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English Who are you?
Pedagogical Module 1
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts
Eighth Grade EGB
5 Life cycles
Sc
Past continuous 4
ie
nc
6 Muralism
e
Ar
t
Present continuous 3 7 Geography
So
c
ia
Stl
ish
ud
ie
gl
Yes/no questions
2
s
En
Wh-questions
La
Personal
ng
Descriptive
8
ua
paragraph
Profile
e g
Present simple
an
1
d
(review)
Li
te
ra
urt
e
Values
Social-emotional Education
11 abilities 10 for change 9 Internet safety
Did you know that…

• English is the official language of 67 countries.
• There are more than 300 million native English
speakers on many continents.
• English is not only spoken as a mother tongue but
also as a second language in many other countries.
• It is the official language of the international aviation
industry.
• 60% of the world’s radio programs are in English.
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• It is the language of 70% of the world’s mail.
• Approximately how many people speak English in the world?
• Discuss with a partner another language you would like to learn. Why, how and when would you use it?
Non-Commercial Licence
• What professions are related to international aviation?
• Do you listen to music in English on the radio?
• Do you prefer to write letters (by hand) or type an email (online)? What are the advantages of each?
1
Lesson A
Communication and Cultural Awareness
Can you name the presidents from other countries? Do you recognize the woman in this picture?
Interesting People
Elizabeth II is a very famous queen. She rules the countries that form
part of the United Kingdom: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and
Wales (see the map) and some other territories in
Great Britain. They are all English-speaking
countries.
She’s from London, the capital city
of England. Her birthday is on April 21st.
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She has four children: three boys; Prince

Charles, Prince Andrew, Prince Edward
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and one girl; Princess Anne.
These words are in the text above. Connect the words to the correct
Discuss the questions with picture.
your partner:
Is there a queen in your
country? What language do
people speak in your country?
Name as many countries as
you can that speak English.
Is the English language
exactly the same in each
country? Anne
Elizabeth
Vocabulary
queen. the wife of a king

considered a ruler or monarch. country
A female ruler or monarch
of a nation
rule. to decide, to use power, city

authority, or influence. To use
authority to control a place
and or situation
April 21st
country. the territory or land
of a nation
English-speaking countries.
Charles
nations where people speak
English
prince. the son of the king

or queen
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princess. the daughter

of the king or queen
2
Oral Communication
Do you recognize any of these flags? What countries are they from?
Soccer Around the World
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1. Do you know what FOOTBALL is called in the United States of America?
Unscramble these letters and you will find the answer.
C E S R O C
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2. What sports, other than soccer, are popular in other countries?
3. Listen to an interview with a student at a soccer academy. Where is

he from? Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
4. What do the letters BCSS stand for?
5. Challenge! Listen again and try to mention some countries where

students from BCSS come from and find their flags in exercise 1 above.
6. Cross out the errors in the sentences below. Write in the information
to make them correct.
• BCSS has more than 82 million players worldwide.

• Students cannot live at camps at BCSS.
• The boy interviewed is from England.
• David Beckham used to play in the Premier Soccer League.
Vocabulary
• When do you use the word from? Look at the following examples flag. the symbol or emblem
and discuss with your partner. of a country or institution
- Lionel Messi is Argentinian. = He is from Argentina. worldwide. existing

or happening in all parts
- Ivan is from Colombia. = He is Colombian. of the world
- Mike is from The United States, but now he lives in Quito. camp. a place where people
participate in special activities
• Where are you from?

Premier Soccer League.
• Do you know people and have friends from other countries?
the top group of competing
• What’s your teacher’s nationality? soccer teams in England
3
Reading
What are some ways to describe members of a family?
Describing a Family
big kind happy 1. Your little brother dropped the cards to the left. Help him reorganize them
by writing the words in their corresponding space. When you finish,
compare with a partner.
shor t long
fat Physical traits: Give examples of people that have these traits.
funny young sweet
playful old grey
black Personality: What are behaviors that demonstrate these personality traits?
small noisy
thin
quiet good
Cabrera, A.
friendly hone 2. You are a good painter and your friend Rosie asks you to make a portrait
st
of her family using the information below. Before you start drawing,
circle the physical traits and underline the personality descriptions
of each member.
Rosie’s Family
Answer the following
questions: My family is not very big. I have one baby brother and no sisters.
We live with our parents, my grandma and our dog Flocky.
• How many sisters does
Rosie have? My mother is 38 years old. She is a very kind and happy woman.
She is short, a little fat, and she has long hair. She works at a supermarket.
• How old is Rosie’s My father is 42. He is a very funny and honest man. He works as
grandmother?
a mechanic with my uncle Carlos, his younger brother. My younger
• Who is Carlos? brother is sweet so I love playing with him. My grandma is only
• Describe Rosie physically. 59 years old. She’s a really good cook and her chocolate cake is the
best in the world. Her hair is grey and short. Flocky is our pet dog.
• What does Carlos do as He’s small and noisy. Finally, I am Rosie. I’m 14 years old. I’m short and thin.
a job?
I am a bit quiet, but friendly.
3. Now you’re ready to draw Rosie’s family in the picture frame.

Vocabulary
trait. characteristic
portrait. a painting,
photograph, drawing
of a person
cook. a person who prepares

and cooks food as a job or in
a specific way
pet. a domestic animal

that lives in a house
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as company
4
Writing
How can I describe people’s personalities and physical appearance?
Describing People
There’s a new student in the class and you want to describe her or him
to your mother. To do this, write a short descriptive paragraph.
1. Read the following sections of a paragraph. Which section do you think

is first, which is second, and which is third? Write the numbers 1, 2, 3
in the circles next to each section.
To conclude, for all these reasons and more, my mom

is the best.
My mom is an interesting woman, and she’s beautiful

inside and out.
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My mom’s name is Carmen and she’s 37 years old. She is
from Zaruma, but now she lives in Cuenca with me and my
brothers. She is a tall and thin woman. Her hair is long and Let’s play! Describe one
brown. She’s very creative and funny. I love her smile and the of your classmates to the
way she helps people with their problems. My mom works at class and have the other
students try to guess who
a hospital, she is a great nurse.
he/she is. The student who
guesses first describes
another student, and so on.
2. Now that you know the correct order, read it again. Which section do you
think is the A. Introduction, B. Body with details and the C. Conclusion.
Complete the hamburger that represents a complete paragraph.
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Vocabulary
3. You’re ready to describe your new friend. Write the Introduction, descriptive paragraph.
Body and Conclusion in the space provided. group of sentences that
describe a person, a place,
a thing or an event using
Introduction many descriptive adjectives
Body 1 creative. a person who uses

original and unusual ideas
Body 2
nurse. a person who cares
Body 3 for people who are sick
or injured, especially
Conclusion in a hospital
5
Language Through the Arts
Did you consider professional photography to be an art? What do you like taking pictures of?
Family Photo Album

Grammar Tip
Your friend is showing you her family photo album. There are some pictures
from the past and the present.
• then = in the past
• now = in the present 1. What was she doing then? What is she doing now? Match the two
tenses to the correct sentence and picture.
• is, am, are = the present
I am hungry (now.)
I was playing with Present
They are tired.
my teddy bear then. Progressive action
• was , were = the past
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I was there last week.

We were at the beach I am looking some
Past
for Carnival. pictures with my
Progressive action
friend now.
2. Complete the chart with “past” or “present.”
a. We use am / is / are + ing verbs (looking, living, visiting) to express

events in progress. (that are happening now)
b. We use was / were + ing verbs (doing, playing, eating) to express

events in progress. (that were happening in the past)
3. You and a friend are sharing pictures. Complete the conversation with
the correct form of the verbs in parentheses:
Your friend: This is me at my grandparents’ house two years ago.

You: What (is / were / am) you doing there?
Your friend: I was (play / played / playing) with my cat Sizzy.
You: (Are / Were / Am) your grandparents still living in that
house now?
Your friend: Not anymore. Actually, they are (living / lived /
live) in Canada now, but they always visit us in December. Look at them in
this picture. They (is / were / was) eating outdoors in their
pik
backyard.
Free
You: What were they (had, having, has) to eat? It looks good!
Your friend: I know. They love cooking, so now they (is / were / are)
Vocabulary taking some classes with a chef. Look at this recent picture.
Here they were (makes / make / making) some salad.
actually. in fact or really
You: (Are / Were / Was) they coming over this Christmas?
outdoors. outside
Your friend: Yes, they are. By the way, (are / was / is) your
backyard. an area behind sister still visiting?
a house, usually covered
with grass You: Yes, she is…
Your friend: (Are / Was / Is) n’t you having lunch with
come over. to visit a person
or place her today?
You: Oh no! I totally forgot about it... I have to go. Bye!!
by the way. also, in addition
6
Oral Communication
How can I compare two people?
Comparing People Ana

Grammar Tip
Name:
15
1. You and your sister are new in school. To know about your classmates,
Age:
Nationality: Ecuadorian
look at these two kids’ ID cards. Take turns describing them with your
• Use is + adjective to describe
partner. Use as many adjectives as you can.
someone’s personality.
Maria is friendly.
• Use have/has to describe

Name: Ana Toni
Name:
some physical features.
Age: 15 Age: 13
Nationality: Ecuadorian Nationality: Colombian Jose has short hair.
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2. Now, look at Ana’s and Toni’s IDs again and read the examples given
in the chart below. Can you make other comparisons between the two
kids? Write three more comparisons on the lines below.
Name: Toni
Age: 13
someColombian
You can useNationality: adjectives + er + than to compare 2 people,
2 places, 2 animals, 2 things. Example:
Ana is taller than Toni.
You can add more + adjective + than to compare 2 people, 2 places,

2 animals, 2 things. Example:
Toni is more serious than Ana.
Irregular adjectives: Vocabulary
ID card. an identification card

good-better bad-worse far-farther/further with personal information
(name, date of birth, photo)
•
ik
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3. In small groups, each student makes his/her own ID card, describes

him/herself to the group members, and then, taking turns, compares
two of the group members. You can use the descriptive adjectives learned
in the first reading of this lesson.
7
Lesson B

Science
What is the best age to be? What stage of life are you looking forward to?
Life Events
1. Read the text below about life stages.
There have been lots of studies about adolescents, and the way they
handle this stage of life depends on different factors. To understand this
interesting stage, we can go through the cycle of life. Before we are born,
it is amazing how we grow inside our mothers for about forty weeks.
After we are born, the time goes by fast. Childhood is the time to discover
the world and learn many things. After that, we go through one of the
most challenging stages in life, our teenage years called “adolescence.”
Later, when we think we are mature and everything will be simpler,
we are sometimes more confused. Eventually we decide if we want
to have a family, to make money, to travel the world, to buy things.
If things go wrong, we get disappointed. Finally, we become elderly,
we are relaxed, but health problems usually start unless you have
a healthy life with a healthy diet and regular exercise.

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2. What are common adjectives to describe people of these ages?
3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each age.
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0-2 8-12 25 45 75
years years years old years old years old
Vocabulary
adolescent. teenagers I express my opinion about things I can say how I feel with...
from 13-19
that cause feelings with...
stage. period of time ing adjectives ed adjectives

boring, tiring, frustrating bored, tired, frustrated
go through. to live
Example: the game was exciting. Example: I am excited
adolescence. the period of life to go on vacation.

when a child develops into
an adult
4. Let’s talk!! How difficult is it for you to be an adolescent? Tell your partner
elderly. old people about it.
8
Oral Communication
What are some things that make it difficult to be an adolescent?
Teenage Life
1. One of your close friends has serious problems because he feels his life
is really complicated now. Think of some advice.
Grammar Tip
Remember to use ing adjectives to express your opinion about things
that cause feelings. For example: boring, thrilling. Use ed adjectives
to say how you feel. For example: tired, excited.
2. You are going to listen to a school advisor talking about “what it feels like
to be a teenager.” Audio
3. Answer the following questions.
a. What kind of person might be giving the advice?
b. Does the speaker say that being a teen is complicated? Why or
why not?
4. Listen again and write how adolescents feel at this stage according
to the advisor.
5. Look at the pictures and match them with the adjectives given below.
excited
surprised
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disappointed
confused
Vocabulary
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disappointed. sad or displeased
9
Art
Do you think graffiti is art? Why? Why not? Are there examples of artistic murals in your city?
From Graffiti to Creative Murals

1. You are arriving at your house and see a big picture of a beautiful lady
whose hair is made of your grandma’s plants. What would you think and
feel?
"Muralism" Street Art

Something, exciting for some and shocking for others, is appearing
on streets worldwide. The typical graffiti has been replaced with
Pixabay/ShonEjai-Tobias Haase
some sort of urban art called “muralism.” This is a way to pay tribute
to those who are artists, but have not had the chance to show their work
at galleries. These murals are pieces of art that make the walls attractive,
making streets nicer. They also permit people to express themselves.
2. You are an expert at making murals. First, write a list of things you want
to include in your mural on the lines below. In the frame below, draw your
own mural.
Grammar Tip
Remember adjectives ending

in “ing” (exciting, impacting,
amazing, interesting, scaring)
are used to say what you think
about things that cause feelings,
and adjectives ending in “ed”
(excited, impacted, amazed,
interested, scared) are used
to say how you feel.
Vocabulary
k
sort of. kind of, type of

pi
ee
Fr
pay tribute. to honor.

Recognize 3. Answer the questions to explain what message you are trying to convey
with the mural you made.
convey. to communicate.
Express a. What is a mural to you?
b. What are three adjectives that could describe your mural?
touched by. moved by. To feel
emotionally c. Will people feel touched by your mural? If so, how?
10
Oral Communication
Describe what it might be like to live in an RV or trailer?
Different Types of Homes

Vocabulary
Many people like the idea of living in an RV or trailer. While some trailers
and RVs are simple, others are expensive and very nice. RV. recreational vehicle that
you can drive, but also can
cook and sleep inside of
trailer. a place to cook and

sleep that is on wheels and
pulled behind a car
feature. charactetristic.
A nice part of something
Flick / dwstucke
1. Listen to Annie, an American girl who wants to live alone, talking about
how people around the world live. Help her to decide what to do. Audio
2. Reply to Annie’s blog giving your opinion and advice.
3. Listen again and complete.
Write examples of different kinds of houses:
Write examples of features in trailers, houses, hotels, etc:

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11
Reading
Social Studies
What different materials can be used to build a house?
Homes Around the world

1. Imagine that you won a house in a lottery, but you have to choose from
one of the two houses to the left. Discuss with your partner which one
you choose and why.
2. Read the passage. Pay attention to the materials used.
It is surprising to learn how people live. The United States has

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houses made of wood or bricks. However, people around the world

live in houses made of grass, dirt, and cloth. Some people still make
their houses with straw. Some Peruvians build their houses of reeds.
Not only that, they also live on islands that are made of reeds, a plant
found in nature. In Andalucia, in the south of Spain, some people live
in underground houses called cuevas. During the winter, these houses
stay warm. In the Philippines, some people still live in tree houses made
StockSnap/Pixabay
of bamboo with grass roofs. China has many houses that are made
of hard soil. Dirt becomes as strong as brick when it is packed hard.
The Dayak people of Indonesia build some of their houses on stilts,
several feet above the ground. The frame of the house is made of steel.
The walls are made of tree bark and the floors are made of wood. People
build their houses according to their needs, weather, and available
building materials. All houses are different, but one thing is certain:
wherever you go, there’s no place like home!
3. Write T by the true statements and F by the false ones. If they are false,
rewrite the sentence with changes to make it true.
a. Most Americans are used to houses made of grass, dirt, or cloth.
b. Houses called “cuevas” in the south of Spain stay warm in the winter.
Vocabulary
c. In the Philippines, some people still live in grass houses.
wood. material from trees
brick. a small rectangular

block used in building
d. China has houses made of dirt which become as strong as bricks
straw. material to make
the famous “toquilla hats” with time.
reed. a tall, thin grass-like

plant
e. According to the conclusion of the reading, nothing compares to our
stilt. long stick that supports

something own home.
frame. the basic structure

of a building
12
Writing
Language and Literature
What different types of homes are built in different parts of Ecuador?
Homes Around the World
1. Complete the paragraph by using the words below. Then compare with
a partner to see if your answers make sense.
Home sweet home! If you are reading this, it is because you

were about how it would be to live alone. At some
point, we all have felt how necessary and important our house is.
In fact, many who travel for work or studies away from home get
homesick because they have to live far from home. It is
to see how we humans miss our home, how we get
being far. Of course it depends on culture. For Americans, for
example, leaving home at age 18 is normal and . They
dream of living by themselves as young adults. It is said living alone
is , it is much more difficult than living with parents or
an adult. In the end, we all want to have our own home and eventually
this reality.
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the best
exciting thinking
depressed
becomes
interesting
Grammar Tip
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Don’t forget to write complete

2. Write a similar paragraph to the one above, describing your ideal home. sentences!
Use your imagination to create an ideal home.
Subject + verb(s) + complement.
Introduction
Detail 1
Detail 2
Detail 3 Vocabulary
in fact. really, as a matter

Conclusion
of fact
homesick. experiencing a
longing for one’s home during
a period of absence from it
13
Assessment
Grammar - Vocabulary Reading
1 Complete the following story with words from 3 Read the following text and answer the questions
the chart. in complete sentences. You may rewrite part
of the question to include in your answer.
Verbs • was • living
Nouns • features • trailer Juan is twelve years old. He’s from Peru.
His hair is short and black. He has a cat
Ing Adjectives
things
• exciting • boring and two dogs. Juan lives in a small house
made of bricks and tiles with his mother
Ed Adjectives and grandmother. They have all the basic
feelings
• disappointed • tired
services except that sometimes there is no
Descriptive water. That’s a real problem when they need
Adjectives
• small • big
to cook, clean or take a shower. However,
for Juan there is no better place than home.
My friend Isabella was in
a for three years. That was
a. Where is Juan from?
when she six years old. The
experience was , but a little
difficult. She was about the b. Describe what Juan looks like?
room she had for her and
the limited of the trailer. For
example, she was of playing c. What is Juan’s house like?
inside and not having a
garden to play outside. She did not have
d. What basic services do Juan and his family not
a lot to do, so it was really
sometimes. have?

Writing
2 Write a short description of your life as a teenager

using the words from the chart above. Listening
4 You are listening to a couple of friends having
a conversation. Decide if the statements are True(T)
Introduction
or False(F).
a. Mary is talking with Louis about

Body (reason 1)
their families.
b. Louis was doing homework last night.
c. Mary is working on a school
Body (reason 2)
project now.
d. The two kids are playing.
Body (reason 3)
Speaking
5 Imagine you are living in a small trailer and your

friend in a very comfortable and big house. Compare

Conclusion homes by describing to each other what amenities
you have and what you do not have.
14
Assessment Who are you?
Writing Listening
1 Write a Descriptive Paragraph about your family and 3 Listen to John’s situation and place the letter in the
you in 30-40 words. Be as descriptive as possible. circle next to the correct answer.
Introduction John is still John was
Now, he He loves
Detail 1
a. mischievous. c. restless.
Detail 2 b. takes care of his d. his family a lot.
Conclusion
school things.
Speaking
Reading 4 Look at the two pictures. Give a short description

and compare them using adjectives.
2 Read the following paragraph and answer the
questions below.
Ecuador is a very diverse country; it has

many nice places and people that are all
different. We have a great variety of food
depending on the region. Ecuador has four
important regions: the Galapagos Islands,
Pixabay / Malkmus
Pixabay / ShonEjai
the coast, the highlands and the Amazon.
The coast and the Amazon are similar, but
the highlands region, where I live, is special
because we have different weather, animals and
languages. Ecuador is a good place to visit and
Grammar - Vocabulary
to live, so if you want to come, feel welcome.
Remember: “All you need is Ecuador.” This is 5 Complete the text using the words below.
our slogan for foreigners.
I’m Carlos and I’m fourteen. Teenagers are
a. According to the text, why is Ecuador very about their lives
a diverse country? sometimes. But I have my mom who helps
me feel better about mine. She is a very
b. Where does the author of the text live? and friendly woman. I love
to talk to her. Yesterday, I reading
a book when she arrived and then we had
c. Why does the author think the highlands region
a nice long conversation. Now my mom
is special?
talking to my 16-year-old
sister. We are very lucky to have her!
d. What is the slogan used to promote Ecuador in
other countries?
was is confused kind
I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.
Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics well somewhat well improve without help
I can read and understand about teens’ feelings.

I can listen and understand about homes around the world.
I can talk about myself, others and compare.
I can write descriptions of people.
15
Project 1
People’s Generations
There is a contest about People’s Generations in your school and you want
to be the winner. Follow these steps:
Tip 1. You will investigate three generations: Generation Z, Millennials, and

Generation X. Ask people who live with you such as your parents,
Remember the use relatives and your own friends. Also ask neighbors and people at school
of comparatives, vivid adjectives from different generations.
and other words to describe
profiles as well as countries
and nationalities.
1997–2015
GENERATION
Z
AKA: iGeneration (iGen)
Post-Millenials
Homeland Generation
1980–1996
MILLENIALS AKA: Generation Y
Echo Boomers
Boomerang Generation
1965–1979
GENERATION
X
AKA: Latch-key kids
MTV Generation
13th Generation
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2. Use the following table to gather information.
Interests
Generation Age Nickname Special facts
& Hobbies
Vocabulary
AKA. also known as
vivid. clear images

fact. something that is true

3. Once you have the information, make a collage using real pictures
collage. a group of pictures or related images from the interviewed people and present it to your
placed together to represent class. Remember to make comparisons among them. You may add
a theme or idea statements below the collage to compare generations.
16
Let’s review!
Vocabulary
WH-word she
1 Write the opposite of these descriptive adjectives. (what, Is he
where, it
(object) ?
when, you
big quiet who, Are we
how…) they
fat good
short funny Present and Past Continuous questions
old happy
9 Using the chart below write 2 questions asking
a person about his/her present and past:
2 Write the nationalities of the people that were born
in these countries. I
WH-word you
(what, Are we
Verb
The U.S.A. where, they
+ (object) ?
when,
ING
Spain who, Is she
how…) he
England it
WH-word she
Mexico (what, Was he
Verb
where, it
Argentina when, you
+ (object) ?
ING
who, Were we
Ecuador how…) they
Do it in your notebook Reading
3 Write examples of adjectives + ED. Express how 10 Underline the present events in red and past events
you feel sometimes using some of those words. in blue, then answer the questions
in your notebook.
4 Write examples of adjectives+ING. Use some
of those words to answer what makes you feel Hello! I’m Ricky and today it’s my
that way. thirteenth birthday. Right now I am writing
about myself for a school project. I have
5 Make an ID card with your personal information to talk about a memory from my past and
(name, age, nationality, nickname) and draw your my present life. When I was 5 years old,
picture. my family was having a difficult time,
but my baby brother was born and that
6 Write examples of some house amenities that some made us all happy. I remember the day
houses have. he came home. We were all having
lunch and my little brother was sleeping.
7
Write adjectives describing types of houses My dad was calling everybody to tell them
(construction materials) the news and my mom was organizing the
baby’s clothes. Now everything is different.
Grammar My brother is playing video games and
my parents are working.
Present Simple questions
8 Using the chart below write 2 questions asking
a person about his/her life in your notebook.
a. What is Ricky doing now?
I b. What was Ricky’s mother doing when the baby

WH-word you came home?
(what, Do
we
where, they
when,
Verb (object) ? c. How old is Ricky’s little brother now?
who, she
Does
how…) he d. Why was Ricky’s father calling everybody?
it
17
Lesson C
Which web pages do you visit regularly? How often? For how much time?
Teens on the Web
Value: Internet safety

• Teens use the internet to try to deal with the anxiety they feel.
• It is very possible that our teens will have to face a harder economic
situation than the one we have now.
• There is a teenager who created a movement against violence, after
a shooting occurred at a high school in Florida, U.S.A. where lots
of students died. Her blog is very famous now.
1. Look at the pictures below. Describe some of the details you see in each
picture.
ay
b
xa
Pi
www
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2. Answer the following questions.
a. What do the pictures above have in common?
b. Describe any blogs that you have visited.
c. What do you think should be included on a school website?
3. Match each letter with the corresponding picture: A. whole body picture;
B. personal information; C. ID picture; D. your house picture. Discuss
which ones do you think should be on a person’s website profile? Which
should not? Why not?
Vocabulary
deal with. to manage, handle,

to be concerned with
Pixabay
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face. to confront. Accept
shooting. to fire a gun
blog. a website written in an

informal or conversational
style
website. a specific address

on the internet with specific
Pixabay
Pixabay
information about something
18
Oral Communication
Are avatars real?
Avatars
1. Do you know what an avatar is? Discuss your ideas with a partner.
2. Check ( ) the pictures that represent an avatar.
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3. Listen to someone talking about their experience with avatars and some
descriptions of their avatar friends. Audio
4. Challenge! Listen again and try to complete the chart/table under the
pictures.
ZACK JOSUE ALI
Grammar Tip
Remember we use from for

countries and no preposition
with nationalities. i.e. She’s
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from Chile = She’s Chilean.

Zack Josue Ali
Nickname
Country Vocabulary
avatar. animated figure

representing a person
Avatar’s especially on video games
content.
Descriptive chart/table. rows and columns
characteristics. of organized information
Personality
shy. timid, quiet, introverted
and physical
appearance shield. piece of hard material
to protect yourself
5. Pair work. Discuss with a partner: Which avatar is the most interesting?
Explain why.
19
Reading
Which school websites have you visited besides your school’s website? Describe what school websites include.
School Websites
In your notebook, answer
the following questions. 1. You are an excellent designer so the school principal gives you the task
of making a website for your school. Choose the pictures you will include
• What information can you on it.
find on the website of the
school mentioned in the
reading? Give at least
Freepik
3 examples.
• Who can you see in the

logo students dog teacher information medicine
pictures on the right?
• Does the website have 2. Read the following paragraph.

the option to change
languages? Which?
My School’s Website
• Do you know if your school
has a website? (Find out One of my favorite websites is my school’s website. I like it because
if you don’t know) you can easily navigate and find many photographs and the most
What can you see there? important information about our school.
First, you see the homepage with the school logo and some
links. There you can watch videos of the school events; for example,
Grammar Tip
the school fest, Christmas or Carnival celebrations and sports
Connectors Use competitions. The best of our school website is the gallery with lots
of pictures of the school’s cheerleaders, the different club members,
First to start a
paragraph former students, etc. In addition, with just a click you can see the
different sections of the school: elementary school, junior high, and
In addition to add high school. Another interesting feature is that you can read and learn
information
the lyrics of the school anthem. You can also change it into different
to include languages like Spanish, German or English. One of the disadvantages
Also additional ideas is that some tabs are not ready yet. Another downside is that there is
to close and a lot of advertising on this website, but you can pretend not to see it.
To finish the
conclude paragraph To conclude, I think that my school has an excellent website.
You should check it out!
Vocabulary 3. Let’s play! Complete the following text with the words below and discover
the secret word by using the first letter of each.
homepage. the first (usually
general) information you see
Ball When Example
when a website is opened
logo. symbol that represents

something, like a company you navigate in a website, the first thing you see is
or team
the homepage with the title, which usually moves or has bright colors.
link. a connection on the web For , if you see the FIFA website, you will surely be
that takes you to another
captivated by the gold it shows.
website
former. previous. Before. Earlier

Secret
anthem. hymn. An important Word
song for a country or school
20
Writing
What information about a person should be included in a web profile?
Making a Web Profile

A teacher asks you to make your own web profile, but you are not sure
what it is. Follow the instructions below to learn about how to make your
own web profile.
1. Look at these two examples of descriptive paragraphs and choose

the one that is written correctly.
Paragraph 1
A web profile is good and you need to show something about
yourself.
It needs to have some nice information about who you are and
maybe your likes and dislikes.
And you can use all the information you want. You can show
your originality. There is no problem with it. You can make friends
and play online. My brother has one, but I don’t.
Paragraph 2
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Creating your own web profile is not a difficult task and
it can make you very popular.
Anyone can have a web profile and they are easy to make.
It must have a clear and nice presentation. It can be simple and
dull or sophisticated and interactive. It can connect to other media
applications and interesting and fun sites.
If you want to have many followers online, make your web
profile and update it every day with attractive ideas or even
pictures. It is a piece of cake!
2. Write your own paragraph about any website that you often visit.
There are words to help you.
Introduction First,
Vocabulary
Body (reason 1) In addition,
maybe. possibly
Body (reason 2) anyone. any person
clear. easy to understand
dull. boring. Not exciting
Body (reason 3) Also, follower. participant. Someone

that visits a website frequently
even. inclusive
Conclusion To finish,
It is a piece of cake!. it is really
simple!
21
Who is your favorite artist or musical group? What do you like about them?
Our Artists!
Value: Education for change
Your friend is showing you her family photo album. There are some pictures
from the past and the present.
1. Your friend is showing you a copy of the new album from your favorite
...nowadays, many artists don’t artist that he bought from a street vendor. Tell your friend how not buying
have any benefit from their original material can affect our singers or international singers.
creations. In Ecuador, as in
some other countries, there is 2. Read the following paragraphs and underline 5 superlative forms.
a society that tries to protect
them. It is called SAYCE. Music is one of the most entertaining hobbies in our lives.
However, Ecuadorian artists But we never think of who is behind the music we like to listen to.
say it is not enough.
The moment we get music, If we look at singers around the world, many have big fortunes
pictures and any other art because they have different forms to get money. For example,
expressions from the internet they have the benefit of studios for their recordings. They also have
or any other free source, we the most professional staff. In countries like Ecuador, the situation
cause artists great damage. is difficult because national artists don’t receive much outside
It affects them because they support. They work with their own money. For many, the most
work very hard and don’t difficult aspect is gaining acceptance and popularity. They invest
receive any compensation a lot to get a hit and when they perform in concert, people don’t go
from their job. because they prefer to listen to international singers.
We have to support our artists by buying their original CDs,
t-shirts, posters, and going to their concerts.
Superlative forms
Two-Syllable
One-Syllable IRREGULAR
adjectives
adjectives adjectives
(except if ending in Y)
The+adj+EST the+MOST+adj NO RULE

Fr
ee
beautiful- the most good-the best

pi
tall-the tallest
k
beautiful bad-the worst
handsome-the most
short-the shortest far- the farthest/furthest
handsome
My mom’s the most

I’m the shortest in the You are the best student
beautiful woman in the
Vocabulary family.
world.
at school.
source. where things come

from 3. Complete the following sentences by using the correct superlative form
of the adjectives in cyan.
compensation. payment
for work done a. Babies are nice. A baby is the person in this world.
support. money and products
b. My dad is good. He is the worldwide.
to help someone
c. Canada is really cold. It is the country of North America.
invest. to spend money and

hope to earn more money d. That is a big hamburger. It is the in this restaurant.
hit. a successful song
e. My family is really important to me. They are the
or movie
in my whole life.
22
Oral Communication
What information should be included in an online profile? What information should not be included?
Profiles
1. Listen to a radio program about some of the dangers on the internet
for teenagers. Audio
2. Now, look at the pictures and check () the ones that were mentioned
in the listening.
Tip
When you listen, take some

notes on the important facts
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and important words!

3. Write two things teenagers can do to stay safe on the internet, and two
they must not do according to the listening.
1.

Vocabulary

overcome. to feel better after
2. a difficult situation
keep in mind. to remember.
Consider. Think about
1.

2.

4. Pair work. With a partner: Discuss why the things mentioned

are dangerous.
23
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Lesson D
How can I describe my personality?
Talking About Myself
Value: Social-emotional abilities

Some of us do not like to talk about ourselves. However, thirty
to forty percent of people worldwide love talking about themselves.
Freepik
It is considered a need just like the good sensation you feel when you
eat after being so hungry. That is a sensation that your brain feels when
you talk about yourself!! So, if you don’t usually talk about yourself, start
doing so. It can give your body a good sensation.
1. Tell your friend a couple of things you like about your personality and two
that you don’t like. You can use these words or others. Share examples
of what makes you feel these emotions.
Grammar Tip
happy sad angry
For yes/no questions, remember
to use do or does to start your
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questions.
do I-you-we-they ----?
does she-he-it ----?
surprised distracted disgusted
2. Go around the class. Complete the first word of the questions in the chart
below with the correct auxiliary. When you finish, ask the questions
to two different students. Make sure their answers are in complete
sentences.
Question Student 1 Student 2

...you like to talk about
yourself? What things do
you say?
...your best friend like to
Vocabulary listen to you? What is your
friend’s name?
however. use however to start … you feel good when you
a sentence with a different idea talk about yourself?
from the sentence before it … your mom (or dad) talk to
you about school
need. requirement, necessity. or friends?
Something that you want

to happen 3. Let’s compare our answers. You can start like this:
brain. part of your body My classmate Juan says he talks about himself all the time. His best friend
that permits you to think doesn’t like...
24
Oral Communication
What do other people think of me when I talk about myself? Am I interesting, boring, friendly?
This Is Me!
Talking about yourself sounds simple, but it can be very complicated
sometimes. Audio
1. Listen to Amy, an adolescent who gives you tips on how to talk about
yourself and sound attractive.
2. What does “DISH” mean according to Amy? Complete the lines next to
the initial letters to make words. Hi, I’m Amy.
D
3. Answer the following questions based on the listening.
a. What was the simplest thing for Amy when she was a child?
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b. Is this girl more talkative now than in the past? Support your answer.
Grammar Tip
Remember to use adjective+er

or more+adjective when
comparing two people,
animals, places, things
c. If you follow her advice, what will be simpler?
and use adjective+est or
the most+adjective when
comparing three or more.
Bigger than...taller than....more
interesting than... the biggest.....
the tallest....the most interesting
d. Who do you know that is talkative?
Vocabulary
e. What is not simple in you life right now?
outgoing. open, friendly
simple. easy, not complicated
talkative. wanting to talk a lot
25
Reading
What are some things that motivate you?
Motivation
1. You are an excellent motivator at “TEDX talks,” which are seminars or
lectures. Your personality tests always say that you are good at cheering
people up. Today you are giving advice about motivation for teens like
you. What can you say to motivate teenagers? Discuss with a partner.
2. Read the passage.
Every day, most of us complain that our life is difficult, that nobody
loves us, that we have lots of homework, that teachers don’t understand
us, that our parents bother us so much…
We don’t think that beyond all that, there are millions of teens who
don’t have food, shelter, a school, friends, or even parents. It must be
terrible! Don’t you think so? Some of those kids are teens, just like you.
Many of them never complain about their difficulties because they see
life differently. They become life motivators and have great messages
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to transmit. The most amazing aspect is that these adolescents have

no parents, some are adopted, others were once homeless, or they are
disabled. They have really tough lives and they continue living and
smiling. They want the world to know that they are special, as every
teen is, and that it is possible to live a happy life.
Don’t you ever give up, enjoy each moment with your family and
friends. When you feel down, remember that there is always a person
that has a harder life than you.
3. Write the letter that best connects the following sentences.
a. Most adolescents enjoy every minute of our life.
b. There are teens who never complain.
c. Motivators are adolescents with tough problems.
d. We should complain about everything.

Vocabulary
4. Draw or paste an image
complain. to protest. Speak of yourself giving a talk
in a negative way to motivate teens in your
school. Write two ideas
beyond. outside limits that would motivate teens.
shelter. a place to live for
a short time
homeless. without home
disabled. incapacitated.
A physical limitation
give up. to abandon. Stop 5. Show your partner the

trying picture and tell him/her
two ideas that you would
feel down. sad. Depressed say in that talk.
26
Writing
How are homes different in the regions of Ecuador?
Homes Around the World

You are a text editor and you need to check the following parts of a student’s
descriptive paragraph.
1. Read the following parts of a paragraph and match them with the
corresponding words on the right.
Who am I? I am an extrovert. I like

going out with friends. I read books on
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my free time. My friends say I am a nerd Conclusion
because books are my best friends, but
I am not. I am a person who enjoys all the
things from life.
Body
I believe that every person needs (reasons)
to have a social and personal life and that is
exactly what I do. Vocabulary
In conclusion, I can say I am a mixture believe. to think and have
or both worlds, the introvert and extrovert. Introduction an opinion about something
I adapt myself to the situation.
mixture. combination
both. two of something

2. Now, write your own paragraph about yourself. You can use the words
in the boxes below.
I am … extrovert/introvert happy/sad
for example I like/dislike tall/short to finish
I am Introduction
Detail 1
I like
Detail 2
To finish Conclusion
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27
What are some examples of public art where you live?
Beyond Street Art

1. Look at the image to the left. What is it? What does it represent? What
do you think the artist is trying to communicate with this image? Discuss
with a partner.
2. You want to make sure your friend understands this text. After you read
it, make questions that will answer the information below. Use the chart
Freepik / Libertad Digital
to help you with the correct structure.
J.R., Kikito is a 34 year-old French photographer and street artist. He

is recognized for his outdoor work. People can see his talent especially
in areas with economic and social difficulties. For example, in 2008 he
painted the eyes of local women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in an old fabela,
which is a dangerous and poor neighborhood.
In La Habana, Cuba, there is a beautiful painting of some elderly
men from the Cuban revolution times. His latest famous piece of art is
of a Mexican child looking at the American side of the border fence built
to separate The United States and Mexico.
Grammar Tip
I – you Verb
WH-word Do we – they in
(what, where, when, (complement) ?
Does Base
who, how…) she – he – it
Form
Is she – he – it
WH-word No
(what, where, when, (complement) ?
you – we – Verb
who, how…) Are
they
3. Write a WH-question for each answer.

Vocabulary
image. a picture or painting a. ?

of something
He is a photographer and street artist.
local. a person who lives
in a particular area that b. ?
you are talking about
He is French.
neighborhood. a specific area
of a city
c. ?
elderly. people more than
65 years old He is 24 years old.
border fence. a structure that d. ?

divides two areas, the limits
between two countries The representation of a Mexican child is in the border of Mexico
built. past of build = construct and the U.S.A.
28
Oral Communication
What are some of the most beautiful cities in your country? In other parts of the world?
Describing Cities
1. Your family wants to move to a new city, but they do not know where.
You decide to research a few cities to help your family decide from the
three cities in the pictures below. Describe each city using the adjectives
from the box.
clean dirty quiet noisy small big
calm populated nice ugly warm cold
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1 2 3
a. The first city looks

and .
b. The second is
and .
c. The third seems

and .
2. Now complete the following questions using superlative forms of

the adjectives in parenthesis and then answer them. Write complete Vocabulary
sentences.
move. go to a different place
a. Which city looks ? (calm) to live with all of your clothes
and furniture
a few. a small number

of something
b. Which city looks ? (populated)
looks. appears to be. Example:
That car looks expensive
c. Which is ? (nice) seems. appear to be

populated. an area where

people live
d. Which seems to be ? (warm) warm. temperature that
is almost hot
29
Assessment
1 Use the adjectives in parentheses to complete In addition, social networks can be the most
the spaces. Use superlative forms. Don’t forget to dangerous of all the web contents since many
use “the” before superlative adjectives. people do not think about its dangers. Experts
say web profiles are more dangerous than
a. An Ecuadorian artist doesn’t have written profiles. You have to be careful because
equipment for productions. you never know who is reading at the other side
(good) of the screen.
To conclude, we should use these
b. Starvation is problem technological tools to help ourselves and not to
a person can face. (bad) expose ourselves to danger.
c. That is hamburger in this
place. (big) a. What kind of interesting information do
websites have?
d. The Nile is river
worldwide. (long)
e. Ms. Universe is woman on

Earth. (beautiful)
b. Should more people worry about the dangers
Writing of the internet?
2 Time to make your profile for the web. Remember
to use a descriptive paragraph. Look at the examples
on page 21 to help you. (40-50 words).
c. What is the most dangerous of all the web

Introduction content?
Detail 1
d. What do experts say?
Detail 2
Detail 3 Listening
4 Listen to a couple of teens talking about their

profiles. Write True(T) or False(F).
Conclusion
e. Jessy is showing a message
to her friend.
Reading f. Joe knows the guy on the web.
3 Read the following text and answer in complete g. Jessy is blocking the guy now.
sentences the four questions below.
h. The two teens are exposed to the guy.
Websites are very popular at the present
time. They usually have interesting facts that Speaking

attract our attention; however, they can also
5 Choose a place you like best in Ecuador. Make a
be addictive.
description of it in detail. What can you see and do
there? Your friends have to guess what place it is.
30
Assessment Who are you?
My hometown is very small, so it is not very
1 Complete the chart below with the words you populated. There are less than 100.000 people
learned in the lessons and then make three complete living in it. The most interesting activities are
sentences in the lines using those words: the sports contests and the music festivals. People
Descriptive are very friendly and talkative. However, there
Countries Nationalities
Adjective is a drawback. Not all houses have the necessary
Cuba amenities like warm water to shower or even
electricity. Anyway, we love our city and we have
populated
a great time with our friends and family there.
Brazilian

•
a. What is the writer’s hometown like?
•
b. How many people live in the town?
• c. What are people in that town like?
Writing
d. Name a negative aspect of the town.
2 Now, write a short description of your neighborhood.
Include the name of your neighborhood, location
in the city, what you like , what it needs. Listening
Introduction 4 You are listening to a woman speaking about her
personality. Decide which statements are True(T)
or False(F).
Body (reason 1)
a. Lola talks with both her mother
and her friends.
Body (reason 2)
b. Teachers allow Lola to explain
the school projects they send.
Body (reason 3)
c. Lola makes videos of herself dancing.
Conclusion
d. Lola prefers not to show her videos
to her best friend.
Speaking
Reading
5 A tourist arrives to your city and he wants to know
3 Read the following text and answer the four
what it is like. Describe your city to him using
questions below in complete sentences.
words you learned in these lessons. It is.....it has.....

I can read and understand about teens’ motivation.

I can listen and understand about homes around the world.
I can write about people’s descriptions.
31
Project 2
Make Your Web Avatar
You love video games and your teacher tells you to create your avatar for it.
Tip
You know how to make 1 Get your best picture and based on it,
create the best Avatar ever!
descriptive paragraphs,
so write a great one about your
avatar. It has to be the most
incredible and the most amazing
you’ve seen.
2 Use an A3 cardboard or any hard
material and make an excellent frame.
3 Draw your avatar, and on the side, make

a square that contains at least 5 adjectives
that describe your super avatar.
4 Present it to the class, be as descriptive

as possible by using your 5 adjectives.
Good luck!!!
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• Write down examples of why your avatar looks like it does.....what does it
have....what do the things represent....
Vocabulary • Write 5 adjectives you will use to describe your avatar.
picture. photo or image taken

with a camera
cardboard. a hard piece

of paper
frame. something that goes • Using your ideas from above, in your notebook, write a paragraph with
around a picture or window complete sentences that describes what your avatar looks like, what is
has, what it represents, etc.
32
English What are some advantages
Pedagogical Module 2 of living in a city?
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts
Eighth Grade EGB
Possessive adjectives:
4 Community and
So
my, your, his, etc. 5
ci
neighborhood life
lSa
tu
d
Future: going to Traditional songs,
3
ie
6
s
and present continuous music and instruments
Ar
t
ish
La
Modals: have
2
gl
ng
to and must
The
En
Tales and
7
ua
legends
ge
Cool City
an
Past simple
d
1
Li
and continuous
te
ra
t
ur
e
Values
Environmental Intercultural
10 care 9 diversity 8 Traffic education
Big Cities
Big cities around the world are usually very
crowded and busy. Most of them are facing similar
problems nowadays. For instance, there is a lot of
noise, delinquency, garbage, pollution, and so much
traffic. In Quito, the authorities at City Hall are
taking action to help solve the problem. They are
not allowing people with cars to drive for a specific
day each week. This new law is called “hoy no circula.”
The day is chosen according to the last number
Freepik / Pixabay
of the car's license plate. This law reduces the number

of cars circulating in the city during rush hour.
What do you think of this law?
Consider some of the problems that big cities have. Make

a list of advantages and disadvantages of living in the
place where you live. Compare the ideas with a partner.
1
Lesson A
How many places have you visited in the countryside, outside of the city?
Living in the Countryside

Vocabulary
richness. abundance • Ecuador has most of its cultural richness in its countryside.
still. continuing, up to • There are still some tribes that don’t have any kind of human
the present, up to a moment contact in Ecuador’s Amazon region and some of them do not even
wear clothes as we know clothes. They do wear clothes made from
countryside. rural area
materials in nature such as ropes and leaves, but not like we see
in the city every day.
• Quichua is a language that some students in the countryside learn
at schools.
• Ecuador has protected areas and they are in Ecuador’s countryside.
1. Look at the pictures and think of at least two advantages and two
disadvantages of “Living in the Countryside.” Compare your answers
Tip with a partner.
You can ask your partner’s
opinion by saying:
Pixabay / Jerzy Andrzej Kucia

What do you think (of…)?
Or what’s your opinion/
point of view (about…)?
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2. Challenge! Complete the chart below by writing two examples

of a small city or a town in the countryside that you know about. Also,
write a characteristic that makes the place special. There is an example
to help you.
Place Characteristic
Guano in Chimborazo It has the best “cholas.” A kind
of bread that looks like “allullas”
but sweet.
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3. Now write three sentences comparing a big city with a small town
in the countryside. You can go over Module 1 to remember the correct use
of comparatives such as busier, quieter, more crowded, etc.
Pixabay / Free-Photos
2
Oral Communication
Social Studies
What is it like living in the countryside? Would you like to live in the country?
Pros and Cons of Living in the Countryside

1. Your cousin from a big city wants to know about your town which is in
the countryside. Look at the pictures and write P for Pros (advantages)
and C for Cons (disadvantages) of living in the countryside. Compare
your answers with a partner.

Pixaba / Quinn Kampschroer
Pixabay / Steve Buissinne

Pixabay / Pexels
Pixabay / Poswiecie
Pixabay / Pexels
Freepik
2. Listen to the conversation between Jan from Quito and Kevin from Pintag.
Complete the dialogues by using the words in the box. Audio
sick pollution are town air
Jan: Hey, Kevin. How you doing?

Kevin: I am OK, and you? You look pale.
Jan: Yes, I'm . You know the weather changes
so quickly, and there is lots of pollution near my house. So, my doctor said
Vocabulary
all those things cause allergies, and that is what I have now.
Kevin: I'm so sorry to hear that. I, on the other hand, feel very good. pale. skin with very little color,
I can breathe fresh , the food we eat is what sickly
my grandparents cultivate so its organic and doesn’t have any chemicals. weather. climate
Another advantage is that in my home town, there are not too many cars
so there is very little . pollution. dirty (air, land,
water)
Jan: You are right! Your lifestyle is healthier, but I really like living
in Quito. There is a lot of public transportation, a lot of malls, cinemas breathe. to take air in
and even hospitals.
to each his own. each one can
Kevin: Well to each his own. I don’t want to change my beautiful choose what they prefer
for any place else.
3. Listen to a conversation between a father and son. In your notebook,

write down the advantages of living in the country and the advantages Audio
of living in the city. Listen to the dialogue.
4. Listen to the conversation again. Write down any disadvantages you hear
about living in the country and/or the city.
3
Reading
What stories can you remember that take place in the country?
Stories from the Country

1. Do you remember some stories you heard as a child? I bet you do! Look at
the pictures and tell your teacher if they remind you of a story.
2. Read the following blog post about a teen who tells us an interesting story.
Pixabay / pasja1000
Hi! I am Rosy. I lived in the country as a child. It was an excellent time

of my life. I remember one day, I was going to the river because it was
my favorite place to take a shower and refresh myself. As I was walking,
I saw a little girl. She was very beautiful with her long black hair.
She was crying. I immediately ran up to her, and as I was getting closer,
she stood up and ran away. I ran faster to catch up with her. When
I finally got close to her, she turned and I could see her face was full of scars.
I screamed like crazy and returned to my house. I told the story to my
mom and she told me that happened to girls like me who didn’t listen
to their mothers. My mommy always told me not to go to the river alone,
Pixabay / AlexaFotos
but I never paid attention. It was my favorite place and I had lots of fun
there. However, I learned the lesson. So kids, always listen to your mother!!
I really don’t know how, but they always know what is best for us.
3. Now answer the questions from the story about Rosy.

Tip
Before you search for new a. Explain why you liked or didn't like the story.
words, read all the text quickly
to get a general idea of
the meaning.
b. Have you heard about a similar story in your childhood?
Then, the second time, read
more carefully and underline
words you don't know. c. What were you thinking about as you were reading the passage?
d. What’s the lesson learned with this story?
Vocabulary 4. Complete the chart with information from the reading. When you finish
compare your answers with your partners by making small groups.
run up to. to approach
by running
Story characters Events
as. while, meanwhile, during
lived in the countryside.
catch up with. to reach
the same position Rosy’s mother
scars. marks on the skin

was crying.
caused by an injury or cut
mommy. mom At the end, Rosy
4
Writing
Social Studies
What time do you get out of bed to start your day?
Grammar Tip
Daily Activities in the Country
1. Your friend who lives on a ranch is telling you her morning routine.
To express the sequence
Look at the sequence of pictures and describe what the girl was doing of events you can use
before school. connectors like:
• First, First of all, At first…
• Second, Then, After, Later
(on), Third, Right after (that),
Sometime later…
• In the end, Eventually, Finally,
Freepik
At last…
05:00 05:25 06:00 07:00
2. Write numbers 1-6 in the circles next to the sentences to make a logical
sequence of the activities your friend did this morning. Remember
• Then she fed the chickens. Simple past Past progressive
• And in the end she gave the horse water. describes past
describes finished actions in progress
• Today while I was sleeping, Louise was doing activities in her ranch. actions in the past. during
a period of time.
• She wakes up very early every morning. Structure: Structure:
Subject + verb Subject + was/
• For example she milked the cows. in the past + were + ing verb +
complement. complement.
• This is my friend Louise. Examples:
Examples:
- I was watching
- Before school, vs
TV when you
I watched TV this
3. Challenge! Now it is your turn to tell your friend what your morning called me last
morning.
routine was. First write a sequence of activities you did this morning night.
before coming to school and then share your ideas. Use the sequence - My friend helped
- Louise was
her mother and
connectors from the writing tip above. working in her
after she went to
ranch while
school.
1 I was sleeping.
It uses regular
2 When combined
verbs (watch-
with simple past,
watched, help-
3 it uses connectors
helped) or irregular
like: as, while,
verbs (go-went,
4 when
drive-drove).
5
Vocabulary
4. Exchange books with a partner and read his/her routine to contrast
it with yours. routine. something done
frequently at the same time
5. Complete the sentences with the appropriate verb forms in parenthesis.
fed. past of the verb feed.
a. My friend the cows while I was sleeping. (milk) To give food to animals
b. She very early this morning. (wake up). ranch. a farm

c. My mom when I arrived. (cook). milk. the job of getting milk
d. My friend to the beach yesterday. (travel) from animals
5
Art
What are some ways to get someone's attention?
Short Songs to Attract Someone
Value: Intercultural diversity
Ecuador is a megadiverse country and everywhere you go there’s

culture. In this section, we'll refer to the coastal region of Ecuador,
where people have an original tradition called in Spanish “amorfinos.”
You must be wondering what an "amorfino" is. An “amorfino” is kind
of a rhyme that is a mixture of a romantic poem with some humor.
It has influence from the couplet which has its origin in Spain. People
from the coastal countryside of Ecuador are called "montubios" and
Flikr / Ministerio Turismo Ecuador
they have lots of traditions. To make women fall in love, they use
the popular and funny “amorfinos.”
1. Write Correct(C) or Incorrect(I) next to the following statements

according to the text above. Then make small groups and write corrections
to the incorrect statements.
• “Amorfinos” are from the capital of Ecuador.
• “Amorfinos” are some rude expressions.
• “Amorfinos” have Spanish influence.
• “Montubios” live in Cuenca.
2. Pair work. Answer the following questions and compare with a partner.
a. What is a typical way on the coast of Ecuador to make a woman fall

in love?
b. Describe with your own words what "amorfinos" are.
c. In your city or town, what does a boy do to get a girl’s attention?

Vocabulary
megadiverse. with a lot of

diversity
wonder. to ask oneself

d. Challenge! In your notebook, write an "amorfino" in your own
couplet. a short song language. Share it with your partner and ask him/her if he/she likes it.
6
Oral Communication
What are some things you would enjoy about living in the countryside?
Disagreement
1. You will listen to Sophie talking about her life in the countryside. Before you
listen, choose the picture that you think will best describe what she will say. Audio
2. Listen to her now and check your answer. Did you choose the correct
picture? Discuss with a partner details of how the pictures are different.
3. Read the following sentences. There is one word in each that is incorrect
according to the listening. Rewrite the sentences with the corrections.
Pixabay / Jill Wellington

• Every morning that she wakes up she can listen to the birds chirping.
• The fresh air she can breathe is wonderful.
Pixabay / Chris Aram

• In the country, people are not very friendly.
Tip
• We share all of our things and are rude with each other. Try to write some key words
down to compare your
answers later.
4. Look at the chart below. Now, listen to those people again and check
where they stress their voices when using those expressions to agree Value: Environmental care
or disagree with Sophie. Which words have a different sound? Listen
closely! It doesn’t matter if you live
in the city or the country,
everyone should take care of the
Grammar Tip environment. People in the city
can throw away garbage they
To express agreement or disagreement there are some expressions you
find on the streets or in parks.
can use:
In the country, make sure trails
and lakes always look their
Agreement Disagreement How?
natural best.
I think so. I understand your point, but
I agree to some extent. I think… polite
Tell me about it. (slang) I see what you mean but… Vocabulary
I don’t think so. country. rural area outside

I couldn’t agree with you
I totally disagree. strong of a populated city
more.
I don’t agree at all.
lungs. parts of your body
that permit you to breathe
share. to divide or to distribute

5. In small groups, share with your partners your opinion on Sophie’s ideas something with other people
and agree or disagree on their opinions. Use the expressions in the chart.
stress. accent, emphasis
7
Lesson B
Where are rain forests in Ecuador that you can visit?
Traveling
1. You are interested in traveling next summer but you are not sure where
You are a tour guide, and to go yet. Make a list of the most popular tourist places that you have
want to convince foreigners heard. Compare the list with a partner.
to visit the Amazon region
of Ecuador. Prepare a little 2. Now your friend gives you a travel magazine to help you make up your
poster to promote it. mind. Read the article below about The Amazon Region of Ecuador
Challenge! Use some of the to decide if you want to go visit this place.
new vocabulary from the text.
Most people travel in order to visit and discover new places, new
cultures and traditions. Many tourists prefer very well-known attractions
like Disney World in the U.S.A., The Eiffel Tower in France, and the
Egyptian pyramids. However, there are some others that prefer to go
to exotic places like the Amazon region in Ecuador or the ancient ruins
of Machu Picchu in Peru. The Amazon region of Ecuador is an incredible
place that hundreds of tourists choose to visit every year. They love
to see the amazing vegetation of its rainforests, its wild animals or the
way some communities live. They want to learn from their customs,
see their houses, try their food, and go fishing. Indigenous people from
Tip the Amazon have a different way of dressing, they grow different types
of fruits and vegetables, and use different ways of cooking. For example,
Use the expressions below
they use spices that are typical in the region. Some spices are even brought
to express your ideas.
from the rivers that connect to the famous Amazon River, the largest
The place that I am speaking about river in the world. Also, there are some tribes that are still uncontacted.
is… It’s located in… There are For all of the reasons mentioned, the Amazon Region of Ecuador is an
some…The natural reserve called… attractive tourist place where people from all over the world come to visit
is there. It has…and…We can see… and enjoy it.
Its typical…is/are…
Pixabay / blackend464
Vocabulary
make up your mind. decide,

make a decision
in order to. to
3. After reading the article, you decide to go visit the Amazon Region
well known. very popular of Ecuador. In your notebook, write reasons and explain to you teacher
ruins. old architecture why you chose this place.
Flikr / Ministerio Turismo Ecuador
fishing. activity that consists 4. In your notebook, write a description of

of catching fish the place using the tips on the left. Also
spices. condiments write a slogan such as “All you need is

Ecuador.”
uncontacted. virgin/not visited
or known
8
Oral Communication
Have you ever visited the Cuyabeno national reserve? What can you see and do there?
Cuyabeno National Reserve

Tip
1. You want to learn more about the Amazon region of Ecuador so you
listen to a national radio show where three speakers talk about their visit When listening, try to copy
to the national reserve Cuyabeno. key words as they sound
(do not worry about spelling
2. Match the speakers from the listening (Laura, Kate and Miller) to the
pictures using the letters L, K or M. or grammar), then you can
predict what they are or mean.
Pixabaya / Hans Schwarzkopf

Pixabay / Luis Deltreehd
reepik / jassada9951
3. Listen again for who says the statements below. Then write H for the
Host, L for Laura’s opinion, K for Kate’s opinion and M for Miller’s opinion. Audio
• I was captivated by the vegetation.
• I was impressed by the trees.
• I liked the way the communities live.
• Would you recommend visiting Cuyabeno?
4. Pair work. With a partner put a check mark next to the things below
that people talked about during the listening activity. Discuss which
things you would like to see if you went to Cuyabeno.
5. When visiting Cuyabeno national reserve, the visitors were captivated by:
• The houses
• The birds
• The price of the trip
• The clear water
• The food
Vocabulary
• The communities
Cuyabeno. a national reserve/
Pixabay / Momentmal
park deep in the Ecuadorian

Amazon region
huge. big
community. a small populated

area
captivated. attracted, giving

attention to
9
Art
Have you danced, or seen others dance to the rhythm of the "Marimba"? Where ? When?
Discovering Our Origins

Flickr / ministerioculturaypatrimonio
Value: Intercultural diversity
When we listen to the word “marimba,” a nice and happy dance comes
to our minds, and we immediately think of people from Esmeraldas,
on the northern coast of Ecuador.
But did you know that…
Vocabulary • Its origin was in Colombia?
• There is evidence of its existence
Cabrera, A.
come to one’s mind. suddenly since the XVII century?
think of something, imagine
• Marimba is also the name
northern. located in the north of the instrument made
of “Guadua” sugar cane,
evidence. proof
used for making music?
sugar cane. a plant where
sugar comes from
nickname. an informal name 1. In groups, investigate more about this popular province of Ecuador.
close friends call you In your notebooks, write about the dance, food, attractions, and other
parts of Esmeraldas culture. Then compare your ideas with other
students.
Grammar Tip 2. You have a friend who lives in Loja and he/she has never been
to Esmeraldas. Write a postcard to him/her, telling him/her what you
When writing a postcard: know about that province. On one side of the postcard, make a drawing
of something that represents this beautiful province.
1. Start with Dear + your
friend’s name.
2. Use descriptive adjectives
to talk about the place you
write about. i.e. Esmeraldas
province has incredible
and beautiful beaches like…
3. Finish with See you
(soon / next week / month /
year) and your signature
(it can be your nick name.)
Freepik
mo Turis
Ministerio
10
Oral Communication
Social Studies
What could be some reasons that Guayaquil is called “La Perla del Pacífico”? Have you visited Guayaquil?
City Life in Guayaquil

1. Have you been to Guayaquil? What do you know about it? Write notes
and discuss in small groups to compare your ideas.
2. Listen to Alexia, a teenager visiting Guayaquil, a big city on the coast

of Ecuador. Then complete the following statements using the verbs Audio
in the boxes in the past tense. Listen to the dialogue.
can visit decide
a. Alexia different public places in Guayaquil.
b. She to go see her friends there.
c. Alexia is happy she walk along Pier 2000.

Tip
3. Look at the pictures and check the ones Alexia mentioned.
When discussing ideas
in groups, it is important
Pixabay / Juan Carlos Rodríguez Clavijo
to be polite and respect each

other’s turns. You can use
expressions like:
May I say something?,
Flickr / VVNincic
It’s my turn, I’m sorry.

It’s your turn. Go ahead!,
Why don’t we…?
Pixabay / Gabriel Vera
Flickr / MeRyan
Vocabulary
port. a place where ships

arrive to load and unload cargo
crowded. full of people
handicrafts. objects made

Pixabay / Walkerssk
Flickr / GustavoM
by hand for decoration.

Many places, such as Otavalo,
have specific handicrafts
along. to go in one direction

pier. a place built in the water

Research and write notes about other interesting public places, where ships park. On top
attractions, or important facts about Guayaquil. Then, you can share there may be attractions
your new ideas with the class. where people can go
11
Reading
Social Studies
Give examples of places where people go when they want to do something away from their home.
Public Places
1. Your little brother wants to learn about some public places in the city
Write a list of public places and why people go there. Circle the city images your brother recognizes
you like to go to. and explain why people go to the places.
Who do you go there with?
When do you go there?
What do you do there?
Pixabay
2. Now read the text and find the words to label the pictures above.
All cities around the world, small or large, quiet or noisy, clean
or polluted, have public places. There are some where people can
enjoy time with family or friends like parks, swimming pools, stadiums
and concert halls. Others are for business and commercial purposes.
For example, stores, markets and banks. When we need medicine, there
are public hospitals, medical centers and drug stores. Young people look
for some fun time at the movie theaters, restaurants and bars; mostly at
Vocabulary night. There are also day care centers, schools and universities where
people go to learn. No matter where you live, people share public places
label. assign to a category almost every single day.
quiet. a silent or calm place
or person
3. Complete the following statements using words from the text above:
swimming pool. place where
you can swim • Soccer players, sports coaches, kids and pets go to
to play, practice sports and relax.
concert hall. a large room
for concerts • You can go to the beach, or rivers to practice water sports.
mostly. usually, generally

• We find vegetables, fish, chicken, soda, etc. at a .
day care center. places
that provide attention • Babies and toddlers don’t go to school yet. They stay at a
and care for young children when their parents work.
12
Writing
What are some cities that you would like to visit? Explain why.
Advertising a City
1. You work at the Ministry of Tourism and you have to promote a city
in your country with a nice ad. Follow the instructions below.
• Choose a city or town you know very well.

• Circle things from the chart below that best describe some of the
attractions in the city.
• Write an attractive title for the ad. (It can include: an adjective +
the name of the city you chose, a phrase or slogan.)
• Write complete sentences describing the city, using the words
you circled, or others.
Studylib
• You may include a map of the city with its attractions.
Public places: malls, restaurants, parks, cinemas, beaches, stadiums,

coliseums, schools, etc.
Location on the map: in the north/northern, in the south/southern,

in the coast, in the Amazon region, in the highlands, etc. Grammar Tip
Interesting attractions: National Park Statue of Quantifiers:

Monument of , River, etc. For large a lot of, lots
quantities of, many, and
Art: music instruments, dance, songs, artists names, etc. use: much.
For small a few, a little,
Typical food: fish “ceviche”, potatoes with pork “fritada”, rice with seafood, quantities (very) few,
etc. use: (very) little.
For NO no, not any,
Others: festivals, weather, people, etc. quantity use: none.
For
2. You are ready to write your AD! Don’t forget to use some quantifiers listed unspecified some
at the right. For example: many parks, lots of malls, etc. (50-60 words) quantity use:
Let’s visit
. Vocabulary
(name of the city)
In Ministry of Tourism.
government department
there are for the country’s tourism
ad or advertisement.
(quantifier + noun)
a public announcement
to promote something
You can visit
(quantifier + noun)
national park. a protected
area in the countryside
seafood. sea / ocean animal

served as food. For example:
shrimp, fish, oysters
13
Assessment
1 Complete the sentences with the past simple or past

continuous. Use the verbs in parenthesis. Ecuador is a country.
a. Rosy (milk) her cows while from the Amazon
her friends (sleep). and the coast are quite similar.
Galapagos is similar to
b. My mom (wake up)
very early yesterday. Galapagos’ flora and fauna are
worldwide.
c. My dad (cook) when I
(arrive) from my school.
Listening
d. My friend (feed) her dogs
this morning. 4 Listen to Hannah and Paul from Canada talking
about their experience in a town close to Cuenca.
Writing Write H for Hanna’s information and P for Paul’s.
2 Write about a town in Ecuador. (50-60 words) a. visited Azuay.

Describe the things that the town has and what you
like about it. b. asked about his trip.
The place that I am writing about is
c. said there were a church and a museum.
. It’s located in
and d. will visit Azuay too.
Speaking
5 Look at the picture below and describe what you see

in complete sentences using the vocabulary learned
in this lessons.
Reading
3 Read the following text and then complete the

information after the reading.
Ecuador is a multicultural country. You can

find interesting and incredible customs in its
territory. If you go to the coast, you can find
music, dancing, food and clothes. These are
different in the highlands but a bit similar to the
customs and traditions in the Amazon. Finally,
The Galapagos Islands have similar food and
Wikimedia / Alfredobi
traditions to the coast. However, its flora and

fauna are unique in the world.
14
Assessment What are some advantages of living in a city?
It’s a free spectacle but you must find
1 Circle the word(s) that best complete the sentences: 3 a good place to see the parade early before
a. Some / a little / any people that live in the it starts because it can be really crowded. If you
countryside enjoy the fine/fresh/free air and go to Rio, you can also enjoy at the beautiful
healthy food. beaches or eat the famous churrasco in a
traditional Brazilian restaurant.
b. In the city, there is not many / much / little time
to be with your family, especially if you live close /
clean / far from work. a. A few people worldwide go visit
Brazil during its Carnival.
c. A (n) ad / center / hall is a type of publicity
b. Only men and women with children
to attract and buy/ promote / produce a place
walk along the streets in the parade.
or a product.
c. You need to arrive early to find
d. No / Much / A lot of public places are free, a good place to see the spectacle.
for example the park / the cinema / restaurants.
d. The parade is the only attraction
Writing in Brazil during Carnival celebration.
2 Write about the public places in your city. Use the Listening
vocabulary learned in this unit. (50-60 words)
4 Michael’s job is to visit interesting cities around
Start like this:
the world. He’s at a radio show now, sharing some
experiences. Listen to the show and answer the
In my city questions in complete sentences.
a. What public places does Michael have to pay
to go to?

b. What does Michael do with the pictures
he takes on his trips?

Reading c. How does Michael help the people and places

he visits?
3 Read the text below that continues on the top

of the page. After reading, write (T) for the true
information or (F) for the false information. d. What do you think is the best part of Michael's job?

In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, there is a very
famous Carnival celebration. A lot of people Speaking
from around the world visit this city to see the
incredible parades where men, women and 5 Recommend some places to see and activities to do
children wear colorful costumes while they walk in the city or town you live. Be very descriptive to
and dance along the streets for many hours. promote the place.

I can speak about the city and the countryside.

I can read and understand stories in the past.
I can write an ad to promote a city.
I can express quantity by using quantifiers.
15
Project 1
A Dream City
In small groups: You are going to be city planners. Create an ideal city
to live in.
Tip
Remember: Perfect cities have

many public spaces, no traffic,
a few people, jobs for everybody,
excellent transportation, fresh
and natural food, and good
hospitals and schools.
Freepik
1. Look at the pictures above and complete the next chart. If you prefer,
you can draw a mind map to organize your ideas such as: what willl
the city have, how will people move around, what things should be close
to each other, where will people play and shop, etc.
Tip
Remember to use polite expressions Food is natural, fresh, free of chemicals,…

when organizing and working
as a team! Location It’s by the sea, the river,…
People are…
House style/material
Education
Health
Traffic
Vocabulary Public spaces/
attractions
public. the opposite of private,
for everyone to use Your own idea(s)
mind map. an organizer

for ideas 2. When you have all the ideas for your dream city completed in your mind
map or chart, make a poster to show and explain your class what your
health. a person's physical dream city is like.
and mental well-being
3. Take turns so every member of the group speaks.
16
Let’s review!
What are some things that the Mayor of a city
1 Use the next words to answer the questions in can do to make the city better? Use the images at
complete sentences. the left. Example: The Mayor can build new public
spaces.

crowded City Hall The Mayor
•
a. You are the authority job in the city you live,

what’s your official charge?
•

b. Where do you work?
•

c. What important problem does the city have?
Compare the city in the past with the city now by
matching the statements.
Two years
2 Look at the images to answer the following question. there was less traffic in the streets.
ago
Use verbs like: build, clean, reduce, etc.
Nowadays we have lots of cars everywhere.
Reading
3 Read the following text and answer the questions.
My aunt Martha lives in the countryside.

Pixabay / Angelic cooke
She enjoys her home because it is quiet and calm.

She also loves eating fresh food and milking
the cows every morning. She can make cheese
and delicious meals from the milk. However,
her son Juan lives in the capital city, which
is big and crowded. There are lots of cars and the
air is not clean at all.When she visits her son,
she feels sick and sad. She doesn’t understand
how people can live in those conditions
and worries about her son.
Pixabay / WikimediaImages
a. What are the differences between Martha’s home

and her son’s?

b. What does Martha use to prepare delicious food?

c. Why is Martha worried about her son?


Cabrera, A.
17
Lesson C
How many different traffic signs are there in Ecuador? All over the world?
Traffic Signs, Signals and Symbols
Value: Traffic education

• Traffic signs appeared in the Roman Times to help people understand
Pixabay / GerdAltmann
the rules.
• In 1968, there was an attempt to unify all traffic signals around
the world, but it was not accepted by some countries.
• Countries like the United States and the United Kingdom have signs
with “tanks” as pictures to let you know that there is a military base.
• There are some strange signs like a high heel with the broken heel.
This is to let ladies know the road is irregular or bad to walk with high
heels.
1. Challenge! How much do you know about traffic? Match the letter
of the picture with the descriptions below. Compare your answers with
Tip a partner.
SCHOO
ZONE
Don’t forget to respect A B C SCHOOL D E
everybody’s turns and use ZONE
Pixabay / AnnaliseBatista
polite expressions like: SLOW

I’m sorry. It’s your turn! SCHOOL DOWN
SLOW
Could I go next please? Oops, ZONE
DOWN SCHOOL
I was wrong! Excuse me, ZONE
I’m next. F G H I ROAD
SLOW WORK
DOWN ROAD AHEAD
SLOW
WORK
DOWN
AHEAD
ROAD
WORK
• accepted AHEAD
speed • ROADdon’t go this way
WORK
AHEAD
• reduce the speed • road construction ahead
Vocabulary • don’t U turn • a stop is ahead soon
unify. to have everything • stop • road does not have exit ahead
equal
• school near
strange. unusual, odd, weird,
not normal
2. Let’s play! Each team draws or writes at least five new and creative traffic
high heels. formal shoes
signs on some flash cards or white small paper. They give a member
that make women seem taller

of the other team a card to act out in order for the other members of their
speed. velocity group to guess. The team that guesses the most signs wins.
turn. change directions 3. In small groups draw or make a traffic light and explain to the class what
each color represents and explain what drivers should do at each light.
18
Oral Communication
What things should be included in traffic education?
Traffic Education
1. Listen to a girl named Joy talking. What is the main topic? When you
know it, answer the questions below. Audio
• What new subject is Joy studying in her school?
• Discuss and write down the differences between drivers, pedestrians

and passengers?
Drivers
Pedestrians
Passengers
• According to the recording, what could be dangerous for pedestrians?
2. Look at the pictures and write pedestrian crossing, driver and passenger
on the lines given.
Pixabay / CS Houghton
Pixabay / Nick Walker
Freepik
3. In small groups discuss what pedestrians need to do. Write at least three
rules to follow to protect yourself on the street.
2
Vocabulary
3
subject. what you learn in
4. Listen to Joy again and say what her last reflection is. Do you agree school like Math, Science, etc.
or disagree with her? pedestrian. a person who
walks along streets, roads
passenger. a person
who uses transportation
19
Reading
When, how, and who should educate future drivers?
Traffic Education
1. Challenge! In small groups check the topics you know about traffic
in your city. Check the ones you know about from the following list.
Grammar Tip
Look at the table below to make Traffic light colors Traffic light meanings
sure that when you read and
write, you understand and use
the correct reflexive pronoun.
Driving rules Driver responsibilities
Subject Reflexive
Pronoun Pronoun Pedestrian obligations
Passengers’ rights
and responsibilities
I Myself
You Yourself 2. Read the following paragraph, pay attention to the words highlighted
in blue.
He Himself
She Herself There are students from high schools who in the past used to receive
a subject called “Traffic Education,” but this doesn’t exist anymore.
It Itself These students used to apply their learning on the streets.
We Ourselves Nowadays, traffic education doesn't exist. People don’t know
much about traffic signs, signals, and their responsibilities as citizens.
You Yourselves
The Police recommend instructing ourselves about this, and there is
They Themselves information about it on their webpage. If you want to know more
information on this topic, access the police website and teach yourself
about the subject.
3. Complete the phrases using the correct reflexive pronoun.
• Traffic officers solve the city’s traffic jam problems .
• We can save our lives by respecting the traffic

signs and symbols.
• You can teach anything new by reading, researching

and asking experts.
4. Write the letter a, b, or c in the picture it describes.
a. Subject received in schools in the past.
b. Students directing the traffic themselves.
c. Information about the subject.

Vocabulary
used to. to express habits

Flickr / Secretaría de Movilidad
from the past

apply. to put it in use
traffic jam. too many cars

in the streets that prevents
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normal movement
20
Writing
What are some of a citizen's responsibilities and obligations?
Rules to be Followed
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must
Must is used to express obligation. i.e. Students must respect the school rules. follow
Have to is used to express obligation. It is more common in speaking than A good citizen the rules.
must. i.e. Students have to study their lessons.
*Remember that must does not use “to” before the following verb! must not
destroy
1. Challenge! Using the spaces below, make a pictogram using three A good citizen public property.
obligations you have as a student. Follow the example. When you finish,
show it to your partner so he/she can guess what your pictures and
words say. has
to be
A good citizen kind and respectful

with others.
Grammar Tip
To express possession, we use

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possessive adjectives. i.e.

Quito has beautiful places.
Its buildings in the historical
center keep lots of traditions.
Marie’s daughter is nice.
Her name is Alice.
Subject Possessive
2. Now, write the sentences from your pictograms. Look at the example: Pronoun Adjectives
Students have to do homework. I my
You your
1
He his
2
She her
3
It its
We our
3. Read the sentences you wrote to your partner substituting “have to”
for “must.” See the example: Students must do homework. You your
They their
4. Read the following sentences and complete them with the appropriate
possessive adjective or reflexive pronoun from the charts on pages 20-21.
Vocabulary
• Marie’s students are working. They must complete the exercises
. citizen. someone who lives
• Charlie is cleaning the class. He has to clean board legally in a particular city
and floor this week. or country
• They must draw a map . The map is about their pictogram. a type of graph
country. with pictures or symbols
to show information
• I must take care of uniform every day. It has
to be clean and ironed. ironed. flat and smooth
21
Explain what a meme is. Explain if they should be considered art.
Memes
Some say memes are not art because they do not follow the rules
to be considered art. Others say they are because they show cultural
and social expressions. These memes are new. They became popular
Pixabay / Mylene2401
with the use of social networks such as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook,

etc. Young people use them to express their thoughts, ideas and even
their disagreement with the society. In conclusion, as it is new, it is still
in debate, and it depends on you to consider it art or not.
1. Plan a debate dividing the class into two groups. Those who agree
on one side and those who disagree on the other side. There should be
a neutral mediator in the center. Discuss each sides opinions.
Do you like memes?
Do you consider them to be 2. Challenge! You are very creative. Make your own memes in English using
art? Discuss your opinions the images below and read them to your class.
with with your partner.
Tip
When expressing your opinion

and listening to others’ ideas,
don’t forget to be polite and
respect different points of view.
You can use expressions like:
In our opinion…, We (don’t) think
that…, Our main point is that…,
I see your point, but…,
I understand, but…, I see what you
mean, but…, I’m sorry, I just have
to disagree with you.
Pixabay
When writing a phrase, you can use:

Vocabulary
Affirmative sentences: I am a little crazy. There has been a lot of work.
meme. a video, picture Negative sentences with not: We do not have much time. You cannot tell
or phrase sent via internet me that.
intended to get attention
Interrogative sentences that ask questions: Are you serious? Where have
follow. to do what is asked, you been?
directions Imperative sentences: Don’t worry! Be happy!

disagreement. not to agree
3. Tell the class if you think your memes are art or not. Explain your reasons.
neutral. impartial
You can start like this. My meme is/isn’t art because …..
22
Oral Communication
Describe some of the ways that you help other people.
Assisting Others
Did you know that there are many people who assist others every day and in
different ways? Do you know someone who does it? Discuss with your partner.
1. Listen to the conversation between a mother and her daughter. Then

answer the questions in incomplete sentences. Audio
• What do people call Jaime Jaramillo?
• What is Papa Jaime’s nationality?
Pixabay / Sabine van Erp

• Write three ways how Papa Jaime assists others.
2. Look at the images and mark with an the ways how we can help others
according to the kid’s teacher.
Vocabulary
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assist. to help
homeless. with no home

3. Make small groups and think of other ways to assist people. What is your
opinion about it? Discuss with your group members. blind. people who cannot see
Tip pregnant. expecting a baby
elderly. a person over 65

When expressing your opinion, you can start with: I (really) think /
What I think is…; I believe / What I believe is…; In my opinion…; From give up. sacrifice something
my point of view… for the benefit of someone
else
23
Lesson D
What are some things you need to do before you travel to another place?
Planning a Trip
When you travel abroad, make sure you follow these tips:
• Make sure you are healthy before your trip. Get a medical checkup
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if possible.
• Have your passport with you and make a copy of it.
• Know about the currency in the place where you are visiting.
• Activate your cell phone for abroad connections if possible.
• Be patient and flexible to enjoy your trip as much as you can!
1. You are going to travel to your grandparents’ house in the countryside.

Tick the objects you’re going to take for the trip.
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When listing things (nouns), you need quantifiers…
For count nouns: (very) few / a few / many
For non-count nouns: (very) little / a little (bit) / much
For both, count and non-count nouns: some / a lot of / lots of / no / any
For singular count nouns you can also use a / an /one
For plural count nouns you can also use two / a pair of / three / etc.
2. Choose some objects from the ones you ticked in exercise 1 and tell
your class why you selected them. Use quantifiers when you mention
them.
I’m going to take a/an…, some…and maybe a little…to go on my trip to…

Vocabulary
3. Challenge! (In pairs) You won a contest, and you are traveling to Alaska
trip. going away with one classmate.
currency. the type of local 4. Write 5 things you will take on this trip. Compare your answers with the
money used in a country others and say why you are going to take those things to your trip.
abroad. outside your own
1
country
2
count nouns. things you can
count, 1-2-3 cars, cups of 3

milk
4
non-count nouns. can not be
counted: traffic, milk 5
24
Oral Communication
Describe a trip that you went on recently. What did you do and see?
Traveling Overseas
1. Do you recognize any of the places in the pictures? What picture
represents a trip overseas?
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2. Listen to two students talk about the trips they took on their last vacation.
Audio
3. What places did they visit? What did they do? Complete the chart below. Listen to the dialogue.
Use the past tense for the activities.
Activities
Place
(visit, be, have, go to, eat, see)
Tip
Tony
After listening the first time,
and writing down some key
Sammy words, you can ask your
teacher for help with the
words or expressions you
4. After listening, decide if these statements true or false. Listen again don’t understand. You can
and write True(T) or False(F) and correct the false information: say: I don’t understand……,
What does………mean?, Could
• Tony’s parents don't work very much. you repeat that please?, How do
you say…..?
• Tony’s mother speaks English very well.
Vocabulary
• Tony’s father is an accountant. overseas. abroad, to other
countries
sibling. a brother or a sister

• Sammy visited her family in Riobamba.
effort. to try something
difficult
theme park. a big park

• Sammy ate some cheese from Chimborazo. with different attractions
like Disney
ice. frozen water

• Guano is not close to Riobamba. mummy. dead body wrapped
in cloth
25
Reading
What’s your ideal vacation?
My Ideal Vacation
1. Read a Travel Magazine article about, Pete’s vacation. Pay attention

to the underlined words that help to connect ideas in the order of events.
Pete’s Vacation
I remember my first trip to the beach with my best friends. A year
ago, my friends and I went to Montañita Beach to rest and enjoy our
vacation together. We spent three incredible days there.
At first, we arrived on Friday and began to look for a hotel. When
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we found it, we went to the beach and started a fun soccer game.
After this, we watched the sunset together, and we shared stories
of our lives. Then we swam in the pool until it got late. The next day,
we took a tour around the beach and met other teens. We all enjoyed
the breathtaking atmosphere. The last day, we decided to stay at the
beach all day long playing, eating, and swimming. At the end, we made
a fire, sang some songs, danced and had a great time until the day was
over.
It was an excellent experience we are never going to forget. I hope
to repeat the trip again next year.
Grammar Tip
2. Read the story again and complete the following ideas from the text.
We can use connectors Use some connectors to explain the sequence of the ideas.
like: At first, Then, After this,
At the end, etc. to express • , Pete and his friends traveled to .
the order of events when
telling or writing a story. • , they stayed there for .
• , they met other .
• The last day they .
3. Choose and circle the correct word(s) to complete the sentence according
Vocabulary to the reading.
ideal. exactly what you want, • Pete’s last vacation was twelve / ten / five months ago.
perfect
• Pete’s vacation was for a few days / a week / a weekend.
rest. to relax
• Pete and his friends played soccer before / after / while they found
sunset. part of the day in the
a hotel.
afternoon when the sun starts
to move down in the sky
• The first / second / third day, Pete and his friends went on a tour.
breathtaking. exciting,
awesome, beautiful
fire. something burning that

Pair work. Discuss with a partner. What is your ideal place for a
produces heat
vacation? Who would you go with on the trip?
hope. to have an expectation
for the future
26
Writing
What do you think about when deciding where to go on vacation?
Vacation Time
1. Look at the pictures, then choose one that represents the best trip
for you.
Freepik / Pixabay
Tip
2. To best describe your dream vacation, answer the following questions first.
When you write about
a. What do you think of the picture you chose? Where do you think it is? something, you must have
I think that picture is in and I love it. three important parts,
It looks . (opinion) an introduction where
you give your opinion, a body
b. Write two or three reasons that support your opinion about that place. where you give examples and
For example, the activities to do, places to see, etc. (reasons) reasons that support the ideas
of your introduction,
and a conclusion where you
summarize all your ideas.
c. Why would you recommend this place to others? (conclusion)
3. With all the information above, make an essay paragraph about

your dream vacation. Don’t forget to include an introduction, a body
and a conclusion. You can also use some connectors from page 26.
(40-50 words)
Introduction
Reason 1
Reason 2
Vocabulary
Reason 3 chose. past form of the verb

choose, selected, decided
support. give reasons

Conclusion
for an opinion
27
What are you going to change?
Multiple Talents
Do you like music? Do you know that music is art? In England there
is a famous jazz-pop singer, song-writer, pianist, guitarist, drummer,
and also a radio show presenter on BBC radio. His name is Jamie Cullum.
In 2018, he sang for the Queen Elizabeth II at her birthday party. What
a talented artist, don’t you think so?
1. Read the following lyrics segment of a song about New Year’s resolutions
from the jazz-pop singer Jamie Cullum. Pay attention to the underlined
words.
Flickr / Tore Saetre
Next year, things are gonna change,

gonna drink less beer and start all over again.
Gonna pull up my socks,
gonna clean my shower
Grammar Tip not gonna live by the clock, but get up at a decent hour.
Gonna is the informal oral Gonna read more books,
abbreviation of going to Gonna keep up with the news,
and it is used to express future Gonna learn how to cook, and spend less money on shoes…
plans and decisions.
When writing, use the formal
and correct going to:
2. Read the sentences from the lyrics again and rewrite them, now using
Subject + verb to be in present the complete form of gonna = going to in the lines below. Don’t forget
(am / is / are) + going to + to write the verb to be. There’s one example given.
a verb in the base form.
i.e. Next summer, I am going to
visit my grandmother in El Oro. Next year, things are going to change,
he is going to to be so happy
to see me.
Vocabulary
jazz. a type of music developed

by African-Americans.
drummer. someone who plays

the drums 3. Write four resolutions you are going to make this school year and compare
them with a partner.
resolution. a decision or
promise you make yourself •
to do or not to do something
in the future •
keep up with. continue to be •

informed about something •
28
Oral Communication
How far ahead do you plan your life?
My Personal Agenda
When planning for our future plans, we sometimes need to make some
arrangements.
1. Listen to a couple of teenagers making plans for the weekend.

Pay attention to the arrangements they make. What tense is it used for Audio
the future actions? Listen to the dialogue.
The present progressive (am / is / are + verb-ing) is also used to express

future plans and arrangements. Also will/going to + verb for the future.
2. Listen to the conversation again and write (T) for the True statements
or (F) for the False ones. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.
• The conversation is about the teens’ future vacation.
• Nick wants Johnny to go to the festival with him.
• Johnny needs to finish his Science project.
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• Johnny and his mother are going to the cinema.
Grammar Tip
3. Look at this teenager’s agenda. Write sentences of her plans and
arrangements using the present progressive; then, read them to your Make sure you use time
partner. Don't forget will/going to + verb for future.
expressions for the future
(this afternoon, in the evening,
Monday Meet art teacher tonight, tomorrow, next
Saturday/week/month/year,
at 6 o’clock, etc.)
Tuesday Guitar lessons
Wednesday
Vocabulary
Thursday Help mom
arrangement. a plan for how
something will or may happen
Friday Sami’s party
weekend. Saturday and
Sunday. Days off at the end
Saturday Family lunch of the work or school week.
film. movie
Sunday Soccer match
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29
Assessment
1 Complete the sentences with the correct possessive 4 Read the following text and then complete the
adjectives. information below by using just one word.
a. Martin’s students are studying.

We have to be good citizens. We have
students must complete the workbook. to respect each other, and we have to help
vulnerable people that need our assistance. It is
b. They must do homework.
our obligation as students to give the example
homework is about “traffic signals.” to young generations to have a better world.
Remember to teach yourself about signs, signals
2 Change “must” for “have to” in the following
and symbols to contribute to help the place
sentences and add a couple more words to give
where you live.
detail.
a. Students must be responsible. • We must be good .

• We have to assist people.
• must give a good example.
• We must teach about signs,
b. Students must respect school rules. signals and symbols.
Listening
5 Listen to Lucy talk about her last trip. Write True(T)

or False(F). Then rewrite the false statements
Writing to make them true.
3 Write about your best vacation. Use the prompts
at the beginning of each paragraph. (50-60 words) a. Lucy traveled to Baños.
I think that the best place I
b. Lucy stayed in her aunt’s house.

I liked

because c. She and her family went to the zoo.
For example d. After going to the church, they went

swimming.

In conclusion,
Speaking
6 You are a tour guide. Recommend a place to visit on

vacation. Be as descriptive as possible.
30
Assessment What are some advantages of living in a city?
1 What did you learn about Traffic Education in these 4 Read the following text and answer the questions
past lessons? Answer the questions. below.
• What does each color represent?
Carmen lives in a big city right in front
Red lights: of a busy street. From her window, she watches
Yellow lights: how dangerous it is for some pedestrians,
especially young kids and the elderly, to cross
Green lights: the street. One reason is that some drivers
don’t respect the traffic signals. For example,
Listening
they don’t go slower when there is an yellow
2 Listen to Gabriel talk about traffic rules and being a light, they go faster, and some drivers don’t
good citizen. Then complete the sentences using the even stop at a red light. Another reason
words in the box. is that many pedestrians don’t use the cross walk
to cross the streets. Carmen feels very sad about
sidewalk rules assist prohibited all the accidents she sees very frequently, and she
would love to teach people Traffic Education
Red signs indicate that something is when she grows up.
.
We know and follow the and a. Is Carmen happy to live in a big city? Why?
regulations for pedestrians. Why not?
We as good citizens should
pregnant and elderly people.
b. According to Carmen, who is most at risk when
We must always walk on the . crossing the avenue?
Writing
3 Use some of the following words to write a paragraph c. Do people in Carmen’s city have Traffic
about Traffic Education. Don’t forget to use the parts Education? Support your answer.
of an essay paragraph. (40-50 words)
good citizens assist children/the elderly red signs
yellow signs warnings pedestrians respect d. What is Carmen’s dream?

Speaking
5 In pairs. Speak about your future arrangements.

Use public places to mention the activities you are
doing next week(end).

I do it very I do it somewhat I can I can’t do it
Topics well well improve without help
I can listen and understand about traffic education and citizen’s obligations.
I can write about my past trips and events.
I can express my future plans with going to and present continuous.
31
Project 2
Teaching the Citizens!
In groups of 5-6 students, you are going to plan some Traffic Education
Lessons to teach young people and adults:
Tip
Don’t forget that the idea

is to learn how to be 1 Traffic signs, symbols, and signals
a responsible citizen, respect
and follow the rules, and
offer assistance to people
(or animals) in need so we How to respect the law as pedestrians,
can all live peacefully as a
2 drivers, and passengers
community.
How we can assist others who

3 need it (people/animals/the nature)
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To do this, follow the next steps:
1. Name each lesson you will give and complete the weekly agenda
to organize one lesson each day:
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
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Sunday
Vocabulary 2. When you have all the lessons named by days, think of what you will
need (room, supplies, etc.) and activities you will do in each class (game,
speech, etc.).
supply. an amount of something

ready to use
3. Have ready your activity (game, speech, etc.). Each person in the group
speech. a formal talk in front must be in charge of teaching one of the lessons planned (your classmates
of an audience will represent the citizens).
32

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English Who are you?

Eighth Grade EGB

Did you know that…

• It is the language of 70% of the world’s mail.

• Approximately how many people speak English in the world?

• What professions are related to international aviation?

• Do you listen to music in English on the radio?

Communication and Cultural Awareness

She has four children: three boys; Prince

queen. the wife of a king

rule. to decide, to use power, city

prince. the son of the king

princess. the daughter

Soccer Around the World

2. What sports, other than soccer, are popular in other countries?

3. Listen to an interview with a student at a soccer academy. Where is

5. Challenge! Listen again and try to mention some countries where

• BCSS has more than 82 million players worldwide.

- Lionel Messi is Argentinian. = He is from Argentina. worldwide. existing

• Where are you from?

What are some ways to describe members of a family?

funny young sweet

playful old grey

3. Now you’re ready to draw Rosie’s family in the picture frame.

cook. a person who prepares

pet. a domestic animal

1. Read the following sections of a paragraph. Which section do you think

To conclude, for all these reasons and more, my mom

My mom is an interesting woman, and she’s beautiful

Body 1 creative. a person who uses

Family Photo Album

I was there last week.

2. Complete the chart with “past” or “present.”

a. We use am / is / are + ing verbs (looking, living, visiting) to express

b. We use was / were + ing verbs (doing, playing, eating) to express

Your friend: This is me at my grandparents’ house two years ago.

Comparing People Ana

• Use have/has to describe

Ana is taller than Toni.

You can add more + adjective + than to compare 2 people, 2 places,

Toni is more serious than Ana.

Irregular adjectives: Vocabulary

ID card. an identification card

3. In small groups, each student makes his/her own ID card, describes

Communication and Cultural Awareness

2. What are common adjectives to describe people of these ages?

3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each age.

stage. period of time ing adjectives ed adjectives

adolescence. the period of life to go on vacation.

What are some things that make it difficult to be an adolescent?

disappointed. sad or displeased

From Graffiti to Creative Murals

"Muralism" Street Art

Remember adjectives ending

sort of. kind of, type of

pay tribute. to honor.

Describe what it might be like to live in an RV or trailer?

Different Types of Homes

trailer. a place to cook and

3. Listen again and complete.

Write examples of different kinds of houses:

Write examples of features in trailers, houses, hotels, etc: