 2.1194
17.237 MPa
1.784E-10 1.581E-10 1.842E-10 2.045E-10 2.393E-10 2.509E-10
2.3128 2.2906 2.2434 2.2148 2.1517 2.1291
34.474 MPa
1.769E-10 1.566E-10 1.842E-10 2.031E-10 2.393E-10 2.495E-10
*2.3590 2.2975 2.2512 2.2224 2.1611 2.1385
51.711 MPa
1.566E-10 1.827E-10 2.031E-10 2.379E-10 2.480E-10
*2.3672 2.3038 2.2583 2.2303 2.1694 2.1473
68.948 MPa
1.566E-10 1.827E-10 2.016E-10 2.364E-10 2.480E-10
*2.3815 2.3150 2.2719 2.2454 2.1868 2.1648
103.421 MPa
1.552E-10 1.813E-10 2.016E-10 2.350E-10 2.451E-10
*2.3973 2.3274 2.2856 2.2600 2.2036 2.1825
137.895 MPa
1.552E-10 1.798E-10 2.002E-10 2.335E-10 2.437E-10
* Crystallization took place
FIELD
ρ [ppg] 39.2°F 68.0°F 149.0°F 199.4°F 309.2°F 348.8°F
κ [1/psi]
19.169 18.998 18.593 18.339 17.782 17.520
60 psia
1.23E-06 1.09E-06 1.28E-06 1.42E-06 1.66E-06 1.75E-06
19.173 19.002 18.599 18.342 17.792 17.560
100 psia
1.23E-06 1.09E-06 1.28E-06 1.42E-06 1.66E-06 1.74E-06
19.184 19.009 18.608 18.350 17.804 17.601
250 psia
1.23E-06 1.09E-06 1.28E-06 1.41E-06 1.66E-06 1.74E-06
19.194 19.020 18.614 18.355 17.813 17.618
500 psia
1.23E-06 1.09E-06 1.27E-06 1.41E-06 1.66E-06 1.74E-06
19.755 19.226 18.846 18.613 18.105 17.920
750 psia
1.23E-06 1.09E-06 1.27E-06 1.41E-06 1.66E-06 1.73E-06
19.207 19.034 18.624 18.373 17.835 17.636
1,000 psia
1.23E-06 1.09E-06 1.27E-06 1.41E-06 1.66E-06 1.73E-06
19.217 19.042 18.639 18.388 17.850 17.656
1,500 psia
1.23E-06 1.09E-06 1.27E-06 1.41E-06 1.66E-06 1.73E-06
19.224 19.055 18.654 18.399 17.862 17.670
2,000 psia
1.23E-06 1.09E-06 1.27E-06 1.41E-06 1.65E-06 1.73E-06
19.239 19.066 18.662 18.412 17.882 17.687
2,500 psia
1.23E-06 1.09E-06 1.27E-06 1.41E-06 1.65E-06 1.73E-06
19.301 19.116 18.722 18.483 17.957 17.768
5,000 psia
1.22E-06 1.08E-06 1.27E-06 1.40E-06 1.65E-06 1.72E-06
*19.687 19.174 18.787 18.547 18.035 17.847
7,500 psia
1.08E-06 1.26E-06 1.40E-06 1.64E-06 1.71E-06
*19.755 19.226 18.846 18.613 18.105 17.920
10,000 psia
1.08E-06 1.26E-06 1.39E-06 1.63E-06 1.71E-06
*19.875 19.320 18.960 18.739 18.250 18.066
15,000 psia
1.07E-06 1.25E-06 1.39E-06 1.62E-06 1.69E-06
*20.006 19.423 19.074 18.861 18.390 18.214
20,000 psia
1.07E-06 1.24E-06 1.38E-06 1.61E-06 1.68E-06
* Crystallization took place
METRIC
Potassium formate 1.101 s.g. – density vs. pressure
1 .1 6
y = 3.5381E-04x + 1.1042E+00
1 .1 4
y = 3.3868E-04x + 1.0909E+00
1 .1 2
1 .1 0
y = 3.5356E-04x + 1.0609E+00
1 .0 8
Density [g/mL]
1 .0 6
y = 3.9437E-04x + 1.0221E+00
1 .0 4
1 .0 2
KFo 4.4°C
1 .0 0 KFo 37.8°C
y = 4.7538E-04x + 9.7398E-01 KFo 93.3°C
0 .9 8 KFo 148.9°C
KFo 204.4°C
0 .9 6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 1 30 14 0
Pressure [MPa]
FIELD
Potassium formate 9.179 ppg – density vs. pressure

9 .8
9 .6 y = 2.0358E-05x + 9.2147E+00
9 .4 y = 1.9487E-05x + 9.1036E+00
9 .2
y = 2.0344E-05x + 8.8535E+00
Density [ppg]
9 .0
8 .8
y = 2.2692E-05x + 8.5298E+00
8 .6
KFo 40 ° F
8 .4 KFo 101° F
y = 2.7353E-05x + 8.1283E+00
KFo 200 °F
8 .2 KFo 300 °F
KFo 400°F
8 .0
0 2 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 6 ,0 0 0 8 ,0 0 0 1 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,0 0 0 1 4 ,0 0 0 1 6 ,0 0 0 1 8 ,0 0 0 2 0 ,0 0 0
Pressure [psi]
Figure 4 Measured density of 1.101 s.g. / 9.179 ppg potassium formate as a function of temperature and pressure.

METRIC
1.2 6
y = 3.0053E-04x + 1.2098E+00
1.24
1.22 y = 3.0474E-04x + 1.1919E+00
1.20
y = 3.2138E-04x + 1.1596E+00
Density [g/mL]
1.1 8
1.1 6
1.14 y = 3.5981E-04x + 1.1205E+00
1.1 2
KFo 4.4°C
1.1 0 y = 4.2824E-04x + 1.0758E+00 KFo 37.8° C
KFo 93.3°C
1.08 KFo 148.9°C
KFo 204.4°C
1.06
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 00 11 0 120 1 30 14 0
Pressure [MPa]
FIELD
10 .6
10 .4 y = 1.7293E-05x + 1.0097E+01
10 .2 y = 1.7535E-05x + 9.9469E+00
10 .0
y = 1.8492E-05x + 9.6774E+00
Density [ppg]
9 .8
9 .6
y = 2.0703E-05x + 9.3508E+00
9 .4
9 .2 KFo 40 °F
y = 2.4641E-05x + 8.9781E+00 KFo 101 °F
KFo 200 °F
9 .0 KFo 300 °F
KFo 400 °F
8 .8
0 2 ,00 0 4 ,0 0 0 6,0 00 8 ,00 0 1 0,0 00 12 ,00 0 1 4 ,00 0 1 6,0 0 0 18 ,0 00 2 0 ,00 0
Pressure [psi]
METRIC Potassium formate 1.301 s.g. – density vs. pressure

1.3 4
y = 2.8411E-04x + 1.2959E+00
1.3 2
y = 2.8694E-04x + 1.2759E+00
1.3 0
1.2 8
y = 3.0856E-04x + 1.2425E+00
Density [g/mL]
1.2 6
1.2 4
y = 3.3921E-04x + 1.2050E+00
1.2 2
1.2 0 KFo 4.4 °C

y = 3.9037E-04x + 1.1656E+00 KFo 37.8 °C
KFo 93.3°C
1.1 8
KFo 148.9 °C
KFo 204.4°C
1.1 6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 110 1 20 13 0 140
Pressure [MPa]
FIELD
1 1 .2
y = 1.6347E-05x + 1.0814E+01
1 1 .0
y = 1.6510E-05x + 1.0648E+01
1 0 .8
1 0 .6
Density [ppg]
y = 1.7754E-05x + 1.0369E+01
1 0 .4
1 0 .2 y = 1.9518E-05x + 1.0056E+01
1 0 .0
KFo 40°F
y = 2.2462E-05x + 9.7277E+00 KFo 101°F
9 .8 KFo 200°F
KFo 300°F
KFo 400°F
9 .6
0 2 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 6,0 0 0 8,0 0 0 1 0 ,00 0 1 2 ,0 0 0 1 4,0 0 0 16 ,00 0 1 8 ,0 0 0 2 0,0 0 0
Pressure [psi]

METRIC
1.44
y=2.7277E-04x+1.3976E+00
1.42
1.40 y=2.8044-04x+1.3762E+00
1.38
Density [g/mL]
1.36 y=2.9900E-04x+1.3423E+00
1.34
y=3.2393E-04x+1.3062E+00
1.32
1.30 KFo 4.4°C

y=3.36590E-04x+1.2671+00 KFo 37.8°C
1.28 KFo 93.3°C
KFo 148.9°C
KFo 204.4°C
1.26
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Pressure [MPa]
FIELD
1 2 .0
y = 1.5695E-05x + 1.1664E+01
1 1 .8
y = 1.6137E-05x + 1.1485E+01
1 1 .6
1 1 .4 y = 1.7204E-05x + 1.1202E+01
Density [ppg]
1 1 .2
y = 1.8639E-05x + 1.0901E+01
1 1 .0
1 0 .8
y = 2.1054E-05x + 1.0575E+01 KFo 40 °F
KFo 101 °F
1 0 .6 KFo 200 °F
KFo 300 °F
KFo 400 °F
1 0 .4
0 2 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 6 ,0 0 0 8 ,0 0 0 1 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,0 0 0 1 4 ,0 0 0 1 6 ,0 0 0 1 8 ,0 0 0 2 0 ,0 0 0
Pressure [psia]
METRIC

1.6 2
y = 2.6794E-04x + 1.5795E+00
1.6 0
y = 2.7381E-04x + 1.5559E+00
1.5 8
1.5 6
Density [g/mL]
y = 2.9588E-04x + 1.5223E+00
1.5 4
1.5 2
y = 3.1381E-04x + 1.4861E+00
1.5 0
1.4 8 KFo 4.4°C

KFo 37.8°C
y = 3.4507E-04x + 1.4489E+00 KFo 93.3°C
1.4 6
KFo 148.9°C
KFo 204.4°C
1.4 4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 110 1 20 13 0 140
Pressure [MPa]
FIELD

13 .6
y = 1.5417E-05x + 1.3181E+01
13 .4
13 .2 y = 1.5755E-05x + 1.2985E+01
13 .0
Density [ppg]
y = 1.7025E-05x + 1.2704E+01
12 .8
12 .6 y = 1.8056E-05x + 1.2402E+01
12 .4
KFo 40 °F
KFo 101°F
y = 1.9855E-05x + 1.2092E+01 KFo 200°F
12 .2
KFo 300°F
KFo 400°F
12 .0
0 2 ,00 0 4 ,00 0 6,0 0 0 8,0 00 1 0 ,00 0 1 2,0 0 0 1 4,0 00 16 ,00 0 1 8 ,00 0 2 0,0 0 0
Pressure [psia]

METRIC
1.6 4
y = 2.6403E-04x + 1.5960E+00
1.6 2
y = 2.6403E-04x + 1.5834E+00
1.6 0
1.5 8 y = 2.9439E-04x + 1.5477E+00

Density [g/mL]
1.5 6
y = 2.9756E-04x + 1.5295E+00
1.5 4
1.5 2
y = 3.3278E-04x + 1.4860E+00
1.5 0
KFo 4°C
y = 3.5265E-04x + 1.4694E+00 KFo 20°C
1.4 8 KFo 65°C
KFo 93.3°C
1.4 6 KFo 154°C
KFo 176.7°C
1.4 4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 110 1 20 13 0 140
Pressure [MPa]
FIELD
13 .8
13 .6 y = 1.5192E-05x + 1.3319E+01
y = 1.5192E-05x + 1.3214E+01
13 .4
13 .2 y = 1.6939E-05x + 1.2916E+01
Density [ppg]
13 .0 y = 1.7121E-05x + 1.2764E+01
12 .8
12 .6 y = 1.9148E-05x + 1.2401E+01
KFo 39.2°F
12 .4 y = 2.0140E-05x + 1.2265E+01 KFo 68°F
KFo 149°F
KFo 199.99°F
12 .2
KFo 309.2°F
KFo 350.1°F
12 .0
0 2 ,0 00 4 ,00 0 6 ,0 0 0 8,0 00 10 ,00 0 1 2 ,00 0 1 4,0 0 0 1 6,0 00 18 ,00 0 2 0 ,0 0 0
Pressure [psi]
METRIC
Potassium / cesium formate 1.88 s.g. – density vs. pressure
1.9 6
y = 3.1040E-04x + 1.8999E+00
1.9 4
1.9 2
1.9 0
y = 3.5079E-04x + 1.8445E+00
1.8 8
Density [g/mL]
1.8 6
y = 3.6385E-04x + 1.8194E+00
1.8 4
1.8 2
1.8 0 y = 4.2136E-04x + 1.7654E+00

1.7 8 KFo 4°C
y = 4.3817E-04x + 1.7464E+00
1.7 6 KFo 66°C
KFo 93°C
1.7 4 KFo 154°C
KFo 177°C
1.7 2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 110 1 20 13 0 140
Pressure [MPa]
FIELD
Potassium / cesium formate 15.674 ppg – density vs. pressure
16.4
y = 1.7860E-05x + 1.5855E+01
16.2
16.0
15.8
y = 2.0184E-05x + 1.5393E+01
15.6
Density [ppg]
15.4 y = 2.0936E-05x + 1.5183E+01
15.2
15.0 y = 2.4245E-05x + 1.4733E+01

KFo 39.2°F
14.8 y = 2.5212E-05x + 1.4574E+01 KFo 150.8°F
KFo 199.4°F
14.6 KFo 199.99°F
KFo 350.6°F
14.4
0 2 ,0 00 4 ,00 0 6 ,0 0 0 8,0 00 10 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,0 0 0 1 4,0 00 16 ,00 0 1 8 ,00 0 2 0,0 0 0
Pressure [psia]
Figure 10 Measured density of 1.88 s.g. / 15.674 ppg potassium / cesium formate standard blend as a function of temperature and
pressure.

METRIC
Cesium / potassium formate 2.1 s.g. – density vs. pressure
2.16
2.14 y = 3.4954E-04x + 2.1120E+00
2.12
2.10
2.08 y = 4.0643E-04x + 2.0407E+00

Density [g/mL]
2.06
2.04
y = 4.5324E-04x + 1.9904E+00
2.02
2.00
y = 4.8283E-04x + 1.9581E+00
1.98
KFo 19°C
1.96 KFo 93°C
y = 4.9994E-04x + 1.9415E+00
KFo 146°C
1.94 KFo 180°C
KFo 199°C
1.92
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 11 0 1 20
Pressure [MPa]
FIELD
Cesium / potassium formate 17.508 ppg – density vs. pressure
1 8 .0
y = 2.0113E-05x + 1.7625E+01
1 7 .8
1 7 .6
1 7 .4
y = 2.3386E-05x + 1.7031E+01
1 7 .2
Density [ppg]
1 7 .0
y = 2.6079E-05x + 1.6610E+01
1 6 .8
1 6 .6 y = 2.7782E-05x + 1.6341E+01
y = 2.8766E-05x + 1.6203E+01 KFo 66.2°F

1 6 .4 KFo 199.4°F
KFo 294.8°F
1 6 .2 KFo 356°F
KFo 390.2°F
1 6 .0
0 2 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 6 ,0 0 0 8 ,0 0 0 1 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,0 0 0 1 4 ,0 0 0 1 6 ,0 0 0 1 8 ,0 0 0
Pressure [psia]
Figure 11 Measured density of 2.1 s.g. / 17.508 ppg cesium / potassium formate standard blend as a function of temperature and
pressure.
METRIC
Cesium formate 2.286 s.g. – density vs. pressure

2.3 4
Crystallization
2.3 2 y = 0.0004x + 2.2777
2.3 0
2.2 8
y = 0.0004x + 2.2289
2.2 6
Density [g/mL]
2.2 4 y = 0.0005x + 2.1982
2.2 2
2.2 0
2.1 8 y = 0.0005x + 2.1329

2.1 6 CsKFo 4°C
CsKFo 20°C
2.1 4 y = 5.3113E-04x + 2.1100E+00 CsKFo 65°C
CsKFo 93°C
2.1 2 CsKFo 154°C
CsKFo 176°C
2.1 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 110 1 20 13 0 140
Pressure [MPa]
FIELD
Cesium formate 19.059 ppg – density vs. pressure

1 9 .6
Crystallization
1 9 .4 y = 0.0000x + 19.0084
1 9 .2
1 9 .0 y = 0.0000x + 18.6013
1 8 .8
Density [ppg]
y = 0.0000x + 18.3452
1 8 .6
1 8 .4
1 8 .2
y = 0.0000x + 17.7998
1 8 .0
CsKFo 39.2°F
y = 3.0561E-05x + 1.7609E+01 CsKFo 68°F
1 7 .8 CsKFo 149°F
CsKFo 199.4°F
1 7 .6 CsKFo 309.2°F
CsKFo 348.8°F
1 7 .4
0 2 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 6 ,0 0 0 8 ,0 0 0 1 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,0 0 0 1 4 ,0 0 0 1 6 ,0 0 0 1 8 ,0 0 0 2 0 ,0 0 0
Pressure [psi]
Figure 12 Measured density of 2.286 s.g. / 19.059 ppg cesium formate as a function of temperature and pressure.

References
[1] “Cabot – Compressibility report”,

report # R-03-144, Westport Technology Center
International.

FORMATE MAN A2 Brine Density and PVT

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FORMATE MAN A2 Brine Density and PVT

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C ABOT SP E C I A LT Y F L U I D S F O RM ATE TECH N ICAL M AN UAL

CH EMIC AL AND PH Y S ICAL PR OPE R T IE S

A2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................2

A2.2 Density of single salt brines ...................................................................2

A2.3 Density of potassium / cesium formate blends . ...................................3

A2.4 Density of sodium / potassium formate blends ....................................3

A2.5 Density, compressibility, and thermal expansion coefficients for

1 % wt = A × s.g.3 + B × s.g.2 + C × s.g. + D

A2.1 Introduction 2 % wt = A × ρ 3 + B × ρ 2These

W s.g. ρ ( st) V 16 s.g. (st ) V T ( bbl )

3 % wtreq × ρ req ×1000

determination. Figure 1 Densicalc software for calculating surface and down-

T = temperature (°C) References

s.g. = measured specific gravity at temperature T [1] “Cabot – Compressibility report”,

PAGE 4 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

Density vs. concentration 15.6°C

Density vs. concentration 60°F

Density vs. molar concentration 15.6°C

Density vs. molar concentration 60˚F

PAGE 6 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

PAGE 8 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

PAGE 10 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

PAGE 12 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

PAGE 14 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

PAGE 16 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

PAGE 18 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

PAGE 20 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

PAGE 22 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

PAGE 24 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

Potassium formate 1.101 s.g. – density vs. pressure

Potassium formate 9.179 ppg – density vs. pressure

PAGE 26 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

Potassium formate 1.201 s.g. – density vs. pressure

1.22 y = 3.0474E-04x + 1.1919E+00

1.14 y = 3.5981E-04x + 1.1205E+00

Potassium formate 10.013 ppg – density vs. pressure

METRIC Potassium formate 1.301 s.g. – density vs. pressure

1.2 0 KFo 4.4 °C

Potassium formate 10.847 ppg – density vs. pressure

PAGE 28 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

Potassium formate 1.400 s.g. – density vs. pressure

1.30 KFo 4.4°C

Potassium formate 11.672 ppg – density vs. pressure

Potassium formate 1.572 s.g. – density vs. pressure

1.4 8 KFo 4.4°C

Potassium formate 13.106 ppg – density vs. pressure

PAGE 30 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

Potassium formate 1.58 s.g. – density vs. pressure

1.5 8 y = 2.9439E-04x + 1.5477E+00

Potassium formate 13.173 ppg – density vs. pressure

Potassium / cesium formate 1.88 s.g. – density vs. pressure

1.8 0 y = 4.2136E-04x + 1.7654E+00

Potassium / cesium formate 15.674 ppg – density vs. pressure

15.4 y = 2.0936E-05x + 1.5183E+01

15.0 y = 2.4245E-05x + 1.4733E+01

PAGE 32 SECTION A2 VE R SION 3 – 1 1 / 0 7

Cesium / potassium formate 2.1 s.g. – density vs. pressure

2.14 y = 3.4954E-04x + 2.1120E+00

2.08 y = 4.0643E-04x + 2.0407E+00

Cesium / potassium formate 17.508 ppg – density vs. pressure

y = 2.8766E-05x + 1.6203E+01 KFo 66.2°F

Cesium formate 2.286 s.g. – density vs. pressure

2.2 4 y = 0.0005x + 2.1982