Experimental Report 4

PENDULUM OSCILLATION WITH PC INTERFACE

Class: Verification of the instructors
ID: 20227356
Group: 2
Name: Hoàng Minh Đức

I/Experiment Motivations
- Understanding more about the harmonic oscillation.

- Verifying the value of gravity acceleration.

- Improving experimental skills.

II/Experimental result
1)Pendulum with vertical oscillation plan
Tria L1= 0.300 (m) L2= 0.600 (m) L3= 0.700 (m)
l T1 (s) T2 (s) T3 (s)
1 1.471 1.566 1.702
2 1.472 1.558 1.701
3 1.464 1.559 1.695
4 1.465 1.569 1.700
5 1.471 1.566 1.702
T 1=1.263(s) T 2=1.446(s)
T 3=1.580( s)

√ √ √
5 5

∑ (T ¿¿i −T )2 ∑ (T ¿¿i−T )2
5

s . d=
ⅈ=1
≈ 0.024 (s) ¿ s . d=
ⅈ=1
≈ 0.022( s)¿
∑ (T ¿¿ i−T )2
l̇=1
5 5 Δ T 3= ≈ 0.054 ( s)¿
s.d s.d 5
→ ∆ T1 ≈ S . D ≈ ≈ 0.010 (s) → ∆ T 2≈ S . D ≈ ≈ 0.010(s ) s .d
√5 √5 → ∆ T3 ≈ S . D ≈ ≈ 0.024(s)
√5

* Determination of the oscillation period of a thread pendulum as a function

of the pendulum length:

√ ( )
2
l (s) → g=l 2 π ( m ∕ s2 )
T =2 π
Pendulum with vertical oscillation plane: g T

a.L1=0.300 (m)

g1=L1
( ) 2π 2
T1
=0.400
1.263(
2 ×3.141 2
)
=9.89 ( m ∕ s )
2

√( )( )( )
∆ T 1 2 ∆ l1 2
√( )( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
∆π 0.010 0.001 0.001
Δ g 1=g 1 × −2 + + 2 =9.89 4 + +4 =0.15(m ∕ s2 )
T1 l1 π 1.263 0.400 3.141

Then, g1=9.89± 0.15( m ∕ s 2)

Hence
2
g1=9.89± 0.15( m ∕ s )

b.L2=0.6 00 (m)

g2=L2
T2 ( )
2π 2
=0.500
2 ×3.141 2
1.446 (
=9.43 ( m ∕ s )
2
)
Δ g 2=g2 ×
√( −2
T2
+ )( )( )
∆ T 2 2 ∆ l2 2
l2
+ 2
∆π 2
π
=9.43 4
1.446
+
√(
0.010 2 0.001 2
0.500
+4
3.141 )(
0.001 2
) (2
=0.13(m ∕ s ) )
Then, g2=9.43± 0.13( m ∕ s 2)
 Hence
2
g2=9.43± 0.13( m ∕ s )
c.L3=0.70 0 (m)

g3=L3
( )2π 2
T3
=0.600
1.580 (
2 ×3.141 2
)
=9.48 ( m ∕ s 2 )

√( )( )( )
∆ T 3 2 ∆ l3 2
√( )( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
∆π 0.024 0.001 0.001
Δ g 3=g3 × −2 + +2 =9.48 4 + +4 =0.28(m ∕ s 2)
T3 l3 π 1.580 0.600 3.141

Then, g3=9.43± 0.28( m ∕ s 2)

Hence
2
g3=9.43± 0.28( m ∕ s )

2)Pendulum with inclined oscillation plan:

Tria θ1 =0 ° θ2 =10 ° θ3 =20 °

l T1 (s) T2 (s) T3 (s)
1 0.790 0.699 0.828
2 0.779 0.710 0.757
3 0.772 0.722 0.781
4 0.795 0.739 0.777
5 0.793 0.719 0.767
T 2=0.736( s)
T 3=0.789(s)

√
T 1=0.787(s)

√ √
5

∑ (T ¿¿i−T )2
5 5

∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) 2

s . d= ⅈ=1
≈ 0.028( s) ¿
∑
˙
(T ¿¿i−T )
2

ⅈ=1 l =1
s . d= ≈ 0.016(s) ¿ 5 s . d= ≈ 0.025 ( s ) ¿
5 5
s.d
s. d → ∆ T 2≈ S . D ≈ ≈ 0.012( s) s .d
→ ∆ T1 ≈ S . D ≈ ≈ 0.007 (s ) √5 → ∆ T3 ≈ S . D ≈ ≈ 0.011(s)
√5 √5
Tria θ4 =40 ° θ5 =60 ° θ6=80 °
l T4 (s) T5 (s) T6 (s)
1 0.909 1.190 1.808
2 0.879 1.054 1.699
3 0.971 1.104 1.729
4 0.922 1.081 1.807
5 0.921 1.039 1.801
T 4=0.922(s) T 5=1.092(s) T 6=1.805(s)

√ √ √
5 5 5

∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) 2
∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) 2
∑ (T ¿¿ i−T )2
ⅈ=1 ⅈ=1 ⅈ=1
s . d= ≈ 0.038(s) ¿ s . d= ≈ 0.054 (s) ¿ Δ T 6= ≈ 0.081( s)¿
5 5 5
s.d s .d s.d
→∆T4≈S. D≈ ≈ 0.017( s) → ∆ T5 ≈ S . D ≈ ≈ 0.024(s) → ∆ T 6 ≈ S . D≈ ≈ 0.036( s)
√5 √5 √5

*Determination of the gravitational acceleration as a function of the

inclination of the pendulum force:

Pendulum with inclined oscillation plane:T =2 π

√ l
g cos θ
(s)→ g=
l
cos θ T ( )
2π 2
(m ∕ s2 )

l=0.140 ( m )
o
a.θ1=0

g1=
l
cos θ 1 T 1 ( )
2 π 2 0.140 2 ×3.141 2
=
cos Oo 0.787 ( 2
=8.92(m ∕ s ) )

√( )( )( )(
∆ T 1 2 ∆ l1 2 ∆ cos θ1 2
) √( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2 2
∆π 0.007 0.001 0.001 0.001
Δ g 1=g 1 × −2 + + 2 + =8.92 4 + +4 + =0.17(m
T1 l1 π cos θ1 0.788 0.140 3.141 1.000

Then, g1=8.92± 0.17(m ∕ s2 )

Hence

g1=8.92± 0.17(m ∕ s2 )

b. θ2=10o
g2=
l
( )
cos θ 2 T 2
=
cos 10 o (
2 π 2 0.140 2 ×3.141 2
0.736 ) 2
=10.35(m ∕ s )

√( )( )( )(
∆ T 2 2 ∆ l2 2
)
∆ cos θ 2 2
√( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2 2
∆π 0.012 0.001 0.001 0.001
Δ g 2=g2 × −2 + + 2 + =10.35 4 + +4 + =0.34 (
T2 l2 π cos θ2 0.736 0.140 3.141 0.984

Then, g2=10.35 ± 0.34( m ∕ s 2)

Hence

g2=10.35 ± 0.34( m ∕ s 2)

c. θ3 =20 o

g3=
l
( )
cos θ 3 T 3
=
cos 20
o
0.789 (
2 π 2 0.140 2× 3.141 2
) 2
=9.44 (m ∕ s )

√( )( )( )(
∆ T 3 2 ∆ l3 2 ∆ cos θ3 2
) √( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2 2
∆π 0.011 0.001 0.001 0.001
Δ g 3=g3 × −2 + +2 + =9.44 4 + +4 + =0.27( m
T3 l3 π cos θ 3 0.789 0.140 3.141 0.939

Then, g3=9.44 ± 0.27(m ∕ s2 )

Hence
2
g3=9.44 ± 0.27(m ∕ s )

d. θ 4=4 0o

g4 =
l
( )
cos θ4 T 4
=
cos 40 o (
2 π 2 0.140 2 ×3.141 2
0.922 ) 2
=8.48 (m ∕ s )

√( )( )( )(
∆ T 4 2 ∆l 4 2
)
∆ cos θ 4 2
√( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2 2
∆π 0.017 0.001 0.001 0.001
Δ g 4=g 4 × −2 + + 2 + =8.48 4 + +4 + =0.31(
T4 l4 π cos θ 4 0.922 0.140 3.141 0.766
 2
Then, g4 =8.48 ± 0.31(m ∕ s )

Hence

g4 =8.48 ± 0.31(m ∕ s 2)

e. θ5 =60o

( ) ( )
2 2
l 2π 0.140 2× 3.141 2
g5= = =9.26 (m ∕ s )
cos θ 5 T 5 cos 60
o
1.092

√( )( )( )(
∆ T 5 2 ∆ l5 2
) √(
2
Δ g 5=g5 × −2
T5
+
l5
+2
∆ π 2 ∆ cos θ5
π
+
cos θ 5
=9.26 4
1.092 )(
0.024 2 0.001 2
+
0.140 ) (
+4
3.141
+ )(
0.001 2 0.001 2
0.500 )
=0.41(m

Then, g5=9.26 ±0.41(m ∕ s 2)

Hence
2
g5=9.26 ±0.41( m ∕ s )

f. θ6 =8 0o

g6 =
l
( )
cos θ 6 T 6
=
cos 80
o (
2 π 2 0.140 2 ×3.141 2
1.805 )
=9.76(m ∕ s2 )

√( )( )( )(
∆ T 6 2 ∆ l6 2
)
∆ cos θ6 2
√( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2 2
∆π 0.036 0.001 0.001 0.001
Δ g 6=g6 × −2 + + 2 + =9.76 4 + +4 + =0.39 (m
T6 l6 π cos θ6 1.805 0.140 3.141 0.173

Then, g6 =9.76 ± 0.39(m ∕ s 2)

Hence
2
g6 =9.76 ± 0.39(m ∕ s )
3)Conclusion

Gravitational acceleration does not depend on the length of the rod or the
angle of inclined oscillation plane because it only depends on altitude, depth
and other factors like air density, the gravitational effect of the Moon and the
Sun.