ABSTRACT

This experiment is designed

to examine the effect of
damping on the oscillation
behavior.

COURSE
Me443

STUDENT
Omar Al Rehili

STUDENT NUMBER
3901506

SECTION
MA1

Experiment 11 UNDER THE

SUPERPOSITION OF
Forced Vibration Dr. Zakrya Zeyada
Experiment 11: Forced Vibration
This experiment is designed to examine the effect of damping on the oscillation behavior due to
a sinusoidal force input. The damper effect can be varied using two methods:
A. Adjusting the needle valve in the damper
B. Changing the attachment point which will change the lever arm b
The mechanical system and its free body diagram are shown in the figure below:

Figure 1: Mechanical Forced vibration system

The transfer function of the system:

0.350 × L
2
Y (s ) 0.350 × L c.a
G ( s )= = =
F ( s ) J o s 2+ d . b2 s +c . a2 J o 2 d . b2
2
s + 2
s+1
c .a c .a

Where Y ( s ) is the tip displacement in Y-axis direction and F ( s ) is the excitation force?
2nd order standard form:
K
G ( s )= 2 2
τ s + 2ζτs +1

So that:
0.35 × L
K= 2
c .a
 2 Jo 1
τ = 2
= 2
c.a ωn
1
τ=
ωn

For sinusoidal input:

F (t)= A sin (Ωt)
2
F (t )=mu ε Ω sin(Ωt )
2
A=mu ε Ω

The steady state response will be:

KA
Y ( t )= ×sin(Ωt+ ∅)
√(1−( Ωτ)2 )2+(2 ζ Ωτ )2
−1 2 ζ Ωτ
∅=−tan 2
1−(Ωτ )

Model Changes
1. Change the stiffness of the spring from 0.84 N/mm to 3.09 N/mm.
2. Change the position of the closed damper in (Case 3) from 600 mm to 550 mm.
3. Not considering the gravity effect on the mechanical system.
4. Note that, the unbalanced mass excitation is at 350 mm and not L/2 (365 mm).
Case 1: Open damper (d=0.005 N.s/mm) (b=150 mm)

m. L2
Periodic time ( T ) =2 π ×
√3.c . a
2

1.68 × 0.7302
T =2 π ×

√ 1
f= =
3.09
3 ×( −3 )× 0.650

1
10

=10.53 Hz
2
=0.095 sec

T 0.095
2π
Natural Freq .(ωn )= =2 πf
T
ω n=2 π × 10.53=66.142 rad / s

m . L2
Moment of inertia about the fulcrum point ( J o )=
3

1.68 × 0.7302 2
Jo = =0.298424 kg . m
3
 2
b d .b
Damping ratio (ζ )= = 2
2. J o .ω n m. L
2. . ωn
3
0.005 2
−3
× 0.15
10
ζ= =0.00285
2× 0.2984 ×66.142

Damped oscillation frequency (ω d )=ω n × √ 1−ζ 2

2
ω d=66.142× √ 1−0.00285 =66.1415 rad / s

Case 2: Closed damper (d=0.015 N.s/mm) (b=150 mm)

2
m. L
Periodic time ( T ) =2 π ×
√ 3.c . a2
2
1.68 × 0.730
T =2 π ×

√ 3.09
3 ×( −3 )× 0.6502
10
=0.095 sec
 1 1
f= = =10.53 Hz
T 0.095
2π
Natural Freq .(ωn )= =2 πf
T
ω n=2 π × 10.53=66.142 rad / s

m . L2
Moment of inertia about the fulcrum point ( J o )=
3

1.68 × 0.7302 2
Jo = =0.298424 kg . m
3
b d . b2
Damping ratio (ζ )= =
2. J o .ω n m. L2
2. . ωn
3
0.015 2
−3
× 0.15
10
ζ= =0.00855
2× 0.2984 ×66.142

Damped oscillation frequency (ω d )=ω n × √ 1−ζ 2

ω d=66.142× √ 1−0.008552=66.1393 rad / s

Case 3: closed damper (d=0.005 N.s/mm) (b=550 mm)

2
m. L
Periodic time ( T ) =2 π ×
√ 3.c . a
2

1.68 × 0.7302
T =2 π ×

√
1
f= =
3.09
3 ×( −3 )× 0.650

1
10

=10.53 Hz
2
=0.095 sec

T 0.095
2π
Natural Freq .(ωn )= =2 πf
T
ω n=2 π × 10.53=66.142 rad / s
2
m.L
Moment of inertia about the fulcrum point ( J o )=
3
 2
1.68 × 0.730 2
Jo = =0.298424 kg . m
3
b d . b2
Damping ratio (ζ )= =
2. J o .ω n m. L2
2. . ωn
3
0.015 2
−3
× 0.550
10
ζ= =0.11494
2× 0.2984 ×66.142
2
Damped oscillation frequency (ω d )=ω n × √ 1−ζ
2
ω d=66.142× √1−0.11494 =65.7034 rad / s

Discussion and conclusion

The objective of this experiment is to investigate the components of a system undergoing forced
vibration, measure the magnitude of the steady state response to variable excitation frequency,
and understand the effect of the damping on the vibration magnitude. From the above results
we can conclude the following:
 Unlike the free vibration experiment, the beam will continue to oscillate to inf. At the
same frequency as the input force.
 As expected, increasing the damper coefficient decreases the oscillation amplitude even
at the same distance as for case 1 and 2.
 The closer the damper to the free end of the beam the more effective it is in damping the
oscillation. In other words, increasing b decreases the oscillation amplitude.
 From the amplitude results, it can be seen that the closer the excitation force frequency
to the natural frequency of the system the higher the amplitude.
 This is confirmed by the frequency results in each case as the maximum amplitude is
shown at the same natural frequency of the beam (10.5 Hz) (66.1418 rad/s) and this is
what is known as resonance.
 The results confirm the pre-stated fact “It will be shown that when the damping ratio is
less than 0.707 the amplitude of the vibration will increase as the excitation frequency
increases.”

References
1. Seborg, Dale E., Duncan A. Mellichamp, Thomas F. Edgar, and Francis J. Doyle III. Process dynamics and control.
John Wiley & Sons, 2010.