English How would you handle

Pedagogical Module 5 an emergency?

Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts

Tenth Grade EGB

Conditional phrases 5

So
Emergencies
6

c
around the world

ia
Stl
Modal of deduction 4

ud
ie
s
People in
7 emergencies

Hi
Causative verbs 3

st
or
ish

y
gl

La
It's an
En

Reported questions 2 Filling out an

ng
8

ua
accident report
Emergency

g
e
an
d
Future with “will”

Li
1

te
and “going to”

ra
urt
e
Values

11 Environmental care 10 Empathy 9 Preparation

This is an emergency!
Every day many people live through
unexpected situations that are
beyond their control, put them at
risk and require immediate action.
These are called emergencies.
When facing these situations it is
necessary to make quick and correct
decisions because a decision during
an emergency can be the difference
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between someone's life or death.

What do you consider an emergency? In pairs make a list of 5 situations that you
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consider an emergency and 5 situations that are confused with emergencies.

1
 Lesson A

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What should you do when an emergency happens?

911

Whenever someone needs help immediately because they are injured

or in danger of getting injured, you must call 911. For example, in the
following situations, call 911:
• A fire.
• After an automobile accident, or an overdose of drugs or alcohol.
• When someone can't breathe because of an illness or if someone is not
conscious.
• Someone is choking.
• When someone is breaking into a house or private property.
pik
ee

Another very important thing is to know what information you should

Fr

provide so the 911 dispatch operator can help you. First, you should say
what the emergency is. Then, where you are or where the emergency is.
Finally, if you are you alone or with someone and who needs help.

Retrieved from: https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/emergencies.html

1. Work with a partner to discuss and answer the following questions.

Discuss in groups. a. What are some examples of serious emergencies?
• Have you ever called to
911? What happened?

• Did you give the right

information according
to what we read? Explain.

• What information did you b. Why do you think it is important to call and give information before
give? Did your call help the anything else?
situation? How?

Vocabulary

injured. harmed, damaged,
or impaired
choke. have severe difficulty
in breathing because of a
constricted or obstructed
throat or a lack of air
dispatcher/dispatch operator.
2. Imagine an emergency happened right now where you are. What
information would you give to the dispatcher? Write the information you
have to give to the 911 dispatch operator. Check the text above for help.
a.
b.
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a person who receives c.

messages and organizes
d.
the movement of people
or vehicles

2
 Oral Communication

What are some things that people can do to prepare for an emergency?

Be Prepared!

1. Listen to part 1 of the report about emergencies.

Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
2. In pairs discuss what we must do to prepare for an emergency.
Write 2 recommendations on the lines below.

a.
After listening to the
audio, check to see if
b. your recommendations
were included. Which

recommendations will
3. Listen to part 2 and circle the correct answer to complete the statements you do in the future?
below.

a. The instructions given are for

• dispatchers.
• anyone.

• only for those who have lived an emergency.

b. During an emergency
• it is impossible to call an ambulance.

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• people can’t get what they need.
• people may forget the instructions of dispatchers.

c. The best we can do before an emergency is to

• be prepared for the emergency.
• prevent the emergency. Value: Preparation

• foresee the emergency.

How important is it to be
prepared for an emergency?
d. The final goal is
We can prevent a fatal
• to prevent. situation by knowing how
• to experience an emergency. to act before, during and after
an emergency.
• to minimize the damage.
Just a few minutes of planning
4. Write True(T) or False(F) in front of the statements below. can keep your whole family
safer in an emergency.
a. During an emergency, we must ask ourselves what the
most complex part of the emergency is.

b. We must categorize the priorities of an emergency to plan

for the next emergency.
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Vocabulary
c. It is helpful to respond to the most urgent thing.
change one's mind. adopt
d. We need to be prepared for an earthquake with a fire
a different opinion or plan
extinguisher.

3
Reading
History
How important is empathy when you are a 911 dispatcher? What other characteristics are important?
Value: Empathy
Empathy is very important
because it helps us understand
how others are feeling. It is
like being in someone else’s
shoes. As a dispatcher, the
life of other people depends
on your understanding of
their situation, and a quick
response. We should also
show empathy for people
even when situations are
not an emergency. In simple
terms, consider how the other
person feels.
Grammar Tip
When we use reported
questions, we usually need to
change the pronouns, time,
place and tense (to its past
form/a backshift). The word
order also changes. It doesn’t
have the order of a question,
but of a normal sentence. When
reporting Wh questions, we
introduce the question with the
verb “asked + wh”. To report
yes/no questions we use “asked
if” or “asked whether.” Do,
does and did are NOT used in
reported questions.
For example:
Direct yes/no question
She said “Mario, do you like the
picture?”
Reported yes/no questions
She asked Mario if he liked the
picture.
Direct Wh question c. Dispatcher: “What are you
Mark asked “Where does Gaby
live?”
Reported Wh question Ms. Stevens?”
Mark asked where Gaby lived.
Qualities of a 911 Dispatcher
If someone asked the 911 dispatcher, Donna Reneau, she would
confirm that a lack of empathy can destroy your career as a 911 dispatcher.
In August 2019, Debbie Stevens called 911 at 4 am after she was swept
away by floodwaters while she was delivering newspapers in her car.
However, Reneau, the dispatcher, did not handle the call very well. In
the police recordings, she asked where Ms. Stevens was, and repeated to
a sobbing Ms. Stevens, “This will teach you next time, don’t drive in the
water” and “You put yourself in danger”.
Stevens died from drowning after 22 minutes on the line with Reneau
begging for help and explaining that she could not swim.
The police department informed the public that after the event Debbie
Reneau handed in her resignation.
Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/01/us/arkansas-911-dispatcher.html
Work with a partner or in a small group. Define empathy in your own
words and why it was important in this situation.
1. Work in small groups. Discuss possible answers to the questions
below. Think about other questions that could be asked about what
happened.
• Why did Ms. Stevens call 911? What was Reneau’s mistake?
• What should Reneau have done during the 911 call?
• Was Reneau’s resignation the correct decision?
2. Write the letter of the sentence in direct speech next to the same
sentence written in reported speech.
Direct speech Reported speech
a. Ms. Reneau: “Where are you The dispatcher asked what
Ms. Stevens?” she was doing.
b. Ms. Stevens: “Where are the Ms. Reneau asked Ms.
police?” Stevens where she was.
Ms. Reneau asked if Ms.
doing?” Stevens was hurt.
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d. Ms. Reneau: “Are you hurt Ms. Stevens asked where the
police were.
4
 Writing
Have you ever had to make quick decisions in an emergency?

Advice for Emergencies

1. Dr. Mora writes a weekly health column in the newspaper. Read the
next column on tips.

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Dear readers,
This week I received three very important questions that are
related. In the first consultation, Carmen told me that her 4-year-old
daughter had fallen and hit her head while playing in the garden. In
the second consultation, James told me that his 76-year-old father
had slipped getting out of the tub and knocked himself against the
sink. Finally, Felicitas wrote to me to tell me that her 13 and 15-year-
old children were practicing for a bicycle competition. Suddenly, one
of them fell off the bike, landed on the ground and then passed out.
My advice in these cases is as long as there isn't a doctor at home, you
should ...

2. Work with a partner. Imagine you are Dr. Mora. Discuss advice you could
give the readers about these types of accidents. Write ideas and discuss
ideas for recommendations for the three injuries mentioned in the text
above.

1.

2.

3.

4.
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3. Write a 50-70 word letter to the column of Dr. Mora asking for advice in
the case of an accident you (or someone you know) had. Describe what
happened, and what the symptoms were. Grammar Tip

Remember we use the modal

should + verb in the base form
to give recommendations or
pieces of advice. For example:
You should exercise, it is good for
your body.
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She shouldn’t take her phone out

on the street at night because it is
dangerous.

5
Language Through the Arts
How stressful would it be to have a job as a 911 dispatcher?
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Circle the letter that is the
main idea of the passage?
a. The girl was in the trunk of
the car.
b. The movie is about a
dispatcher tries to recover a
girl who is kidnapped.
c. The dispatcher faced the
same criminal who killed a
girl before.
Vocabulary
self- confidence. a feeling
of trust in one's abilities,
qualities, and judgment
to kidnap. take (someone)
away illegally by force,
typically to obtain a ransom
trunk. the storage
compartment of an
automobile
The Call
The Oscar winner Halle Berry and Oscar nominee Abigail Breslin made
a movie in 2013 called “The Call”.
This movie is about a 911 dispatcher who loses self-confidence because
she made a very serious mistake that cost a girl's life. Later, the same
dispatcher is in another situation with the same criminal. A girl makes a call
to ask for help because she was kidnapped, and put in the trunk of a car. The
dispatcher makes a promise and tells the girl that working together they will
save her life.
From then on, the dispatcher makes an effort to find the girl who gives
her instructions and hints on how to find her. The movie is a mix of action
and suspense with an unexpected ending.
Retrieved from: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_call_2013make
1. Write the letter of the expression next to the picture it describes.
a. Make a mistake d. Make an effort
b. Make a call e. Give instructions
c. Make a promise
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2. Complete the sentences by writing the correct expressions from exercise
1 in the blank spaces. Be careful to change he verb tense if needed and
add words if necessary.
a. Oh no! I in a question of the test. I will lose a point.
b. Don’t fight. You are siblings. Let’s that you will
respect each other.
c. I don’t know how to handle this machine. Can you to
do it correctly?
d. A: I don’t understand it!
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B: Come on, Anita. and you will understand it.
e. Excuse me, may I use your phone? I need to .
6
 Oral Communication

Have you ever called 911 for an emergency? What was the situation?

“Hello. What is the Emergency?”

1. Before you listen, look at the image. What is happening? Discuss possible
answers with a classmate. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.

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Tip
2. Mrs. Valencia is calling 911. Listen to the conversation. Was your guess
correct? Work with a partner to discuss the questions below. Make sure everyone in your
home knows how to dial 911,
• What is the problem?
and what information to give
• What information does the dispatcher ask for? the dispatchers. This includes
young children, who may be
• How would you handle a similar situation? responsible for calling 911 if
an adult is in an emergency.
3. Listen to the conversation again. Read the statements and write True(T)
or False(F).

a. Mrs. Valencia is lying on the floor.

b. The 911 dispatcher asks for the address.

c. Mrs. Valencia lives next to a hospital.

d. Mr. Valencia had a heart attack before.

e. The dispatcher tells Mrs. Valencia she can give her Write ideas in your notebook
husband aspirin. to prepare for the role-play
described below.

4. Listen to the questions the dispatcher asks on the audio. With a partner • Student A. You are calling
practice asking and answering the questions below with a calm and clear 911 because you had an
voice. emergency. You need help.
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a. What is your emergency? • Student B. You are a 911

dispatcher. You take the call
b. Where do you live? of student A and you have
to help him/her.
c. Are you alone or with someone?

7
 Lesson B

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Where does the number 911 for emergencies come from?

The History of 911

911 was born as 999 in the UK. It was chosen because it was almost
impossible to dial it by mistake on old pulse-dial phones. The number 911
was designated in the 1950s in Canada, and years later in the US by the
fire departments to ensure public safety. Firefighters didn't want people
to call different numbers for different emergencies. They wanted to give
a centralized public health service. They chose 911 because it was easy to
remember, easy to dial, and had never been used.
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The number 911 is not the emergency number around the world. In
Europe, you must dial 112, in China and Hong Kong 999, in Australia
000, in New Zealand 111, in Bolivia 118, and in Brazil 192. In many other
countries, there are different emergency numbers.
In summary, there is a centralized number to handle emergencies in
every country. Therefore, if you travel to another country, you should ask
for what number to dial in an emergency since that information since it can
save your life.
Retrieved from: https://www.medicalalertadvice.com/articles/the-history-of-911/

1. Work with a partner and discuss the following questions.

Tip a. Where does the number 911 for emergencies come from?
When you read, look at the
title and subtitles and try to
guess the information and b. Why were 999 and 911 chosen? In your opinion, which is better?
vocabulary that you will find
in the text. This will prepare
you to understand the content c. Why do you think that there isn’t just one emergency number
more easily. worldwide?

2. Complete the sentences with information from the text above.

a. To have an emergency centralized number is important because

b. To know the emergency number of different countries is important

c. Firefighters didn’t want .

3. In groups, discuss what emergency number or numbers are there

available where you live. When were they established? Who designated
Vocabulary
these numbers?
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to dial. press the numbers to

make a telephone call

to ensure. guarantee

8
 Oral Communication

Can you plan ahead for emergencies? What can you do to prevent them?

Thinking Ahead

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1. Listen to the first part of the conversation between a parent and their
children. Then complete the sentences below with information from the Audio
audio. Listen to the dialogue.

a. The father/mother wants to .

b. They know how to act if someone .

2. Monica is also in the airport. Predict where is she going to travel to?
Grammar Tip
3. Read the questions. Then listen to the second part of the conversation
and circle the correct answer. Remember we use will and
going to to talk about the
a. Mónica is going to spend her vacation in future.
• Stockholm.
Use will to express promise or
• Madagascar. willingness to do something
right away.
• The Amazon.
Use going to to talk about plans
b. Monica knows the other person from
or things that someone intends
• school. to do in the future.

• work. Examples:
• travel. I'll get milk on the way home.
c. What is Monica sure about? I'm going to study economics.
• She is going to travel alone.

• She is going to spend time with the family.

• There is nothing to worry about.

d. Which of the following is Monica not going to have with her all the time?
Discuss. What type of photos
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• Binoculars. do you think Monica is going

to take? What will she find in
• Compass. the Amazon to take pictures
of?
• Camera.

9
Language Through the Arts
Who was the first person to sail the whole Amazonas river? When was the trip? What do you think it was like?
Pixabay/DEZALB
Tip
When you read, think what
the purpose of the author of
this text is. Does the author
want to inform you with facts,
to entertain you with a story
or to convince you to agree
with a specific idea?
The Discovery of a Different World
Ecuador is a country with four regions: The coast, highlands, Amazon,
and the Galapagos Islands. The Amazon is a region full of wonders, but also
full of dangers. In 1541, Gonzalo Pizarro started a trip from Quito to the
Amazon. Once in the jungle, he and his men sailed, but they didn't find what
they were looking for. Instead, they were in awful conditions, so hungry
that they ate their dogs and horses. Pizarro sent Francisco de Orellana,
his second in command, and 50 other men to find food and be back in 15
days. However, after they separated, it was impossible for Orellana to come
back. So, he was elected captain of his crew, and together they sailed the
entire Amazon River until they reached the Atlantic Ocean. For months,
Fray Gaspar de Carvajal wrote a book about crossing the continent and
the experiences the crew had to live through: the lack of food, the diseases,
the dangers and emergencies that they had to face until they finished their
journey. This book is very valuable for literature and history.
Retrieved from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/historia/grandes-reportajes/
la-exploracion-del-amazonas_8500/6
Dangers in the Amazon
If you have ever been in the Amazon, you know how amazingly beautiful
and big it is; full of wonders we cannot find anywhere else. However, unless
you are an expert on plants and animals, you should be informed of the risks
there are before traveling to the Amazon. First, illnesses. It is not uncommon
for tourists to get sick while traveling through the Amazon. The biggest
threat are mosquitoes which carry yellow fever and malaria. Another issue
visitors may find is getting sick from food or water. Their immune system
is not used to the different bacteria in the food and water. Also, the weather
can be the cause of problems. The wet season in the Amazon is no joke.
It lasts 6 months, from October to May, and in March and April there are
heavy rains which can lead to floods and very strong river currents.
Retrieved from: https://traveltips.usatoday.com/amazon-rainforest-survival-guide-1156.html
1. In the text “Dangers in the Amazon”, the author’s purpose is to:
a. Entertain
b. Inform
c. Persuade
2. Work in small groups and discuss the questions below. In your notebook,
answer the questions based on your discussion and the text you just read.
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a. Do you think Orellana’s and Pizarro’s crew had to face any of the
dangers mentioned in the second text?
b. Why do you think that people respect and applaud what Francisco de
Orellana did?
10
 Oral Communication

Why is it important to communicate information correctly during an emergency?

The Deadly Amazon

Home to ten percent of the known species in the world, the Amazon
rainforest has some of the rarest and most unique forms of life on the planet.
Some of the most dangerous and deadly species in the world also live there.
Therefore, nature lovers have to be careful when traveling through the
Amazon because of animals such as the jaguar, the green anaconda, the toxic
poison dart frog, the electric eel, the piranha, the giant yellow-leg centipede
and mosquitos.
Retrieved from: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-most-dangerous-animals-of-the-amazon-
rainforest.html

1. Monica arrived in the Amazon. What kind

of problem do you think Monica had? What
are common problems for travelers in the
Amazon? Discuss these questions with a
partner or in a small group.

2. Listen to Monica's phone call to her mother.

Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
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3. Now listen to the conversation later between Monica's parents. Put the
following phrases in order from 100% certainty to 0% certainty.

a. She must be feeling healthy now. Grammar Tip

We use modals to make

b. It might be an infection.
deductions. That is, to
c. She can't feel completely healthy yet. express conclusions from the
information we have or had
d. Monica may have a translator. available. Use can, could, may
or might to express that you
e. It could be a cold. are not certain of something.
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Use must to show that you are

almost certain and use can’t
What do you consider the greatest danger in the Amazon? Brainstorm to show that you are sure that
with a partner to discusss possible answers. something is not possible.

11
Reading
How well are humans coexisting with nature? Give examples.
Pixabay/Picography
Value: Environmental care
Humankind and the
environment. Do we coexist
with nature? Or do we
take advantage of it? What
are the long term effects
of destroying the Amazon
rainforest?
Tip
When you read, pay attention
to the details the author
uses to help you understand
important details. Authors
often use personal stories,
examples, numbers, and
names of people or places.
Vocabulary
deforestation. the cutting
down and removal of trees
from forests
The Real Risk in the Amazon
1. Before reading: Look at the picture and imagine what the situation is.
Read the title and predict what the main idea of the article might be?
We often think about the risks that humans have when going to the
Amazon rainforest. We talk about deadly animals that could kill a man
in a matter of minutes. However, we should stop for a moment to think.
Who is really in danger in that environment? How many cases of deaths
due to attacks of animals are there every year? How many animals and
plants are lost every year thanks to deforestation, fires, constructions,
and other human activities?
Experts say that approximately 137 plant, animal and insect species
die every single day due to rainforest deforestation. That is, 50,000
species a year.
But don't be mistaken. It doesn't mean that there weren't humans
living and interacting with the environment in the past. Five centuries
ago, there were approximately ten million Indingenous people living in
the Amazonian Rainforest. Today there are less than 200,000. Obviously
the Indigenous lifestyle was radically different from ours.
We should ask ourselves which is the deadliest living creature? Who
is really in danger?
Retrieved from: http://www.rain-tree.com/facts.htm
1. Complete the sentences based on the information in the text you read.
a. According to the text, the most dangerous creatures in the Amazon are
.
b. Plants and animal species are lost every year due to .
2. Check the following ways the author uses to give details in the text?
Then, underline them in the text.
• Examples
• Names of people or places
• Personal stories
• Numbers
3. Find the boldfaced words in the text and guess their meaning from the
context. Write a synonym for each word.
Deadly
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Danger
Environment
12
 Writing

Why is protecting the environment more important now that in the past? Or is it?

Saving Nature

1. Work in small groups.

• Research about the animals and plants in Yasuní.

• Find out what Yasuni ITT is.

• Think about 3 advantages and disadvantages of keeping and renewing

the Yasuni ITT initiative.

• Organize your ideas in the chart below.

Advantages Disadvantages

Pixabay/dasschwammbo
2. Continue working in groups. Use the table below to organize ideas
that you will use to write a letter to the president. Remember, good Tip
decisions have positive consequences, and bad decisions have negative
consequences. When you write you letter,
a. Agree on what decisions can be made. you need to consider who are
you writing to and what your
b. Explain the consequences of the decisions. tone should be. Because you
are writing to the president
c. Complete the chart with the ideas you offer and their consequences.
about a national park in
Ecuador, your tone should
Decisions Consequences be formal, serious and polite.
That way, your letter will be
taken seriously.
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3. In your notebook, write a 50 - 70 word letter to the president to ask him

to renew the Yasuni-ITT initiative. Explain what will happen if we don’t
take care of the Amazon, and what the consequences for everyone and
everything will be. Also, offer ideas of what the alternatives could be if
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good decisions are made.

13
Assessment
Speaking

1 Role-play this situation. With your partner, take a a.

few minutes to read through your part and prepare
b.
ideas. You may write some notes to organize your
ideas on the lines below each person's role. c.

d.

e.

2 Problem-solving.
a. In groups. Consider the problem.
Lucas just came back from vacation. He said
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that he had a great time. He ate some delicious

food, he played volleyball until late because the
night was really warm, even when it was raining.
Student A: However, he told you that he was not feeling
You are a doctor. A patient who was feeling well. Yesterday, Lucas said that he had muscle
very sick called you this morning and said it was pain, he felt weak and he had a headache. Today
an emergency. You weren’t at your office, so his face, togue and eyes are red, he has a fever,
your assistant got the message. You need to ask and he wants to vomit.
about the information the patient gave. Make
some deductions of what may be the problem. b. Discuss as a group the following questions
What are the possible reasons that Lucas is
Questions to ask assistant about patient. feeling like that? Make some deductions. What
do you think the problem is? Use modals of
a. deduction. (May, might, could, must, can’t)
Be careful if you are sure of what you say, or if
b. your conclusions are possible.
c.

Deductions about patient's problem.

Writing

a. 3 After your group discussion, on the lines below,

write 5 deductions about Lucas and his condition
b. using your own words. Use each modal for only one
c. sentence.
a.

b.

Student B: c.

You are the assistant. You got a call this d.

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morning from a patient. He said that he was feeling

terrible and explained to you what the emergency e.
was. Report the doctor all the information the
patient gave you.

14
 Assessment
Reading
1 Read this email:
From: N. K Lee
To: Monica
Subject: dangers that travelers are exposed
to in Ecuador
Dear Monica,
How are you? I heard from Danny that maybe
you were sick. If so, I hope that you are feeling
well now.
I’m writing you this email because I want you
to write a long article about the dangers that
travelers are exposed to in Ecuador. I also want
a short documentary with pictures from the
whole country. I don’t want you to only stay in
the Amazon, but also to explore the highlands
and the coast too. I am sure that this wasn’t
your plan due to the limited time you have. I
know you must need money to do everything.
Therefore, I already talked to the finance
department, and they will make a deposit in
your account whenever you need it.
Please let me know right away if you want to
accept my offer. Get well soon.
Sincerely,
N. K Lee
I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.
Self-evaluation
Topics
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I can read about and discuss the importance of the environment.
I can talk about what to do during an emergency.
I can read and write about how human's decisions have consequences in nature.
I can read and talk about how to prepare for possibly dangerous situations.
How would you handle an emergency?
2 Read the mail Monica’s boss sent her. Select True(T)
and False(F). Explain why if you chose False in some
sentences.
a. The boss is sure that Monica is sick.
b. The boss wants Monica to do an article
with images of the Amazon only.
c. Monica must have enough money for
the whole trip, and doesn't need any more.
d. The boss is completely certain that
Monica will do the article.
e. The finance department has the
money already.
Writing
3 Imagine you are Monica and you got the mail from
your boss. In your notebook, write a 50 word email
back explaining whether you accept or decline his
offer, and what your plans are. Don’t forget to use
the grammar seen in this module.
4 Choose 5 vocabulary words from the first part of
this module. Use one word each in 5 sentences
using your own words on the lines below.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
I check the box that most applies to me
I do it I do it I can I can’t do it
very well somewhat well improve without help
15
 Project 1
Managing an Emergency
We cannot foresee every emergency, but we can be prepared to act in case
of one.

1 Make groups of 4.

Tip

After you have gone through

2 Each person will have a role.

all of the steps to prepare your
presentation, practice the
presentation a couple of times
from start to finish. This
will help you to anticipate
problems, and improve your
presentation before you are
in front of the class.
• Student A will be the timekeeper and check that
the group works according to the time limit the
teacher gives for the project.
• Student B will be the discussion manager to
make sure that every member of the group
collaborates.
• Student C will take notes

• Student D will report the findings and

conclusions of the group to the class in a
presentation.

3 Imagine you are the safety committee in

charge of making the school a safe place.
Do some research about an emergency that
could affect the school. Make sure not to
have the same topic as another group.

4 Decide what your group’s school emergency will be.

5 Preparing your presentation:

• Identify the steps to take to be prepared for the

emergency.

• Describe what people should and should not do

during this emergency.

• Make a visual diagram to compare the correct

and incorrect, actions and decisions regarding
the emergency.
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• Explain the possible/probable consequence of

each action and decision. Use “will” and “going
to” and present modals (should, can, could +
base form of the verb)

16
 Let’s review!
Vocabulary

1 Complete the sentences with the correct words from b. I'm sure my dad will/is going to buy bread on
the box. There is an extra word. his way home. He'll be here soon.

Injured – Dispatcher – Choke – Threat – c. When the phone rings, I will/am going to
Flood - Emphatetic - Environment answer it because I'm expecting a call.

a. Due to the heavy rains there was a d. We won't/are not going to buy a new car until
. the house is paid for.

b. The man told the that he

Writing
was .
4 Using your own words, write two sentences with
c. To understand how someone else feels is to be will, and another two sentences with going to
. describe something in the future.

d. When you buy small toys, be careful so that small a.

kids don't on the small

pieces. b.

e. The mosquito is a real

during the rainy season. c.

Grammar
d.
2 The second sentence in each pair of sentences below
has a mistake. Rewrite the second sentence on the
lines below using the correct modal of deduction.

a. A: He is looking up into the tree.

B: His cat must have climbed into the tree
B:

b. A: He is not moving and not answering me. His

eyes are closed.
B: He can’t be unconscious.
B:

c. A: My friend lives in that house.

B. He might live there, there is no furniture and
the roof is destroyed.
B.

3 Circle either, will or going to to correctly complete

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the sentences below.

a. All my friends will/are going to take a bus to the

beach next week.

17
 Lesson C

Communication and Cultural Awareness

How important is it to keep traditions alive for current and future generations?

The Last Ice-Man

For anyone who doesn't come from the highlands, it is not always easy to
walk around cities like Quito, or La Paz because the lack of oxygen. It makes
people have to stop frequently to catch their breath, gives them headaches
or even makes them dizzy. That is, however, something Baltazar Ushca
can't relate at all with. This man is known for being the last ice-man in
Ecuador. Baltazar Ushca climbs twice a week to the Chimborazo glacier to
collect ice, and then goes back down to sell it in the market. He has been
Freepik/wirestock

doing it for more than 50 years. It is not an easy job, because he has to travel
for about four hours, then it takes him three more hours to take the ice from
the glacier. Baltazar is the last person who does this work. Getting ice is not
profitable anymore, so he guides tourists up Chimborazo.
Retrieved from: https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/travel/2019/04/ecuador-last-ice-man

1. Work with a partner to answer each of the questions according to the

reading.
a. What was Baltazar Ushca's job for 50 years, and what does he also
do now?

Interesting Facts
b. What made being an ice-man difficult?

Because many of the glaciers

in Ecuador and the world are
c. Why do you think that it is not a profitable job to be an ice-man?
melting, they do not go as far
down the mountain as they
used to. On some volcanoes
in Ecuador, that means to get d. Do you think this tradition should be kept in the future? If so, how and
why?
to the ice, you have to travel
up to one half of a kilometer
more than was required a few
decades ago. 2. Circle the correct option to complete the sentences.

a. Baltazar Ushca can work as long as:

• there is a mountain.
• there is ice.
• there are tourists.

b. Baltazar cannot take the 50 kg blocks of ice to the market, unless:

• he has a jacket.
• he sells them for a good price.
Vocabulary • he takes his mules with him.

lack. being without, or not

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c. Because it is necessary, Baltazar:

having enough of something • guides tourists.
dizzy. having a sensation of • carries tourists.
you head spinning around
• sells to the tourists.

18
 Oral Communication

How important is it to follow doctor’s recommendations? Do you follow them?

The Doctor Said…

1. Work in Pairs. Monica became cautious. What is the meaning of the

word cautious? Are you a cautious person?

2. Monica and the doctor are talking about her health, the infection she had,
and the safety measures she should take to avoid getting sick again. Audio
Listen to the conversation and answer the questions below. Listen to the dialogue.

3. Read the statements below, and then circle the best answer.

a. “You have to take all the pills, even if you are feeling better.”

• If you feel better, you can stop taking them.

• Take the pills, only if you feel better.

• It doesn’t matter if you feel better or not. Take all the pills anyway.

b. “You won't get another infection as long as you take the pills.”

• If you take the pills you won’t get another infection

• If you don’t take the pills, you won’t have another infection.

• If you take the pills, you will have another infection.

c. “I won't drink tap water, even if I am thirsty”

• I will drink tap water if I’m thirsty.

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• I will only drink tap water if I’m thirsty.

• I won’t drink tap water. It doesn’t matter if I’m thirsty.

4. Work with a partner to role-play the situation below. Then, switch roles.

a. Student A: You are a doctor. Your patient is already obese. You

want your patient to avoid future health problems. You have
to forbid the consumption of sugar, fat, and recommend dairy
products, fruits and vegetables. Your patient can be healthy Grammar Tip
again only if he/she follows the diet you prescribe. Give her or
him specific rules. Use “even if” and “as long as”. We use conditional phrases to
express requirements or limits
for something to happen. Two
b. Student B: You think you are a little overweight. You want conditional phrases are "even
to be healthy. Explain what the problem is and listen to the if", which is used for something
doctor’s recommendations. Accept or decline to follow the that will or could happen; and
recommendations. Express your feelings about following the
"as long as", which expresses a
diet.
condition for a period of time.
Look at the examples below:
5. Now make it personal. Discuss the following questions in small groups. You could get sick even if you are
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• Do you think it is important to always follow the instructions of an careful.

expert?
As long as you follow the signs you
• Are there situations when not following their instructions is a better shouldn’t get lost.
idea? Explain.

19
Reading
How can you avoid getting lost while in nature? What steps should you take?
Freepik
Work in pairs to write a
brief summary of the text
by answering the questions
below in your notebook.
• What is the text about?
• What is the author’s
purpose?
• What do you consider
the most important
recommendations? Explain.
Work in groups. In your
notebook, write a list of
4 other indications and
recommendations for people
who want to explore the
highlands and the mountains
for the first time. Use
conditional phrases. Share
your recommendations with
the class.
Vocabulary
harmless. not able or likely to
cause harm, not dangerous
hiker. a person who walks for
long distances in nature
path. a marked place for
walking, often in nature
Dangers at Heights
1. Look at the picture and the title of the text. What do you think the reading
will be about?
2. While you read, pay attention to any words you don’t know and underline
them.
People in Ecuador are exposed to risks in all three regions. People
usually believe that the risks are limited to the Amazon and the coast due
to the wild animals that inhabit those two regions. In the highlands, there
are not many animals that cause as much fear as in the Amazon or on he
coast. However, there is another risk in the highlands that does not come
to stalk people. People often put themselves in danger.
Beautiful in the landscape, the mountains seem harmless. However,
the Secretary of Security of Quito said that every weekend there are
emergencies in the mountains. Especially cases of people who get lost.
The main causes are that hikers take a path that is not marked, or prefer
to start their own path and then find it difficult to return.
Some advice the experts give to not get lost and get back home safely are:
• Report to your family where you are and where you are going.
• Don’t leave the marked paths.
• Don’t go alone.
• Go with an expert guide if it is a risky path.
• Save strength for the return.
• Bring snacks and water.
• Use maps to orientate yourself.
Retrieved from: https://www.ultimasnoticias.ec/las-ultimas/numero-personas-perdidas-cumbres-quito.html
3. Read the sentences and write True(T) or False(F). Correct the false
statements.
a. Report to your family where you are only if you
are going up a volcano.
b. As long as you follow the marked paths, you won’t get lost.
c. Even if you are single, you don’t have to go alone.
d. You can move off of marked paths, but only as long
as you go with an expert guide.
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e. You don’t need to save strength for the walk
back to where you started.
20
 Writing

Have you ever been lost? Where were you? What should you do if you get lost?

I Should Have Been More Prepared

1. In groups discuss the following questions. Tip

• When was the last time you got lost? Where were you? Use time words to show
• Were you alone? What happened? the steps in a process. For
example: first, next, then,
• Was it your fault? Could you have prevented it? and finally.

2. Read the letter below that a friend wrote about an accident that happened
last week.

Dear friend,
You may know about my accident. I got lost last week and it was awful.
I never thought it would happen to me. I followed every instruction so that
I would not have an accident. I woke up early because I wanted to check
that I had everything I would need. First, I made sure I had my GPS, a
map, special shoes, a waterproof jacket, and ropes. Next, I called my friend.
He was coming too, so I would not go alone. My friend didn’t arrive. I called
him, and you won’t believe it. His mother took the call, and while she was
crying, she told me that he was going to the hospital because he had fallen
down and hit his head. I was alone!
The sun was shining, so I thought that I could go alone as long as
I followed the path.
After 2 hours, I was doing just fine. The path was not marked anymore,

Pixabay/maxmann
but my GPS showed me I was on the right path. It was windy and cloudy,
but my jacket kept me warm. All of the sudden, my phone with GPS died.
Even though I had charged the battery that morning, it didn’t work.
I didn’t panic because I had my map. I took it out, but I had so much bad
luck that the wind blew it away instantly. I was lost and I couldn’t call
anybody.
It was awful because I didn’t know what to do.
Luckily for me, five hours later a group of hikers
were going down the path and found me.
That happened last week. What
about you? How were your vacations?
• In your notebook, write
Lots of love, a letter back to your friend
describing a time you
Samira got lost.

• Put the events in order

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using time expressions.

• First, next, then, finally.

• Use the letter to the left

as an example.
21
Language Through the Arts
Is mountain climbing a good topic for a movie? What movies can you think of about people hiking on mountains?
Pixabay
Pixabay/kanenori
Vocabulary
adrenaline. a chemical in
the body that helps physical
activity, and sometimes
causes a feeling of excitement
landscape. Physical features
of the earth that are often
beautiful to look at and
take pictures of, mountains,
waterfalls, etc.
climb. using feet and
sometimes hands to move
up something such as a
mountain or a ladder
Movies at Heights
Baltasar Kormakur took "Everest" to the cinema in 2015. It is a movie
about an accident eight hikers had in 1996 on the highest mountain in the
world. It earned millions at the box office. However, if you think this is
the only movie about mountain climbing, you couldn't be more wrong.
There are many movies about climbing and trekking on mountains.
If you like that type of movie, full of adrenaline and wonderful
landscapes, you will definitely enjoy the following movies.
• Sherpa: This movie focuses on Sherpa Phurba Tashi, a man who has
climbed Mount Everest 21 times
• Mountain: This film includes some of the tallest mountains around the
globe.
• Free Solo: This movie follows Alex Honnold while he tries to become
the first person to free climb El Capitan in Yosemite National Park;
without the help of any ropes, harnesses or protective equipment.
Retrieved from: https://www.tourradar.com/days-to-come/best-mountaineering-films/
After reading the text, work in small groups to answer the following
questions.
a. What do all these movies have in common?
b. Why do you think that these movies are successful?
c. What do you think is the purpose of these movies?
d. According to the text, what is the difference between free climbing and
normal mountain climbing.
• In pairs, discuss which of the movies listed in the article you consider
the most interesting? Explain why?
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• Imagine what the plot of the movie is. Take notes about what you
think happens first, next, then and finally at the end.
• Finally, share your ideas with the class.
22
 Oral Communication

What activities do you get other people to do for you?

Sometimes Plans Change

1. Listen to the conversation between Monica and her father.
Audio
2. Write the correct letter in the circle to complete the sentences below. Listen to the dialogue.

a. a bartender.
Monica’s father had
b. a barber.
cut his hair c. a hairdresser.

a. go back home.
Monica’s boss let her b. stay more time.

Pixabay/shameersk
c. dye her hair.

a. tomorrow.
Monica got someone to
take her to the coast b. in the morning.

Pixabay/sasint
c. that night.

3. Work with a partner. In your notebooks, make a list of things that other
people do for you because you can’t do them, you don’t want to do them,
or you prefer to pay for them to be done for you.

Grammar Tip
• After you have your list
We use “make” to express that someone requires another person to do completed from activity 3,
something. We use “have” when someone asks another person to do write 4 sentences in your
something. “Let” is used to express that someone allows someone to do notebook.
something, and we use “get” when someone persuades another person to
• Write one sentence for each
do something. Get is the only causative verb followed by the infinitive
of the causative verbs.
instead of the base form.
• Talk with classmates to hear
Review the examples below. ideas you may not have
thought of.
I have the hairdresser cut my hair. (The hairdresser has the choice to accept
or not)
My teacher makes me do homework. (I have no option.).
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The teacher lets me go to the bathroom. (I have permission to go)

My mother gets my father to cook dinner. (She convinces him to do it.)

23
 Lesson D

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Social Studies

What are some of the dangers we are exposed to at the beach?

Hazards at the Beach

Earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, climate change, and coastal erosion,

are among the risks which Ecuador's coastal towns are exposed to. The
Galapagos Islands also face dangers caused by humans such as plastic
pollution that can affect biodiversity.
If you are a tourist, you are probably not exposed to these risks, as your
stay will be short. However, you should be aware of the following hazards
at the beach.
• Rip currents: strong currents flowing outward from the beach to open
Pixabay/Roland Mey

water present a hazard to swimmers.

• Waves: The waves can smash against you and injure you.

• Lightning: can be very dangerous for swimmers in the water and on

the open beach.
• The sun: It is common for some people to get a sunburn at the
beach. Inoffensive as it may seem, the sun’s strong UV rays can cause
sunburn, eye problems, and even skin cancer.

Retrieved from: https://www.earthnetworks.com/blog/10-worst-beach-hazards/

1. Work with a partner to make a list of other dangers people could face at
the beach.
Pixabay/erwin66as

a.

b.

c.

2. Make groups and discuss the following points.

a. What are some possible ways to prevent or avoid all the dangers
mentioned in the text?

b. Create a list of rules using conditionals and causative verbs to stay

safe when at the beach. Check the grammar tip on page 23.

•
Vocabulary
•
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hazard. something that is •

potentially dangerous
•
current. movement of water,
wind, or even electricity •

24
 Oral Communication
Social Studies

Who helps people in need around the world?

Helping Around the World

1. Listen to the audio and answer the following questions.

Audio
a. What is the job of the WHO?? Listen to the dialogue.

b. In what three categories are emergencies classified?

c. What are the characteristics of each emergency category?

Freepik
d. Write examples of countries with emergencies in each category?

Pixabay/jsptoa
2. Work in groups and write ideas in your notebook. Perhaps through the
WHO website, research a country that is in an emergency situation right
now. What is the emergency? Place the emergency or emergencies in
one of the three categories and explain why you consider it part of that
category. What can be done to help the situation? Be prepared to dicuss
your ideas with the class.

Vocabulary

outbreak. the sudden or

violent start of something
unwelcome
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flood. an overflow of water

Pixabay/bhossfeld

from a river over an area of

land, also caused by too much
rain during a hurricane

25
Reading
History

What are the riskiest things you do every day?

Allergic Reactions

1. Read the following text and listen to it.

It is still unbelievable for Owen Carey’s family, that he died on his 18th
birthday. The incredible part is that Owen wasn’t doing anything special
or out of normal. He died after eating chicken. Owen had the waiter bring
him grilled chicken. Even though Owen informed the restaurant that he
was allergic to milk and lactose, the restaurant did not tell him the dish he
ordered had whey. After eating half of it, Owen had an allergic reaction,
which made him collapse and die.
His family asked the state to make a change. They said that Owen’s
death could have been avoided and that something good should come out
of Owen’s death. They asked the state to change the labeling policies on
food and menus. Their petition stated that food labeling should be more
Freepik

detailed because oral communication in many situations was not enough.

The family was sure that the lack of good labels was a risk for people
with allergies and made them fear eating at restaurants.

Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-49695811

2. Which of the titles below is the best for the text? Select one option and
explain why the other options shouldn’t be the title.

a. Owen Carey died in his 18th birthday after eating chicken.

b. Eating.

c. The boy whose allergy changed the law.

3. Answer the following questions with complete sentences using your

own words.

a. Who was Owen Carey and what happened to him?

b. What did the family ask the state to do?

4. Write True(T) or False(F) for following statements.

a. Owen didnt think about his allergy when he ordered chicken.

b. The restaurant didn’t inform the family that there

Vocabulary
was whey in the dish.
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whey. the watery part of milk

label. printing on a product
that identifies ingredients
and other details
c. Owen didn’t eat the whole chicken.
d. The family said that Owen’s death was inevitable.
e. The family asked for better food labeling.
26
 Writing

What emergencies could affect the community where you live? Are they only natural emergencies?

Possible Local Emergencies

1. Work in pairs to write a list of 5 emergencies or problems that could

affect your city, province or region. Then, categorize them from the most
dangerous to the least dangerous.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

2. Continue working in pairs. Once you have decided which emergency to

write about, discuss the questions below and write notes notes below as
you prepare to write a 50-70 word paragraph in your notebook.

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What is the possible emergency? What might be some of the
consequences if the emergency actually happened? What steps can be
take to prevent the emergency or minimize the consequences? What role
could the government have in the planning and response?

a. Introduction

b. Type of emergency

c. Possible consequences

d. Preparation

e. Role of government

f. Conclusion

Grammar Tip

When writing about an

emergency that is possible in
the future, be sure to use the
future tense with "will" and
"going to." Suggestions can
be made using modal verbs
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including "should." You can also

include conditional phrases such
as "even if" and "as long as."
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27
Language Through the Arts
Where do you think the phrase "blue blood" may have come from?
Freepik
Work with a partner to
discuss and answer the
questions below.
a. How is the article related
to the previous text?
b. Could the girl's case be
included in the possible
causes of the expression
“blue blood”?
Blue Blood?
Who hasn’t heard the phrase “this person thinks he/she is blue blooded”,
meaning that the person acts in a special way, as if they are refined and
better than other people. However, where does the phrase come from?
Well, the term refers to European royal nobility and it is a metaphor. The
phrase describes people whose blood in the veins appeared blue under the
skin. There are some factors that may have created this term.
First, the royal family is RH-type O. This blood type has a high copper
concentration, which makes it easier to distinguish. Less than a 1% of
the people in Europe have this blood type. This makes the characteristic
almost unique in the royal family. Second, the use of silver spoons, forks
and knives may have also contributed to the phrase “blue blood.”. High
levels of silver may cause a condition called Argyria, which can cause the
blood to turn a little bit blue. Finally, there was a lack of sun exposure
because royalty didn't work outside in the sun. This was something they
simply wouldn’t do.
Therefore, when looking through white, almost translucent skin,
veins were exposed, and appeared to be blue.
Retrieved d: https://www.quora.com/How-did-the-term-Blue-Blood-come-about
List the three possible origins of the expression, “blue blood”.
a.
b.
c.
The mysterious case of the blue blooded girl
Even though the “blue blood” expression may sound a little bit
romantic for some people, it is a completely undesirable situation. That
is the case of a 25-year-old woman, who once went to the hospital in
Rhode Island. Fatigue, breathing difficulty and skin discoloration were
some of the symptoms she presented. Her blood also looked blueish.
After checking her, the doctors diagnosed her as cyanotic. That is, a heart
condition caused by the lack of oxygen in the blood.
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Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-49770055
28
 Oral Communication
Language and Literature

What should happen after an accident at school or work?

Accident Reports

1. Listen to an audio about an accident that happened at a school.

Audio
Listen to the dialogue.

pik
Free

2. Work with a partner to discuss the following questions.

• When workers have an accident at work, they sometimes fill out an

accident report.

• What do you think is the purpose of an accident report? Who benefits

from them?

3. Complete the accident report with the information you listen to in the
audio.

Accident report
Name Last Name
Male Female X ID Number 1858934890
Other
Home address Bolivar Marital status Single
Date of birth
Home phone number Cellphone number
Job title
Employment start date October 16th, 2017
Date of the accident
Describe in detail how the accident occurred
Party of the body injured
Type of injury Stroke
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Name of witness (es)

Was safety equipment provided? Yes
Was safety equipment used? Yes
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Signature of the employee Date October 16th, 2017

29
Assessment
Speaking Reading
1 Work with a partner to complete the accident 3 Read the text below and then answer the questions
report below. Imagine one of you had an accident. under the text.
Ask your partner about the necessary details to fill
out the accident report. The Fault that Pushes Quito Up”
Quito sits on a geological fault, known as
Accident report the Quito fault. This fault extends for 60km
Name Last Name from the south of the city through the sector
of La Ecuatoriana to San Antonio. The fault is
responsible for the city being higher than the Los
Male Female ID Number Chillos valley and Tumbaco. This fault began
its activity two million years ago. Since then, it
Other has had frequent movements. The Quito fault is
Home address Marital status the cause of the earthquakes that affect the city.
Usually, the magnitude of the earthquakes is not
high. However, since the fault is shallow, the
Date of birth earthquakes are felt with great intensity.
Home phone number Cellphone number
Retrieved from: https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/2019/05/31/
nota/7355814/que-es-falla-quito-riesgo-que-subyace-capital-ecuatoriana

Job title
Employment start date 4 Based on the text above, answer the following
Date of the accident questions in complete sentenecs using your own
Describe in detail how the accident occurred words.

a. How is the title related to the text?

Party of the body injured
Type of injury
Name of witness (es) b. What is the Quito geological fault?
Was safety equipment provided?
Was safety equipment used?
Signature of the Date c. What do you expect will happen with Quito in
employee the future?

Grammar Grammar
2 Write sentences in your own words that include 5 Write sentences in your own words that include
the conditional phrases below. the causative verbs below.
a. "even if"
a. make

b. let
b. "as long as"
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c. get

30
 Assessment How would you handle an emergency?
Listening Speaking
1 Listen to the story about an earthquake. Pay attention a. Ask your partner questions about the emergency
to the order of the events. and take notes on the line below. Then, swich
roles and you can tell your partner about an
emergency you experienced.

Person A's emergency:

Emergency
When
Where
Consequences

Pixabay/Angelo_Giordano
Other details

b. Finally , summarize your partner's emergency

for the whole class.

2 Put the events in you heard them in the audio. Grammar/Vocabulary

4 Complete the following sentences with the correct

• Vania and her sister went outside. causative verb. You can use each verb only once.
Pay attention to the tense.
• The neighbors were outside too.
make get have let
• There was an earthquake.

7 Yesterday, my mother me wash the

• Vania had her sister tell her the time.
dishes. I really hate to do it. However, as a prize,
she me go to the party I wanted to go
3 Work in pairs. Interview your partner about
an emergency they have experienced (volcanic with my friends. So, I my sister to make
eruption, earthquake, lightning storm, hard rain, my hair and my make-up. Finally, my friends and I
mudslide, car accident, etc.).
a taxi driver take us to the party.

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it somewhat I can I can’t do it
Topics well well improve without help
I can express what other people do for me using causative verbs.
I can express conditions using the phrases even if, and as long as.
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I can fill out information about an accident in an accident report.

I can discuss what steps need to be taken to be prepared for an emergency, and
what to do if one happens.

31
Project 2
Hazards Ecuadorians Face

1 Monica has already finished visiting the all of

Ecuador in order to write the article for the
magazine she works for. She has collected
information about the hazards people in the 4
regions are exposed to.

2 In groups. Imagine that you are Monica and you

need to write the article.

a. First, discuss what the most important

information from each region is to include in
your article. Think about animals, geography,
weather, etc.

b. Then, start to organize an article including the

dangers people are exposed to in each region.
For each region, include what the dangers
consist of, why it is important to know about
them, how they affect people, and how people
can prepare for them.

c. Finally, when you have completed writing your

article, make a poster with visuals (pictures,
collages, drawings) and present it to the class.
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