Modulo 9no 2024

English Are we taking care
Pedagogical Module 3 of our planet?

Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts
Ninth Grade EGB
Comparatives
and superlatives 4
Natural disasters: causes
5 and consequences
Sc
ie
nc
Future tenses: will,
3
e
going to, continuous Deal with
6 an emergency
Ci
vic
s
isshh
Simple past &

2
glli
Present perfect 7
an
Ernest Hemingway
g
La Lite
Enn
d
ng ra
E
ua tur
Our World
ge e
8 Famous paintings
Imperatives 1
Ar
t
Values
Values
Democratic Human Natural environment

12 participation 11 mobility 10 Responsibility 9 conservation
Our world, our home

This is our world, our home, and the only one we to face them. Communities need an emergency plan
have. It’s everybody’s responsibility to take care because it can save lives, and it is also interesting
of it. To protect the environment, people have to to plan one. If people join to organize these kind
know everything about it, so it’s essential to recycle. of projects, everybody can learn something new.
Remember to use cloth bags instead of plastic bags. Prevention is the best way to protect people.
People also need information about natural disasters
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Non-Commercial Licence
• What can you do to protect our environment?
• What do you know about recycling?
1
Lesson A
Communication and Cultural Awareness
What superstitions do people have in your community?
Incas and Natural Disasters

Culture
1. Read this article about the Inca Empire.
In some cultures, natural
disasters and weather Many years ago, during the Inca Empire, the emperor thought that
are related to a belief natural disasters - like earthquakes and floods - were messages from
or a superstition, which can the earth, angry messages because of all the destruction they caused.
mean something positive The Emperor wasn’t calm, he was extremely scared. People had a plan
or negative in a community’s to face these disasters. The emperor and the priest offered ceremonies.
life. Many years ago, our In those ceremonies, they killed little children and animals as a gift
ancestors strongly believed to relieve the earth's anger to avoid natural disasters. They didn’t use to
that a natural disaster was choose young women. Children and animals were considered “pure.”
a sign of punishment People strongly believed that this ceremony helped them with their
because people had done crops, and Mother Earth blessed them during the year. This is one of
something bad. the main reasons why Mother Earth was one of the deities for Incas
and the Andean region in general. Every season they had religious
ceremonies with sacrifices.
2. Choose if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).
a. Natural disasters were peaceful messages.
b. People didn’t have a plan for earthquakes.
c. They assassinated women in ceremonies.
d. Sacrifices were like presents for the Earth.
e. They had ceremonies every year.
3. Answer the questions with your own words:
a. Why was the Inca Emperor afraid of natural disasters?
b. What were the two main natural disasters Incas had to face?
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c. What did priests sacrifice in religious ceremonies?
d. How did people think sacrifices would help them?

Vocabulary
crops. cultivated plant e. What do you think about these ceremonies?

to face. deal with something
2
Oral Communication
What do you know about earthquakes in Japan?
Breaking News in Japan

1. Listen to a radio broadcast about an earthquake in Japan.
Audio
2. Complete the chart. What's happening in each place? Listen to the dialogue.
City Refuge
3. Listen to the conversation again and complete the dialogue.
a. The rescue team that there are

about a thousand injured people.
b. This the largest earthquake in Japan.
c. Rescue teams from all over the world

.
d. The school’s principal some parents
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to inform about their children.
e. The whole school community already

a plan in these cases, and everything
all right.
4. Answer these questions. Ask your partner.
a. What’s the worst part of an earthquake?
b. What advice can you give people who face an earthquake?

Vocabulary
supplies. food and other goods

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refuge. shelter
3
Reading
Science
What different types of natural disasters are there?
Types of Natural Disasters

Value: Natural environment
conservation 1. Read this article about natural disasters.
Take care of the environment. A natural disaster is an event, it’s a natural process of the Earth.
During summer, make sure The most common are:
you don’t throw garbage Floods: This natural disaster is the most common on the coasts
in green areas, especially of the USA. The heaviest rains cause this, and as a result the cities
glass bottles. They can cause or villages get full of water.
a forest fire and are very
dangerous. If you go camping, Earthquakes: These have caused the a lot of damage in many
take your garbage with you countries. It happens when the ground shakes. Japan has the highest rate
when you leave. of earthquakes.
It’s good for the planet. Hurricanes: It is the strongest storm with a violent wind. They are
very common in Florida, USA and the Caribbean.
Wildfires: A huge fire which destroys a great area of land, especially
in forests and green areas. In summer, it is the most dangerous disaster
for wildlife and people.
Drought: It is a long period of time when it doesn’t rain at all.
Grammar Tip
This causes people to lose their crops, and it causes hunger.
Superlatives
General Rules: 2. Match the picture and the sentences.
• One syllable: add “-est”

The longest.
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• Two or more syllables: add
“most”
The most dangerous.
• Adjectives ending in “-y”:
change to i and add “-est”
The happiest. a. The longest drought was in the Atacama desert in Chile.
b. The worst earthquake was in Japan in 2011.
c. The biggest flood was in the USA in 2005.
d. The most dangerous hurricane was in Mexico.
e. The most recent wildfire was in Portugal.
3. Complete the questions with one word. The first letter is there. Use
superlative adjectives.
a. What was the most d earthquake in America?

Vocabulary b. When was the l drought in your city?
huge. extremely big c. Where was the w hurricane in America?
land. geographic area 4. Ask your partner the questions in the previous activity.
4
Writing
What can you do to prepare for a natural disaster?
Tips and Recommendations

Grammar Tip
1. Let’s write a recommendation with some tips in case of a natural disaster.
You can write recommendations in blogs. You can use imperative forms
to give advice. Imperatives
2. Read this blog entry.
are commands or orders.
Use imperatives to:
What to do in case of a natural disaster? • Give orders
The last earthquake in Japan was extremely dangerous, but luckily, Be quiet.
people knew what to do, and they followed a plan. These are some Sit down.
tips you can follow in case of an earthquake: Come here.
• Be calm. Don’t run and shout because because it makes things • Give advice
worse, people can be more afraid. Have a plan.
• Keep away from windows. You can get hurt. Call your parents.
• Find a safe place. Organize with your community a safe place Be careful.
to meet.
• Give instructions
• Have a first aid kit. This could be the most useful thing that
Open your book.
you have.
Close the window.
A natural disaster can be the most dangerous event people can Don’t do that.
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face; just remember to be calm and have a plan.

Imperatives are easy.
For negative, add don’t.
3. Answer these questions:
a. What are some natural disasters that people have to face in Ecuador?
b. Do people have an emergency plan in case of them?
4. Write recommendations for a blog. What to do before and during

a natural disaster?
3
5
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5
Language Through the Arts
Who usually helps in a natural disaster?
Topos de Tlatelolco, the Real Heroes

1. Read this biography about Topos de Tlatelolco.
The rescue team Topos de Tlatelolco is a Mexican group of people

who help people in case of natural disasters in Mexico or any part
of the world. They work for free, so they are a non-profit organization
created in Mexico. The organization started when the most terrible
earthquake happened in the capital of Mexico on September 19, 1985.
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Nowadays, there are about two hundred volunteers - including rescue

dogs- and every year it’s a bigger group.
They say it’s easier to help in an emergency with a big group than
with a small one. Each year, they train volunteers to be part of this
Grammar Tip team. They are all professional and willing to help. Some volunteers
say they feel satisfied when they collaborate in a rescue mission. They
Comparatives: look for people under destroyed buildings, give survivors emotional
When you compare two support, and provide food.
things. This non-profit organization can travel from one place to another
General Rules: faster than before because they have some help from the Mexican
government.
• One syllable: add “-er” longer
• Two or more syllables:
add “more”
2. Complete the sentences about the reading. Choose one word from
more dangerous the box.
• Adjectives ending in “-y”:
change to “-i” and add “-er” non-profit rescue program volunteers
happier
a. Topos de Tlatelolco is a team.
b. This is a Mexican organization.
c. and dogs are part of the team.
d. This rescue group has a training for new volunteers.
Value: Human mobility

3. Answer these questions with your own words.
There are a lot of people
a. How did this organization start?
in the world willing to help
others without regard for their
nationality. Be respectful with
everybody, someday they can b. How many people are in this group?
give a hand.
c. What do they do to help people in an emergency?

Vocabulary
d. Do you know about other rescue teams?
non-profit. work for free
6
Lesson B
What is the weather like in your city?
How is the Weather?

Culture
1. Read this article about the weather in Quito.
How to dress for Quito,
Ecuador? Since the weather Until the 2000s, Quito and Ecuador in general used to have predictable
is so unpredictable, what weather in light of the fact that the two constant seasons, summer
do you think people who (also known as dry season) and winter (also known as wet season),
visit Quito for the first time never happened at the same time. However, in the last few years, people
should know regarding in Quito don’t know what to wear, due to the fact that you never know
clothing? whether it is going to be chilly or sunny. Regardless of where you are
This unpredictability is and what the weather looks like, take into account that Quito is still
because of changes in the a conservative city; therefore, it is socially acceptable to dress fairly formal
atmosphere. Some of them and carry a light coat with you. People also say it is a good idea to carry
are because of deforestation. a small umbrella just in case.
2. According to the reading, answer the questions below in complete

sentences using your own words.
a. How was the weather in Quito and Ecuador in general back in the
2000s?
b. How has been the weather lately?
3. Pair up and ask you partner the question below. Make sure to write down
their ideas.
What do you wear during the week? What do you think people should
Value: Responsibility always carry due to the unpredictable weather? Why has this climate
change happened?
Before blaming others for
the climate change, accept
your moral responsibility for it,
and do something about it!
Vocabulary
conservative. resistant
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to be changed or modified
8
Oral Communication
How conservative are people in your city? What do you think about it?
Grandma Was Right

1. Listen to Felicia and Kimberly talk and decide whether the following
statements are True(T) or False(F). Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
a. Kimberly is a teenager.
b. Felicia knows the weather has changed.
c. Kimberly humbly accepts her grandma’s suggestions.
d. It was sunny all the time
2. Listen again and answer the following questions in complete sentences.

a. Complete the sentence below with information from the audio.
Kimberly is wearing… Felicia suggests that Value: Responsibility

Kimberly take…
It takes a strong person to say
sorry; however, it goes two
ways, for it takes a stronger
person to forgive. Take
responsibility for your actions.
b. How can you describe Kimberly’s personality at the beginning
of the conversation? Do you agree with her behavior?
c. Do you think it is easy or difficult to apologize? What does it take to

make an apology? Be honest. What steps do you think are involved?
Vocabulary
jumper. sweater
It’s raining cats and dogs.

to rain heavily
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wisdom. to be wise
9
Language and Literature
Have you ever heard of Ernest Hemingway? What do you know about him?
Ernest Hemingway
1. Read this biography about Ernest Hemingway.
It’s not new that the weather has inspired great masterpieces
like songs, books and paintings. Ernest Hemingway’s masterpieces
are some of these examples. He won The Nobel Prize in Literature
in 1954. He was born in Illinois and was very famous for novels
such as ‘The Old Man and the Sea’, ‘The Sun Also Rises’, ‘A Farewell
Pixabay / Antonio Salgueiro
to Arms’, ‘For Whom the Bell Tolls’, ‘The Nick Adams Stories’
and ‘To Have and Have not’. Interestingly, he wrote in the bedroom
of his house! Once in an interview, he said that rainy days inspired
him the most. He used to sit down in his house, and look through
the window… Ideas came to him, and the result was amazing literature
masterpieces. What about you? Do you have a diary or something like
that? Do you like writing when you are in your bedroom? Why don’t
you start writing on a daily basis? Maybe you could be the next Nobel
Prize winner.
2. Circle the correct answers based on the reading.
• Ernest Hemingway won:
a. The Oscar b. The Nobel c. The Emmy

Award Prize Award
• Ernest Hemingway was born in:
a. Toronto b. London c. Illinois
• Ernest Hemingway was a:
a. singer b. actor c. author
3. According to the reading, why did he win a Nobel Prize? Would you like
to win one? If so, what would be your book about? What do you think
you need to accomplish that goal?
Vocabulary
4. Get into groups and talk about a similar author. Does he or she have
masterpiece. an extremely something in common with Ernest Hemingway? If so, what are the similar
excellent piece of art, features? If not, what makes them different from each other? Brainstorm
particularly in literature as many ideas as you can. Then, share your ideas with the whole class.
and painting
on a daily basis. everyday
10
Oral Communication
Do you think you can reuse your old clothes and stay fashionable?
Getting Rid of Your Old Clothes?

1. Listen to the conversation between Kimberly and Alisha.
Audio
2. Now, listen to the conversation and answer these questions in your own Listen to the dialogue.
words.
a. What is the weather like?
b. What does “vintage style” refer to?
c. Describe Alisha’s initial attitude towards old clothing. Did she change
her mind? Why?
3. What do you think about the phrase “Don’t judge a book by its cover”?
Do you think it is related to the listening exercise? Answer the question
and then share your opinions with your partners.
4. What can you do if you see someone judging someone? Talk to your
partner and give some advice.
Vocabulary
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vintage. retro
11
Reading
What does recycling involve? Is it possible to recycle anything?
Do you like recycle? If so, What on Earth Is Recycling?

what do you think is one 1. Read this article about recycling materials
of the best ways to start
recycling? If not, why?
Share your answers with The key to recycling has to do with sorting materials. Once they are
your partners. sorted, the idea is to turn them into new products. Therefore, from this
point of view, recycling keeps us from greenhouse gas emissions which
affect our planet dramatically. Now, one could wonder, is it possible
to recycle anything? In theory, it is possible, but in practice there are
some materials such as Styrofoam which is reduced to almost nothing
after being recycled. Consequently, there isn’t enough material left
to start making new products. Simply put, recycling these kind
of materials ends up being a waste of energy which goes against
the recycling principle itself. As it happens, recyclable materials can
include paper, plastic, aluminum, cardboard and glass. Overall, recycling
reduces the amount of waste accumulated in landfills.
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2. Based on the reading, decide whether the following statements are
True(T) or False(F).
a. The key to recycling has to do with classifying materials.
b. The recycled materials are not used to make new products.
c. Theoretically speaking, anything is recyclable.
d. In practice, not everything is recyclable.
e. Styrofoam is a material that can be easily recyclable.
f. Paper, plastic, aluminum, cardboard cannot be recycled.
Vocabulary g. Waste in landfills is reduced thanks to recycling.
to sort. to classify 3. Answer the following questions in your own words.

to wonder. to ask yourself a. How many people recycle in your city?
styrofoam. foam
simply put. in other words

b. How does recycling help the environment?
cardboard. carton
landfill. waste disposal site
20
Writing
Why should beople be interested in recycling? How can they start?
Giving Advice on How to Recycle

Grammar Tip
1. Write a paragraph about how to recycle. Your paragraph is expected
to include the following information: Will: (will + verb in base form)
• What will you do in order to recycle? It is used to talk about the
future based on instant
• What materials are you going to recycle? decisions and promises.
2. Take the following paragraph as an example. Make sure to focus on the use Expressions such as “I think”
of will that is underlined and going to that is in italics. and “maybe” are commonly
used.
From now on, I will recycle plastic • I’ll go to the party with you.
bottles. It's a decision and a promise • She’ll come here as soon as
I'll keep for the rest of my life. In order possible.
to do this, I have to plan how I am going • They’ll bring the food and the
to do it. In August, I am going to start drinks.
college, and from the very first day
Notice that the modal “will”
of class, I am planning to keep every single
is the same for all the subject
plastic bottle I use daily in order to put it
pronouns.
the right recycling container. I will do it
for at least 8 days, so it becomes a habit. Going to: (going to + verb
I think, I will sell some plastic bottles too. in base form)
I will do my best to support and promote
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It is used to talk about future

recycling.
plans.
• I’m going to call you when
I get home.
Now, it is your turn! Use your own information, be sure to use modal • She’s going to travel abroad
verbs. next year.
• • We’re going to organize
a party.
•
Notice that the only verb
• that you congujate is the verb
to be.!
•
3. Once you are done, hand in your book to your classmate and give yours
to your partner as well. Check your classmate’s paragraph by providing
feedback, that is, opportunities to improve the paragraph itself. Make
sure to verify your partner answers the questions provided. Then,
return the books. Improve your paragraph by following your partner’s
suggestions.
Prepare a five-minute presentation about your paragraph. During your

presentation, you may ask some questions to make sure everyone
is paying attention.
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21
What do you think dumpster diving means?
Dumpster Diving
1. Read this article about dumpster diving.
As you could imagine, dumpster diving involves more than

just looking for items of value through the trash, for it is seen as
part of the culture in some developed and developing countries.
Moreover, it is an activity that takes a lot of patience and time,
because one never knows what is going to be found. As a matter
of fact, it is said that sometimes people are not aware of what they
throw in the trash. Aside from making some money by selling
the things they might find, dumpster divers help the environment
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in the sense that they do a sort of recycling-related activity. However,

it is not an easy task because one cannot randomly go to a dumpster and
start diving. Before doing that, people not only need to be sure to wear
protective clothing but also be sure what kind of dumpster they have
in front of them and what kind of garbage it contains.

• Dumpster diving basically involves:
b. saving c. looking for items of

a. swimming
money value in the garbage
• Dumpster diving is done in:
a. developing b. developed
c. both
countries countries
• In order to perform this activity, one should:
a. wear protective
b. be confident c. be fearless
clothing
3. According to the reading, why do you think people perform this kind
of activity? Would you say these people deserve the same respect
for what they are doing as in any other way of making a living?
4. Get into groups and talk about dumpster diving as a way people earn
a living. Brainstorm as many ideas as you can. Then, share your ideas
with the whole class.
Vocabulary
fearless. not to be afraid

of anything
22
Reading
How much do you and your family spend on clothes?
Fashion Consumers
1. Read this article about fashion consumers.
It isn’t news that every season of the year, fashion industries sell
new clothes designed for, everybody. Although the prices are high,
people buy them, they sometimes don’t care about the costs and how
that affects their financial situation. Big companies have noticed that,
and they try to adapt to the situation. Through the years, they have
changed some materials. They used animal fur to make the most
expensive coats and hats. Thanks to some laws which protect animals
in danger, those companies now use other materials for clothes.
Nevertheless, the prices are still high, and it’s a vicious circle: new
season, new clothes, new customers, new debts. It doesn’t end. Some
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people, especially young people, think that to "be cool" is to wear

fashionable clothes and always be informed about the latest fashion
news, but it’s dangerous for everybody’s financial situation.
2. Say if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).

Brainstorm adjectives for a. Brand new clothes aren’t expensive.
customers and fashion
industries. b. People only buy cheap clothes.
Customers: friendly, interested, c. Industries use artificial materials.
d. Fashion is a vicious circle with no end.
3. Answer these questions. Use your own words:

a. Why did fashion industries stop using animal fur?
Fashion industries: ambitious,
b. Why do people keep buying expensive clothes?
c. Explain this vicious fashion circle.
4. Create five sentences related to the fashion industry.
a.
b.
c.
Vocabulary
fur. hair of animals d.
debt. money you have to pay e.
26
Art
How can you represent a season in a painting?
Artists and Four Seasons

1. Read the article about masterpieces.
Salvador Dalí was a surrealist painter. He was from Spain.

This artist has painted thousands of masterpieces. Some of them are
in the most important museums in Europe, a few are in America.
Many sources from life and nature inspired him to create his paintings.
A clear example is the collection of four paintings. Dalí represented
the four season of the year in four fantastic paintings of different
landscapes. Arcimboldo is an Italian artist who painted the four seasons
using different elements from the nature like, fruit, vegetables, trees,
lakes, and so on.
These artists are an example of how nature and weather can be
a source of inspiration to create beautiful masterpieces.
Pixabay / falco
Adapted from: https://www.dalipaintings.com/
2. Read the article again. Complete the sentences with one word from
the box.
• Answer the questions inspiration Italian food Spanish Europe

below.
a. Have you ever gone to an a. Dali was a painter.

art museum?
b. Most of Dali’s paintings are in .
c. Arcimboldo was an painter.
b. When was the last time you d. Arcimboldo included some in his paintings.
went to a museum?
e. Weather is a great source of .
3. Answer the questions. Use your own words.
c. Where is the museum you a. What elements did each artist use in their paintings?
visited? Dali:
Arcimboldo:
b. In your opinion, what else can nature inspire?

• Ask your partner these
questions about art.
Vocabulary
masterpiece. an especially
excellent work of art
28
Assessment Are we taking care of our planet?
Reading Writing
1 Read this email: 2 Write Paul an email. Answer his questions.
a. Include:
• How recycling is handled in Ecuador.
b. Write between 30-35 words.
From: Paul
usa.friend@hotmail.com
To: (your name)
ecuadorian.friend@hotmail.com From:
Subject: Recycling in Ecuador
To:
Hi there, Subject: Recycling in Ecuador
How are you doing? I hope all is well. My

teacher asked me to write an essay related to
the topic of recycling in Ecuador. Could you
help me with that info?
Thank you in advance.
See you soon,

Paul.
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I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.
Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics well somewhat well improve without help
I can talk about recycling.
I can use expressions to ask for things politely.

I can talk about clothes and seasons of the year.
I can write about the weather and clothes.
31
Lesson A
What kind of music do you like?
The Importance of Music
Value: Interculturality Did you know that you can manage

stress and cure an illness with music?
Music can make people feel In some universities in the United
better in so many ways. It has Kingdom (UK), professors offer their
the incredible power to connect students the opportunity to lower
people and change their mood. their stress level by listening to music
All music such as pop, jazz, or learning to play an instrument.
reggaeton, salsa, bachata, It works effectively because people who
are unique and valuable.
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relax with music before or after any
activity feel better and they study happily.
All the courses start in a quiet environment. Participants listen
to classical or instrumental music in a quiet room. Then, a lovely voice says:
“Breathe, and feel the music in your heart.” After this short meditation,
students go to their different classes. For example, guitar, piano lessons,
or hip-hop. They learn about instruments and music theory. Finally,
students have the opportunity to compose songs and play in a band.
Grammar Tip As Nietzsche said: “Without music, life is a mistake.”
Adverbs are words that describe
verbs. In English, many of them
1. Answer the questions below in complete sentences using your own
end in –ly:
words.
• Adjective + ly:sad = sadly
They sadly walked home. a. According to the reading, what are the two main benefits of music
• Adjective ending in “y” = therapy?
change “y” to “i”, add “-ly”
Happy = happily
They happily sang the song. b. How do the courses start?
c. Why is it important to relax before a difficult task?
2.. Complete these students’ opinions about music therapy. Choose an

adjective from the box and write its corresponding adverb in the blank.
quick happy effective correct

Vocabulary
stress. feeling of pressure

“For me, music therapy works . My performance in
and anxiety
class is great.” –Kelly
cure. to make an illness
or injury better “After piano lessons, I study . I always smile.” –Robert
illness. sickness, not feeling “I do all my math homework . I get only 10.” –Mia
well
“I run in Physical Education class. I’m fast.” –Ben
mistake. error, not correct
2
Reading
Social Studies
Why do you think electronic music is popular?
Music Festivals: Tomorrowland
Do you love electronic music? Go to Tomorrowland. It happens

once a year (every summer in June or July) and it takes place in Belgium.
A lot of people go every year. Electronic music lovers of all ages go there
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to experience the music with DJs and music producers. Each festival
has a different theme. For example, the 2018 theme was “The Story
of Planaxis”. What about the tickets and their price? This is the difficult
part: the tickets are sold out in minutes. The prices depend on the type
of ticket and the accommodation you choose. People spend between
98€ and 6000€. Yes, it’s very expensive! The performers are musicians
and DJs like David Guetta, Martin Solveig, Armin van Buuren, Steve
Angelo, Axwell Ingrosso, Dimitri Vegas, and others. Tomorrowland
is not only about music; it is an amazing theatrical production with
Value: Freedoom of speech mind-blowing sets.
Pop, hip-hop, reggaeton, salsa,

cumbia, vallenato, etc. It does
not matter what your favorite
Pixabay / Free-Photos
music is, just do not forget
an important thing: Music does
not define you as a person,
your values and actions do.
1. Answer the following questions in your own words based on the reading.
a. How old are the people who go to this event?
b. How much do people spend on the tickets?
c. Are you interested in this event? Why or why not?
2. Some friends are considering going to the Tomorrowland festival.

Choose the correct verb and write it in the present simple or present
continuous form. Add words if needed (is, are).
Vocabulary plan love buy like

theme. a topic/subject for an
event or party
accommodation. a place Joseph Tomorrowland festival, so he

a trip to Belgium for the next year. Charles and Stephanie
to sleep away from home

like a hotel pop music, but they know nothing about electronic
mind-blowing. amazing, music. Today they a David Guetta CD to listen
incredible to this kind of music.
4
Art
How do you describe urban music?
Urban Music
Defining urban music is very difficult because the most popular

music belongs to this genre, and it changes every day. Urban music
began in the 1980s and includes a multicultural diversity of amazing
Pixabay / StockSnap
artists. A large, mostly young audience listens to this music. Today’s

popular artists belong to the urban genre. Some examples of urban
music are reggaeton and hip-hop. It has influences from traditional
rhythms such as Latin pop, dance, soul, salsa, cumbia, and merengue,
but it isn’t related to jazz or rock. Those are different genres.
The Latin Grammy Awards is an important ceremony that gives prizes
to the best urban songs, singers, and bands.
Value: Human rights

1. Circle the correct answers based on the article.
Everybody has the right
to express themselves as they • Urban music is:
like. Music, no matter the
a. a modern genre b. old Latin music c. easy to define
genre, is a way of cultural
expression.
• Urban music genre is related to:
a. rock music b. hip-hop c. jazz
• Young audiences listen to
a. jazz b. urban music c. soul
2. Each of these people are interested in music, but in different ways.

Match the sentence parts to make simple present sentences.
dance hip-hop music

Irene usually
with my friends.
Peter doesn’t listen to music

like to while he works.
create a dance school

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I like to in our neighborhood.
My cousin sings reggaeton while

and I want to she is cooking.
Vocabulary
genre. a specific type of music

or movie such as rock, hip
hop, fiction, comedy
6
Lesson B

Art
What are your favorite sports to play and watch?
FIFA World Cup
Value: Interculturality The FIFA U-20 World Cup is a championship

in which male players under twenty years old
Soccer is a very popular sport participate. Twenty-four teams from different
in many countries around countries participate in this tournament every
the world. At any time, people two years.
are playing this sport on a field,
in a park, or in school. The FIFA World Cup is another great
There are millions of soccer championship, and professional male players
fans. There are also many are the stars. There are a total of sixty-four
local and international matches. FIFA organizes it every four years.
championships. The most The champion in 2018 was France. In the
famous is, of course, the FIFA play-off against Belgium, the score was 1-0,
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World Cup every four years. and in the final game against Croatia it was 4-2.
1. Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
Grammar Tip a. What are two different kinds of FIFA competitions?
Use the present progressive

for actions that are happening b. What’s your favorite Ecuadorian team?
right now, future plans or
predictions.
• Affirmative: Subject + to be + c. Why do you think soccer is a popular sport in your country?
verb-ing
They are playing at the
stadium.
2. Complete the sentences with one word from the box. There’s one extra
• Negative: Subject + to be +
option.
negative + verb-ing
Julio is not watching the game
champion score tied tournament team
on TV.
• Yes/No Question: to be + a. This is short. It has only twelve matches.
Subject + verb-ing ?
Are you taking the bus to b. The match is . The score is 2-2.
the stadium? c. I don’t want my favorite to lose, but the score is 1-0.
d. Real Madrid is the this year.
Vocabulary
3. Create your own sentences with these words:
tournament. a series of games
a. play-off:
play-off. game to decide
who is playing in the final b. championship:
tie(d). both teams have c. win:

the same score
d. lose:
8
Reading
How often do you go cycling? How far can you ride your bike?
An Ecuadorian Champion
1. Read the article. Underline the new words for you.
Richard Antonio Carapaz Montenegro is a national hero.

His nickname is “La Locomotora” because he cycles fast and furiously.
He’s from El Carchi, and he lives in his hometown. He sometimes
Flickr/Agencia ANDES
travels to Italy to train or participate in races. He’s married and he has

two children.
He participates in different races around the world. His most
important victory was the Giro d’Italia in 2019. He also has some other
medals and trophies. His family and friends really admire him because
of his hard work. Richard is a happy and friendly athlete who enjoys
simple but important things in life like family.
2. Answer these questions according to the article.

Read the article again. Correct
the sentences. a. What’s Richard’s nickname? Why?
Richard Carapaz:
a. doesn’t live in Carchi.

b. Where does Richard usually compete?
c. What is Richard like and what does he enjoy?

b. doesn’t like to train in
Europe.
3. Match the sentences with the pictures. Pay attention to the words
in blue. Write the letters.
c. participates only in Latin
America. a. There aren’t many races in my city.
b. My coach is strict.
c. My training is exhausting.
d. Athletes run on a track.

Pixabay/ThomasWolter
Vocabulary
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nickname. a name friends call

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someone, different from their

real name
race. a competition in which

the fastest wins
12
Writing
Who are some famous athletes from Ecuador?
Let’s write a biography

1. Answer these questions:
a. Who is your favorite athlete? Why?
b. What do you know about him/ her?
k
pi
ee
c. What is he/she doing that is interesting now? Fr
2. Write two positive ideas and two negative opinions about the person.
Positive ideas Negative ideas
Grammar Tip
3. Write sentences that connect the ideas using and and but.
Linkers: and, but
• • Use and to link to similar
ideas, positive ideas.
Examples: I like soccer,
• and I play it every day.
• Use but to link a positive
and a negative idea.
Examples: I don’t like soccer,
What’s a biography?
but I love basketball.
A biography is a short story about a person. Using your notes above,
write a short biography of 50-60 words about your favorite athlete.
Use simple present and present progressive.
Include this information: name, nationality, sport, age.

My favorite
Nationality
Sport Vocabulary
athlete. a person that is active

Age in sports, especially on teams
biography. a story about

a person’s life
13
Assessment What do you do in your free time?
Reading
1 Read about two sport events in the Olympic Games.
Choose one verb from the box and complete the The Serbian team for a last
newscasts. Use the verb in the present progressive opportunity to score, they a
in affirmative or negative. Add the verb “to be” if good job. The result is the United States 96
needed.
points and Serbia 66. The Olympic winner is
the American team.
get play finish report
-Jonathan
look win do write
Writing
Posted 9:45
2 Write a short post for a blog. Tell your friends
Female cycling BMX about popular sports in your country, but not
soccer. Include these details: the kind of sport and
where people can play it. Write 60 to 80 words.
Right now, I’m in Rio de Janeiro.
Use simple present and linkers.
I on my blog about the Olympic
Games. The Peruvian rider is not in the race Introduction
because she is hurt. The American rider is in
first place, and the Colombian athlete is in
second, but she is very close. She
close… and now she is in first place. The Part 1
race now …and the winner is the

Colombian girl, Mariana Pajon.
-Kathy
Part 2
Posted 10:20
Basketball – male
Part 3
Hi readers. Thanks for visiting my blog.

Now, I’m in the coliseum in Sao Paulo,
I to you all the news of the final
Conclusion
game. The United States and Serbia team
. The game is almost over, and
the American team with 96 points.

I can talk about my favorite music.

I can write an ad for an event.
I can describe activities I’m doing at a specific time.
I can contrast ideas with and and but.
15
Let's review
Vocabulary Reading
1 Complete these sentences with a word from the 3 Match the descriptions with the choices below.
box. There’s one extra word. Write the letter in the circle. There’s one extra
option.
competitive popular relaxing

cheap stressing a a traditional market.
b an electronic music
a. Music therapy is a way to festival.
manage stress.
c an Ecuadorian athlete.
b. Soccer is a sport around the
world.
d a talented artist.
c. In China, people can buy
souvenirs. e a challenge for players.
d. Video games aren’t only for

people.
• Tomorrowland is
• Richard Carapaz is
• A handicraftsman is
• An adventure video game is
Grammar
4 Complete the sentences. Use the present
progressive form of a verb from the box. There’s
one extra word.
make change communicate

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visit have
a. Urban music every day.

b. When you dance, you with your
body.
Grammar
c. Many tourists Ecuador every
2 Complete the sentences with one word. You can
year.
use prepositions on, at or but.
d. I new friends because I play video
a. My birthday is December 29th. games online.
b. I like soccer I love volleyball.
c. The class starts 8:15 am.
d. I’m from Machala, I live in
Guayaquil.
17
Oral Communication
Is bargaining popular in your city? When can people bargain? For what things?
Buying Gifts
Listen to these tourists. They are buying souvenirs in the Cuzco market
Audio
in Peru.
1. Choose the correct answer.
a. How does Mike describe the market?
lovely wonderful colorful
b. What does Susan want to buy?
a sweater a toy llama a bag
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c. What is the first price of the gift Susan wants?
$30 $25 $20
Create a similar conversation

d. What is the final price of the gift? that takes place with tourists
in a market in Ecuador. Use
$30 $25 $20 the expressions in activity 2.
A.
2. What are the phrases you can use to bargain? Complete the sentences
using the words below:
too B.
expensive costs let price take sorry
A.
a. It thirty dollars.
b. I think it’s . Will you twenty?

B.
a. I’m , but thirty is a good .
b. Wait, I’ll you have it for twenty-five.

A.
3. Pair activity. Ask a partner: Where and how often they bargain? If not, B.
why not? Take turns, write down answers. Then, share it with your
classmates.
A.
B.
Tip
Conversation strategies: Vocabulary

Will you take $10? = Would you take $10?
You can have it for $15. = I’ll let you have it for $15. thanks anyway. thank you,
but no
19
Reading
What are some unusual hobbies you know about? What are your hobbies?
Unusual Hobbies, Unusual Souvenirs!
1. Read the blog about unusual hobbies in the world.

Think of an unusual hobby.
Provide as many details as 2. How do these items surprise you?
possible about materials,
tools, time needed. Then,
share it in front of the class. Soap or art?
Once, everyone is done. In Thailand, handicraftsmen make beautiful pieces
Discuss which is the most of art with soap. This art started many centuries ago.
unusual hobby. Nowadays, it is really common to see these pieces of art
at markets for fair prices. Tourists can find all types
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of soap at many different prices.
Carving eggshells
What do you do with eggshells? Do you throw
them out? Well, in Beijing, China, they don’t. They
make sculptures with eggshells. This piece of art is a
perfect birthday or wedding gift. Tourists and local
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people can find them in shops and street markets.
Shell jewelry
If you love jewelry, this is the perfect gift for yourself.
In some cities on the Ecuadorian Coast like Atacames
or Tonsupa, handicraftsmen collect all kind of shells
from the seashore. They make earrings, necklaces, even
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clothes. People buy them in local markets at great prices.

They sometimes bargain with the handicraftsmen.
Dragons in the street

Can you imagine dragons in Latin America? This
Stockvault / frhuynh
is not a dream; it’s a reality. A fantasy artist from

Buenos Aires, Argentina, creates and sells dragons.
The material he uses is clay. Every Sunday, tourists
can visit San Telmo and buy this unusual gift.
3. Read again. Write the details about each item.

Vocabulary
Interesting
Place Material
hobby. an activity people do characteristic
to relax in their free time Soap or art?
handicraftsmen. artisan Carving
eggshells
carve. sculpt, use a sharp tool

to make a shape Shell jewlery
clay. substance for modeling Dragons in
into plates and art the street
20
What can people do in Otavalo?
A Visit to Otavalo
People from all over the world visit Ecuador, and they go to famous
places. One of these places is Plaza de los Ponchos in Otavalo. In this place,
visitors can take amazing pictures, and, of course, choose from thousands
of souvenirs to buy. Also, this is the perfect place for people who enjoy
taking photos because the market is an interesting place. For everybody
who loves going to festivals or going sightseeing in their free time, Otavalo
is perfect. The city offers a lot of cultural activities for the whole family.
For example, adventurers can go cycling, trekking in the mountains,
Pixabay / Dezalb
or kayaking. Visiting the lakes and traditional restaurants is a good idea

to enjoy the views and try typical food.
1. Answer the following questions:
a. What can people do in the Plaza de los Ponchos?
b. Describe the Plaza de los Ponchos. Use your own words.
c. What else can people do in Otavalo?
2. Get into groups of 4 students and ask your classmates the following
questions:
a. Why is it important for us to visit traditional places to buy gifts like
Plaza de los Ponchos? Support your answers.
b. What other traditional places to buy souvenirs do you know?
Vocabulary c. How are traditional places like the Plaza de los Ponchos related
to Ecuadorian culture? Support your answers.

free time. time not used for
work or school. Usually nights
and weekends
22
Oral Communication
How often do you go on vacation? Where would you like to go for a vacation?
Going on Vacation
1. Listen to the conversation between Susan and Mike, then complete
the sentences with the words below. Audio
cycling enjoying visiting taking
a. Susan and Mike are Otavalo.
b. Susan and Mike are their trip to Otavalo a lot.

Vocabulary
c. Susan and Mike are going in two hours.
cycling. to ride a bicycle
d. Mike is some pictures right now. enjoy. to have a good time
doing something
2. Pair work. Ask a classmate: Do you prefer going on vacation with your
friends, with your relatives, or maybe on your own? Explain. visit. to spend time somewhere
away from home
Introduction
Detail 1
Detail 2
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Detail 3
Conclusion
Tip
When you are discussing your

opinions with others, remember
two important phrases you can
use to respond to someone’s
opinion:
I agree when you think the

Pixabay / Dezalb
same and I disagree when your

opinion is different.
23
Reading
What different types of video games are there?
Types of Video Games
Video games are so popular with teens that it may seem they could
spend days playing them. They are a way to release stress and to have
a good time. There are many different types of video games. Some
of them are listed below:
• Action video games: They involve shooting, attacking, and fighting. E.g.
000 000 Call of Duty.
• Adventure video games: They follow a story line and they look like
movies. E.g. Minecraft
• Racing video games: They include cars and chases. E.g. Need
for Speed.
• Strategy video games: They develop thinking skills. E.g. Plants vs
Zombies.
• Sports video games: They are related to sports or athletics. E.g. FIFA.
1. Answer the following questions in your own words based on the

reading.
a. What does playing video games do for teens?
b. What type of video game seems the most violent?

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c. What type of video game makes you think a lot?
2. What kind of video game(s) are you interested in? Answer the question,
form groups according to the types of video games you have in common
with your classmates. Share opinions and details.
3. What kind of video game is the most popular in the class? (Do you think
Vocabulary that kind of video game reflects the class behavior?)
e.g.. for example
chase. follow someone

or something that is trying
to get away
26
Writing
What is the name of your favorite game? How long have you been playing it?
Describing your Favorite Video Game
1. Imagine you receive an email from a friend, John, about your favorite
game or video game. Your friend asks you these questions:
a. What is the name of your favorite game or video game?

b. Why do you like it?
c. Do you play alone, with one other person, or in groups?
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d. Is it easy to play?
e. What are the rules?
2. Respond to John’s e-mail, by following these simple steps:
a. Write your friend’s email address:

To: thisisanexample@live.com
b. Write the topic of your e-mail in the subject line.

Subject: Crash Video game.
c. Write a greeting with your friend’s name, followed by a comma.

Hi John,
d. Thank your friend for their email.
e. Answer the question(s) using present tense and intensifiers

(like,very, so too, totally).
f. Finish with an informal email closing line, followed by a comma.

See you soon,
g. Write your name.

Grammar Tip
Intensifiers with adjectives:

Intensifiers are words that
are placed before adjectives
From: to make them have
(your email) a stronger meaning.
To:
• Quite easy
(your friend’s mail) • Extremely violent
Subject: Video games. • Really complicated
• Exceptionally entertaining
• Very difficult
Hi
• Totally awesome
• So exciting
See you ,
27
What are some popular video games?
Clash of Clans
In 2012, Supercell created a strategy game for cellphones called

Clash of Clans. Nowadays, a lot of young people from different parts
of the world play this game. What is interesting about this game is
the possibility of practicing your writing skills in the language you
choose. This awesome game allows you to customize a village, build
an army, crush your opponents, and either join or establish a clan.
As soon as you build your clan castle, you can start joining clans and getting
to know other players who will help you practice your writing and
reading skills and learn a lot of new vocabulary. This is a great opportunity
to have fun while practicing your English with native speakers!
Pixabay / ColiN00B
Circle the correct answers based on the reading.
• Clash of Clans is:
a. an adventure game
b. a strategy game
c. a race game
• The skills you can practice in this game are:

Grammar Tip
a. listening and speaking
In British English, you can
use have/has got instead b. reading and listening
of have:
c. reading and writing
• British: My clan has got
a red flag. (My clan has • You can join a clan once you:
a red flag.)
• British: Our clan hasn’t a. build your clan castle
got rules. (Our clan doesn’t b. customize your village
have rules.)
c. crush your enemies
Group work. Get into groups and imagine you have your own clan
in Clash of Clans. Does it have rules? If so, what are the rules? Does it
have a shield? If so, what color is it? Brainstorm as many ideas as you
can. Then, share your ideas with the whole class.
Vocabulary
customize. modify to your

personal likes
crush. defeat, destroy
clan. a group of people with

things in common, sometimes
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from the same family
28
Lesson A

Art
What do people do to celebrate Christmas where you live?
Christmas
1. Read this article about Christmas.
Talking about Christmas worldwide is fun, but it would take

a long time. However, there is a clear difference between celebrations
in Latin America and Europe and the United States. In Ecuador,
families make a family dinner, as well as in the USA. The traditional
meal is turkey or another traditional food from the region.
It’s common for American people to make a reservation in a fancy
restaurant, and at night they do some reading. In Ecuador, families
pray “la novena.” In Latin America, people usually do the shopping a
few weeks before Christmas, but in the USA, parents buy gifts one or
two months before. It does not matter where people are; many people
celebrate the birth of Jesus, in the Catholic religion.
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2. Write similarities and differences about Christmas celebrations in Ecuador

and in the USA.
Culture
Christmas is probably the

most popular celebration
in the world. On this day,
December 25th, people
celebrate the birth of Jesus.
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In general, families make
time to be together, talk, and
exchange gifts. A delicious
dinner is also part of this
celebration. However, every
country celebrates this day in
different ways.
3. What are some of the things that you enjoy about Christmas?
Vocabulary
4. Write a list of traditions your family does at Christmas time.
tradition. something that is
always done on a holiday

or at an event, the adjective
form is traditional
fancy. elegant
2
Reading
Social Studies
What are some places that do not celebrate Christmas? Why don´t they?
Christmas or a Different Holiday?

1. Read this article about Christmas around the world.
Christmas is the time of the year to be with family, but not

everybody celebrates this. There are nine countries in the world which
do not celebrate this date. They are China, South Korea, Thailand, Saudi
Arabia, Algeria, Iran, Tayikistán, Brunei, and Somalia.
For example, in China, there are not Catholic people because they are
Buddhist. However, on Christmas Eve, they decorate their houses with
different ornaments because they welcome the New Year in the rest
of the world.
In South Korea, they set up Christmas trees in shopping centers,
restaurants or tourist places, but not in houses.
Thailand is a country with many tourists. For this reason, they offer
visitors some Christmas activities such as decorating streets and hotels.
In the other countries, this celebration is not allowed because
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of political or religious beliefs.
2. Complete the chart with Christmas traditions in each country.
Country Tradition
China
South Korea
Thailand
3. Why don’t those countries celebrate Christmas? Give two reasons:

Pixabay / wiroj
4. Come up with three questions based on the reading and let one of your
partners answer them without letting them see the reading again:
2
Vocabulary
3
ornaments. decorations
4
Art
What do you know about Christmas traditions and celebrations in the USA?
Magic Christmas in Orlando

1. Read this article about how people celebrate Christmas in Orlando.
Every year there is a unique and magic event at Orlando, Florida at

Magic Kingdom Park. The famous character, Mickey Mouse, celebrates
Christmas with a parade full of lights, music, and fantasy during a month,
not only on December 24th or 25th.
Pixabay / hhyunma
At night, there are plenty of activities for the whole family;

for example, Club Tinsel makes a party for children and adults where
everybody can make new friends. Restaurants at Downtown Disney
make a great Christmas dinner, and visitors can enjoy tasty desserts
and fabulous dishes. On Christmas day, people can see fireworks at the
castle in Magic Kingdom. Finally, the main event is Mickey’s Very Merry
Christmas Party place at Magic Kingdom. It is a parade with all Disney
characters and Santa Claus. This event lasts two months, November and
December. Also, visitors can buy a nice photo at Disney Photo Pass only
on these days.
Although the tickets for this event are really expensive, it is a magical
experience to celebrate Christmas with family or friends.
2. Choose the correct answer.
• What’s the main event in Disneyland?
a. fireworks b. dinner c. parade
• How long does the Christmas celebration take place in Orlando?
a. one day b. two months c. the whole year
• What activities can visitors enjoy during the celebration? Write in

complete sentences. Start with:
Visitors can
Visitors can
Visitors can
3. In your city, is there a parade or other organized activity on in Christmas’

Eve? Explain.
Pixabay / RogerMayhem
6
Oral Communication
Art
What does your family usually eat for a Christmas dinner?
A Family Christmas Dinner

1. Listen to the conversation between Ben and Fanny.
Audio
2. Match the people and the activities. Write the letter of the activity Listen to the dialogue.
next to the person that does it.
• Ben a. has another party.
• Ben’s dad b. does the shopping.
• Ben’s mom c. does the housework.
• Ben’s sister d. makes a cake.
3. Match the pictures and the sentences in the previous activity. Write
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the numbers 1-4 under the pictures in the order they were talked about.
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4. Listen to the conversation again. Complete the sentences with the words
you hear.
a. Thank you. I’m I’m here with you.
b. Wow! That’s a .
c. In the morning, we were in a .
d. She’ll be here in a .
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5. Pair work. Write a continuation of the conversation between Samantha–

Ben’s sister and aunt Fanny.
Samantha:
Fanny:
Samantha:
Vocabulary
Fanny:
Samantha: in a rush. to hurry because

you are late or there is not
Fanny:
much time
7
Lesson B
Where do you usually spend your holidays? Who do you spend them with?
Holy Holidays
Culture
1. Read this article about holidays in Spain and in Ecuador.
Holidays are a nice opportunity
to get together with family and How do you usually spend your holidays? Where do you
friends. People take advantage spend them? Who do you spend them with? The answers to those
these days off to relax at home, questions depend on where you are from, that is, your nationality.
to do some sports or travel to For example, Ecuadorian people often spend their holidays with
other cities. The most important their families, whereas people from Spain frequently prefer
thing is to do something fun. to spend their holidays with their friends. The holidays in Ecuador,
of course, are different from other countries. Even in Ecuador
there are local holidays which other cities don’t celebrate. These
days off are because of some specific celebrations in a region.
For instance, on December 6th Quito celebrates its foundation and on
July 25th Guayaquil celebrates its founding date.
Other national holidays are in January 1st, May 1st, November 2nd,
among others. On these days, people look forward visiting other places
for fun or relatives.
In Spain, there some similar holidays, but they celebrate different
festivities also. On December 6th, they celebrate the day of the Spanish
Pixabay / SanFermin
Constitution. The Day of Death is in November 1st.

Regardless of what the festivity is, the important thing is to have
fun and relax.

a. Does every person in the world spend their holidays in the same
way? Explain why or why not.
b. What does a typical Ecuadorian family usually do on a holiday?

Pixabay / charteweb
3. Pair work. Ask your partner the question below and write down their
answer.
What do you like to do on a holiday?

Vocabulary
regardless of. without

relevance, something
that doesn´t matter
8
Oral Communication
Are there a lot of holiday activities in December where you live?
Party Time in Quito
1. Listen to Steve and Tommy talk about Quito in December and decide
Audio
whether the following statements are True(T) or False(F).
a. David loves December.
b. Ford can’t wait for December.
c. People from Quito never drink canelazo.
d. Quito´s foundation is celebrated in April.
a. Why does David love December?
Pixabay / hbieser
b. Do you enjoy celebrating your city´s traditional festivities? Yes/No?
Why? Share your answer with a classmate next to you and talk
about it.
Tip
You can use “so” before

summarizing what your
partner said in order to keep
the conversation going.
It is a common conversation
3. Vocabulary. Match the pictures and the sentences from the listening.
Write the letters of the descriptions next to the correct picture.
strategy!
a. There is music and dancing in the streets.
b. Quiteños frequently organize Handmade Wooden Cart Races.
c. They ride insane party buses at night […] Chivas.
d. People play 40 which is a traditional card game.

Freepik/Pixabay
Vocabulary
insane. crazy
9
Reading
What do you know about the All Souls Day celebrated in Ecuador.
Ecuador’s All Souls Day

Culture 1. Read this article about Ecuador’s All Souls Day.
All Souls Day is a day to

Ecuador’s All Souls Day is a traditional holiday that is celebrated
remember our loved ones.
on November 2nd. Families get together at cemeteries to spend time
There are many traditions
with their beloved ones who passed away. How? Basically, what they do
around the world. People
is bring two culinary traditions: guaguas de pan and colada morada.
organize festivals, prepare
Guaguas de pan is bread baked in the shape of sort of dough babies
special food, and tell tales.
decorated with colorful toppings. Colada morada is a traditional hot
This is an important holiday beverage cooked with strawberries and some other spices. The point
in Latin America. is to share the food with the beloved ones who are gone by leaving
the food next to their graves. The tradition says that dead people eat
the food at night, when no one is at the cemetery.
2. Answer the following questions in your own words based on the reading.
a. What do Ecuadorians usually do for All Souls Day?
b. What kind of food is prepared for All Souls Day?

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3. Do you celebrate the All Souls Day? If so, what do you usually do on that
day? If not, what do you do instead? Write down and then share your
answers with your partners.
Vocabulary
DiegoAldaz
cemetery. place for dead

people
toppings. small food items

to add color and flavor
on top of another food
such as cakes and pizzas
12
Assessment What holidays do you celebrate?
Reading Writing
1 Read this email: 2 Write Paul an email answering his questions
Say:
• how many languages are there in Ecuador.
• how many languages of them you can speak.
Write between 30-35 words.

From: Paul
usa.friend@hotmail.com
To: (your name)
ecuadorian.friend@hotmail.com
Subject: Languages in Ecuador From:
To:
Hi there,
Subject: Languages in Ecuador

How are you doing? I hope all is well. My
teacher asked me to write an essay about the
number of languages Ecuador has, so I have
a couple of questions for you. How many
languages are there in Ecuador? How many of
them can you speak?
I just can’t wait to visit you in Ecuador next

winter.
See you soon,

Paul.
Pixabay / Kurious

I can talk about Christmas traditions.

I can use adverbs of frequency when describing activities.
I can write an invitation.
I can talk about national and international holidays.
15
Let's Review
Vocabulary
1 Complete these sentences. Write do or make. Use
simple past.
a. My uncle a great plan for
our Christmas party last year.
b. My classmates English
homework at library yesterday.
c. I exercise with my cousins last
week.
d. My mom and I a delicious
dinner last night.
Reading
2 Read about a birthday celebration.
My birthday is on December
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29th, and my family always
organises a great celebration.
Last year was the best. Grammar
My mom made ceviche,
4 Complete the sentences with the correct adverb
but she didn’t prepare
of frequency.
a cake. She knows I love
seafood and I hate sweets.
My best friend, Micaela, always never sometimes
called my friends from high
school and they organized
a. I really love birthdays, so I
a surprise party. It wasn’t big,
celebrate mine with a big party.
but we enjoyed ourselves.
My cousin, Roberto, b. I don’t believe in ghost and things like that,
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downloaded some good so I celebrate Halloween.

music, and we danced all
night. It was a night c. I enjoy holidays, but I don’t travel a lot.
to remember. I go to the beach.
-Leo
3 Write if the sentences are True(T) or False(F):
a. There was cake at the party.
b. They ate seafood.
c. It was a huge party.

d. They had a good time.

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17
Lesson C
What are your favorite places to visit on vacation?
Favorite Destinations
Culture 1. Read this article about vacation.
Vacation is a great time

to explore new cities and have The truth is many Ecuadorian people go to the beach on vacation.
new experiences. People travel Is that true for you too? If so, there are some must-have travel items
to a lot of places. Each city has you need to bring every time no matter where you go. In light of the
its must-do to visit, eat or see. fact that the UV (ultraviolet) radiation is so high, you must bring
Most Ecuadorian people prefer sunscreen protection cream in order to protect your skin. Make sure it
going to the beach. is waterproof! Another essential is a pair of sunglasses. Furthermore,
and probably the most important essential is to bring a bottle of water
in your backpack. Last but not least, you must have your personal
hygiene kit that has to include a small roll-on deodorant, hairbrush,
small tube of toothpaste, mini shampoo bottle and a small first aid kit.

a. Where do Ecuadorian people usually go on vacation?
b. What is something you should never forget when going to the beach?
3. Work in pairs. Ask your partner the question below. Make sure to write
down their ideas.
Where do you usually go on vacation? What do you think people must

bring when traveling?
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4. Look at the pictures. Write one of the words below the picture it matches.
scissors band – aid pocket mirror fire extinguisher
Vocabulary
destination. the place

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you go yo when you travel
first aid kit. emergency

medical supplies
18
Oral Communication
Do you have any plans for your next vacation? Is it important to plan or not?
A German in Ecuador!
1. Listen to Daniel and Norma talk, then decide whether the following
statements are True(T) or False(F). Audio
a. Daniel is from Germany.
b. Norma is from Ecuador.
c. Germans prepare their vacation ahead of time.
d. Ecuadorians leave plans for the last minute.
a. How do Germans plan for their vacation?
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b. Do you think it is important to plan before going on vacation?
Yes/No? Why? Share your answer with your classmate next to you
and talk about it.
Do you have any plans for

your vacation? Is it important
to plan or not?
Value: Environmental care
You can use expressions like “We must protect our environment”
or “We have to keep our environment clean and protected when going to
the beach and everywhere else”. Remember to protect the planet, it’s the
only one we have.
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Vocabulary
long time no see. means

Grammar Tip I haven’t seen you for a long
time
Both modal verbs: “have to” and “must” express necessity.
budget. plan for use of money
19
Reading
Would you like to do and see if you could visit Japan?
Japan!
Do you take responsibility
of all the garbage you create?
1. Read this article about tourism in Japan.
If so, what do you usually do?
If not, what do you promise
to do from now own on?
Japan is definitely one
Make a list below. Share your
answers with your partners.
of my favorite places in
the entire world! It is just
amazing the way people
1
keep every city so clean.
For this reason, I think it
sets a perfect example for
every country regarding
public cleanliness. Having
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a culture of cleanliness
requires the following:
2
- You have to take responsability for your own mess. Don’t expect
others to take care of any garbage you create. So, you must have
your own garbage bag all the time.
- No street cleaners! Japanese people sweep up around their house or
place of employment every morning.
- As a Japanese citizen, you are expected to join community clean-
3
ups. By doing that, you and your neighbors help each other while
tidying up the surroundings.
2. Decide whether the following statements are True(T) or False(F).
a. Japan has a culture of cleanliness.
b. A Japanese citizen sweeps up around their house.
c. Japanese neighbors help each other when cleaning.
d. In Japan, you have to take care of the garbage you create.
3. Answer the following questions in your own words based on the

reading.
a. Why is Japan so clean?
Vocabulary
mess. unorganized, messy

tidy up. putting things in b. What does having a culture of cleanliness involve?
in order, organize things
surroundings. all around

an area
20
Writing
What are some of your favorite place to travel?
Trip Advisor
1. Imagine you are writing a paragraph with advice for tourists who want
to visit your city. Your paragraph is expected to include the following
information:
• What is the best time of the year to visit your city?
• What are some precautions tourists need to consider?
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• What do visitors need to pack?
2. Take the following paragraph as an example. Make sure to focus on the

modal verbs that are underlined.
In your notebook, prepare

Tourists should visit my city in December because of the
an oral presentation about
traditional festivities that take place. In addition, tourists must take your paragraph. During
some precautions. They have to avoid using their smart phones your presentation, you may
in public places. In addition they must bring a bottle of water and ask some questions just to
sunblock lotion no matter where they go. check if everyone is paying
attention.
Now, it is your turn! Use your own information, be sure to use modal
verbs.
•
Grammar Tip
•
Modal verbs: They are always
• followed by the base form
of the verb.
For instance:
3. Once you are done, hand your book to your classmate and take
theirs. Check your classmate’s email by providing feedback, on how • I have to carry my passport
to improve the email itself. Check to see they answered all the questions. all the time.
Then, return the books. Improve your email by following your partner’s • I must take precautions
suggestions. in order to travel safe.
Remember: The modal
verb “have to” changes its
conjugation into “has to”
when it comes to third
singular persons:
He, she and it.
For example:
He has to get a special vaccine

Pixabay / tookapic
for traveling to the Amazon

rainforest.
21
Have you ever seen the TV show “Ecuatorianos en el Mundo”?
Galo Arellano
1. Read this biography about Galo Arellano.
Galo Arellano is an Ecuadorian journalist who was born

in Quito, but currently lives in the USA. He moved to the USA
when he was 18 years old and since then he has always wanted to be
a reporter. He never knew his dream would come true. Nowadays,
he is famous because of the TV Program called “Ecuatorianos en
el Mundo”. As a matter of fact, his work was so good that he was
nominated twice for an Emmy Award in the Outstanding Newscast
Category. Overall, the most interesting thing about “Ecuatorianos en el
Mundo” has to do with the fact that you get to see how all Ecuadorians
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fight for their dreams abroad and it encourages people to give it a try.
So, why don’t you go abroad and find new horizons?
• Galo Arellano is from:
a. The USA b. Quito c. Spain
• Galo Arellano was nominated for:
a. The Academy b. The Grammy c. The Emmy

Award Award Award
• He moved to the USA when he was:
a. 28 years old b. 18 years old c. 38 years old
3. According to the reading, what makes “Ecuatorianos en el mundo”

special for Ecuadorians?
4. Get into groups and talk about a similar TV Show that inspires
Ecuadorian people. Does it have something in common with
“Ecuatorianos en el mundo”? Brainstorm as many ideas as you can.
Then, share your ideas with the whole class.
Vocabulary
outstanding. exceptional
abroad. outside your own

country
22
Lesson D
What are some of your feelings on New Year’s Eve?
New Year’s Eve

Culture
1. Read this article about New Year’s Eve.
New Year’s Eve is a great
time because, in the whole
world, people have parties Welcoming the New Year is an important event. However,
and different celebrations in Ecuador, people used to do many things which make this celebration
to welcome the year. The unique. Some traditions used to be different, but the general idea is the
party starts on December 31st, same. A well-known Ecuadorian tradition is to burn dolls (monigotes)
and the first day of the year at midnight. They represent all the bad moments of the old year, and it is
is January 1st. Different a good luck symbol for the New Year.
traditions worldwide make Also, men dress like women, and they are “widows” of the old year.
this day special. They dance in the streets and ask for pennies. People have parties with
friends and family. Many years ago, families met together, and they
listened to the New Year’s count down on a radio station called “Radio
Tarqui”. After that, they made promises and, of course, they danced
and talked in houses or streets. New Year is a huge celebration,
Correct these sentences from and people make dinner and have a toast.
the reading. Many years ago:
In the rest of the world, people organize huge celebrations in the
a. people watched TV. streets, and the count down is on main streets. For example, in New
York, people can count down until midnight at Times Square.
•
•
2. Read the article. Answer the questions.
b. people didn’t make
promises. a. What is an important tradition in Ecuador on New Year’s Eve?
c. people didn’t dance

in the streets.
b. How do some men celebrate New Year? Use your own words to explain.
•
d. people only ate snacks.
•
c. What did families use to do years ago on New Year?
•
Vocabulary
count down. from 10 down

d. What happens in New York on New Year´s eve?
to 0,10-9-8-7-etc.
toast. when everyone

drinks together in honor
of something or someone
24
Oral Communication
Who in your family tells the best stories?
Family Anecdotes
Audio
1. Listen to the conversation between Bob and his grandma. Complete Listen to the dialogue.
the sentences with one word.
a. Granny is talking about stories.
b. Bob’s dad and aunt used to climb .
c. Granny’s sister bought for New Year.
d. Bob’s family used to listen to the on the radio.
2. Listen to the conversation again. Complete the phrases Bob uses

to express surprise.
a. Bob: ? That’s a surprise.
b. Bob: ? He’s always telling

me to share.
3. Complete the questions. Use one verb from the box. Ask them to your
friend. Use “did” in the questions since they are in the past.
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get eat do celebrate
a. you turkey when you were a kid?
b. Where you your last birthday? Value: Empathy
An excellent way of being

c. your family together in holidays? empathetic is to listen to your
family. Your relatives or your
close friends will always be
there for you to help you.
d. What your family for New Year’s
You can learn a lot when
dinner last year? you listen to other people’s
anecdotes or experiences.
Grammar Tip
Simple past
Auxiliar:
• Negative sentences: didn’t (verb doesn’t change)
Example: I didn’t celebrate my birthday yesterday.
• Questions: did (verb doesn’t change)
Example: Did you celebrate your birthday? Vocabulary

• Short answers: did, didn’t
anecdote. a short story told
• Example: Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
to a group
25
Reading
Do you know any of your relative’s childhood memories?
Are You Kidding Dad?

Read the anecdote. Write
numbers 1-4 to put the events 1. Read the blog about Bob’s father´s childhood memory.
in the order they happened
in the story. Yes! That’s what my son, Bob, said when I told him one of my best
a. Erick’s cousin was childhood memories. I was a mischievous boy. I loved to play with
afraid. my sister Lucy; she is two years younger than me.
b. Erick and his My favorite childhood memory was many years ago, when
cousins ate grapes. I was eight years old, and my sister was six. It was the New Year’s
celebration and all my family got together to celebrate. One of my
c. Erick didn’t drink
family’s traditions is eating twelve grapes at night. I wanted to compete
water.
with my cousins and my sister, so I told them – “If you eat twelve grapes
d. Erick’s family met in a minute, I will give you one of my toys.” They accepted, and we started
to celebrate the New Year. to eat. Suddenly, a grape got stuck in my throat, and my cousin got scared.
They didn’t know what to do. Then, my sister gave me a glass of water,
but it wasn’t water. It was champagne! -Luckily I didn’t get drunk. Finally,
I learned to share my toys.
Erick
2. Match the pictures and the sentences. Write the letters next to the correct
pictures.
a. Last Friday, the party started at midnight.

b. I used to love grapes when I was a child.
c. My best friend enjoyed the celebrations and parties.
d. Everybody drank champagne at the party.
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3. Complete the questions with one word from the box. Use simple past.
Interview a friend about his/her last New Year’s Eve.
make travel burn eat meet
a. you to another city?
b. Who you at the party?

Vocabulary c. What you ?
get drunk. drink d. you a doll?

too much alcohol
e. you a toast?
26
Did you know that China celebrates New Year on January 25th? Why is that?
Chinese New Year

1. Read this article about Chinese New Year.
People also know Chinese New Year as Spring Festival.

It sets the beginning of New Moon Festivals in Asia. This is a huge
celebration where everybody wears red clothes and accessories. Also,
families get together to have a big dinner. There are parades all over
the main cities, and the symbol is the dragon. There are also some
warriors.
The festival was originally a day to honor Chinese ancestors.
The legend says that a giant beast called Nian entered the houses at
midnight to eat people. But an ethnic group whose name was Yan
Huang, used to be with people to defeat Nian. Eventually, they
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discovered that the beast came once a year, and it was afraid of red
colors, lights, fire, and noise. They started to celebrate this festival
as a way of self-defense from the beast. This is a legend, but nowadays
it is a common story to tell on that day; especially for children.
Interview your partner.
a. How much you know

about the legend behind
this celebration? 2. Choose the correct answer.
• • What’s the name of the Chinese festival?
• a. Lunar New Year Festival
• b. Asian Festival
• c. Spring
•
• What’s the main symbol of this celebration?
b. What parts of the Chinese
New Year celebration
would you enjoy? a. dragon
• b. deities
• c. soldiers
•
3. Read the article again. Say if the sentences are True (T) or False (F).
•
a. People use red things like T-shirt, dresses, hats.
•
b. This celebration was to honor a monster.
Vocabulary c. Nian was a beast which ate families.

huge: big
d. The beast appeared all year.
warrior. soldier
e. Parents tell their children this legend.
beast. large, dangerous
animal
28

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English Are we taking care

Pedagogical Module 3 of our planet?

Ninth Grade EGB

Simple past &

Democratic Human Natural environment

Our world, our home

• What can you do to protect our environment?

• What do you know about recycling?

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What superstitions do people have in your community?

Incas and Natural Disasters

2. Choose if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).

a. Natural disasters were peaceful messages.

b. People didn’t have a plan for earthquakes.

c. They assassinated women in ceremonies.

d. Sacrifices were like presents for the Earth.

e. They had ceremonies every year.

3. Answer the questions with your own words:

a. Why was the Inca Emperor afraid of natural disasters?

c. What did priests sacrifice in religious ceremonies?

d. How did people think sacrifices would help them?

crops. cultivated plant e. What do you think about these ceremonies?

What do you know about earthquakes in Japan?

Breaking News in Japan

3. Listen to the conversation again and complete the dialogue.

a. The rescue team that there are

b. This the largest earthquake in Japan.

c. Rescue teams from all over the world

d. The school’s principal some parents

e. The whole school community already

4. Answer these questions. Ask your partner.

a. What’s the worst part of an earthquake?

b. What advice can you give people who face an earthquake?

supplies. food and other goods

What different types of natural disasters are there?

Types of Natural Disasters

• One syllable: add “-est”

b. The worst earthquake was in Japan in 2011.

c. The biggest flood was in the USA in 2005.

d. The most dangerous hurricane was in Mexico.

e. The most recent wildfire was in Portugal.

a. What was the most d earthquake in America?

Vocabulary b. When was the l drought in your city?

huge. extremely big c. Where was the w hurricane in America?

Tips and Recommendations

What to do in case of a natural disaster? • Give orders

face; just remember to be calm and have a plan.

b. Do people have an emergency plan in case of them?

4. Write recommendations for a blog. What to do before and during

Who usually helps in a natural disaster?

Topos de Tlatelolco, the Real Heroes

The rescue team Topos de Tlatelolco is a Mexican group of people

Nowadays, there are about two hundred volunteers - including rescue

a. Topos de Tlatelolco is a team.

b. This is a Mexican organization.

c. and dogs are part of the team.

d. This rescue group has a training for new volunteers.

Value: Human mobility

c. What do they do to help people in an emergency?

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What is the weather like in your city?

How is the Weather?

2. According to the reading, answer the questions below in complete