P01 Practical Standards Exercises

Exercise 1

(a) independent variable : t

dependent variable: s

(b)
HINT: gradient  must be as BIG as possible!
• Three gradient triangles should be drawn with vertex coordinates read correctly and
labelled. For this exercise, check at least one pair of values and the calculation of gradient.

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Exercise 2

independent & suggested

x-axis y-axis gradient y-intercept
dependent variables relationship

L 2
T and L T = 2 g
L T
g
0

k 1
E and r E = r2 E k 0
r2
Teacher’s note:
Some students may question if 1/r2 can be zero, i.e. whether it is physically sound to have an
intercept. 1/r2 tends to zero when r tends to infinity, which is physically sound for cases of fields,
where the effect of the field tends to zero as r tends to infinity.
1 R 1 1 1 R 1
V and X
V = XE + E X V E E

T and h
h = f(T – To)2 (T – To)2 h f 0
(T0 can be measured.)

T and x T = p xn lg X lg T n lg p

Working:

( ) ( )
lg(T ) = lg px n = lg p + n lg x or ln(T ) = ln px n = ln p + n ln x

1
R and T R = A e –m/T ln R −m ln A
T

Working:

( )  m
ln(R ) = ln Ae −m / T = ln A +  −  ln e
 T 

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Exercise 3

m / kg / cos2 ( / )

0.350 173 0.985

0.300 165 0.933

0.250 161 0.894

0.200 158 0.860

0.150 151 0.765

0.100 146 0.687

a)

absolute error of 2o (limit to 2

5o) due to limitation of the 146
× 100% = 1.4%
setup.

b) .

cos2 ( / ) m/g
Plot a graph of _____________ (y-axis) against _____________.(x-axis).

C
If a straight line is obtained, then the gradient = _____________ and

CM-D
y-intercept = ____________.

0.95-0.69 -3
gradient = --------------------
450-250
= ___________
1.3 × 10 g−1
s.f. of constants C and D should
-3
Hence C = ___________ g−1
1.30 × 10 __________ follow least s.f. of RAW data
recorded in table.
(SI units)
Substituting values into straight line equation Y = gradient X + y-intercept:

−3
0.95 = _________
_________ 1.3  10 450
( _________ ) + y-intercept

–0.365
y-intercept = _____________

Hence D = CM - y-intercept = ___________

0.365 __________
(SI units) -3
1.30 × 10 g−1
C = .........................................

0.365
D = .........................................

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 cos2 ( / o)

1.000

0.950

0.900
anomalous point

0.850
P

0.800

0.750

0.700

0.650

(m + M) / g
0.600
200 250 300 350 400 450 500

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c)
Although C is smaller, there is no mention of D. Hence, it is assumed D remains constant
and so vertical intercept stays the same while gradient is now smaller as gradient = C. This
means the graph P lies below the BFL and does not intercept BFL.

d) There is an anomalous point as it lies relatively far from the best fit line, compared to
other points.
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e) Difficult to measure θ as it is difficult to keep the protractor still.

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f) Clamp the protractor using another retort stand to keep it still while making measurements.

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