Noveno 9

English What do you do in
Pedagogical Module 1 your free time?

Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts
Ninth Grade EGB
Connecting words 4 Music festivals:

5
So
Tomorrowland
ci
lSa
tu
Simple present
3
die
and continuous Urban music
6
s
and soccer
Ar
t
isshh
Strong adjectives
2
glli
and adverbs
La
Free
g
Enn
ng
Blog post: writing
E
ua
Time 7 a post for a blog
ge
about hobbies
an
Determiners and
1 Activities
d
gerunds: ing forms
Li
te
ra
tur
e
Values
Values
11 Tolerance 10 Freedom of speech 9 Human rights 8 Interculturality
Time Management is the Key to Success and Having Fun

It’s common for everybody to spend their free time Nowadays, people can choose from a lot of hobbies to
doing interesting activities. For example, playing have fun or learn something new. There are indoor
sports, listening to music, reading books, etc. and outdoor activities, paid or free, in groups or alone.
You decide, the time you spend on yourself is priceless. Pixabay
Non-Commercial Licence
• What do you usually do after school?
• Are you interested in starting a new hobby? Which one? Why?
1
Lesson A
Communication and Cultural Awareness
What kind of music do you like?
The Importance of Music
Value: Interculturality Did you know that you can manage

stress and cure an illness with music?
Music can make people feel In some universities in the United
better in so many ways. It has Kingdom (UK), professors offer their
the incredible power to connect students the opportunity to lower
people and change their mood. their stress level by listening to music
All music such as pop, jazz, or learning to play an instrument.
reggaeton, salsa, bachata, It works effectively because people who
are unique and valuable.
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relax with music before or after any
activity feel better and they study happily.
All the courses start in a quiet environment. Participants listen
to classical or instrumental music in a quiet room. Then, a lovely voice says:
“Breathe, and feel the music in your heart.” After this short meditation,
students go to their different classes. For example, guitar, piano lessons,
or hip-hop. They learn about instruments and music theory. Finally,
students have the opportunity to compose songs and play in a band.
Grammar Tip As Nietzsche said: “Without music, life is a mistake.”
Adverbs are words that describe
verbs. In English, many of them
1. Answer the questions below in complete sentences using your own
end in –ly:
words.
• Adjective + ly:sad = sadly
They sadly walked home. a. According to the reading, what are the two main benefits of music
• Adjective ending in “y” = therapy?
change “y” to “i”, add “-ly”
Happy = happily
They happily sang the song. b. How do the courses start?
c. Why is it important to relax before a difficult task?
2.
. Complete these students’ opinions about music therapy. Choose an
adjective from the box and write its corresponding adverb in the blank.
quick happy effective correct

Vocabulary
stress. feeling of pressure

“For me, music therapy works . My performance in
and anxiety
class is great.” –Kelly
cure. to make an illness
or injury better “After piano lessons, I study . I always smile.” –Robert
illness. sickness, not feeling “I do all my math homework . I get only 10.” –Mia
well
“I run in Physical Education class. I’m fast.” –Ben
mistake. error, not correct
2
Oral Communication
How do you feel before an exam? Stressed, relaxed, confident?
Preparing for Exams

Vocabulary
relieve. to reduce or eliminate
festival. large party with

a common idea like arts,
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music, movies
1
1. Listen to Gina and Bob talk about a music festival and decide if the
statements are True(T) or False(F). Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
a. Gina has to take four exams today.
b. Gina is ready for the exams.
c. Bob really likes rock music.
d. Gina and her cousin play in a band. Tip
You can use these expressions

2. Listen again and answer the following questions in complete sentences.
to express surprise:
a. Why does Bob want to go to a pop music festival? • Gosh!
• Poor thing!
• Oh my goodness! Really?
b. Why does Gina enjoy music festivals?
• Wow!
• Great!
• Oh no!
3. Write a similar conversation about music. Use the conversation strategies
you heard on the recording.
Student A:
Student B:
Student A:
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Student B:
Student A:
Student B:
3
Reading
Social Studies
Why do you think electronic music is popular?
Music Festivals: Tomorrowland
Do you love electronic music? Go to Tomorrowland. It happens

once a year (every summer in June or July) and it takes place in Belgium.
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A lot of people go every year. Electronic music lovers of all ages go there
to experience the music with DJs and music producers. Each festival
has a different theme. For example, the 2018 theme was “The Story
of Planaxis”. What about the tickets and their price? This is the difficult
part: the tickets are sold out in minutes. The prices depend on the type
of ticket and the accommodation you choose. People spend between
98€ and 6000€. Yes, it’s very expensive! The performers are musicians
and DJs like David Guetta, Martin Solveig, Armin van Buuren, Steve
Angelo, Axwell Ingrosso, Dimitri Vegas, and others. Tomorrowland
is not only about music; it is an amazing theatrical production with
Value: Freedoom of speech mind-blowing sets.
Pop, hip-hop, reggaeton, salsa,

cumbia, vallenato, etc. It does
not matter what your favorite
Pixabay / Free-Photos
music is, just do not forget
an important thing: Music does
not define you as a person,
your values and actions do.
1. Answer the following questions in your own words based on the reading.
a. How old are the people who go to this event?
b. How much do people spend on the tickets?
c. Are you interested in this event? Why or why not?
2. Some friends are considering going to the Tomorrowland festival.

Choose the correct verb and write it in the present simple or present
continuous form. Add words if needed (is, are).
Vocabulary plan love buy like

theme. a topic/subject for an
event or party
accommodation. a place Joseph Tomorrowland festival, so he

a trip to Belgium for the next year. Charles and Stephanie
to sleep away from home

like a hotel pop music, but they know nothing about electronic
mind-blowing. amazing, music. Today they a David Guetta CD to listen
incredible to this kind of music.
4
Writing
Which school parties and events do you like going to?
Planning a Social Event

1. Imagine you are the principal of your school and you are organizing
a social event for all the teachers and students.
Follow these simple steps to write an invitation:
a. Choose the kind of event you want to organize such as a dance
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or dinner. Give it a theme!
b. Decide the place, the date, and the time.
c.
Decide the cost and the activities that people can do at the event.
2. Write an invitation for an event. Follow this format:
End of term party

Grammar Tip
Come and join us at this event.
The school is organizing a great party at The Lovers Bar on Eloy Remember that you use:
Alfaro Avenue. The party starts at 6:00 pm, and it finishes at • AT + time. The match
midnight. There will be some activities like live music, fast-food, is at 9:30 pm.
and many surprises. It’s a free event. We hope you can come. • ON + days. The concert
is on Saturday.
• IN + months. The
championship is in January.
• ON + complete date. My
birthday is on July 27th.
Title:
Place, date, and time:
Activities:
Vocabulary
Price: social event. a party or dinner

that many people from work
or school go to
5
Language Through the Arts
Art
How do you describe urban music?
Urban Music
Defining urban music is very difficult because the most popular

music belongs to this genre, and it changes every day. Urban music
began in the 1980s and includes a multicultural diversity of amazing
Pixabay / StockSnap
artists. A large, mostly young audience listens to this music. Today’s

popular artists belong to the urban genre. Some examples of urban
music are reggaeton and hip-hop. It has influences from traditional
rhythms such as Latin pop, dance, soul, salsa, cumbia, and merengue,
but it isn’t related to jazz or rock. Those are different genres.
The Latin Grammy Awards is an important ceremony that gives prizes
to the best urban songs, singers, and bands.
Value: Human rights

1. Circle the correct answers based on the article.
Everybody has the right
to express themselves as they • Urban music is:
like. Music, no matter the
a. a modern genre b. old Latin music c. easy to define
genre, is a way of cultural
expression.
• Urban music genre is related to:
a. rock music b. hip-hop c. jazz
• Young audiences listen to
a. jazz b. urban music c. soul
2. Each of these people are interested in music, but in different ways.

Match the sentence parts to make simple present sentences.
dance hip-hop music

Irene usually
with my friends.
Peter doesn’t listen to music

like to while he works.
create a dance school

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I like to in our neighborhood.
My cousin sings reggaeton while

and I want to she is cooking.
Vocabulary
genre. a specific type of music

or movie such as rock, hip
hop, fiction, comedy
6
Oral Communication
What kind of concerts do you like to go to? Who would you like to see in concert?
Going to a Concert
1. Listen to the conversation. Answer the questions in your own words.

Audio
a. Where are they?
b. Where will John go to look for his wallet?
c. Who is Mary waiting for?
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Fre
Tip
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Remember to use:
• “Can you help me please?”
to ask for help.
2. Imagine a similar situation between you and a friend. Write a short • “Hurry up!” if you are
dialogue of 40-50 words to perform in front of the class. Use at least in a hurry.
three verbs in the present continuous.
Student A:
Student B:
Student A:
Student B:
Student A:
Vocabulary
Student B:
hurry up. to tell someone
to do something quickly
7
Lesson B

Art
What are your favorite sports to play and watch?
FIFA World Cup
Value: Interculturality The FIFA U-20 World Cup is a championship

in which male players under twenty years old
Soccer is a very popular sport participate. Twenty-four teams from different
in many countries around countries participate in this tournament every
the world. At any time, people two years.
are playing this sport on a field,
in a park, or in school. The FIFA World Cup is another great
There are millions of soccer championship, and professional male players
fans. There are also many are the stars. There are a total of sixty-four
local and international matches. FIFA organizes it every four years.
championships. The most The champion in 2018 was France. In the
famous is, of course, the FIFA play-off against Belgium, the score was 1-0,
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World Cup every four years. and in the final game against Croatia it was 4-2.
1. Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
Grammar Tip a. What are two different kinds of FIFA competitions?
Use the present progressive

for actions that are happening b. What’s your favorite Ecuadorian team?
right now, future plans or
predictions.
• Affirmative: Subject + to be + c. Why do you think soccer is a popular sport in your country?
verb-ing
They are playing at the
stadium.
2. Complete the sentences with one word from the box. There’s one extra
• Negative: Subject + to be +
option.
negative + verb-ing
Julio is not watching the game
champion score tied tournament team
on TV.
• Yes/No Question: to be + a. This is short. It has only twelve matches.
Subject + verb-ing ?
Are you taking the bus to b. The match is . The score is 2-2.
the stadium? c. I don’t want my favorite to lose, but the score is 1-0.
d. Real Madrid is the this year.
Vocabulary
3. Create your own sentences with these words:
tournament. a series of games
a. play-off:
play-off. game to decide
who is playing in the final b. championship:
tie(d). both teams have c. win:

the same score
d. lose:
8
Oral Communication
What popular sports championships are you familiar with? Which have you watched on TV?
Sports Championships
1. Listen to this interview with a soccer expert.

Audio
2. Write the name of the championship and the country. Listen to the dialogue.
Championship Country
1
3. Listen again. Write the details about what is happening.
Details
1
4. Who do you think will win the soccer championship in Ecuador this
year? Explain why.
5. Complete the sentences with one verb from the box. Use the simple
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present or present continuous.
play win talk
train take sign
a. Right now, the reporters to Lionel Messi

about his last match.
b. Many soccer teams games at Estadio Olimpico

Atahualpa.
Vocabulary
c. Antonio Valencia some autographs,
and he selfies with his fans after every game. expert. someone who knows
a lot about something
d. Both Barcelona and Emelec in Guayaquil. sign. to write your name

on a receipt, check,
However they games in Quito at this moment. photograph, etc.
9
What kind of dancing do you like to do?
Dance for Fun
Value: Interculturality “When you are dancing you are not only moving your body, you are
also communicating. Your mind is experiencing new ideas. Many dancing
Dance is a beautiful artistic schools can help you to improve your skills. You can practice different
expression. Anyone can styles: traditional, modern, classic, urban, etc. And, if you work hard,
participate and feel the rhythm. maybe you can be part of a dance competition.
All around the world, there
are thousands of dancers There are many championships. One of them is the famous World
competing and participating Hip Hop Dance Championship. In this competition, teams from over
in different championships. fifty countries participate, and competitors are trying to show the culture
and art of their countries. In this kind of championship, there are various
categories and styles, like breakdancing and hip hop. In these events, you
can meet great dancers and artists from different cities around the world.
What style of dancing do you like to practice?
1. Based on the article, decide if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).
a. Dancing helps people express feelings.
b. Dance schools only teach classic dancing styles.
c. In the World Hip Hop Dance Championship

there’s only one style.
2. Answer the following questions in complete sentences. Then, discuss

them with your classmates. Pay attention to your verb forms.
a. What do you think of hip-hop dancing? Is this a common type
of music and dance in your country?
b. How do you feel when you are dancing?

pik
e
Fre
c. Why do you think dancing is popular all over the world? Explain.
d. Describe where and when you had fun dancing?
Vocabulary
improve. make better e. What types of dancing have you tried?

compete. participate in
a competition
10
Oral Communication
Which soccer teams are you a fan of?
Soccer Teams
1. Listen to the conversation between Karla and Christian after they
listened to an interview. Audio
2. Who would say each of the following? Write Christian, Karla, or both.
Write evidence from what you listened to support your answer.
a. John knows a lot about soccer.
b. Liga is the best team.
Christian
c. Nacional is the best team in Ecuador.
3. From the dialogue, what expression is used to show surprise?
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Karla
4. Write the end of the conversation, 3 more lines for Karla and 3 for
Christian. Use expressions of surprise.
Karla:
Vocabulary
fan. someone who likes a team

Christian:
and wants them to win
tolerate. to not react

Karla: negatively to something even
if you prefer something else
Christian:
Karla:
Christian:
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Value: Tolerance
Tolerance is when you respect other opinions, thoughts and beliefs.

We can like, even love, each other even though we all have different ideas.
Mutual respect is the most important thing in relationships.
11
Reading
How often do you go cycling? How far can you ride your bike?
An Ecuadorian Champion
1. Read the article. Underline the new words for you.
Richard Antonio Carapaz Montenegro is a national hero.

His nickname is “La Locomotora” because he cycles fast and furiously.
He’s from El Carchi, and he lives in his hometown. He sometimes
Flickr/Agencia ANDES
travels to Italy to train or participate in races. He’s married and he has

two children.
He participates in different races around the world. His most
important victory was the Giro d’Italia in 2019. He also has some other
medals and trophies. His family and friends really admire him because
of his hard work. Richard is a happy and friendly athlete who enjoys
simple but important things in life like family.
2. Answer these questions according to the article.

Read the article again. Correct
the sentences. a. What’s Richard’s nickname? Why?
Richard Carapaz:
a. doesn’t live in Carchi.

b. Where does Richard usually compete?

c. What is Richard like and what does he enjoy?
b. doesn’t like to train in
Europe.
3. Match the sentences with the pictures. Pay attention to the words
in blue. Write the letters.
c. participates only in Latin
America. a. There aren’t many races in my city.
b. My coach is strict.
c. My training is exhausting.
d. Athletes run on a track.

Pixabay/ThomasWolter
Vocabulary
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nickname. a name friends call

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someone, different from their

real name
race. a competition in which

the fastest wins
12
Writing
Who are some famous athletes from Ecuador?
Let’s write a biography

1. Answer these questions:
a. Who is your favorite athlete? Why?
b. What do you know about him/ her?
k
pi
ee
c. What is he/she doing that is interesting now? Fr
2. Write two positive ideas and two negative opinions about the person.
Positive ideas Negative ideas
Grammar Tip
3. Write sentences that connect the ideas using and and but.
Linkers: and, but
• • Use and to link to similar
ideas, positive ideas.
Examples: I like soccer,
• and I play it every day.
• Use but to link a positive
and a negative idea.
Examples: I don’t like soccer,
What’s a biography?
but I love basketball.
A biography is a short story about a person. Using your notes above,
write a short biography of 50-60 words about your favorite athlete.
Use simple present and present progressive.
Include this information: name, nationality, sport, age.

My favorite
Nationality
Sport Vocabulary
athlete. a person that is active

Age in sports, especially on teams
biography. a story about

a person’s life
13
Assessment
Speaking
1 Interview a classmate about sports and music. Ask The woman is

them the following questions and create a question
of your own. Take notes on the lines.
The woman has
a. What do you think about studying while music
is playing?
Student B
b. Who is your favorite singer or band? Why?

c. How often do you play sports?
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d. Do you think sports are important to relieve
stress? The boy has
The man has
e. Share the information with the class.

The boy is
2 Describe these pictures about hobbies. Describe the

people and the place. Use at least three descriptive The man is
adjectives in each.
Student A
Listening
3 Listen to two friends and fill in the blanks in the
sentences.
a. Jaime is using her headphones to
b. Jamie likes a group called

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c. Ed Sheeran is
She is d. John and Jamie don’t like

She has
e. Jamie suggests they go to a
together.
14
Assessment What do you do in your free time?
Reading
1 Read about two sport events in the Olympic Games.
Choose one verb from the box and complete the The Serbian team for a last
newscasts. Use the verb in the present progressive opportunity to score, they a
in affirmative or negative. Add the verb “to be” if good job. The result is the United States 96
needed.
points and Serbia 66. The Olympic winner is
the American team.
get play finish report
-Jonathan
look win do write
Writing
Posted 9:45
2 Write a short post for a blog. Tell your friends
Female cycling BMX about popular sports in your country, but not
soccer. Include these details: the kind of sport and
where people can play it. Write 60 to 80 words.
Right now, I’m in Rio de Janeiro.
Use simple present and linkers.
I on my blog about the Olympic
Games. The Peruvian rider is not in the race Introduction
because she is hurt. The American rider is in
first place, and the Colombian athlete is in
second, but she is very close. She
close… and now she is in first place. The Part 1
race now …and the winner is the

Colombian girl, Mariana Pajon.
-Kathy
Part 2
Posted 10:20
Basketball – male
Part 3
Hi readers. Thanks for visiting my blog.

Now, I’m in the coliseum in Sao Paulo,
I to you all the news of the final
Conclusion
game. The United States and Serbia team
. The game is almost over, and
the American team with 96 points.
I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.
Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics well somewhat well improve without help
I can talk about my favorite music.

I can write an ad for an event.
I can describe activities I’m doing at a specific time.
I can contrast ideas with and and but.
15
Project 1
Relaxing Activities We Like
We all like different music, sports, and leisure activities. Let’s find out what
our classmates like and don’t like.
Step 1
Tips
• Form groups of three students. Think of ideas and words you know related
• Remember that sometimes to relaxing activities. Think of places, equipment, sports, etc. Write some
people don’t want to notes on the lines below:
answer yes or no, they
prefer maybe or I don’t
know. So also give them
those options for yes/no
questions.
• Also try to ask “Wh”
questions that make people
give a longer answer.
Step 2
• Now in your notebooks, write 5 different questions that are related to

the notes you have in step 1. They can be yes/no questions, or multiple
choice. Use the present tense. The purpose of the questions is to see your
classmates’ opinions.
Example: Do you like to play baseball?
Yes No I don’t know
My favorite sport is:
soccer tennis basketball volleyball
Step 3
• Let your teacher check your questions.
Step 4
• Go around the classroom and ask five of your classmates for their answers.
Write them down.
Step 5
• Present the results of your questionnaire to your class. Do you have a lot
in common with your classmates?
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16
Let's review
Vocabulary Reading
1 Complete these sentences with a word from the 3 Match the descriptions with the choices below.
box. There’s one extra word. Write the letter in the circle. There’s one extra
option.
competitive popular relaxing

cheap stressing a a traditional market.
b an electronic music
a. Music therapy is a way to festival.
manage stress.
c an Ecuadorian athlete.
b. Soccer is a sport around the
world.
d a talented artist.
c. In China, people can buy
souvenirs. e a challenge for players.
d. Video games aren’t only for

people.
• Tomorrowland is
• Richard Carapaz is
• A handicraftsman is
• An adventure video game is
Grammar
4 Complete the sentences. Use the present
progressive form of a verb from the box. There’s
one extra word.
make change communicate

visit have
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a. Urban music every day.

b. When you dance, you with your
body.
Grammar
c. Many tourists Ecuador every
2 Complete the sentences with one word. You can
year.
use prepositions on, at or but.
d. I new friends because I play video
a. My birthday is December 29th. games online.
b. I like soccer I love volleyball.
c. The class starts 8:15 am.
d. I’m from Machala, I live in
Guayaquil.
17
Lesson C
What are some things to see and do in China?
Shopping in China!
Value: Interculturality Many people like shopping in China. Why? Because the prices are
reasonable and you can find a bargain on amazing clothes, jewelry and
One of the most exciting free
gifts. Shopping in China is an incredible cultural experience because
time activities is traveling and
tourists and local people can bargain. Nobody gets bored in those markets.
buying gifts for friends or family.
There are some important tips you have to know before bargaining in
Tourists can find plenty of gifts
China:
in local markets, and people can
also learn about the culture of - Learn some useful Chinese phrases.
the place. It is important to know For example: Ni hao ma? (How are you?);
how to bargain. Duo shao qian? (How much is it?); Tai
gui le! (too expensive); pian yi dian? (give
me a lower price). You may get a better
price by, bargaining in Chinese instead
of English.
- Always be polite and pretend you are not
too interested.
Pixabay / Sasin Tipchai

- Use body language, gestures, expressions.
- Have fun learning about Chinese culture
in local markets.
1. Decide if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).
a. You can buy expensive souvenirs in China.
b. Everybody can bargain in China.
c. You should speak English to buy souvenirs.
d. You can’t show too much interest.
2. Discuss these questions with a partner.
a. Do you ever go shopping in local markets?

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b. When you are on vacation away from home, what do you usually
buy? Why?
c. Do you bargain? Why or why not?
3. Imagine you are in China. Brainstorm some ideas on what activities you
would like to do and see there. Then, pair up and share your answers
with your partner. Make sure to ask follow-up questions, like “Why?”
“For how long?” “Which one (s)?”
Vocabulary
bargain. to ask for a lower

price in a store (Verb)
bargain. something
with a low price (Noun)
18
Oral Communication
Is bargaining popular in your city? When can people bargain? For what things?
Buying Gifts
Listen to these tourists. They are buying souvenirs in the Cuzco market
Audio
in Peru.
1. Choose the correct answer.
a. How does Mike describe the market?
lovely wonderful colorful
b. What does Susan want to buy?
a sweater a toy llama a bag
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c. What is the first price of the gift Susan wants?
$30 $25 $20
Create a similar conversation

d. What is the final price of the gift? that takes place with tourists
in a market in Ecuador. Use
$30 $25 $20 the expressions in activity 2.
A.
2. What are the phrases you can use to bargain? Complete the sentences
using the words below:
too B.
expensive costs let price take sorry
A.
a. It thirty dollars.
b. I think it’s . Will you twenty?

B.
a. I’m , but thirty is a good .
b. Wait, I’ll you have it for twenty-five.

A.
3. Pair activity. Ask a partner: Where and how often they bargain? If not, B.
why not? Take turns, write down answers. Then, share it with your
classmates.
A.
B.
Tip
Conversation strategies: Vocabulary

Will you take $10? = Would you take $10?
You can have it for $15. = I’ll let you have it for $15. thanks anyway. thank you,
but no
19
Reading
What are some unusual hobbies you know about? What are your hobbies?
Unusual Hobbies, Unusual Souvenirs!
1. Read the blog about unusual hobbies in the world.

Think of an unusual hobby.
Provide as many details as 2. How do these items surprise you?
possible about materials,
tools, time needed. Then,
share it in front of the class. Soap or art?
Once, everyone is done. In Thailand, handicraftsmen make beautiful pieces
Discuss which is the most of art with soap. This art started many centuries ago.
unusual hobby. Nowadays, it is really common to see these pieces of art
at markets for fair prices. Tourists can find all types
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of soap at many different prices.
Carving eggshells
What do you do with eggshells? Do you throw
them out? Well, in Beijing, China, they don’t. They
make sculptures with eggshells. This piece of art is a
perfect birthday or wedding gift. Tourists and local
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people can find them in shops and street markets.
Shell jewelry
If you love jewelry, this is the perfect gift for yourself.
In some cities on the Ecuadorian Coast like Atacames
or Tonsupa, handicraftsmen collect all kind of shells
from the seashore. They make earrings, necklaces, even
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clothes. People buy them in local markets at great prices.

They sometimes bargain with the handicraftsmen.
Dragons in the street

Can you imagine dragons in Latin America? This
Stockvault / frhuynh
is not a dream; it’s a reality. A fantasy artist from

Buenos Aires, Argentina, creates and sells dragons.
The material he uses is clay. Every Sunday, tourists
can visit San Telmo and buy this unusual gift.
3. Read again. Write the details about each item.

Vocabulary
Interesting
Place Material
hobby. an activity people do characteristic
to relax in their free time Soap or art?
handicraftsmen. artisan Carving
eggshells
carve. sculpt, use a sharp tool

to make a shape Shell jewlery
clay. substance for modeling Dragons in
into plates and art the street
20
Writing
Language and Literature
What do you need to think about to plan a trip?
Travel and Shopping

1. How can tourists plan their trips? Well, they usually read blogs and
interesting articles that people write. Now you are going to be the
author of one of those blogs about a city or town you know. Answer
these questions before you write the blog.
a. What is the city or town you will write about?
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b. What is a popular place to buy gifts in the city or town?
c. What can people buy there? Tip
Start your paragraph with

an introduction. That is,
d. How about the prices? Can people bargain?
start your paragraph with
a sentence that summarizes
the main idea of your text. Take
e. What is some advice for people who visit that place? for instance, the following
sentence in puple:
I think tourists should take some
precautions when they visit
2. Write a blog of 40-50 words about shopping for gifts. Use the questions
above to help you. Use the present tense. crowded places.
First, tourists should never be
alone. Second, tourists should
Introduction
put away their cameras and
smart phones. Third, tourists
should wear their backpacks
on their front. All in all,
keep an eye on everything
Popular place
you carry.
Gift Vocabulary
plan. to prepare for something
Prices
Advice
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21
What can people do in Otavalo?
A Visit to Otavalo
People from all over the world visit Ecuador, and they go to famous
places. One of these places is Plaza de los Ponchos in Otavalo. In this place,
visitors can take amazing pictures, and, of course, choose from thousands
of souvenirs to buy. Also, this is the perfect place for people who enjoy
taking photos because the market is an interesting place. For everybody
who loves going to festivals or going sightseeing in their free time, Otavalo
is perfect. The city offers a lot of cultural activities for the whole family.
For example, adventurers can go cycling, trekking in the mountains,
Pixabay / Dezalb
or kayaking. Visiting the lakes and traditional restaurants is a good idea

to enjoy the views and try typical food.
1. Answer the following questions:
a. What can people do in the Plaza de los Ponchos?
b. Describe the Plaza de los Ponchos. Use your own words.
c. What else can people do in Otavalo?
2. Get into groups of 4 students and ask your classmates the following
questions:
a. Why is it important for us to visit traditional places to buy gifts like
Plaza de los Ponchos? Support your answers.
b. What other traditional places to buy souvenirs do you know?
Vocabulary c. How are traditional places like the Plaza de los Ponchos related
to Ecuadorian culture? Support your answers.

free time. time not used for
work or school. Usually nights
and weekends
22
Oral Communication
How often do you go on vacation? Where would you like to go for a vacation?
Going on Vacation
1. Listen to the conversation between Susan and Mike, then complete
the sentences with the words below. Audio
cycling enjoying visiting taking
a. Susan and Mike are Otavalo.
b. Susan and Mike are their trip to Otavalo a lot.

Vocabulary
c. Susan and Mike are going in two hours.
cycling. to ride a bicycle
d. Mike is some pictures right now. enjoy. to have a good time
doing something
2. Pair work. Ask a classmate: Do you prefer going on vacation with your
friends, with your relatives, or maybe on your own? Explain. visit. to spend time somewhere
away from home
Introduction
Detail 1
Detail 2
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Detail 3
Conclusion
Tip
When you are discussing your

opinions with others, remember
two important phrases you can
use to respond to someone’s
opinion: I agree when you think
the same and I disagree when

Pixabay / Dezalb
your opinion is different.
23
Lesson D

Do you think it is important to be competitive? Who is the most competitive person you know?
Some Differences Between the USA and Ecuador
Value: Interculturality When you see a typical American teen movie, competitions are often
involved! Actually idioms like, “Go big or go home!” or “Give it your
How competitive are people
all!” reflect the way people in the United States perceive what being
in the United States? In many
competitive means. This includes many parts of life: sports, school,
aspects of life, people in the
work, even video games.
United States are taught how
to compete when they are young Teens in Ecuador may be competitive as well, but usually they don’t
children. This competitiveness take it too seriously because it’s just for fun. They can enjoy sports,
often continues when they school, or video games and appreciate healthy competition. The emphasis
are adults in many parts is more on having fun in the process, and not who wins or loses…
of the lives. except maybe in soccer!
Answer the questions below in complete sentences Using your own words.
a. According to the reading, are teens in the USA and Ecuador equally
competitive?
b. What does a typical American teen movie usually involve?

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c. Do you consider yourself a competitive person? Do you think being

competitive has positive or negative effects on people?
Vocabulary
teen. teenager, younger people

between 13 - 19 years old
idiom. a phrase used in a

specific culture or circumstance
go big or go home. make

every single effort
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taught. past of teach
24
Oral Communication
How popular are video games in Ecuadorian society? Wich video games do you like to play?
Video Games
Before listening
Do you like video games? What is your favorite one?
1. Listen to Steve and Tammy talk about video games. Decide if the
following statements are True(T) or False(F). Audio
a. Steve likes violent video games.
b. Tammy doesn’t like violent video games.
c. Steve’s favorite video game is FIFA.
d. They are playing video games after school.
a. How does Tammy know Steve likes FIFA?
b. What does Steve invite Tammy to do?
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c. Do you enjoy playing video games? Why? Share your answer with
Tip
your classmate next to you and talk about it.
Young people like Steve and
Tammy like to use coloquial
or familiar language. This
is informal language that is
3. Pair work. After answering the following questions, share your answers
appropiate for speaking but
with your classmates. Discuss why you agree or disagree.
not always for writing. Some
a. Do you think it is acceptable for a person to be violent just because examples that they use are
this person loves violent video games? “guess what?” and “for real.”
Do you know what these
expressions mean?
b. Why do some people think violence makes them look cool?

c. How can video games cause societies to be more violent in real

life? Explain. Vocabulary
favorite. something you enjoy

more than others
25
Reading
What different types of video games are there?
Types of Video Games
Video games are so popular with teens that it may seem they could
spend days playing them. They are a way to release stress and to have
a good time. There are many different types of video games. Some
of them are listed below:
• Action video games: They involve shooting, attacking, and fighting. E.g.
000 000 Call of Duty.
• Adventure video games: They follow a story line and they look like
movies. E.g. Minecraft
• Racing video games: They include cars and chases. E.g. Need
for Speed.
• Strategy video games: They develop thinking skills. E.g. Plants vs
Zombies.
• Sports video games: They are related to sports or athletics. E.g. FIFA.
1. Answer the following questions in your own words based on the

reading.
a. What does playing video games do for teens?
b. What type of video game seems the most violent?

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c. What type of video game makes you think a lot?
2. What kind of video game(s) are you interested in? Answer the question,
form groups according to the types of video games you have in common
with your classmates. Share opinions and details.
3. What kind of video game is the most popular in the class? (Do you think
Vocabulary that kind of video game reflects the class behavior?)
e.g.. for example
chase. follow someone

or something that is trying
to get away
26
Writing
What is the name of your favorite game? How long have you been playing it?
Describing your Favorite Video Game
1. Imagine you receive an email from a friend, John, about your favorite
game or video game. Your friend asks you these questions:
a. What is the name of your favorite game or video game?

b. Why do you like it?
c. Do you play alone, with one other person, or in groups?
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d. Is it easy to play?
e. What are the rules?
2. Respond to John’s e-mail, by following these simple steps:
a. Write your friend’s email address:

To: thisisanexample@live.com
b. Write the topic of your e-mail in the subject line.

Subject: Crash Video game.
c. Write a greeting with your friend’s name, followed by a comma.

Hi John,
d. Thank your friend for their email.
e. Answer the question(s) using present tense and intensifiers

(like,very, so too, totally).
f. Finish with an informal email closing line, followed by a comma.

See you soon,
g. Write your name.

Grammar Tip
Intensifiers with adjectives:

Intensifiers are words that
are placed before adjectives
From: to make them have
(your email) a stronger meaning.
To:
• Quite easy
(your friend’s mail) • Extremely violent
Subject: Video games. • Really complicated
• Exceptionally entertaining
• Very difficult
Hi
• Totally awesome
• So exciting
See you ,
27
What are some popular video games?
Clash of Clans
In 2012, Supercell created a strategy game for cellphones called

Clash of Clans. Nowadays, a lot of young people from different parts
of the world play this game. What is interesting about this game is
the possibility of practicing your writing skills in the language you
choose. This awesome game allows you to customize a village, build
an army, crush your opponents, and either join or establish a clan.
As soon as you build your clan castle, you can start joining clans and getting
to know other players who will help you practice your writing and
reading skills and learn a lot of new vocabulary. This is a great opportunity
to have fun while practicing your English with native speakers!
Pixabay / ColiN00B
Circle the correct answers based on the reading.
• Clash of Clans is:
a. an adventure game
b. a strategy game
c. a race game
• The skills you can practice in this game are:

Grammar Tip
a. listening and speaking
In British English, you can
use have/has got instead b. reading and listening
of have:
c. reading and writing
• British: My clan has got
a red flag. (My clan has • You can join a clan once you:
a red flag.)
• British: Our clan hasn’t a. build your clan castle
got rules. (Our clan doesn’t b. customize your village
have rules.)
c. crush your enemies
Group work. Get into groups and imagine you have your own clan
in Clash of Clans. Does it have rules? If so, what are the rules? Does it
have a shield? If so, what color is it? Brainstorm as many ideas as you
can. Then, share your ideas with the whole class.
Vocabulary
customize. modify to your

personal likes
crush. defeat, destroy

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clan. a group of people with

things in common, sometimes
from the same family
28
Oral Communication
How often and where do you like to visit friends?
Visiting Friends
1. Before listening to the conversation, answer the following questions
in groups:
a. What activities do you usually do when you visit your friends?
b. Do you need to ask for permission to leave home go over to

a friend’s house?
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c. Are you doing anything with your friends this weekend?
2. Now, listen to the conversation and answer these questions in your own
words. Audio
a. Where are they at the moment?
b. Where is Tammy going to go later?

Tip

Notice how Tammy says,
c. What is Tammy taking to Steve’s? “What kind of question is
that?” to Steve when he asks

if she is going to his house.
This is called a “rhetorical
3. Imagine a similar situation with you and a friend. Write a short dialogue
question” because it is one
of 10 lines to perform in front of the class.
for which Tammy doesn’t
expect an answer, but it is
actually a comment to say,
Student A: “that is obvious!”
Student B:
Student A:
Vocabulary
permission. when someone

Student B:
(your parent) lets you do
something
Student A: go over. leave home to go

some place else

Student B:
come over. when someone
leaves their home to come
to where you are
29
Assessment
Speaking Listening
1 Interview a classmate about video games, traveling, 2 Listen to the journalist. Decide if the sentences are
and some outdoor activities. Ask them the following True(T) or False(F).
questions and create two of your own. Take notes
on the lines. a. Parque Artesanal Loma de la Cruz
in Cali is a park.
a. What video game(s) do you like? Why?
b. Tourists cannot buy many things.
c. There are salsa lessons in the evening.
d. On Sunday, people can enjoy a show.
b. What indoor activities do you usually do on

3 Answer the following questions. Then, pair up and
vacation? With who?
share your answers with your classmates.
Describe your perfect vacation. Imagine you are
there. Where are you? Who are you with? What
can you see there? What can you do there?
Where
c. What outdoor activities do you do

on vacation? With who? Where?
Who
d. How often do you visit a local market?

See
Do
Pixabay
30
Assessment What do you do in your free time?
Reading
1 Read this email:
From:

From: Paul To:
usa.friend@hotmail.com
To: Pablo Subject: Favorite hobbies and video games
ecuadorian.friend@hotmail.com
Subject: Paul
Hi Pablo,
How are you doing? I hope all is well. My
teacher asked me to write an essay about my
best friend, so I have a couple of questions
for you. What are your favorite hobbies in
Ecuador? Do you have a favorite game you can
play in teams or groups?
I just can’t wait to visit you in Ecuador next
summer.
See you soon,
Paul.
3 Once you are done, exchange your e-mail with

Writing a classmate. Read your classmate’s e-mail. Check if
he/she answered all the questions. Are grammar
2 Respond to Paul’s e-mail. Answer his questions. and vocabulary correct?
a. Include:
- what your favorite hobbies are. 4 Return the books. Improve your email by following
your partner’s suggestions.
- what kind of games you like and why.
b. Write a 50-65 word email. 5 Write a clean version to turn in to your teacher.

I can use expressions to bargain at local markets.
I can talk about handicrafts.

I can use expressions when I’m surprised.
I can write an email using intensifiers.
31
Project 2
Your Original Video Game on a Blog
Let’s find out how creative you and your classmates are.
Step 1
• Get into groups of four students. Brainstorm some ideas for an original
video game. Write them here.
Type of game
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Number of players
Skill levels
Play online or in person?
Step 2
• Come to an agreement with each other on which video game you are
going to choose to design your own blog about it. Tell your teacher about
your final decision.
Step 3
• Make sure your blog has these elements:
- A title
- A couple of posts (or entries)
- Images of your video game
- Comments
Step 4
• Prepare a 5-minute oral presentation with pictures of your blog. Use the
simple present and intensifiers during your presentation. Don’t forget
to use all the new vocabulary you have learned so far. Every member
of the group needs to speak.
Step 5
• Once all the presentations are over, compare your blogs. Do they have
a lot in common? What makes some blogs better than other?
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32
English What holidays
Pedagogical Module 2 do you celebrate?
Ninth Grade EGB
Idioms 4 5 Traditions / Christmas
So
around the world
c ia
Stl
ud
ie
Modals: obligation
3 6 Art and culture:
s
and necessity holidays in the USA
Ar
t
isshh
Simple past
2
glli
La
g
and used to
Enn
Childhood
ng
7
E
ua
memories / anecdotes
Celebrations
eg
an
1 and Holidays
d
Do vs make
Li
te
ra
t
ur
e
Values
Values
10 Empathy 9 Environmental care 8 Interculturality
Everybody loves to have some days off. People like when people do not work because they celebrate
to get away for a few days to enjoy time with family a festivity — for example, Christmas or New Year.
or friends, and the most common days to enjoy this There are local and international holidays in each
free time are holidays. Holidays are specific dates country and worldwide.
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• What traditions do you have on specific holidays?
• What are the most popular holidays in your country or city?
1
Lesson A

Art
What do people do to celebrate Christmas where you live?
Christmas
1. Read this article about Christmas.
Talking about Christmas worldwide is fun, but it would take

a long time. However, there is a clear difference between celebrations
in Latin America and Europe and the United States. In Ecuador,
families make a family dinner, as well as in the USA. The traditional
meal is turkey or another traditional food from the region.
It’s common for American people to make a reservation in a fancy
restaurant, and at night they do some reading. In Ecuador, families
pray “la novena.” In Latin America, people usually do the shopping a
few weeks before Christmas, but in the USA, parents buy gifts one or
two months before. It does not matter where people are; many people
celebrate the birth of Jesus, in the Catholic religion.
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2. Write similarities and differences about Christmas celebrations in Ecuador

and in the USA.
Culture
Christmas is probably the

most popular celebration
in the world. On this day,
December 25th, people
celebrate the birth of Jesus.
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In general, families make
time to be together, talk, and
exchange gifts. A delicious
dinner is also part of this
celebration. However, every
country celebrates this day in
different ways.
3. What are some of the things that you enjoy about Christmas?
Vocabulary
4. Write a list of traditions your family does at Christmas time.
tradition. something that is
always done on a holiday

or at an event, the adjective
form is traditional
fancy. elegant
2
Oral Communication
Are there any special events for Christmas in your city?
Christmas Celebration
1. Listen to the conversation between Ben and Karin.
Audio
Value: Empathy
Empathy has to do with

understanding how other
people feel. Even people that
are not with their families like
k
pi to share time with friends and
ee
Fr
other families for traditional
celebrations. You can show
empathy by inviting people
2. Say if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).
to your celebration, even if
a. Ben’s dad is making a cake for Christmas. they are not part of your family.
b. Ben is sending messages to invite people.
c. Ben’s mom is going shopping on Monday.
d. Ben’s sister needs new headphones.

Tip
3. Listen again. Complete the sentences with the expressions you hear. • Use this expression:
a. I , I can text them.
“I mean”, to make
something clear.
b. I she’d love new headphones. • Use this expression:
“I think”, to express
c. No , let’s go shopping on Tuesday.
your opinion.
4. Create a similar conversation between two people. Use the expressions • Use this expression:
above. “No wait”, to change
your opinion.
Vocabulary
headphones. small speakers

placed over the ears
for listening to music
3
Reading
Social Studies
What are some places that do not celebrate Christmas? Why don´t they?
Christmas or a Different Holiday?

1. Read this article about Christmas around the world.
Christmas is the time of the year to be with family, but not

everybody celebrates this. There are nine countries in the world which
do not celebrate this date. They are China, South Korea, Thailand, Saudi
Arabia, Algeria, Iran, Tayikistán, Brunei, and Somalia.
For example, in China, there are not Catholic people because they are
Buddhist. However, on Christmas Eve, they decorate their houses with
different ornaments because they welcome the New Year in the rest
of the world.
In South Korea, they set up Christmas trees in shopping centers,
restaurants or tourist places, but not in houses.
Thailand is a country with many tourists. For this reason, they offer
visitors some Christmas activities such as decorating streets and hotels.
In the other countries, this celebration is not allowed because
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of political or religious beliefs.
2. Complete the chart with Christmas traditions in each country.
Country Tradition
China
South Korea
Thailand
3. Why don’t those countries celebrate Christmas? Give two reasons:

Pixabay / wiroj
4. Come up with three questions based on the reading and let one of your
partners answer them without letting them see the reading again:
2
Vocabulary
3
ornaments. decorations
4
Writing
What do you need to do to organize a Christmas party?
An Informal Invitation
1. Imagine you are organizing a Christmas dinner for your class, and you are
going to write an invitation.
a. Decide the place, the date and the time.
b. Decide the activities. In your notebook, write a list of activities

that will be done at the party to include in your invitation
2. Write an informal invitation using the grammar tip on the right.
Hi,
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Grammar Tip
Remember the format

Best, for an informal invitation:
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• Hi (your friend’s name),

• I hope you’re great.
3. Ask and answer these questions about invitations: I’m writing to invite to
(event). It is (place + date).
a. Do you usually send written invitations? Who do you send (Extra details)
invitations to?
• I hope you can come.
Best, (your name)
Idea: If possible, read your
invitation aloud in front
b. Do you send online invitations for your events? Why?
of the whole class and let
your classmates and teacher
provide feedback. Make sure
to help each other because
4. Read the parts of an invitation and put a check next to if it is formal you will listen to your
or informal language. partners’ invitations as well!
Once everyone has read their
Formal Informal invitations, improve your
written English by taking into
Dear Mr. Ayala,
account all the suggestions
Hi friend, provided by your classmates

Sincerely and teacher.
yours,
Love,
5
Art
What do you know about Christmas traditions and celebrations in the USA?
Magic Christmas in Orlando

1. Read this article about how people celebrate Christmas in Orlando.
Every year there is a unique and magic event at Orlando, Florida at

Magic Kingdom Park. The famous character, Mickey Mouse, celebrates
Christmas with a parade full of lights, music, and fantasy during a month,
not only on December 24th or 25th.
Pixabay / hhyunma
At night, there are plenty of activities for the whole family;

for example, Club Tinsel makes a party for children and adults where
everybody can make new friends. Restaurants at Downtown Disney
make a great Christmas dinner, and visitors can enjoy tasty desserts
and fabulous dishes. On Christmas day, people can see fireworks at the
castle in Magic Kingdom. Finally, the main event is Mickey’s Very Merry
Christmas Party place at Magic Kingdom. It is a parade with all Disney
characters and Santa Claus. This event lasts two months, November and
December. Also, visitors can buy a nice photo at Disney Photo Pass only
on these days.
Although the tickets for this event are really expensive, it is a magical
experience to celebrate Christmas with family or friends.
2. Choose the correct answer.
• What’s the main event in Disneyland?
a. fireworks b. dinner c. parade
• How long does the Christmas celebration take place in Orlando?
a. one day b. two months c. the whole year
• What activities can visitors enjoy during the celebration? Write in

complete sentences. Start with:
Visitors can
Visitors can
Visitors can
Pixabay / RogerMayhem
3. In your city, is there a parade or other organized activity on in Christmas’

Eve? Explain.
6
Oral Communication
Art
What does your family usually eat for a Christmas dinner?
A Family Christmas Dinner

1. Listen to the conversation between Ben and Fanny.
Audio
2. Match the people and the activities. Write the letter of the activity Listen to the dialogue.
next to the person that does it.
• Ben a. has another party.
• Ben’s dad b. does the shopping.
• Ben’s mom c. does the housework.
• Ben’s sister d. makes a cake.
3. Match the pictures and the sentences in the previous activity. Write
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the numbers 1-4 under the pictures in the order they were talked about.
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4. Listen to the conversation again. Complete the sentences with the words
you hear.
a. Thank you. I’m I’m here with you.
b. Wow! That’s a .
c. In the morning, we were in a .
d. She’ll be here in a .
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5. Pair work. Write a continuation of the conversation between Samantha–

Ben’s sister and aunt Fanny.
Samantha:
Fanny:
Samantha:
Vocabulary
Fanny:
Samantha: in a rush. to hurry because

you are late or there is not
Fanny:
much time
7
Lesson B
Where do you usually spend your holidays? Who do you spend them with?
Holy Holidays
Culture
1. Read this article about holidays in Spain and in Ecuador.
Holidays are a nice opportunity
to get together with family and How do you usually spend your holidays? Where do you
friends. People take advantage spend them? Who do you spend them with? The answers to those
these days off to relax at home, questions depend on where you are from, that is, your nationality.
to do some sports or travel to For example, Ecuadorian people often spend their holidays with
other cities. The most important their families, whereas people from Spain frequently prefer
thing is to do something fun. to spend their holidays with their friends. The holidays in Ecuador,
of course, are different from other countries. Even in Ecuador
there are local holidays which other cities don’t celebrate. These
days off are because of some specific celebrations in a region.
For instance, on December 6th Quito celebrates its foundation and on
July 25th Guayaquil celebrates its founding date.
Other national holidays are in January 1st, May 1st, November 2nd,
among others. On these days, people look forward visiting other places
for fun or relatives.
In Spain, there some similar holidays, but they celebrate different
festivities also. On December 6th, they celebrate the day of the Spanish
Pixabay / SanFermin
Constitution. The Day of Death is in November 1st.

Regardless of what the festivity is, the important thing is to have
fun and relax.
2. According to the reading, answer the questions below in complete

sentences using your own words.
a. Does every person in the world spend their holidays in the same
way? Explain why or why not.

b. What does a typical Ecuadorian family usually do on a holiday?

Pixabay / charteweb
3. Pair work. Ask your partner the question below and write down their
answer.
What do you like to do on a holiday?

Vocabulary
regardless of. without

relevance, something that
doesn´t matter
8
Oral Communication
Are there a lot of holiday activities in December where you live?
Party Time in Quito
1. Listen to Steve and Tommy talk about Quito in December and decide
Audio
whether the following statements are True(T) or False(F).
a. David loves December.
b. Ford can’t wait for December.
c. People from Quito never drink canelazo.
d. Quito´s foundation is celebrated in April.
a. Why does David love December?

Pixabay / hbieser
b. Do you enjoy celebrating your city´s traditional festivities? Yes/No?
Why? Share your answer with a classmate next to you and talk
about it.

Tip

You can use “so” before
summarizing what your
partner said in order to keep

the conversation going.
It is a common conversation
3. Vocabulary. Match the pictures and the sentences from the listening.
Write the letters of the descriptions next to the correct picture.
strategy!
a. There is music and dancing in the streets.
b. Quiteños frequently organize Handmade Wooden Cart Races.
c. They ride insane party buses at night called Chivas.
d. People play 40 which is a traditional card game.

Freepik / Pixabay
Vocabulary
insane. crazy

9
Have you ever heard of Juan Pueblo? Do you know who he is?
Juan Pueblo
1. Read this biography about Juan Pueblo.
Juan Pueblo is an icon of Guayaquil. It represents all the humble

and hardworking people who succeed in life. It was created in 1918
by Virgilio Jaime Salinas who was a cartoonist. Usually, tourists
go and visit the Juan Pueblo sculpture made out of bronze. People
can take pictures with this statue at Plaza Rodolfo Baquerizo Moreno.
Moreover, Juan Pueblo is so popular that it even appears on TV
commercials sometimes. Additionally, this icon is frequently posted
everywhere during Guayaquil´s festivities.
This lovely character is around ninety years old, and it is
characterized by its cap and its welcoming smile. The physical
appearance of this character changed. At the beginning, he looked
like a poor and skinny man. Later, the municipality made him
look like a hardworking and good-looking Guayaquileño man.
Pixabay / williamslay
The objective was to raise Guayaquileños self-esteem and self-love.

Nowadays, Juan Pueblo is the icon of Guayaquil.
2. Circle the correct answers based on the reading.
• Juan Pueblo is:

Grammar Tip
a. a boy
You can start or end a sentence
b. an adult
with “usually” or “sometimes”.
For example: c. an icon
• “I usually go to the beach on
vacation” or “Usually I go • Juan Pueblo represents:
to the beach on vacation”. a. rich people
• “Sometimes I spend holidays at b. poor people
home” or “I sometimes spend
holidays at home” c. hardworking people
• Tourists usually:
az
a. avoid Juan Pueblo

DiegoAld
b. visit Guayaquil
Vocabulary
c. take a photo of Juan Pueblo
humble. modest, don´t talk
about themselves in a good 3. Get into groups and talk about an icon from your cities. Does it have
way something in common with Juan Pueblo? If so, what are the similar
features? If not, what makes them different from each other? Brainstorm
hardworking. good at working as many ideas as you can. Then, share your ideas with the whole class.
productive
icon. person or thing that

represents something
important
10
Oral Communication
Have you ever heard of Kasama? Can you describe it or imagine what it is?
Let’s Go to Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas

1. Listen to the conversation between two people.
Audio
2. Before listening to the conversation, answer the following questions.
Make sure to answer these questions using the present continuous,
then share your answers with your partners.
a. What is the name of the party where Fran and David are?
b. Where is the party being held?
c. It is a traditional party for what group of Ecuadorians?
3. Now, listen to the conversation and answer these questions in your own Listen and look for words in
words. native Ecuadorian languages.
Find their meanings in English.
a. What does Kasama mean?
b. Who celebrates this traditional festivity?
c. Is Spanish the only language spoken in Ecuador? What other

languages are spoken in Ecuador?
4. Imagine a similar situation with you and a friend. Write a short dialogue
of 10 lines related to an unknown cultural aspect of Ecuador. Practice
and perform it in front of the class.
Value: Interculturality
English is fun and useful, but

in Ecuador people speak more
languages than just Spanish

and Kichwa. Those languages
are part of our history and
identity.

11
Reading
What do you know about the All Souls Day celebrated in Ecuador.
Ecuador’s All Souls Day

Culture 1. Read this article about Ecuador’s All Souls Day.
All Souls Day is a day to

Ecuador’s All Souls Day is a traditional holiday that is celebrated
remember our loved ones.
on November 2nd. Families get together at cemeteries to spend time
There are many traditions
with their beloved ones who passed away. How? Basically, what they do
around the world. People
is bring two culinary traditions: guaguas de pan and colada morada.
organize festivals, prepare
Guaguas de pan is bread baked in the shape of sort of dough babies
special food, and tell tales.
decorated with colorful toppings. Colada morada is a traditional hot
This is an important holiday beverage cooked with strawberries and some other spices. The point
in Latin America. is to share the food with the beloved ones who are gone by leaving
the food next to their graves. The tradition says that dead people eat
the food at night, when no one is at the cemetery.
2. Answer the following questions in your own words based on the reading.
a. What do Ecuadorians usually do for All Souls Day?
b. What kind of food is prepared for All Souls Day?

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3. Do you celebrate the All Souls Day? If so, what do you usually do on that
day? If not, what do you do instead? Write down and then share your
answers with your partners.
Vocabulary
DiegoAldaz
cemetery. place for dead

people
toppings. small food items

to add color and flavor
on top of another food
such as cakes and pizzas
12
Writing
What is your favorite holiday? Explain what you like about it.
We All Like Holidays!
1. Imagine you are writing a paragraph about your favorite holiday or day
of the year. The questions to be answered are:
a. What is your favorite holiday or day of the year?
b. What activities do you usually do on that day?
c. Who do you spend your time with?
Take the following paragraph as an example. Make sure to focus

on the adverbs of frequency that are underlined.
My favorite holiday is Carnival because I always play fun games

with my family. I am never alone during Carnival. We usually visit
Guaranda during this holiday. My family and I often play Carnival
Pixabay / D_Fenix249
by throwing carioca, which is a colorful foam, at each other.
We never use or waste water. However, the carioca cans are bad
for the environment so we don´t use a lot.

2. Now, it is your turn! Use your own information, be sure to use adverbs
of frequency:
a. What is your holiday or day of the year?
b. What activities do you usually on that day?
c. Who do you spend your time with?

Grammar Tip
Adverbs of frequency.
They are placed before

the verb. The only exception
is the verb “to be”, so adverbs
of frequency are placed after

“TO BE”.
For instance:
• I always pay attention in class.
• I am never late.
3. Investigate other holidays in Ecuador and complete the chart.
100% always
Date Holiday Activity 90-80% usually
People usually make 70-60% often

January 1st New Year
promises.
50% sometimes
40-30% seldom
20-10% rarely
0% never
13
Assessment
Speaking
1 Interview a classmate about different festivities. Ask

them the following questions and create two of your
own. Take notes.
a. What do you usually do for Christmas?
b. How can you make new friends in parties?
Pixabay / dassel

c. Which holidays do you celebrate with your

family?
d. What’s your favorite holiday? Why?
Listening
Share with the class. 3 Answer if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).
a. Henry doesn’t celebrate Halloween

2 Describe the pictures of events. Write about who in his country.
is in the picture, where they are and what they are b. Jack-o-lanterns are a dessert.
doing.
c. Students are organizing the party
at the school.
d. Children ask for candies.
4 Match the pictures with the activities people do in

Halloween. Write the letters next to the correct
pictures.
Pixabay / dimitrisvetsikas
a. make different kind of cakes.
b. decorate pumpkins.
c. use costumes in parties.
d. buy candies.
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14
Assessment What holidays do you celebrate?
Reading Writing
1 Read this email: 2 Write Paul an email answering his questions
Say:
• how many languages are there in Ecuador.
• how many languages of them you can speak.
Write between 30-35 words.

From: Paul
To: (your name)
Subject: Languages in Ecuador From:

To:
Hi there,
Subject: Languages in Ecuador

teacher asked me to write an essay about the
number of languages Ecuador has, so I have
a couple of questions for you. How many
languages are there in Ecuador? How many of
them can you speak?

winter.
See you soon,

Paul.
Pixabay / Kurious

I can talk about Christmas traditions.
I can use adverbs of frequency when describing activities.

I can write an invitation.
I can talk about national and international holidays.
15
Project 1
Your Own Traditional Festival
Let’s find out how creative you and your classmates are.
Step 1
• Get into groups of four students. Brainstorm some ideas on what makes
a good event and write some notes on the lines below:
Step 2
• Come to an agreement with each other on the features your traditional

event will have. Tell your teacher about your final decision.
Step 3
• Prepare a 10-minute oral presentation with pictures, to explain what your

traditional event would look like.
Don’t forget to use all the new vocabulary you have learned so far.
Step 4
• Once all the presentations are over, compare your own traditional event
with your classmates’ proposals. Do they have a lot in common? Yes/No,
why?
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16
Let's Review
Vocabulary
1 Complete these sentences. Write do or make. Use
simple past.
a. My uncle a great plan for
our Christmas party last year.
b. My classmates English
homework at library yesterday.
c. I exercise with my cousins last
week.
d. My mom and I a delicious
dinner last night.
Reading
2 Read about a birthday celebration.
My birthday is on December
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29th, and my family always
organises a great celebration.
Last year was the best. Grammar
My mom made ceviche,
4 Complete the sentences with the correct adverb
but she didn’t prepare
of frequency.
a cake. She knows I love
seafood and I hate sweets.
My best friend, Micaela, always never sometimes
called my friends from high
school and they organized
a. I really love birthdays, so I
a surprise party. It wasn’t big,
celebrate mine with a big party.
but we enjoyed ourselves.
My cousin, Roberto, b. I don’t believe in ghost and things like that,
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downloaded some good so I celebrate Halloween.

music, and we danced all
night. It was a night c. I enjoy holidays, but I don’t travel a lot.
to remember. I go to the beach.
-Leo
3 Write if the sentences are True(T) or False(F):
a. There was cake at the party.
b. They ate seafood.
c. It was a huge party.

d. They had a good time.

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17
Lesson C
What are your favorite places to visit on vacation?
Favorite Destinations
Culture 1. Read this article about vacation.
Vacation is a great time

to explore new cities and have The truth is many Ecuadorian people go to the beach on vacation.
new experiences. People travel Is that true for you too? If so, there are some must-have travel items
to a lot of places. Each city has you need to bring every time no matter where you go. In light of the
its must-do to visit, eat or see. fact that the UV (ultraviolet) radiation is so high, you must bring
Most Ecuadorian people prefer sunscreen protection cream in order to protect your skin. Make sure it
going to the beach. is waterproof! Another essential is a pair of sunglasses. Furthermore,
and probably the most important essential is to bring a bottle of water
in your backpack. Last but not least, you must have your personal
hygiene kit that has to include a small roll-on deodorant, hairbrush,
small tube of toothpaste, mini shampoo bottle and a small first aid kit.


a. Where do Ecuadorian people usually go on vacation?
b. What is something you should never forget when going to the beach?
3. Work in pairs. Ask your partner the question below. Make sure to write
down their ideas.
Where do you usually go on vacation? What do you think people must

bring when traveling?
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4. Look at the pictures. Write one of the words below the picture it matches.
scissors band – aid pocket mirror fire extinguisher
Vocabulary
destination. the place

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you go yo when you travel
first aid kit. emergency

medical supplies
18
Oral Communication
Do you have any plans for your next vacation? Is it important to plan or not?
A German in Ecuador!
1. Listen to Daniel and Norma talk, then decide whether the following
a. Daniel is from Germany.
b. Norma is from Ecuador.
c. Germans prepare their vacation ahead of time.
d. Ecuadorians leave plans for the last minute.
a. How do Germans plan for their vacation?
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b. Do you think it is important to plan before going on vacation?
Yes/No? Why? Share your answer with your classmate next to you
and talk about it.

Do you have any plans for
your vacation? Is it important
to plan or not?
Value: Environmental care
You can use expressions like “We must protect our environment”
or “We have to keep our environment clean and protected when going
to the beach and everywhere else”. Remember to protect the planet, it’s
the only one we have.
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Vocabulary
long time no see. means

Grammar Tip I haven’t seen you for a long
time
Both modal verbs: “have to” and “must” express necessity.
budget. plan for use of money
19
Reading
Would you like to do and see if you could visit Japan?
Japan!
Do you take responsibility
of all the garbage you create?
1. Read this article about tourism in Japan.
If so, what do you usually do?
If not, what do you promise
to do from now own on?
Japan is definitely one of my favorite places in the entire world! It is
Make a list below. Share your
answers with your partners.
just amazing the way people keep every city so clean. For this reason,
I think it sets a perfect example for every country regarding public
cleanliness. Having a culture of cleanliness requires the following:
1
- You have to take responsability for your own mess. Don’t expect
others to take care of any garbage you create. So, you must have
your own garbage bag all the time.
- No street cleaners! Japanese people sweep up around their house or
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place of employment every morning.
2 - As a Japanese citizen, you are expected to join community clean-

ups. By doing that, you and your neighbors help each other while
tidying up the surroundings.
2. Decide whether the following statements are True(T) or False(F).
a. Japan has a culture of cleanliness.
b. A Japanese citizen sweeps up around their house.
c. Japanese neighbors help each other when cleaning.
d. In Japan, you have to take care of the garbage you create.
3. Answer the following questions in your own words based on the

reading.
a. Why is Japan so clean?

Vocabulary

mess. unorganized, messy
tidy up. putting things in b. What does having a culture of cleanliness involve?
order, organize things

surroundings. all around
an area
20
Writing
What are some of your favorite place to travel?
Trip Advisor
1. Imagine you are writing a paragraph with advice for tourists who want
to visit your city. Your paragraph is expected to include the following
information:
• What is the best time of the year to visit your city?
• What are some precautions tourists need to consider?
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• What do visitors need to pack?
2. Take the following paragraph as an example. Make sure to focus on the

modal verbs that are underlined.
In your notebook, prepare

Tourists should visit my city in December because of the
an oral presentation about
traditional festivities that take place. In addition, tourists must take your paragraph. During
some precautions. They have to avoid using their smart phones your presentation, you may
in public places. In addition they must bring a bottle of water and ask some questions just to
sunblock lotion no matter where they go. check if everyone is paying
attention.
Now, it is your turn! Use your own information, be sure to use modal
verbs.
•
Grammar Tip
•
Modal verbs: They are always
• followed by the base form
of the verb.
For instance:
3. Once you are done, hand your book to your classmate and take
theirs. Check your classmate’s email by providing feedback, on how • I have to carry my passport
to improve the email itself. Check to see they answered all the questions. all the time.
Then, return the books. Improve your email by following your partner’s • I must take precautions
suggestions. in order to travel safe.
Remember: The modal
verb “have to” changes its
conjugation into “has to” when
it comes to third singular
persons: He, she and it.
For example:
He has to get a special vaccine
for traveling to the Amazon

Pixabay / tookapic
rainforest.
21
Have you ever seen the TV show “Ecuatorianos en el Mundo”?
Galo Arellano
1. Read this biography about Galo Arellano.
Galo Arellano is an Ecuadorian journalist who was born

in Quito, but currently lives in the USA. He moved to the USA
when he was 18 years old and since then he has always wanted to be
a reporter. He never knew his dream would come true. Nowadays,
he is famous because of the TV Program called “Ecuatorianos en
el Mundo”. As a matter of fact, his work was so good that he was
nominated twice for an Emmy Award in the Outstanding Newscast
Category. Overall, the most interesting thing about “Ecuatorianos en el
Mundo” has to do with the fact that you get to see how all Ecuadorians
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fight for their dreams abroad and it encourages people to give it a try.
So, why don’t you go abroad and find new horizons?

• Galo Arellano is from:
a. The USA b. Quito c. Spain
• Galo Arellano was nominated for:
a. The Academy b. The Grammy c. The Emmy

Award Award Award
• He moved to the USA when he was:
a. 28 years old b. 18 years old c. 38 years old
3. According to the reading, what makes “Ecuatorianos en el mundo”

special for Ecuadorians?
4. Get into groups and talk about a similar TV Show that inspires
Ecuadorian people. Does it have something in common with
“Ecuatorianos en el mundo”? Brainstorm as many ideas as you can.
Then, share your ideas with the whole class.
Vocabulary
outstanding. exceptional
abroad. outside your own

country
22
Oral Communication
In which part of the world is Germany?
Hallo from Germany
1. Listen to the conversation between Daniel and Norma.

Audio
2. Now, listen to the conversation and answer these questions in your own Listen to the dialogue.
words.
a. What does “hallo” mean in English?

b. What is a Eurail pass?

Pixabay / Karlheinz Pape

c. Describe the way you get on a train in Germany. Is it the same

as traveling in Ecuador?

3. What do you think about the Ecuadorian transportation system? Come

up with some suggestions to improve the transportation system in your
city. Share your opinions with your partners.
Create a similar conversation.

3 Use the expression “anything
else” to ask for more
information.
4. Match the sentences with the pictures. Write the letters.

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a. Using trains is the best way to travel.

b. You need to buy a Eurail pass.
c. You have to wait until the passengers get off.
d. Buses are not popular in Europe.
23
Lesson D
What are some of your feelings on New Year’s Eve?
New Year’s Eve

Culture
1. Read this article about New Year’s Eve.
New Year’s Eve is a great
time because, in the whole
world, people have parties Welcoming the New Year is an important event. However,
and different celebrations in Ecuador, people used to do many things which make this celebration
to welcome the year. The unique. Some traditions used to be different, but the general idea is the
party starts on December 31st, same. A well-known Ecuadorian tradition is to burn dolls (monigotes)
and the first day of the year at midnight. They represent all the bad moments of the old year, and it is
is January 1st. Different a good luck symbol for the New Year.
traditions worldwide make Also, men dress like women, and they are “widows” of the old year.
this day special. They dance in the streets and ask for pennies. People have parties with
friends and family. Many years ago, families met together, and they
listened to the New Year’s count down on a radio station called “Radio
Tarqui”. After that, they made promises and, of course, they danced
and talked in houses or streets. New Year is a huge celebration,
Correct these sentences from and people make dinner and have a toast.
the reading. Many years ago:
In the rest of the world, people organize huge celebrations in the
a. people watched TV. streets, and the count down is on main streets. For example, in New
York, people can count down until midnight at Times Square.
•

•
2. Read the article. Answer the questions.
b. people didn’t make
promises. a. What is an important tradition in Ecuador on New Year’s Eve?
•

•

c. people didn’t dance
in the streets.
b. How do some men celebrate New Year? Use your own words to explain.
•

•
d. people only ate snacks.
•
c. What did families use to do years ago on New Year?
•

Vocabulary
count down. from 10 down

d. What happens in New York on New Year´s eve?
to 0,10-9-8-7-etc.

toast. when everyone
drinks together in honor
of something or someone

24
Oral Communication
Who in your family tells the best stories?
Family Anecdotes
Audio
1. Listen to the conversation between Bob and his grandma. Complete Listen to the dialogue.
the sentences with one word.
a. Granny is talking about stories.
b. Bob’s dad and aunt used to climb .
c. Granny’s sister bought for New Year.
d. Bob’s family used to listen to the on the radio.
2. Listen to the conversation again. Complete the phrases Bob uses

to express surprise.
a. Bob: ? That’s a surprise.
b. Bob: ? He’s always telling

me to share.
3. Complete the questions. Use one verb from the box. Ask them to your
friend. Use “did” in the questions since they are in the past.
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get eat do celebrate
a. you turkey when you were a kid?
b. Where you your last birthday? Value: Empathy
An excellent way of being

c. your family together in holidays? empathetic is to listen to your
family. Your relatives or your
close friends will always be
there for you to help you.
d. What your family for New Year’s
You can learn a lot when
dinner last year? you listen to other people’s
anecdotes or experiences.
Grammar Tip
Simple past
Auxiliar:
• Negative sentences: didn’t (verb doesn’t change)
Example: I didn’t celebrate my birthday yesterday.
• Questions: did (verb doesn’t change)
Example: Did you celebrate your birthday? Vocabulary

• Short answers: did, didn’t
anecdote. a short story told
• Example: Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
to a group
25
Reading
Do you know any of your relative’s childhood memories?
Are You Kidding Dad?

Read the anecdote. Write
numbers 1-4 to put the events 1. Read the blog about Bob’s father´s childhood memory.
in the order they happened
in the story. Yes! That’s what my son, Bob, said when I told him one of my best
a. Erick’s cousin was childhood memories. I was a mischievous boy. I loved to play with
afraid. my sister Lucy; she is two years younger than me.
b. Erick and his My favorite childhood memory was many years ago, when
cousins ate grapes. I was eight years old, and my sister was six. It was the New Year’s
celebration and all my family got together to celebrate. One of my
c. Erick didn’t drink
family’s traditions is eating twelve grapes at night. I wanted to compete
water.
with my cousins and my sister, so I told them – “If you eat twelve grapes
d. Erick’s family met in a minute, I will give you one of my toys.” They accepted, and we started
to celebrate the New Year. to eat. Suddenly, a grape got stuck in my throat, and my cousin got scared.
They didn’t know what to do. Then, my sister gave me a glass of water,
but it wasn’t water. It was champagne! -Luckily I didn’t get drunk. Finally,
I learned to share my toys.
Erick
2. Match the pictures and the sentences. Write the letters next to the correct
pictures.
a. Last Friday, the party started at midnight.

b. I used to love grapes when I was a child.
c. My best friend enjoyed the celebrations and parties.
d. Everybody drank champagne at the party.
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3. Complete the questions with one word from the box. Use simple past.
Interview a friend about his/her last New Year’s Eve.
make travel burn eat meet
a. you to another city?
b. Who you at the party?

Vocabulary c. What you ?
get drunk. drink too much d. you a doll?

alcohol
e. you a toast?
26
Writing
What is a good story about one of your favorite holidays?
Holiday Anecdotes
Grammar Tip
An anecdote is a story you tell Use connectors:
anyone about something funny
or sad that happened to you some • To start: First,
time ago. You can include as • To continue: Then,
many details as you like. After a while, Suddenly
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• To finish: Finally,
1. Think about your favorite holiday. Now, you are going to write
Remember:
an anecdote that happened to you on your last holiday. You can follow
• You use a comma (,) after
the model from the reading on the previous page. Follow these steps:
each connector First,
Write something
Title: What a trip!
fun
Intro: Last holiday, I went to Montañita Say where and
with my friends from high when you went,
school. It was on May 24th. and with who.
Body: All my friends wanted to go Tell the story –
dancing, so we decided don’t forget
to look for a nice place. to use connectors.
After a while, we found a good
disco. The music was excellent,
and we entered. Suddenly,
my friend, Vicky, fell and she
shouted. Then, we helped her.
Conclusion: Finally, she was ok. We stopped Finish the story.

laughing at her, and we danced
all night.
2. Write your anecdote.
Introduction
3
Conclusion
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27
Did you know that China celebrates New Year on January 25th? Why is that?
Chinese New Year

1. Read this article about Chinese New Year.
People also know Chinese New Year as Spring Festival.

It sets the beginning of New Moon Festivals in Asia. This is a huge
celebration where everybody wears red clothes and accessories. Also,
families get together to have a big dinner. There are parades all over
the main cities, and the symbol is the dragon. There are also some
warriors.
The festival was originally a day to honor Chinese ancestors.
The legend says that a giant beast called Nian entered the houses at
midnight to eat people. But an ethnic group whose name was Yan
Huang, used to be with people to defeat Nian. Eventually, they
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discovered that the beast came once a year, and it was afraid of red
colors, lights, fire, and noise. They started to celebrate this festival
as a way of self-defense from the beast. This is a legend, but nowadays
it is a common story to tell on that day; especially for children.
Interview your partner.

a. How much you know
about the legend behind
this celebration? 2. Choose the correct answer.
• • What’s the name of the Chinese festival?
• a. Lunar New Year Festival
• b. Asian Festival
• c. Spring
•
• What’s the main symbol of this celebration?
b. What parts of the Chinese
New Year celebration
would you enjoy? a. dragon
• b. deities
• c. soldiers
•
3. Read the article again. Say if the sentences are True (T) or False (F).
•
a. People use red things like T-shirt, dresses, hats.
•
b. This celebration was to honor a monster.
Vocabulary c. Nian was a beast which ate families.

huge: big
d. The beast appeared all year.
warrior. soldier
e. Parents tell their children this legend.
beast. large, dangerous
animal
28
Oral Communication
Art
What traditions did your grandparents used to do on New Years?
Old Traditions
1. Listen to the dialogue. Complete the chart with the things Granny’s
family used to do in New Year. Audio
Activity
Granny’s mom
Granny’s dad
Granny’s grandma
Granny’s aunt
Talk to your partner about
the New Year superstitions
you know and their meanings.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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2. Listen to the dialogue again. Match the New Year superstitions with
their meaning. There’s one extra meaning.
a. love
Midnight mass:
b. avoid sadness
Coins:
c. luck Vocabulary
Throw water
purse. a small case for coins

d. health
Eat lentils: mass. religious celebration
e. wealth avoid. eliminate
29
Assessment
Speaking Listening
1 Interview a classmate about different festivities. Ask 3 Listen to the conversation between two people
them the following questions and create two of your talking about Carnival holiday. What did Peter do
own. Take notes. on Carnival?
a. What is your favorite holiday activity? 4 Number the pictures from 1 to 5 in the order they
happened.
b. When did you last celebrate

an international holiday?
c. What did you used to do for Christmas when

you were a child?
d. What are popular destinations to visit in your

city during a holiday?
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e.
f.
2 These pictures are about the Thompson family

celebrating Christmas in 2012 and 2019. Describe 5 Listen again. Complete the sentences from the
and compare the pictures. How are they the same dialogue.
and different?
a. I with some friends from
high school and my parents.
2012 b. Yeah, but my dad with me.
c. We to Manta.
d. The weather warm.
e. We there one day.

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2019
Pixabay / alejomiranda
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30
Assessment What holidays do you celebrate?
Reading Writing
1 Read this email: 2 Write Mike an email. Answer his questions.
a. Write about
- the essential things needed to go to the beach
in Ecuador.
b. Write between 30-35 words.
From: Mike
To: (your name)
Subject: Essential things to pack

From:

To:
Hi there,
How are you doing? I hope all is well. My Subject: Essential things to pack
teacher asked me to write an essay about the
essential things I have to pack for holiday.
As you know, I go to Ecuador for holiday in
December. Next time, I am planning to go to
the beach. What essential things am I supposed
to pack?
December.
See you soon,

Mike.
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I can talk about vacation destinations.

I can write an email giving advice to tourists.
I can talk about new year’s traditions.
I can tell a story.
31
Project 2
All You Need Is Cleanliness
Let’s take care of our environment!
Step 1
• Get into groups of four students. Brainstorm some reasons why there is so
much pollution on Ecuadorian beaches after a typical holiday. Write some
notes on the lines below:
1.
2.
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3.
4.
Step 2
• Brainstorm again and come to an agreement with each other on some

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possible solutions on how to keep our beaches clean. Remember to come up

with a solution for each problem listed in the previous step.
Step 3
• Prepare a 10-minute oral presentation with pictures to explain what your

solutions are.
Don’t forget to use all the new vocabulary you have learned so far,
especially modals like have to.
Step 4
• Once all the presentations are over, compare your solutions with your
classmates’ proposals. Do they have a lot in common? Yes/no, why?
Step 5
• Finally, decide on the best solution as a group. Make a presentation

in your class.
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32
English Are we taking care
Pedagogical Module 3 of our planet?
Ninth Grade EGB
Comparatives
and superlatives 4
Natural disasters: causes
5 and consequences
Sc
ie
nc
Future tenses: will,
3
e
going to, continuous Deal with
6 an emergency
Ci
vic
s
isshh
Simple past &

2
glli
Present perfect 7
an
Ernest Hemingway
g
La Lite
Enn
d
ng ra
E
ua tur
Our World
ge e
8 Famous paintings
Imperatives 1
Ar
t
Values
Values
Democratic Human Natural environment

12 participation 11 mobility 10 Responsibility 9 conservation
Our world, our home

This is our world, our home, and the only one we People also need information about natural disasters
have. It’s everybody’s responsibility to take care to face them. Communities need an emergency plan
of it. To protect the environment, people have to because it can save lives, and it is also interesting to plan
know everything about it, so it’s essential to recycle. one. If people join to organize these kind of projects,
Remember to use cloth bags instead of plastic bags. everybody can learn something new. Prevention is the
best way to protect people.
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• What can you do to protect our environment?
• What do you know about recycling?
1
Lesson A
What superstitions do people have in your community?
Incas and Natural Disasters

Culture
1. Read this article about the Inca Empire.
In some cultures, natural
disasters and weather are related Many years ago, during the Inca Empire, the emperor thought that
to a belief or a superstition, natural disasters - like earthquakes and floods - were messages from
which can mean something the earth, angry messages because of all the destruction they caused.
positive or negative in a The Emperor wasn’t calm, he was extremely scared. People had a plan
community’s life. Many years to face these disasters. The emperor and the priest offered ceremonies.
ago, our ancestors strongly In those ceremonies, they killed little children and animals as a gift
believed that a natural disaster to relieve the earth's anger to avoid natural disasters. They didn’t use to
was a sign of punishment choose young women. Children and animals were considered “pure.”
because people had done People strongly believed that this ceremony helped them with their
something bad. crops, and Mother Earth blessed them during the year. This is one of
the main reasons why Mother Earth was one of the deities for Incas
and the Andean region in general. Every season they had religious
ceremonies with sacrifices.
2. Choose if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).
a. Natural disasters were peaceful messages.
b. People didn’t have a plan for earthquakes.
c. They assassinated women in ceremonies.
d. Sacrifices were like presents for the Earth.
e. They had ceremonies every year.
3. Answer the questions with your own words:
a. Why was the Inca Emperor afraid of natural disasters?

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b. What were the two main natural disasters Incas had to face?
c. What did priests sacrifice in religious ceremonies?
d. How did people think sacrifices would help them?

Vocabulary
crops. cultivated plant e. What do you think about these ceremonies?

to face. deal with something
2
Oral Communication
What do you know about earthquakes in Japan?
Breaking News in Japan

1. Listen to a radio broadcast about an earthquake in Japan.
Audio
2. Complete the chart. What's happening in each place? Listen to the dialogue.
City Refuge
3. Listen to the conversation again and complete the dialogue.
a. The rescue team that there are

about a thousand injured people.
b. This the largest earthquake in Japan.
c. Rescue teams from all over the world

.
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d. The school’s principal some parents
to inform about their children.
e. The whole school community already

a plan in these cases, and everything
all right.
4. Answer these questions. Ask your partner.
a. What’s the worst part of an earthquake?
b. What advice can you give people who face an earthquake?

Vocabulary
supplies. food and other goods

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refuge. shelter
3
Reading
Science
What different types of natural disasters are there?
Types of Natural Disasters

Value: Natural environment
conservation 1. Read this article about natural disasters.
Take care of the environment. A natural disaster is an event, it’s a natural process of the Earth.
During summer, make sure The most common are:
you don’t throw garbage Floods: This natural disaster is the most common on the coasts
in green areas, especially of the USA. The heaviest rains cause this, and as a result the cities
glass bottles. They can cause or villages get full of water.
a forest fire and are very
dangerous. If you go camping, Earthquakes: These have caused the a lot of damage in many
take your garbage with you countries. It happens when the ground shakes. Japan has the highest rate
when you leave. It’s good for of earthquakes.
the planet. Hurricanes: It is the strongest storm with a violent wind. They are
very common in Florida, USA and the Caribbean.
Wildfires: A huge fire which destroys a great area of land, especially
in forests and green areas. In summer, it is the most dangerous disaster
for wildlife and people.
Grammar Tip
Drought: It is a long period of time when it doesn’t rain at all.
This causes people to lose their crops, and it causes hunger.
Superlatives
General Rules: 2. Match the picture and the sentences.
• One syllable: add “-est”
The longest.
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• Two or more syllables: add
“most”
The most dangerous.
• Adjectives ending in “-y”:
change to i and add “-est”
The happiest. a. The longest drought was in the Atacama desert in Chile.
b. The worst earthquake was in Japan in 2011.
c. The biggest flood was in the USA in 2005.
d. The most dangerous hurricane was in Mexico.
e. The most recent wildfire was in Portugal.
3. Complete the questions with one word. The first letter is there. Use
superlative adjectives.
a. What was the most d earthquake in America?

Vocabulary b. When was the l drought in your city?
huge. extremely big c. Where was the w hurricane in America?
land. geographic area 4. Ask your partner the questions in the previous activity.
4
Writing
What can you do to prepare for a natural disaster?
Tips and Recommendations

Grammar Tip
1. Let’s write a recommendation with some tips in case of a natural disaster.
You can write recommendations in blogs. You can use imperative forms
to give advice. Imperatives
2. Read this blog entry.
are commands or orders.
Use imperatives to:
What to do in case of a natural disaster? • Give orders
The last earthquake in Japan was extremely dangerous, but luckily, Be quiet.
people knew what to do, and they followed a plan. These are some Sit down.
tips you can follow in case of an earthquake: Come here.
• Be calm. Don’t run and shout because because it makes things • Give advice
worse, people can be more afraid. Have a plan.
• Keep away from windows. You can get hurt. Call your parents.
• Find a safe place. Organize with your community a safe place Be careful.
to meet.
• Give instructions
• Have a first aid kit. This could be the most useful thing that
Open your book.
you have.
Close the window.
A natural disaster can be the most dangerous event people can Don’t do that.
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face; just remember to be calm and have a plan.

Imperatives are easy.
For negative, add don’t.
3. Answer these questions:
a. What are some natural disasters that people have to face in Ecuador?
b. Do people have an emergency plan in case of them?
4. Write recommendations for a blog. What to do before and during

a natural disaster?
3
5
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5
Who usually helps in a natural disaster?
Topos de Tlatelolco, the Real Heroes

1. Read this biography about Topos de Tlatelolco.
The rescue team Topos de Tlatelolco is a Mexican group of people

who help people in case of natural disasters in Mexico or any part
of the world. They work for free, so they are a non-profit organization
created in Mexico. The organization started when the most terrible
earthquake happened in the capital of Mexico on September 19, 1985.
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Nowadays, there are about two hundred volunteers - including rescue

dogs- and every year it’s a bigger group.
They say it’s easier to help in an emergency with a big group than
with a small one. Each year, they train volunteers to be part of this
Grammar Tip team. They are all professional and willing to help. Some volunteers
say they feel satisfied when they collaborate in a rescue mission. They
Comparatives: look for people under destroyed buildings, give survivors emotional
When you compare two support, and provide food.
things. This non-profit organization can travel from one place to another
General Rules: faster than before because they have some help from the Mexican
government.
• One syllable: add “-er” longer
• Two or more syllables:
add “more”
2. Complete the sentences about the reading. Choose one word from
more dangerous the box.
• Adjectives ending in “-y”:
change to “-i” and add “-er” non-profit rescue program volunteers
happier
a. Topos de Tlatelolco is a team.
b. This is a Mexican organization.
c. and dogs are part of the team.
d. This rescue group has a training for new volunteers.
Value: Human mobility

3. Answer these questions with your own words.
There are a lot of people
a. How did this organization start?
in the world willing to help
others without regard for their
nationality. Be respectful with
everybody, someday they can b. How many people are in this group?
give a hand.
c. What do they do to help people in an emergency?

Vocabulary
d. Do you know about other rescue teams?
non-profit. work for free
6
Oral Communication
Civics
What is your plan in the event of an emergency?
Let’s Organize a Plan

1. After listening to the audio, check the things Japanese children learn
in school about natural disasters. Audio
Read on the internet
Evacuation drills
Learn about natural disasters
Learn first aid techniques
Organize an emergency plan
2. Choose if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).
a. Children in Japan were injured.
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b. Schools in Japan have an emergency plan.
c. Children rarely do evacuation drills.
3. Match the pictures and the sentences in the previous activity. Write
the letters next to the pictures.
a. Some people
got injured
in the accident.
b. My mom bought
a first aid kit for
my brother and me.
c. We need an
emergency plan
at school.
d. We need to be ready
for an evacuation drill.
Vocabulary
evacuation drill. practice

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in case of an emergency
7
Lesson B
What is the weather like in your city?
How is the Weather?

Culture
1. Read this article about the weather in Quito.
How to dress for Quito,
Ecuador? Since the weather is Until the 2000s, Quito and Ecuador in general used to have predictable
so unpredictable, what do you weather in light of the fact that the two constant seasons, summer
think people who visit Quito (also known as dry season) and winter (also known as wet season),
for the first time should know never happened at the same time. However, in the last few years, people
regarding clothing? in Quito don’t know what to wear, due to the fact that you never know
This unpredictability is whether it is going to be chilly or sunny. Regardless of where you are
because of changes in the and what the weather looks like, take into account that Quito is still
atmosphere. Some of them a conservative city; therefore, it is socially acceptable to dress fairly formal
are because of deforestation. and carry a light coat with you. People also say it is a good idea to carry
a small umbrella just in case.

a. How was the weather in Quito and Ecuador in general back in the
2000s?
b. How has been the weather lately?
3. Pair up and ask you partner the question below. Make sure to write down
their ideas.
What do you wear during the week? What do you think people should
Value: Responsibility always carry due to the unpredictable weather? Why has this climate
change happened?
Before blaming others for
the climate change, accept
your moral responsibility for it,
and do something about it!
Vocabulary
conservative. resistant
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to be changed or modified
8
Oral Communication
How conservative are people in your city? What do you think about it?
Grandma Was Right

1. Listen to Felicia and Kimberly talk and decide whether the following
a. Kimberly is a teenager.
b. Felicia knows the weather has changed.
c. Kimberly humbly accepts her grandma’s suggestions.
d. It was sunny all the time

a. Complete the sentence below with information from the audio.
Kimberly is wearing… Felicia suggests that Value: Responsibility

Kimberly take…
It takes a strong person to say
sorry; however, it goes two
ways, for it takes a stronger
person to forgive. Take
responsibility for your actions.
b. How can you describe Kimberly’s personality at the beginning
of the conversation? Do you agree with her behavior?
c. Do you think it is easy or difficult to apologize? What does it take to

make an apology? Be honest. What steps do you think are involved?
Vocabulary
jumper. sweater
It’s raining cats and dogs.

to rain heavily
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wisdom. to be wise
9
Have you ever heard of Ernest Hemingway? What do you know about him?
Ernest Hemingway
1. Read this biography about Ernest Hemingway.
It’s not new that the weather has inspired great masterpieces
like songs, books and paintings. Ernest Hemingway’s masterpieces
are some of these examples. He won The Nobel Prize in Literature
in 1954. He was born in Illinois and was very famous for novels
such as ‘The Old Man and the Sea’, ‘The Sun Also Rises’, ‘A Farewell
Pixabay / Antonio Salgueiro
to Arms’, ‘For Whom the Bell Tolls’, ‘The Nick Adams Stories’
and ‘To Have and Have not’. Interestingly, he wrote in the bedroom
of his house! Once in an interview, he said that rainy days inspired
him the most. He used to sit down in his house, and look through
the window… Ideas came to him, and the result was amazing literature
masterpieces. What about you? Do you have a diary or something like
that? Do you like writing when you are in your bedroom? Why don’t
you start writing on a daily basis? Maybe you could be the next Nobel
Prize winner.
• Ernest Hemingway won:
a. The Oscar b. The Nobel c. The Emmy

Award Prize Award
• Ernest Hemingway was born in:
a. Toronto b. London c. Illinois
• Ernest Hemingway was a:
a. singer b. actor c. author
3. According to the reading, why did he win a Nobel Prize? Would you like
to win one? If so, what would be your book about? What do you think
you need to accomplish that goal?
Vocabulary
4. Get into groups and talk about a similar author. Does he or she have
masterpiece. an extremely something in common with Ernest Hemingway? If so, what are the similar
excellent piece of art, features? If not, what makes them different from each other? Brainstorm
particularly in literature as many ideas as you can. Then, share your ideas with the whole class.
and painting
on a daily basis. everyday
10
Oral Communication
Do you think you can reuse your old clothes and stay fashionable?
Getting Rid of Your Old Clothes?

1. Listen to the conversation between Kimberly and Alisha.
Audio
2. Now, listen to the conversation and answer these questions in your own Listen to the dialogue.
words.
a. What is the weather like?
b. What does “vintage style” refer to?
c. Describe Alisha’s initial attitude towards old clothing. Did she change
her mind? Why?
3. What do you think about the phrase “Don’t judge a book by its cover”?
Do you think it is related to the listening exercise? Answer the question
and then share your opinions with your partners.
4. What can you do if you see someone judging someone? Talk to your
partner and give some advice.
Vocabulary
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vintage. retro
11
Reading
How reliable do you think weather forecasts are?
Weather Forecast Reliability

1. Read this weather forecast.
Weather forecasting is a method to predict the weather. According

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to the BBC News, Admiral Robert FitzRoy created a way to predict

the weather in the 1860s. He was the first who used the word “forecast”
to refer to weather predictions. He was a sailor, and he observed
the clouds and bird’s behavior to predict rains.
However, in real life, everything said by forecasters does not always
It is a sunny day happen. There is proof that they are not always accurate. What they
present is not 100% accurate but around 80%. It is interesting that it
all started by using people’s naked eyes. In all honesty, people have
always used their eyes to predict the weather and it has surprisingly
worked out. So, next time you watch the weather forecast, don’t rely
on everything they say, be wise and take some precautions in case
the day turns out to be sunny, cloudy, rainy, stormy, windy, cold,
It is a cloudy day It is a rainy day snowy, foggy or hot. You never know.
2. Based on the reading, decide whether the following statements are

True(T) or False(F).
a. A sailor invented a way to predic rainy weather.

It is a stormy day It is a windy day
b. Weather forecasting has been scientifically proven.
c. Weather forecasting is always correct when predicting.
d. Some people use their naked eyes to predict the weather.
e. Always rely on everything forecasters say.

It is a cold day It is a snowy day
3. Answer the following questions in your own words.

a. How accurate is weather forecasting in your city?
It is a foggy day It is a hot day

b. Do you think forecasters are fully reliable?
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4. Do you like to talk about the weather? If so, do you think it is one of the
best ways to start out a conversation? If not, why? Share your answers
Vocabulary with your partners.
to predict. to say what will

happen in the furture
accurate. exact or precise
12
Writing
Has the weather been crazy in your city lately? Why?
Weather Blog
1. Write a paragraph about how crazy the weather is. Your paragraph
is expected to include the following information:
a. What was the weather like yesterday?
b. What has the weather been like lately?
Take the following paragraph as an example. Make sure to focus on the

present perfect that is in italics font and the simple past that is underlined.
Read this weather forecast.
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Yesterday, the weather was crazy because in the morning I enjoyed
a beautiful sunny day, but in the afternoon everything changed all of
the sudden. It started to rain and lasted for two to three long hours!
Lately, the weather has been so unpredictable, in the last five months
I have changed my outfit in the same day three times.
2. Now, it's your turn! Use your own information, be sure to use modal verbs.
Grammar Tip
Present perfect:
(have/has + verb in past
participle)
3. Once you are done, hand in your book to your classmate and give It is used to talk about recent
yours to your partner as well. Check your classmate’s paragraph by past events that are not
providing feedback. Make sure to verify your partner answers the finished. Therefore, the time
questions provided. Improve your paragraph by following your partner’s is unspecified. It is also used
suggestions. to talk about repeated actions
in the past until now, and,
as seen in the context of this
lesson, it is used to focus
on the change over time.
The time expressions that
are used are the following:
4. Prepare a five-minute presentation about your paragraph. During your
Today, this week, this year,
presentation, you may ask some questions to be sure everyone is paying
this year, so far, until now,
attention. recently, lately, already, since,
just, yet, ever, never, how long
(once, twice, three times, etc.)
Simple past: (verb in past
form: regular and irregular
verbs)
It is used to talk about
a specific finished event
in the past.
13
Assessment
Speaking
1 Interview a classmate about natural disasters and

weather. Ask them the following questions and create
two of your own. Take notes.
a. Do you have an emergency plan in case of an

earthquake?
b. What’s your favorite weather? Why?
c. What do you know about floods?
d. What do you usually do on a rainy day?
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e.
f.
Share with the class.
Writing
2 Compare these pictures about the weather. Use

comparatives to write about the pictures. Listening
3 Listen to people talk about activities they do on
rainy and sunny days.
4 Write (H) for Henry and (M) for Milena.
a. This person loves summer.
b. This person prepares food.

Pixabay / xusenru
c. This person takes a walk on cold days.

d. This person goes out with colleagues.
14
Assessment Are we taking care of our planet?
Writing
1 Read this email: 2 Write Paul an email. Answer his questions.
• Include the essential things needed to pack
regarding clothing.
• Write between 50-70 words.
From: Paul
To: (your name)
ecuadorian.friend.com
From:
Subject: Weather and packing checklist
To:
Hi there,
Subject: Weather and packing checklist
How are you doing? I hope all is well. As you
know, I am going to Ecuador for a holiday in
April. So, I am planning to go to Quito. In light
of the unpredictable weather, what essential
things am I supposed to pack regarding
clothing?
April.
See you soon,
Paul.
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I can talk about natural disasters and how to prevent them.
I can write a blog to advice about natural disasters.

I can talk about the weather.
I can write about the weather.
15
Project 1
Rain, Sun, Snow!
Let’s become weather forecasters!
Step 1
• Get into groups of four students. Brainstorm some ideas on how you can
make some weather predictions by using just your naked eyes and write
some notes on the lines below:
Step 2
• Come to an agreement with each other on the best way to predict the
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weather by using your naked eye. You can rely on elderly people's advice.
Step 3
• Prepare a 10-minute oral presentation with pictures, to explain the way

you predict the weather.
• Don’t forget to use all the new vocabulary you have learned so far,
especially the words related to the weather.
Step 4
• Once all the presentations are over, compare the ways you predict the
weather with your classmates’ proposals. Do they have a lot in common?
Yes/no, why?
Step 5
• Finally, decide on the best forecasters as a group. Make a video about it

and share it with your friends.
ik
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16
Let's Review
Vocabulary
1 Complete the sentences with one word from the c. What do people do in case of an emergency?
box. There is one extra word.
drill hurricane aid

flood evacuation d. What’s Karin’s last recommendation?
a. In case of an emergency, you should have your

first kit with you.
b. A is when there are heavy winds
and rain.
c. Everybody at school participated in the
emergency .
d. A is when there is a lot of water
from the sea or rivers in the city.
Reading
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2 Read about a birthday celebration.
Grammar
Hi! I’m Karin and I’m Colombian but I’ve Complete the sentences with simple past or present
4
lived in Chile since I was eight years old. In perfect. Choose one verb from the box.
my country, there are many earthquakes.
I’m sharing my experience with you, and
I'll give you some advice so that you can cook be rain (x2) play live
be prepared in case of an emergency.
In Chile, to face a natural disaster, we have
a plan to evacuate to safe zones. In each a. I born in Guayaquil, but I
neighborhood and school, we all know in Quito for ten years.
where to go in case of an earthquake.
Moreover, we have a backpack with b. My mom soup yesterday,
some necessary things including, water, it was delicious.
cans of food, medicine, lantern, blankets,
etc. Finally, the most important advice
c. My brother soccer for five
I can give you is to be calm and follow
the rescue team’s recommendations. years.
We know this is not predictable, but we
need to know what to do. d. The weather is cold these days. It
yesterday, it a lot lately.
3 Answer the questions.
a. Where is Karin from?
b. What happens all the time in Chile?

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17
Lesson C
Is there such a thing as a recycling culture in your city? Is recycling worth it?
Culture Recycling
1. Read this article about recycling.
In some countries in
the world, recycling is
mandatory. Even in schools, All around the world, recycling campaigns have been promoted
children learn how to recycle. to do something about pollution and global warming. However, despite
This good habit is not new, living under these circumstances, few countries have decided to recycle
but not everybody does it and some others have tried to, but all in all, there is a lot of work
because of many reasons. One to be done on that subject. For example, Ecuador has started to recycle
of them is lack of information metal junk and plastics, among other things. Nevertheless, few people
or interest. People used to take this matter seriously. On the other hand, there are other countries
waste a lot, and that is one of like Switzerland where recycling is a must and part of their culture.
the causes of pollution. It’s For example, waste sorting is seen everywhere you go in Switzerland.
easy to recycle and the planet
will be thankful.
Value: Natural environment

conservation
Pixabay / mohamed_hassan
Every time you finish drinking
a bottle of water, think carefully
of placing it in the correct place!
Remember, it is up to all of us
to take care of the planet we
all live on! Stop killing our
beautiful planet!
a. In general terms, is there such a thing as a recycling culture in Ecuador?
b. What has been done regarding recycling in Ecuador?
3. Pair up and ask you partner the question below. Make sure to write down
their ideas.
Vocabulary a. Do you recycle? If so, what do you recycle? Do you think people
should recycle? What can you do to make Ecuador a better place
on that subject. about
the particular topic to live by means of recycling?
18
Oral Communication
How conservative are people in your city? Give examples of people being conservative.
Oh Dear!
1. Listen to Miguel and Marco talk and decide whether the following
a. Miguel judges people.
b. Marco corrects his friend without hesitation.
c. Miguel will ask people to throw garbage in its place.
d. Marco will recycle as many plastic bottles as he can.

a. How can you describe Miguel's attitude at the beginning of the
conversation? Do you agree with his behavior?
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b. Do you find it is easy or difficult to ask people to be more organized Tip
when it comes to recycling and throwing the garbage in its place?
Why is it important? How should you explain the situation to them? How to ask for things politely?
Use modal verbs such as: could
and would.
For example:
Could you please give me that bottle?
Would you mind giving me that
bottle? (When you use this
structure, use a verb in “-ing”
form after the word mind).
Value: Democratic participation
In a democracy, citizens have the right to express themselves and their

desires. You can be an example in your community, by being organized
and doing what needs to be done. Being involved, is showing what is
important to you, and it influences others.
Vocabulary
to point the finger

at someone. to judge
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and accuse someone
to lead by example. to act

in the correct way, doing what
you say you will do
19
Reading
What does recycling involve? Is it possible to recycle anything?
Do you like recycle? If so, What on Earth Is Recycling?

what do you think is one 1. Read this article about recycling materials
of the best ways to start
recycling? If not, why?
Share your answers with The key to recycling has to do with sorting materials. Once they are
your partners. sorted, the idea is to turn them into new products. Therefore, from this
point of view, recycling keeps us from greenhouse gas emissions which
affect our planet dramatically. Now, one could wonder, is it possible
to recycle anything? In theory, it is possible, but in practice there are
some materials such as Styrofoam which is reduced to almost nothing
after being recycled. Consequently, there isn’t enough material left
to start making new products. Simply put, recycling these kind
of materials ends up being a waste of energy which goes against
the recycling principle itself. As it happens, recyclable materials can
include paper, plastic, aluminum, cardboard and glass. Overall, recycling
reduces the amount of waste accumulated in landfills.
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a. The key to recycling has to do with classifying materials.
b. The recycled materials are not used to make new products.
c. Theoretically speaking, anything is recyclable.
d. In practice, not everything is recyclable.
e. Styrofoam is a material that can be easily recyclable.
f. Paper, plastic, aluminum, cardboard cannot be recycled.
Vocabulary g. Waste in landfills is reduced thanks to recycling.
to sort. to classify 3. Answer the following questions in your own words.

to wonder. to ask yourself a. How many people recycle in your city?
styrofoam. foam
simply put. in other words

b. How does recycling help the environment?
cardboard. carton
landfill. waste disposal site
20
Writing
Why should beople be interested in recycling? How can they start?
Giving Advice on How to Recycle

Grammar Tip
1. Write a paragraph about how to recycle. Your paragraph is expected
to include the following information: Will: (will + verb in base form)
• What will you do in order to recycle? It is used to talk about the
future based on instant
• What materials are you going to recycle? decisions and promises.
2. Take the following paragraph as an example. Make sure to focus on the use Expressions such as “I think”
of will that is underlined and going to that is in italics. and “maybe” are commonly
used.
From now on, I will recycle plastic • I’ll go to the party with you.
bottles. It's a decision and a promise • She’ll come here as soon as
I'll keep for the rest of my life. In order possible.
to do this, I have to plan how I am going • They’ll bring the food and the
to do it. In August, I am going to start drinks.
college, and from the very first day
Notice that the modal “will”
of class, I am planning to keep every single
is the same for all the subject
plastic bottle I use daily in order to put it
pronouns.
the right recycling container. I will do it
for at least 8 days, so it becomes a habit. Going to: (going to + verb
I think, I will sell some plastic bottles too. in base form)
I will do my best to support and promote
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It is used to talk about future

recycling.
plans.
• I’m going to call you when
I get home.
Now, it is your turn! Use your own information, be sure to use modal • She’s going to travel abroad
verbs. next year.
• • We’re going to organize
a party.
•
Notice that the only verb
• that you congujate is the verb
to be.!
•
3. Once you are done, hand in your book to your classmate and give yours
to your partner as well. Check your classmate’s paragraph by providing
feedback, that is, opportunities to improve the paragraph itself. Make
sure to verify your partner answers the questions provided. Then,
return the books. Improve your paragraph by following your partner’s
suggestions.
Prepare a five-minute presentation about your paragraph. During your

presentation, you may ask some questions to make sure everyone
is paying attention.
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21
What do you think dumpster diving means?
Dumpster Diving
1. Read this article about dumpster diving.
As you could imagine, dumpster diving involves more than

just looking for items of value through the trash, for it is seen as
part of the culture in some developed and developing countries.
Moreover, it is an activity that takes a lot of patience and time,
because one never knows what is going to be found. As a matter
of fact, it is said that sometimes people are not aware of what they
throw in the trash. Aside from making some money by selling
the things they might find, dumpster divers help the environment
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in the sense that they do a sort of recycling-related activity. However,

it is not an easy task because one cannot randomly go to a dumpster and
start diving. Before doing that, people not only need to be sure to wear
protective clothing but also be sure what kind of dumpster they have
in front of them and what kind of garbage it contains.

• Dumpster diving basically involves:
b. saving c. looking for items of

a. swimming
money value in the garbage
• Dumpster diving is done in:
a. developing b. developed
c. both
countries countries

• In order to perform this activity, one should:
a. wear protective
b. be confident c. be fearless
clothing
3. According to the reading, why do you think people perform this kind
of activity? Would you say these people deserve the same respect
for what they are doing as in any other way of making a living?
4. Get into groups and talk about dumpster diving as a way people earn
a living. Brainstorm as many ideas as you can. Then, share your ideas
with the whole class.
Vocabulary
fearless. not to be afraid

of anything
22
Oral Communication
Have you ever made a promise? Did you keep it? Did you break it?
Don’t Make Promises You Can’t Keep!

1. Listen to the conversation between Miguel and Marco and answer these
questions in complete sentences. Audio
a. Has Miguel kept his promise so far? What was his promise? (see pg 19)
b. What is Miguel trying to prove to himself?
c. Describe Marco’s attitude at the end of the conversation.
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d. Why is Miguel motivated?
2. What does the phrase “prove to yourself”mean? Write an example

of when you had to prove to yourself something.
Value: Responsibility
Keep your promises. Prove to

yourself that you are more than
what you think and what others
think!
Being responsible includes
doing what you say you're
going to do.
Vocabulary
to pull someone’s leg. to fool

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someone
23
Lesson D
Are you interested in fashion? Why? Why not?
Weather Rules Fashion

Culture
1. Read this article about shopping and seasons.
Countries in Europe and
in North America have four Can you imagine going
seasons in the year: winter, shopping every change of season?
summer, autum, and spring. Do you like the idea? Well, this
This is the main reason why is possible if you live in any part
people usually buy clothes, of Europe or in any country which
at least four times a year. has the four seasons during specific
People need light clothes periods. For example, Argentina
for summer and warm clothes is one of the countries in South
for winter. For autumn they America, which has four seasons;
need a raincoat and for spring people spend a lot of money on
Pixabay / AhmadArdity
something colorful. clothes every two or four months.
The shops usually offer great sales
with discounts for people who
buy in advance, for people who
buy summer clothes in winter and
Write the name of each vice-versa. Moreover, weather rules fashion and fashion designers
person under each season. play with colors and textures. They usually combine bright colors with
a. “I usually wear a light
light clothes; a pink short skirt is perfect for summer. On the other
green skirt, a blouse, and hand, a heavy brown coat is fashionable for winter; and a raincoat
sandals.” – Gina is the best piece of clothing for autumn; a hat or a cup is necessary
for the wind in spring.
b. I prefer a warm coat, scarf,
globes and a woody hat.” – The fashion industry knows this, and each season, they design new
Mike collections, and they organize fashion events. Weather changes are
a great excuse for making people invest money to look in fashion in
c. “I always use a cap, shorts, any season.
and a T-shirt.” – Juan
d. “I like to put on my raincoat, 2. Read the article. Write if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).
boots, and an umbrella.” –
Lucia a. Spain has four season in the year.
Summer Winter b. People don’t spend too much on clothes.
c. People buy clothes twice a year.
d. The fashion industry plans events to sell clothes.

Spring Autumn
3. Read the article again. Complete the sentences with one word from the
box.
rainy warm windy light
a. In winter, people need clothes, while in summer,
Vocabulary they buy clothes; such as skirts or T-shirts.

design. create clothes b. In autumn, the weather is , and people buy
collection. a set of pieces umbrellas and raincoats. In spring, it’s a season

of clothing. with a lot of flowers.
24
Oral Communication
How often do you go shopping?
Let’s Go Shopping!
1. Listen to the audio. What do the girls want to buy? Complete the chart.
Audio
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Value: Responsibility
It’s important to have clothes

to wear – of course– but you
don’t have to demand that
2. Answer these questions with complete sentences. your parents buy you the most
expensive clothes or a specific
a. Where is the shopping center? Be specific. brand. Being responsible
includes only asking for
the things that you need
and will use.
b. How far away is the shopping center?
c. How do they get to the shopping center?
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d. In the shopping center, are there cheap or expensive stores? How

does Dayana know the stores are expensive?
3. Brainstorm with your partner. Micaela and Dayana are going to look
for some stores in the shopping center. What can they find in each shop?
Vocabulary
Book store Shoe store Clothes store
go window-shopping. don’t
buy, but walk by stoes to see
products
sale. reduced prices
25
Reading
How much do you and your family spend on clothes?
Fashion Consumers
1. Read this article about fashion consumers.
It isn’t news that every season of the year, fashion industries sell
new clothes designed for, everybody. Although the prices are high,
people buy them, they sometimes don’t care about the costs and how
that affects their financial situation. Big companies have noticed that,
and they try to adapt to the situation. Through the years, they have
changed some materials. They used animal fur to make the most
expensive coats and hats. Thanks to some laws which protect animals
in danger, those companies now use other materials for clothes.
Nevertheless, the prices are still high, and it’s a vicious circle: new
season, new clothes, new customers, new debts. It doesn’t end. Some
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people, especially young people, think that to "be cool" is to wear

fashionable clothes and always be informed about the latest fashion
news, but it’s dangerous for everybody’s financial situation.
2. Say if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).

Brainstorm adjectives for a. Brand new clothes aren’t expensive.
customers and fashion
industries. b. People only buy cheap clothes.
Customers: friendly, interested, c. Industries use artificial materials.
d. Fashion is a vicious circle with no end.
3. Answer these questions. Use your own words:

a. Why did fashion industries stop using animal fur?
Fashion industries: ambitious,
b. Why do people keep buying expensive clothes?
c. Explain this vicious fashion circle.
4. Create five sentences related to the fashion industry.
a.
b.
c.
Vocabulary
d.
fur. hair of animals
debt. money you have to pay e.
26
Writing
What clothes do you use for summer and winter?
A traveler Asking for Advice

1. When people travel to a new place, they usually ask for advice from
local people. Below is an example of an email answering some questions Before writing an email,
to a traveler. answer these questions.
a. What city are you from?

From: Candy
To: Mike b. What’s the weather like
Subject: Advice in your city?

Hi Mike,
c. What other city in Ecuador
I hope you are well. I’m happy for your visit this summer. Well, do you like?
I’m from Manabi, and in February we’re in summer, so it’s really hot.
You have to bring light clothes, and yes, don’t forget a sunscreen.
The sun in Ecuador can cause you serious injuries. Quito is a cold city. d. What’s the weather like
It’s usually windy and sometimes rainy, but there are nice places you there?
can visit. You are going to have fun. Call me when you are in Manta.
Best regards,
Candy.
2. What questions did Mike ask Candy to answer?
3. Write the names of each piece of clothing. Choose one word from
the box. In your notebook, write an
email to a friend who is
skirt scarf coat sandals visiting your city and another
city in Ecuador. Tell him/her
T-shirt shorts boots gloves what clothes to bring, and
the weather in both cities.
Use your notes above.
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27
Art
How can you represent a season in a painting?
Artists and Four Seasons

1. Read the article about masterpieces.
Salvador Dalí was a surrealist painter. He was from Spain.

This artist has painted thousands of masterpieces. Some of them are
in the most important museums in Europe, a few are in America.
Many sources from life and nature inspired him to create his paintings.
A clear example is the collection of four paintings. Dalí represented
the four season of the year in four fantastic paintings of different
landscapes. Arcimboldo is an Italian artist who painted the four seasons
using different elements from the nature like, fruit, vegetables, trees,
lakes, and so on.
These artists are an example of how nature and weather can be
a source of inspiration to create beautiful masterpieces.
Pixabay / falco
Adapted from: https://www.dalipaintings.com/
2. Read the article again. Complete the sentences with one word from
the box.
• Answer the questions inspiration Italian food Spanish Europe

below.
a. Have you ever gone to an a. Dali was a painter.

art museum?
b. Most of Dali’s paintings are in .
c. Arcimboldo was an painter.
b. When was the last time you d. Arcimboldo included some in his paintings.
went to a museum?
e. Weather is a great source of .
3. Answer the questions. Use your own words.
c. Where is the museum you a. What elements did each artist use in their paintings?
visited? Dali:
Arcimboldo:
b. In your opinion, what else can nature inspire?

• Ask your partner these
questions about art.
Vocabulary
masterpiece. an especially
excellent work of art
28
Oral Communication
What’s your favorite shopping center? Why?
In the Shopping Center

1. Listen to the conversation. Complete the sentences.
Audio
a. Hi, can I you? Listen to the dialogue.
b. I’m for a sweater.
c. Can I this on, please?
d. Will you be paying with or credit card?
2. Listen to the conversation again. Decide if the sentences are True(T)

or False(F).
a. There isn’t a place to eat in the mall.
b. The girls go to the jewelry store first.
c. The clothing store is next to the jewelry store.

What types of stores can you
d. Dayana buys jeans. find in a shopping center?
e. Dayana pays with credit card.
3. Use the phrases in activity 1. Create a similar conversation.
A
B
A
B
4. Pair up. Look at the pictures. Write the name of each type of store.
The first letter is already there.
s_ _ _ s_ _ _ _ j_ _ _ _ _ _ s_ _ _ _ c_ _ _ _ _ _ s_ _ _ _
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b_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ f_ _ _ c_ _ _ _ d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5. Give one example of each each store near where you live.
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29
Assessment
Speaking Listening
1 Interview a classmate about seasons, fashion and 3 Listen to the conversation.
recycling. Ask them the following questions and
create two of your own. Take notes. 4 Write if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).
a. Mia loves to recycle.

a. How often do you go shopping with your friends?
b. Luis doesn’t know anything about
recycling.
b. Who buys clothes in your house?
c. There aren’t any trash cans near.
d. There are three different cans to recycle.

c. What do you do to recycle?
e. Luis isn’t interested in recycling.
d. Do Ecuadorians recycle? Why? 5 Answer these questions.
a. What’s Mia doing?

2 Describe these pictures about recycling. b. What’s Mia’s opinion about recycling?
c. Does Luis know something about recycling?
6 Clasify these vocabulary words for each trash can.
bottle of wine plastic bag

old notebooks plastic bottle
jar or marmalade boxes of pizza
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30
Assessment Are we taking care of our planet?
Reading Writing
1 Read this email: 2 Write Paul an email. Answer his questions.
a. Include:
• How recycling is handled in Ecuador.
b. Write between 30-35 words.
From: Paul
To: (your name)
ecuadorian.friend@hotmail.com From:

Subject: Recycling in Ecuador
To:
Hi there, Subject: Recycling in Ecuador

teacher asked me to write an essay related to
the topic of recycling in Ecuador. Could you
help me with that info?
Thank you in advance.
See you soon,

Paul.
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I can talk about recycling.
I can use expressions to ask for things politely.

I can talk about clothes and seasons of the year.
I can write about the weather and clothes.
31
Project 2
All You Need is Taking Care
of the Environment
Let’s become recyclers!
Step 1
Get into groups of four students. Brainstorm some ideas on what you can
do to take care of the environment to start a campaign in your school.
1
2
3
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4
5
Step 2
Come to an agreement with each other on the best campaign to motivate

your classmates to be aware of the environment. Campaign ideas might
include proposals such as:
a. Coming up with phrases like “I am not going to tell you what to do,
I am going to show it how it gets done”. Walk the talk!
b. Make posters for your campaign.
c. Invite your classmates to participate actively.
Step 3
Prepare a 10-minute oral presentation with pictures to explain your ideas.
Step 4
Once all the presentations are over, compare your ideas with your
classmates’ proposals.
Do they have a lot in common? Yes/no, why?
Step 5
Finally, decide on how to start the campaign by taking into account all
the proposals. Make a video about it and share it.

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32
English Where can we go to see
Pedagogical Module 4 new things?
Ninth Grade EGB
Sequencers: next,
after that, then and finally 4
5
So
Tourist places
ci
alS
tu
Quantifiers: some/any,
d
3
ie
how much & how many
s
6 Movies
Ar
isshh
t
Modals for advice: 7 Traffic laws
glli
2
g
Ci
can and should
Enn
Travel
vic
E
s
Time 8
Countries
Ge
and cities
og
Second
1
ra
conditional
p
hy
Values
Values
Gender Digital
12 equality 11 Road safety 10 Humbleness 9 prevention
People love to travel and visit new places. Some families plan
their vacations in advance, so they can have everything ready
when the day comes. The first things they usually take into
account are the destination and how much money they have
to spend. Here in Ecuador, the options are varied. Tourists
can choose the beautiful beaches on the coast, the landscapes
sourrounded by volcanoes in the highlands, the humidity
and rain forest in the Amazon region or the peace of the
enchanted Galapagos Islands.
Ecuador offers many options for everybody’s budgets and
interests. The only advice for tourists is to take care of
the place they go, don’t throw garbage everywhere and be
responsible if you travel by car or by bus. If you go by plane,
make sure you have all your documents.
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• What’s the most popular tourist destination in Ecuador?

• How many cities in Ecuador have you visited?
• What advice would you give tourists who visit Ecuador?
1
Lesson A

Social Studies
Have you heard of community tourism? If so, is community tourism worth it?
Community Based Tourism

1. Read this article about CBT: Pululahua
When it comes to literally living in a volcano crater, there are just

a few places on Earth and one of them is Pululahua, which is a community
located 30 minutes north of Quito. The name of this place comes from
a Quichua word that means “smoke of water”. It is an interesting place
due to the fact that some local people opt for turning into local tourist
Pixabay / WaSZI
guides. Moreover, there is a Geobotanical Reserve where a unique

flora and fauna can be found; therefore, it is considered a protected
area. Undoubtedly, what makes this beautiful place unique has to do
with the fact that all inhabitants work as one in the community-based
tourism activities, which, at the end of the day, provide some income.
Culture
Around the world, 2. Read the article again. Answer the questions below in complete
sentences. Use your own words.
community-based tourism
(CBT) is not so common. a. Explain what makes Pululahua unique.
However, in countries
full of ethnicities and
multiculturality such as
Ecuador, people from
small communities opt
for this interesting type of b. What has been done regarding CBT in Ecuador?
tourism because it lets local
people, regardless their
academic background, get
into tourism. This kind of
tourism is not new,
but not everybody does it
due to many reasons. Sadly, 3. Pair up and ask you partner the question below. Make sure to write
one of them has been down their ideas and discuss them too.
the lack of interest in local Do you participate in CBT activites? If so, what activities? Do you think
traditions and culture. people should get involved in CBT? What can you do to make Ecuador
All in all, there are still a better place to promote CBT?
people out there who
promote community
tourism and make a living
out of it.
Vocabulary
undoubtedly. without any

doubt, certain, 100% sure
at the end of the day. when all

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is said and done, finally
2
Oral Communication
How many people are aware of Community-Based Toursim (CBT) in your city? What do you think about it?
Christmas Celebration
1. Listen to the conversation between Lucas and Steve.

Audio
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2. Listen to the conversation again. Write if the sentences are True(T)

or False(F).
a. Steve was upset at the begining.
b. Steve’s girlfriend is into tourism.
c. Lucas is more optimistic than Steve.
d. Steve changed his mind at end of the conversation.
3. Listen again. Answer the questions in complete sentences.

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a. How can you describe Steve’s personality at the beginning
of the conversation? Do you agree with his initial point of view?
b. Do you find it is easy or difficult to ask people to do something they

are not familiar with? What does it take to do such a brave thing? Vocabulary
What steps do you think are involved?
why the long face?. what’s
wrong?
argument. quarrel /
disagreement with someone
I bet. I imagine
3
Reading
Do you think that there would be more people interested in visiting Ecuador if the country were safer?
Can You Imagine Ecuador

Without Crime and Dirtiness?
Imagination is something people are capable to control and use

to make good or bad decisions. Without any doubt, everyone should
choose the good ones, but, unfortunately, it is not always true. While it
is true that no place is 100% safe in the entire world, this doesn’t mean
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crime can’t be reduced. Now, the question is is how to reduce crime?

The first step is to have an idea and ideas come through imagination
and questioning. Take for instance, the “what if question” was the first
step for someone to invent ice-cream, so this person surely thought:
“what if milk was frozen?.” That is the way ice-cream was invented.
Using the same principle, the what-if question can applied when it comes
to reducing crime. For example, questions such as “what if people reported
with no fear to the police?”, “what if people took care of each other on the
streets?”, “what if teachers taught their students the terrible consequences
Read the article again. Write
of committing a crime?”, “what if parents walked the talk (e.g. not
if the sentences are True(T)
or False(F). throwing garbage out of the car on the road)”, “what if local people didn’t
take advantage of tourists by asking them to pay higher prices?”, “what if
a. Imagination can local people were more united for fighting against crime?”, “what if people
only be used to make talked less and did more?” as well as “what if people got rid of the so called
good choices. creoles’ cunning (la viveza criolla) for the greater good?” All of these “what
b. Most of the countries if” could be a good starting point. In theory, the more questions, the better.
around the world All in all, just make sure you use your imagination to make good decisions,
are crime free. and remember the change starts with you!
c. It is impossible
to reduce crime.
d. Questioning is a key
factor to start making a. Is questioning how things are done accepted in your city?
a change.
e. The change starts with

others and then you. b. Explain if you think it is hard or easy for local people to question how
their society works?
2. Write some “what-if” questions. Make sure they are related to some
Vocabulary possible changes in your community. Share them in class and discuss
them in detail.
principle. idea, method
of thinking What if…
to report. to inform and

provide information What if…
creoles’ cunning. people who

consider themselves smart
enough to ignore the rules What if…
and not get caught
4
Writing
What changes could be done to improve the tourism where you live?
Writing Imaginary Situations

• Now, it is your turn!
1. You are going to write a paragraph about some hypothetical situations Use your own information,
regarding tourism in Ecuador. Your paragraph is expected to include the be sure to use the second
following information. conditional.
a. What could be done to increase tourism? Introduction
b. What steps should be taken to reach the goal of increased tourism?
2. Take the following paragraph as an example. Notice that the first

sentence is in the second conditional. 1
If I had the opportunity to do something regarding tourism

development, I would ask the government to fully invest
in it. I would encourage people to keep the streets
clean; otherwise, I would make them pay a fine.
Additionally, I would donate a lot lof money so 2
that natural reserves could be more protected.
Moreover, I would ask the president to pay
tourist guides a higher salary in order to motivate
local young people to go study tourism. Finally,
I would require every public and private school
to teach four languages: two international 3
languages, and an indigenous language. By
doing that, everyone in Ecuador would be
able to communicate with tourists from
other countries.
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Conclusion
Grammar Tip
Second conditional: It is used to talk about imaginary situations in the

future. It consists of a two-clause sentence: if clause and main clause
(clause = Subject + Verb + Complement / S+V+C). Thus:
Structure: If clause (S+V+C) comma main clause (S+V+C) • Once you are done,
exchange books with
would + verb in base a classmate. Check your
Tense: Simple past ,
form classmate’s paragraph by
If people were more the Earth would be a providing feedback, that is,
Example: ,
humble better place to live. opportunities to improve
the paragraph itself. Return
In case the if clause is at the end of the sentence, no comma is nedded. the books. Improve your
paragraph by following your
NO partner’s suggestions.
Structure: Main clause (S+V+C) if clause (S+V+C)
comma • Prepare a five-minute
Would + verb in base presentation about your
Tense: simple past
form paragraph.
The Earth would be a if people were more
Example:
better place to live humble.
5
Have you ever heard “If I could turn back time” by Cher? What do you think it is about?
What Would You Do If You Could Turn Back Time?

Value: Humbleness
1. Read (and sing) the lyrics of this song. Discuss the lyrics in small groups.
Too much pride is not always
good for humanity. Everybody "If I Could Turn Back Time"
makes mistakes sometimes.
If I could turn back time If I could turn back time
Saying you are sorry, is what
If I could find a way If I could find a way
humble people do. I’d take back those words that’ve hurt you I’d take back those words that’ve hurt you
And you’d stay And you’d stay
If I could reach the stars
I don’t know why I did the things I did I’d give them all to you
I don’t know why I said the things I said Then you’d love me, love me
• What do you think about
Pride’s like a knife it can cut deep inside Like you used to do
the phrase “Pride’s like a
Words are like weapons they wound
knife”? Answer the question
sometimes Oh
and then share your
opinions with your partners. I didn’t really mean to hurt you If I could turn back time
I didn’t wanna see you go If I could turn back time
I know I made you cry, but baby If I could turn back time
Oh baby
If I could turn back time
If I could find a way I didn’t really mean to hurt you
I’d take back those words that’ve hurt you I didn’t want to see you go
And you’d stay I know I made you cry, but oh
I’d give them all to you If I could turn back time
Then you’d love me, love me If I could find a way
Like you used to do I’d take back those words that’ve hurt you
If I could turn back time I’d give them all to you
• Try to change the chorus Then you’d love me, love me
My world was shattered I was torn apart Like you used to do
of the song by using
Like someone took a knife and drove it
your own words. Think
deep in my heart If I could turn back time (Turn back time)
about what you would do
You walked out that door I swore that I If I could find a way (Find a way)
differently if you had the
didn’t care Then maybe, maybe, maybe
chance to turn back time.
But I lost everything darling then and there You’d stay
Reach the stars
Too strong to tell you I was sorry If I could reach the stars...
Too proud to tell you I was wrong
I know that I was blind, and darling
Taken from: https://www.azlyrics.com/
2. Listen to the song and answer these questions in your own words.
a. If the singer could turn back time what would she do?
b. What is the song about?

Vocabulary
to turn back time. to travel back c. Is the singer in love? Explain.

in time and do somethings
differently
6
Oral Communication
Have you ever used vague expressions as a conversation strategy? When do people try to be vague? Why?
Vague Responses
1. Listen to the conversation between Lucas and Steve.

Audio
ik
Freep
2. Listen to the conversation again. Answer these questions.
a. Is Steve specific in his answers?
b. What vague expressions are used in the conversation?
c. What imaginary situations did Steve talk about regarding CBT?
3. What do you think about vague expressions? Could they be considered

as a good and commonly used conversation strategy? When can you use
vague expressions? Give examples of jobs where people communicate
with vague expressions.
Vocabulary
vague. not specific or obvious

when communicating
7
Lesson B

Social Studies
Have you ever traveled abroad? Have you ever been to an airport?
At the Airport
Culture
1. Read these four blog entries about people who have traveled by plane.
Travelling is one of the most
popular activities. People Hi, I’m Micaela, Hello. I’m Carlos.
love traveling everywhere and I enjoy taking Last time I was on
because it’s an unforgetabble planes to go a plane was one
experience. It depends everywhere. I’ve year ago. I bought
on the plans people have, been in a plane a package holiday
the place and the budget. more than ten times. to Cancun. I traveled
You can travel by plane, by bus Two years ago, when I went with my wife. That was a great
or by car. The most important to Machu Picchu from Quito. experience, but we had some
thing is to enjoy the journey; I was at the passport control, troubles during the flight. We
it doesn’t matter if the route but I couldn’t find my boarding wanted to go together, but
is on the road or in the air. pass. I was desperate. Suddenly we sat in different rows.
Some travelers have had the I remembered I put it in my The flight attendant apologized
experience of traveling by pocket. I showed it to the official, for that mistake, and she gave us
plane, and, of course, being and I could take the flight. an extra dessert.
at an airport. There are many
interesting stories that have
taken place in airports.
Hi, my name is Hello, my name
Lucas and I’m from is Andrea and
Paris. I’ve traveled I’ve been to an
by plane several airport five times.
times. I remember The first time was
my first trip to Spain, ok, but the second time I had
I was 19, and I forgot my hand to pay extra money because I
luggage in the bathroom. I had had too much luggage. I was
all my documents there. Luckily traveling to Rio de Janeiro from
one of the passengers left it on Mexico. When I sat down, I
the check-in desk. Since that noticed the plane didn’t have
experience, I’m more careful in-flight entertainment, so I tried
with my belongings when to sleep but I couldn’t. It wasn’t
a nice journey.
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I travel.
2. Read the blog entries again. Answer these questions.
a. What did Lucas forget in the departure lounge?

Vocabulary
abroad. a different country b. Why did Carlos travel to Cancun?

from where you live
passengers. people who

travel in a plane or in a bus c. What happened to Micaela at the airport?
journey. traveling from one

place to another d. What happened during Andrea’s flight?
trip. a journey to somewhere
8
Oral Communication
What travel accessories should you take with you when you go on a trip?
Travel News Part 1
1. Listen to the first of the conversation between Miguel and Susan.

You can find the second part on page 11.

or False(F).
a. Miguel went to the beach.
b. Susan traveled with her sister.
c. They had to find a hotel room in another place.
d. They had fun on the beach.
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e. Miguel didn’t have a good weekend.
3. Listen to the conversation again. Complete the chart with expression

you can use to react to good and bad news.
Reacting to good news

That’s !

Reacting to bad news

That’s !

4. Work with a partner and write other expressions you use. After the Value: Digital prevention
reaction, write a short sentence to complete the idea.
When you are planning a trip,
Reacting to good news and you want to use a website
That’s ! to buy your tickets and book
a hotel room, make sure it’s
That’s ! a safe web page. If it’s not a safe
That’s ! web page you can lose money
or be in danger.
Reacting to bad news

That’s !
That’s !
That’s !

Vocabulary
beach. the sandy area where

the ocean comes to the land
/ hbieser
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book (v). make a reservation

Pixabay
9
Art
In case of emergency, what should a person do in an airport?
The Terminal
1. Read the plot of an American film.
The Terminal is an American movie. The protagonist is Tom

Hanks. In this story, Tom is a European citizen who wants to visit
the United States, but a civil war just started in Krakizhia; his country,
and the immigration officials don’t allow him to enter the country
until the war is over. Viktor (Tom Hanks) doesn’t speak English,
and his passport is no longer valid because of the political problem
in his country. Meanwhile, Viktor has to live at the airport. He makes
a new friend, a beautiful flight attendant. Her name is Amelia. Viktor
finds a way of living there. He collects some coins people leave
in machines, he helps people with his luggage, and he cleans tables
at the restaurants for some coins. With those coins, he can buy some
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snacks. He sleeps at the departure lounge, and he takes a shower in

the airport restrooms. At the end, Viktor can enter the United States
and start a new life. During his stay at the airport, he made friends and
learned some English words.
This movie is based on a true story, but the country Krakizhia
is not real, the movie producers invented it for the film.
2. Read the plot again. Complete these sentences with one word from
the box. There’s one extra word.
luggage language coins
tourist passport attendant
a. Victor is a European who can’t enter

the United States.
b. Amelia is a flight who works at the airport.
c. Viktor’s isn’t valid.
d. Viktor helps people with their for some money.
e. Viktor doesn’t speak the .
3. Read the plot again. Answer these questions:
Vocabulary a. Where is Viktor from? Is this a real country?
b. Why couldn’t Viktor enter to the United States?

immigration officials.
an employee who checks
passports c. What did Viktor do to get some money?
war. conflict in a country d. What would you do if you were stuck in an airport? Talk to your partner.
10
Oral Communication
Civics
Do you know the meaning all of the traffic signs on the road that you see?
Travel News Part 2

1. Listen to the first of the conversation between Miguel and Susan.
Audio
(You can find the first part on page 9)
2. Listen to the conversation again. Order the events.
a. Miguel got out of the car.
b. Miguel took all his documents.
c. Another car crashed into Miguel’s car.
d. Miguel stopped because he saw a car accident.
e. Miguel drove his dad’s car.
3. Listen to the conversation again. Complete the chart with the expressions
you hear.
Expressing
What was said next?
surprise
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Really! You’re
What? Oh?
Oh my God!
4. Work in small groups. Brainstorm ideas about possible answers to the

questions below. Write your ideas in complete sentences using your
own words. Value: Road safety
a. Discuss a time when you saw or were part of a car acccident.
It’s necessary for you and your
family to know the traffic laws.
They save lifes, and of course
people have to be responsible
when they drive. “Don’t drive
when you’re drunk” is not only
b. What should people do if they come to an accident that just happened? a message, it’s a warning which
can save lifes.
c. What should people do if they come to an accident and the police are Vocabulary
already there?
drunk. under the influence

of alcohol
careful. doing things with care

and attention
11
Reading
What should you carry in your hand luggage? What are items you can not take on a plane with you?
Airport Regulations
Read the article about airport regulations: hand luggage.
This is a guide every traveler should read. When people travel

by plane, they have to take into consideration some regulations.
• You can’t pack firearms or knives in your luggage.
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• You shouldn’t have liquids or gels like shampoo,

perfume, creams or deodorants. If you want to pack these
items, make sure they are not more than 100 ml each.
It’s a good idea to buy mini toiletries. You can find them
in any supermarket.
• If you go to a rainy city, you can take a small
umbrella, but you can’t take a big one.
Answer these questions. • You can’t take a bottle of water, but don’t
Ask your partner.
worry you can ask for water on the plane.
a. In your opinion, why is • You can take medicine with a medical
there so much control prescription in some cases. Make sure you take
at an airport?
all the necessary medicine with you during
the flight.
• You can a have a hand luggage and a personal
item like a bag or backpack with you in the
airplane cabin. You should put your hand luggage
b. Research: What should in the overhead locker.
people do if they want Remember to always keep an eye on your belongings.
to travel with a pet?
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Grammar Tip

Modals: should / can
• Use can for a possibility.
• Use should for advice.
• TIP 1: use the verb in base form after a modal:
She can play
Vocabulary • TIP 2: use the same form of the modal for all subject pronouns:
We can play. They can play. She can play.
toiletries. articles to take care
of one’s body like shampoo, Affirmative Negative
Questions Short anwers
cream, desodorant statements statements
medical prescription. I should book I shouldn’t book Should I book
should Yes, you should.
a doctor’s note for taking online. online. online?
medicine. She can travel She can’t travel Can she travel Yes, she can.
can
anywhere. anywhere. anywhere? No, she can’t
belongings. things that
are owned by someone,
possessions
12
Writing
What advice can you give to people who visit your city for the first time?
Let’s Travel Together

1. One of your friends wants to visit your city for the first time, but
he doesn’t live in Ecuador, and he’s traveling by plane. Give him some
advice.Look at the example below. In this case, Mark isn’t sure about
what to take in his hand luggage. This is a letter to help Mark prepare
for the trip.
Hi Mark,
I’m happy you’re visiting my country next month. I’ve never traveled
by plane before, but I think you should look for a travelers’ guide
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on the internet. I read that you can’t have a bottle of water or any
drink with you. You can ask for a drink in the airplane cabin. About
food, you can have biscuits or snacks. You can’t have cooked food
on board. Don’t worry, you can eat on the plane.
Grammar Tip
I hope to see you soon.
There are some modal verbs
Love, you can use to give advice.
• Should: for advice, but
Tomas
the person decides if
he/she takes it or not.
2. Write an email to a friend who wants to travel to Ecuador by plane with You should bring an umbrella.
his pet. Take into account that your friend has never been to an airport. It sometimes rains.
Give him advice. You may use some of the ideas from page 10. • Must: for obligation,
Greeting the person has to do that.
You must bring an umbrella
and a jacket. It’s cold here.
Introduction
Bring
Don’t bring Tip
Remember to write
Closing an introduction at the
beginning of the letter
to indicate a general idea
of what the letter is about.
3. After writing. Share your email with your partner. Make some notes
of the advice your partner gave after listening to your email.
13
Assessment
Speaking
1 Interview a classmate about tourism. Ask them the 3 Write down some notes and talk to your partner
following questions and take notes. about your favorite places to travel.
a. How much do you travel? Where:

b. What is Community-Based Tourism? Why:

With who:
c. What do you think about community-based
tourism?

When:
d. Have you ever traveled by plane?

Listening
4 Listen to the conversation again. Write if the
sentences are True(T) or False(F).
2 Work in pairs. Describe these pictures about
different places to travel. Describe the people and a. David and Valeria are in the
the place. Galapagos now.
b. Valeria can’t find her passport.
A c. David can’t find the boarding passes.
d. Valeria’s documents are in her backpack.
e. David wants to take a bottle of water.
5 Listen to the conversation again. Check five

things they take on the trip.
a. Sunglasses
B b. Camera
c. Mini toiletries
d. Passport
e. Bottle of water
f. Medicine kit
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g. Sunscreen
14
Assessment Where can we go to see new things?
Reading
1 Read this email: efficient helpful kind proud
About people:
From: Paul d. Tourist guides are , they

usa.friend@hotmail.com assist visitors to the city every day.
To: (your name) e. Airports are noisy and crowded places so it’s
ecuadorian.friend.com better to be and polite with
everyone.
Subject: A different Ecuador f. Hotel staff should be more more
, getting help takes a long
Hi there, time.
3 Write Paul an email. Answer his questions from
teacher asked me to write an essay related to
the left side of the page.
what things could be changed in Ecuador to
make it even more attractive to tourists. So, if Include: what you would do to make a change in
you had the opportunity to change something Ecuador. You can use some ideas from the previous
in your country, what would you do? Could activity. Write between 30-35 words.
you help me with that info?
From:
See you soon,
To:
Paul
Subject: A different Ecuador
2 Complete the sentences. Choose one verb from the
box. There’s one extra word. Change 1
learn include teach encourage
In order to improve:
a. For the cleanliness of a city, the government Change 2
should people to keep
the streets clean.
b. To communicate with foreign visitors, people

should more languages. Change 3
c. People that have traveled a lot should
new travelers what
they should and can’t bring on a plane.

I can talk about recycling and trip accessories.

I can talk about imaginary situations.
I can use vague responses in a conversations.
I can write an email giving advice.
15
Project 1
All You Need Is Imagination
Let’s Make a Change
Step 1
Get into groups of four students. Brainstorm some ideas on how you can
make a change to make your city an attractive place for tourists (and if it is
an attractive place, think of ideas on how to make it even better) and write
some notes on the lines below:
2
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Step 2
Come to an agreement with each other on the best way to make your city
an attractive place for tourists.
Suggestions and proposals may be written in the conditional form like the
example below.
a. If we had cleaner streets, more tourists would be attractive.
b. If we didn’t charge higher prices, then more people would

recommend visiting our place.
Step 3
Prepare a 10-minute oral presentation with pictures to explain your ideas.

Step 4
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16
Let's Review
Vocabulary Grammar
1 Complete the sentences with one word from the 3 Read the sentences below and think about if they
box. There is one extra word. are possibilities or suggestions. Rewrite them with
the correct modal.
luggage package holiday
flight attendant toiletries book a. I think my best friend can spend less time on
her social networks.
a. On my last trip to Venice, I bought a

at a travel agency.
b. I don’t like to travel with too much

. b. Any one should take a bus.
c. My family usually buys small
to have in the hand luggage.
d. I hope my dad didn’t forget to

a our hotel room.
c. If you like history, I think you can visit the
center of the city instead of Carolina Park.
Reading/Writing
2 Read this blog about a project to promote tourism.
Choose the correct answer from below the blog to
complete the paragraph.
d. My family should travel where they want to

because they have a lot of money.
Hi, I’m Sandra, and this is my idea to promote
a tourism in my city. If I
the opportunity to invite people to visit
b my city, a video.
Right now, I don’t have a really good video
recorder, but I can publish photos of it, and
share them on my social network. Moreover,
c if I at a travel agency,
d cheap package holidays.
I think everybody needs to visit my beautiful
city. It has everything, delicious food, great
landscapes and mountains.
a. have has had

b. I recorded I’d record I record
c. works worked work

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d. I’d offer I offer I can offer
17
Lesson C
Have you ever traveled somewhere to practice a sport? What do you know about sports tourism?
Culture
Sports Tourism
1. Read this article about sports tourism.
Sports activities attract people
from all over the world.
Tourism companies have People who enjoy sports have a great variety of tourist activities
been promoting specific places. to do. It depends on what people want to do. There are three categories:
Athletes and fans of sports enjoy Sport event tourism is an activity in which fans go to see specific
this kind of tourism, so they international or national events. One example is the FIFA World Cup,
travel to practice a sport, some travel agencies organize tours for people to enjoy this popular
to compete alone or in a team, sport. Another event is the Olympic Games, people buy tickets to see
or to visit a sports museum sports and support their favorite team. The most popular sports are
or stadium. There are three martial arts: judo and taekwondo; water sports: sailing and diving;
types of tourism: sport event wrestling, shooting, and boxing.
tourism, active sport tourism,
and nostalgia sport tourism. Active sport tourism is a type of tourism in which athletes travel
to other cities or countries to compete in a sports event. In Ecuador,
one of the most popular events is Ironman triathlon. It takes place
every year in Manta. Athletes from all over the world travel to
Research to find an Ecuadorian Ecuador to enjoy the beautiful beaches and to participate.
athelete for each sport. Write
This triathlon involves three sports: running, cycling
an interesting fact about each
athlete.
and swimming.
Nostalgia sport tourism is a specific tour to
a. Judo
visit iconic places like stadiums or go to museums
b. Swimming to know more about sports and famous players.
In Europe, people can visit all the stadiums, tourist
c. Chess can enter the soccer field and the locker room.
d. Boxing They can also see the trophies. In Guayaquil, people
can visit a museum full of pictures of famous
e. Wrestling Ecuadorian athletes.
f. Cycling
2. Read the comments. Write what kind of sport tourism these people
practiced: sport event, active sport, nostalgia sport.
Value: Humbleness a. “I had an amazing experience in Russia. I was there in 2018, and
I was there when Russia hosted the FIFA World Cup. The stadiums
and the cities were incredible." – Benjamin
Most atheletes are humble and
polite even though they are He practiced tourism.
famous and successful. Success
b. “I’m a great fan of baseball. Two years ago, I went to the Baseball
doesn’t give people the right Hall of Fame in New York. I had a lot of fun.” – Lisa
to be rude or impolite.
She practiced tourism.
c. “Surfing is my life. Last summer vacation I went to Hawaii

to participate in the North Surf Shore. It’s a popular championship
Vocabulary there. I didn’t win, but I had a good time” – Bob
iconic. representing something He practiced tourism.
famous or important
d. “Last month, I was in London. I travelled there just to see my favorite
locker room. a place where tennis player in Wimbledon. The city is beautiful and the match was
athletes change clothes great”- Sarah
before and after a competion
She practiced tourism.
18
Oral Communication
Are you a fan of international championships? Which ones do you know about?
A Gymnastics Championship-Part 1
1. Listen to the conversation between Lauren and Tamy. They’re talking
about a gymnastics championship. Audio
2. Listen to the conversation again. Complete sentences with a wh- word.
Underline the words in the sentence that is the answer to the wh
question.
a. Tamy: I just came back from my gymnastics practice.

Lauren: You were practicing ? Tip
b. Lauren: Wow! It sounds good. You know, two years ago I went to
You use echo questions
Cartagena to see a gymnastics international championship. It
to check information
was amazing.
you didn’t hear. You repeat
Tamy: You went ? what the other person said,
c. Lauren: There’s a gymnastics championship every year. and Example:
A: There’s a great soccer
Tamy: You go to the championship ?
museum in Guayaquil.
d. Lauren: You can get some support from a travel agency or the academy. B: What’s in Guayaquil?
Tamy: You can get from a travel agency? Or. Where is the museum?
You can start your echo
3. Complete the dialogues. Use echo questions to check information. question with :
"I'm sorry......"
a. A: I’m completely sure my mom made a delicious dinner.
B: Your mom made ?
b. A: My favorite soccer team won in Paraguay.

B: Your team won ?
c. A: I go swimming once a week.

B: You go swimmin ?
d. A: The ticket for the soccer match costs ten dollars.

B: They cost ?
Pair up. Create a similar conversation. Use echo, or wh questions to

check information.
A.
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B.
A.
B.
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19
Reading
Social Studies
Do you like to watch videos and learn about other cities? Which cities?
A Blogger Who Promotes Tourism

Read the article again and
answers the questions. Use 1. Read the article about a famous YouTuber.
your own words.
a. Why did Luis interview Another way of promoting tourism is by making videos of different
people? places. In this way, people can know about other places and organize
a trip to a new city to have a different experience. Social networks
are an extraordinary way of publishing this material.

Luis Artuto Villar Sudek, his nickname is Luisito Comunica,
b. Why did he become is a Mexican who loves travelling, making and sharing videos on line.
popular? His story as a YouTuber started in 2007.
First, he recorded tutorials about how to play the piano,
but they weren’t successful. After that, he decided to create other

types of videos, and he started interviewing people in the street.
c. What is he doing He asked them about many topics and he uploaded all those videos
nowadays? on his YouTube channel. He just wanted to know people’s opinion
and create a discussion. Then, in 2015, he traveled to many cities

around the world to record amazing videos. He became popular,
and his channel increased its number of followers. Today he’s still
traveling to many cities and making fantastic videos of tourist places.
d. In your opinion, why did he In those videos, he shows the cultural diversity of each place, he tries
decide to visit Ecuador?
typical food, and he presents the best tourist attractions and prices.
In September 2018, he came to Ecuador and he had a great time
in Quito, Guayaquil and some beaches in Manabi. He also has other
Youtube channels. For example, he makes funny videos about
every day events, and he makes videos in English about his trips.
Luisito Comunica loves to practice sports in each city he visits.

2. Read the article again. Number the sentences in the order they appeared
in the article.
Luis:
Value: Digital prevention
made videos about tourist places.
The internet is a great source
of information, but you visited some cities in Ecuador.
should be very careful about
what videos you watch, what talked to people on the streets.
you share on your social
networks, and even what recorded videos teaching how to play the piano.
you comment. Be responsible.
gained popularity on the Web.
Vocabulary
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interview. ask questions

to people face-to-face
20
Writing
Do you enjoy sports on vacation? What’s your favorite sport to practice while on vacation?
A Story About Sports

1. Some people practice sports on vacation, or they travel to practice
a specific sport.
Read this blog entry. It’s a story about active sport tourism.
Hi, my name is Amanda and I love swimming. I’m on a synchronized

swimming team. Last year, I traveled to Chile for a competition.
It wasn’t easy to participate, but we did it.
First, my coach saw an advertisement on the internet, and she
convinced us to participate. After that, we talked to our parents and
the academy, so we organized some parties and events to have
Pixabay /Lawra V
the money to travel. Then, we completed all the paperwork to travel,
and we stayed in Santiago for two weeks. We participated in the event,
we won the third place, and we made a great video of the city. It was
an amazing experience for me. Finally, my team and I are looking
for other cities to compete in. Is your city organizing a similar event?
What do we have to do? What’s the price? And the most important,
what are the tourist attractions in your city?
Camila – Italy
2. Imagine your city is organizing a swimming event. Answer the questions

that are at the end of Amanda’s blog to use as notes.
a. What other events are there in your city?
b. What do athletes have to do to participate?
c. How much does the event cost? Tip
Sequencers for order:

• When you write stories,
d. What are the tourist attractions?
use sequencers to show the
order of the events.
- First
3. Use sequencers from the Tip box at the right to show the order of events. - After that
- Then
Introduction - Finally
1 • Pay attention to the
punctuation. You start
2 a sentence with one
of the likers above followed
3
by a coma. Always put
Conclusion
a period at the end of
a sentence.
21
What are some popular water sports? Are ther places to practice water sports where you live?
Super Power Surfers
Answer the questions. Use 1. Read the biography of a surfer.

your own words.
a. What is Carmen like? Surfing is an extreme sport. This activity is practiced in many places
Describe her personality. in the world. The most popular contests are in California and Hawaii.
There are also some tournaments in Europe.

“Nothing is impossible, you set your own limits”, said Carmen
Lopez, a blind surfer. Carmen is from Asturias, Spain, and she lost
her sight because she had glaucoma. It’s when the blood pressure
b. What does she dream?
in the eye is not normal, and it causes the patient to lose their sight.

Carmen is a great student and a talented surfer, but she likes
swimming too. Her day starts at the Salinas beach in Oviedo, Spain.
After she has lunch, she does school stuff. She studies online at
c. Where has she traveled to home, so she doesn’t go to conventional schools. In the evening, she
compete?
usually works out at the gym, but what she enjoys the most is training
at the beach with her coach, Lucas. Carmen says that Lucas is her eyes
to see the sea. They’re an amazing team, so they created a whistling
system to communicate. When the wave is on the right, he whistles
d. Do you think she is a once, and when it’s on the left, he whistles twice. In that way, Carmen
fighter? Why? Why not? knows where to move.
Carmen has won some competitions in Europe and America.

When she travels to other cities, she enjoys meeting knew people and
trying new food.
In 2018, she won the fourth place in the Adaptive Surfing
Championship in California. She was happy for this achievement,
and now, her biggest dream is to participate in the 2024 Summer
Paralympics in Paris.
Value: Gender equality

2. Read the article again. Correct the sentences. Rewrite them, so they
Athletes should not be limited are true.
to what are thought to be a. Carmen Lopez is a professional swimmer.
men's or women's sports.
Throughout the world many
women's sports are gaining in
popularity. b. She can’t see very well.
c. She has a lot of classmates at school.
Vocabulary
d. She trains alone.
whistle. make a loud sound
with the lips
waves. arches of water e. She sings to communicate in the waves.

as the ocean nears the shore
blind. a person who can’t see
22
Oral Communication
Do you enjoy sports competitions? Explain. What sports teams have you participated on?
A Gymnastics Championship-Part 2
1. Listen to the conversation between Tamy and Lauren.

Audio
2. Listen to the conversation again. Complete the sentences. Listen to the dialogue.
First, we need to sign up online, 1 , we have

to send some information about the team: number of participants,
nationality, age, 2 .
The process has changed, 3 are you going

to participate?

or False(F).
a. Tamy’s team is going to participate in a competition.
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b. The team doesn’t need to send a video.
c. Tamy is excited about participating in the competition.
d. Lauren has a headache.

Pair up. Create a conversation
e. Tammy wants Lauren to help her. using these expressions:
so, you know, I mean
4. Write the letter of the sentences below under the picture that it A.
corresponds to.

B.

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A.
B.
a. We need to sign up online.
b. Is it similar to a CV? A.
c. A committee is going to evaluate our information.
d. Completing those forms is difficult. B.

Tip
A.
• Use these expressions: “you know”, “so” and “I mean” to explain

something.
• Use this expression “that would be a headache” to explain something B.
can be difficult.
23
Lesson D
Have you heard of eco-friendly transportation? If so, what do you think about it?
Eco-Friendly Transportation
Culture
1. Read the article about means of transportation.
Around the world, pollution,
caused by conventional means
Electric or hybrid vehicles are a popular idea nowadays. Everybody
of transportation has damaged
talks about them because it’s convenient for the environment.
the environment. Eco-friendly
What do you need instead of gas? Basically, electricity! So, these cars
transportation has emerged
charge as easily as your phones. Nowadays, it might be a little bit
to reduce pollution in the air.
expensive to buy one of these cars, but hopefully they will cost less
So, let’s check out three green
money in the future.
transportation ideas!
Another eco-friendly idea is carpooling, which means bringing
people who go to the same location together in one car, so that there
are less vehicles on the road. It’s a really nice idea to share with your
neighbors or classmates. And, of course, the quality of the air will be
better.
Pair up. Ask you partner Last but not least, walking is the easiest solution when it comes
the questions below. Make to eco-friendly transportation methods because it costs
sure to write down their ideas nothing. All you need to do is just walk! Benefits?
Do you walk a lot? Well, let’s just say that you save money,
If so, where? Do you go alone? and it is good for your health. The only
What is your favorite place advice is to wear stable walking shoes,
to go? and that’s pretty much it! You can go on
foot to school with your mates.
If not, do you think it is Freep
ik
a good idea for people to

walk instead of using public 2. Read the article again. Answer the questions below in complete
transportation? What can you sentences. Use your own words.
suggest instead of walking
in case the area where you a. In general terms, why is eco-friendly transportation a good idea?
live is dangerous?
b. Which green idea called your attention? Why?
c. How do you get school every day?
d. Are you interested in using one of those eco-friendly ideas? Why?

Why not?
Value: Road safety
Every human being is responsible for taking care of their own health.
By walking or doing another type of exercise, it shows you are

Vocabulary a responsible person who takes good care of yourself, but be careful
with traffic signs. Being a pedestrian can be dangerous!
mates. friends
24
Oral Communication
How conscious are people of eco-friendly transportation methods in your city? What do you think about them?
Excuse Me, Could You Please Help Me?
1. Listen to Lucas and Steve talk. Decide if the sentences are True(T)
Audio
or False(F).
a. The cyclist is in a hurry.
b. The tourist looked worried at first.
c. The cyclist was going home?
d. The tourist was late for the bus.
2. Listen to the conversation again. Match the sentences with the pictures.
Write the letters.
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a. Are you in a hurry?
b. I was going to miss the bus.
c. The traffic is too heavy.
d. Why don’t we grab a city bike for you?
a. What expression does the tourist repeat twice at the beginning

of the conversation?
b. When would you use the words, "excuse me ", to start talking with
someone?
c. Do you find it is easy or difficult to ask people for help?

d. How do you ask people for help? Vocabulary
grab. take, usually with your

hands
25
Reading
Geography
Do you think that tourism involves more than just sightseeing? What else can tourists do?
Answer the following Eco-Tourism and Sports in St. Petersburg

questions in your own words.
1. Read this article about St. Petersburg.
a. Is cycling culturally
accepted in your city? In some countries in the world, people can practice eco-tourism
and sports at the same time.
b. In your opinion, is it safe or

One city is St. Petersburg in Russia. Some city tours involve cycling
dangerous for local people to get to know every single part of St. Petersburg. Tourists can go to
to go cycling? Why? small towns, rivers, stores, shopping malls, ancient castles and modern
parks. It’s really easy to use public transportation, so people only have
to download an app for their mobile phones, enter some information
like name, age, nationality, and that’s it. Then, they go to a special
information booth to rent eco-friendly transportation. People can
c. In your city, is it safe choose to use bikes, skateboards or scooters. All those need special
or dangerous for tourists equipment such as kneepads and helmets which can be rented also.
to go cycling or use Russia takes security seriously, so there are clearly defined paths for
skateboards?
using these, and there are some first aid booths close to all of the paths.
Many people around the world go to this city to experience
a different way of moving around. St. Petersburg is a place where
you can keep fit and take amazing pictures on wheels. These ways of
d. Do you think that bike transportations helps to reduce contamination.
paths are clearly defined
where you live? Why?
2. Read the article again. Match the words with the pictures.

a. b. c. d. helmet and
roller skates skateboards bike path
kneepads
Value: Road safety
All cities should have paths for

bikes and pedestrians. To be
safe, cyclists need to stay inside
of bike paths, and cars need to
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stay outside of them.
Vocabulary
3. Write down some possible suggestions in your country regarding
St. saint the use of bikes and bike paths. Share them in class and discuss them
in detail.
path. way a narrow area
to travel someplace by
walking or on a bike
booth. kiosk, small structure

for selling things or giving
information
26
Writing
How can you know what tourists think of the public transportation in your city?
Writing a Questionnaire
1. You are going to write a questionnaire about transportation in Ecuador.

You will write 5 questions to ask tourists about local transportation. Work with a partner to
brainstorm ideas for questions
about transportation. Use
2. Read the example. Notice that the quantifiers some, any, how many
your best ideas to write five
and how much are underlined.
questions for a questionaire
on the lines below. You can
Context: share your questions with the
whole class.
Nowadays, there are some problems regarding transportation.
Therefore, it is important for local people to know tourist's points 1.
of view. We want to evaluate the situation and find solutions. Please
help us by answering the questions below.

a. Are there any electric buses in this city? If so, how many?

b. How much traffic is there?
2.

3. Share your questionnaire by asking classmates the questions.

Grammar Tip
3.
How many: It is used to talk about countable nouns. Thus:

Structure: How many Countable nouns Verb

Example: How many buses are there?
4.
How much: It is used to talk about uncountable nouns.

Structure: How much Uncountable nouns Verb
Example: How much traffic is there? 5.

• Some: It is used in affirmative sentences that include either countable
or uncountable nouns.

Eg. There are some problems regarding transportation.
• Any: It is used in negative sentences and questions that include either

countable or uncountable nouns.
Eg. We haven’t got any solutions. / Are there any electric buses in this city?
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27
Did you know that Stephen Hawking wanted to take all humanity to space? What do you think about it?
Transportation In Space?
1. Read this biography about a scientist.
Stephen Hawking was a scientist, physicist and genius. He is

considered one of the most intelligent men ever. He died in 2018, when
he was 76 years old. He was famous because he created many theories
about science and the universe. A remarkable fact is that although he
had lateral sclerosis, an illness which doesn’t allow people to move
arms or legs, he had a brilliant mind. Hawking invented a wheel chair
which helped him communicate. That chair had kind of a keyboard
and speakers. He could only move his eyes and one finger, and with
those movements he could transmit messages. Everybody admires him
Pixabay / Gordon Hohnson
because of his great mind and intelligence.

One of his most controversial ideas was the one about people living
in the space. His idea was for everybody to move away to another
planet and start a new life. One possible way to explore other places
would be a space ship. Hawking explained that human beings will be
able to find a way to live anywhere else and create new habitats and
new means of transportation. What do you think?
Use the following questions Adapted from: https://www.foxnews.com/science/stephen-hawking-said-there-is-no-god-and-that-humans-will-
live-in-space-in-final-book
and answers as an example
for you to write questions
to ask Stephen Hawking. 2. Read the article again. Match the column A with the column B to
complete the idea.
• Introduction: Good morning
professor Hawking. people starting a
a. Stephen Hawking created
My name is . newlife in space.
I think the idea of
transportation in space b. This scientist suffered many theories about
is too idealistic, but, the idea space and science.
seems interesting. I have
three questions. c. Hawking could transmit
from a serious illness.
• Student: First, how many
people do you think can d. One of his ideas was in a space rocket.
travel in a space ship?
e. People would travel messages with a
• Professor: It depends on special machine.
the spacecraft. Maybe 30.
• Student: Thank you, 3. Role play. You are going to imagine that you have the chance to ask
the next question is… Stephen Hawking a few questions related to transportation in space
or in other planets. Write three questions to ask classmates.
1.
Vocabulary
2.
idealistic. interesting, but not

really possible
3.
space ship. a type of vehicle
to travel in the outer space
28
Oral Communication
Do you know what sense verbs are? If so, have you ever used sense verbs as a conversation strategy?
Sense Verbs
1. Listen to the interview on a TV show with a tourist that went to

St. Petersburg. Write notes about some of the main ideas while you Audio
listen. Listen to the dialogue.
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2. Listen to the conversation again. Complete the sentences.
a. like you have something interesting to tell us about
your visit to St. Petersburg.
b. like it is an eco-friendly city!
c. like a pretty good idea to put it into practice in our city!
3. When do you use the following expressions: looks like, sounds like, and
seems like?
4. Listen to the conversation again. Answer these questions. Use your

own words.
a. Did the tourist like St. Petersburg? Why?
b. What happens to the garbage in St. Petersburg?
Vocabulary
c. What is the message the tourist gives at the end of the interview?
garbage. trash, waste to be

thrown away
cleanliness. the state of being

clean, not dirty
29
Assessment
Speaking
1 Interview a classmate about different sports and
means of transportation. Ask them the following
questions.
a. Do you usually practice sports? Which ones?
b. What is the best wat to get around your

community?
c. How do you get to school?
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d. Is it tourism an important activity in your city?
Listening
3 Listen to the conversation between Kathy and Luis.
4 Complete the sentences using only one or two

e. What is a sport or activity that you would like
words.
to try?
a. Luis has a new .
b. That mean of transportation is an icon in the

.
f. If someone visited your community, what would

c. Luis has his , but
you show them?
he has to complete some .

d. Kathy’s dad did some paperwork
months ago.
2 Look at the pictures on the top right that show

transportation in different places. Describe the
pictures using details about what you see.
30
Assessment Where can we go to see new things?
Reading Writing
1 Read this email: 2 Write Paul an email. Answer his questions
about eco-friendly transportation and possible
reccomendations. Write between 30-35 words.
From: Paul
From:
To: (your name)
ecuadorian.friend.com
To:
Subject: Transportation in Ecuador
Subject: Transportation in Ecuador
Hi there,
How are you doing? I hope all is well.
My teacher asked me to write an essay about
what things we can change in Ecuador
regarding transportation. So, is there any type
of an “eco-friendly transportation”? If so, tell
me about it, please. If not, what would you
recommend? Could you help me with that
info?
See you soon,

Paul
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I can talk about means of transportation in different cities.

I can talk about sport tourism.
I can write a questionnaire.
I can appropriately ask for help.
31
Project 2
Let's Make a Video
Let’s make a change!
Step 1
Get into groups of four students. Brainstorm some ideas on how you can
communicate all the good things your community or city has so as to make
it an attractive place for tourists. If you don't think your community is
attractive, brainstorm ideas that you think would help. Write your best
ideas on the lines below.
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Step 2
Come to an agreement with each other on the best way to make a video
of your community or city for tourists.
Below are two examples of ideas for videos.
a. There is this wonderful park where you can walk and jog.
b. There is a house that is very ancient and there are some stories about it.
Step 3
Prepare a 10-minute video along with an oral presentation to explain your

ideas.
Step 4
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32
English What incredible stories
Pedagogical Module 5 have you heard?
Ninth Grade EGB
4 Legends, mythological creatures
Hi
st
or
3
y
Past progressive
La
ng
Oscar Wilde,
5
ua
Edgar Allan Poe
ge
2
ish
Simple past
an
d
gl
Li
te
En
ra
Unreal
tu
re
Commenting The meaning
adverbs 1 World 6 of dreams
Ps
yc
ol
og
hy
Values
10 Critical thinking 9 Identity 8 Respect 7 Interculturality
Stories from The Past

Legends, fantasy stories, spooky stories; they are
all part of culture. Every legend or unreal tale has an
element that isn’t true, but it relates a little to reality.
These stories are known because older people
transmit them to younger generations, and in other
cases, younger people tend to create myths or new
stories based on their reality. These modern myths,
or urban legends, become popular on the internet
and social networks. Nevertheless, it’s absolutely
important to know about the origin of each tale, and
keep in mind that they are only a story, something
that isn’t true at all. These amazing stories are part
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of our identity. It’s great to know about them and

share them with other people.
• What are the most famous legends in your city?
• What are you afraid of?
• Are you superstitious?
1
Lesson A
Is it possible that there are haunted castles in Europe?
Castles in Europe
Do you believe in ghosts?
Why? Have you heard about
haunted buildings? Some cities are famous for one reason, haunted castles. People in each
city are in charge of telling each story to foreigners and local citizens. Most
of these castles are in Europe, there aren’t too many in Latin America.
Chateau de Brissac in France is probably one of the most haunted and
ancient castles in the country. It was built in the 11th century. Honestly,
it looks like a church. The spooky story behind this building is that the
ghosts of its owners still live there. There are some pictures to prove this,
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but you never know. People can go there by train or car, it’s not expensive.
Proveglia is an island close to Venice, Italy. There is an old building,
which was a hospital for people with mental illnesses. This place is
“haunted” because, according to the legend, the doctor who was in charge
Match the pictures and the
of some patients, lost his mind and became crazy. People say his spirit still
sentences. Write the letter
lives there. Geographically, visitors have to take a boat to go there, so it’s
of the sentence below the
picture it describes.. not possible to go by train.
a. Some people believe in Wolfsegg Castle in Germany has an interesting legend. This castle was
ghosts. built in the 1500s, and the story is that the woman who lived there with
her husband and sons died. However, some people say that they have seen
b. Old castles are great her in the castle wearing a white dress.
tourist places.
Bran Castle in Romania is definitely famous because it’s known as the
c. Some old buildings used
place where Dracula lived. A prince and a queen also lived in the castle.
today were originally
churches. Nowadays, this place has a museum, and hundreds of strange stories. It’s
not cheap to go there, and you can only go there during specific months.
d. Museums are places full
of history. Retrieved from: https://blog.eurail.com/haunted-places-europe-freak-you-out/
1. Write if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).
a. Most of the haunted castles are in Europe.

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b. A mythical character lived in the German castle.
c. People can’t go by train to the building in Italy.
d. The spirit of a woman lives in the French castle.
e. The castle of Dracula is now a church.
Ask these questions to your partner

Vocabulary • What do you know about haunted castles?
haunted. a place where • Do you think haunted castles really exist?

a ghost lives
• What other stories about haunted places do you know?
prince. son of a king
2
Oral Communication
Have you ever gone camping? What are some of the things people enjoy about camping?
Campfire Stories, Part 1
1. Listen to the conversation. Complete sentences by writing in the

missing words.
a. He called his best friend, , they went
b. Guess . They never returned.

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c. It like a story for kids.
2. Listen to the conversation again. Write numbers next to the events in Audio
the order that you heard them. Listen to the first part of this
conversation.
Two boys went to the forest to look for something.
The boys disappeared.
A group of friends went camping.
A muddy monster caught the two boys.
The friends were hungry.
3. Write the letters of the sentences under the pictures they describe.
Tip
a. I always go camping with my family.
Use these expressions when
b. We sat around the campfire. telling a story.:
c. I love to look at the stars at night. It seems: to make comparisons
d. My little brother is always muddy after school. Guess what?: make a pause in
storytelling to continue with
a shocking or surprising aspect
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4. Work with a partner. Write a dialogue about a time you were camping or
in nature somewhere.
b
Vocabulary
a
muddy. covered with mud

b
campfire. fire in a camp
a
spooky. scary
b
3
Reading
Do you like reading stories about ghosts? What do you know about Oscar Wilde?
The Canterville Ghost
Oscar Wilde was a British-Irish writer. He was famous because of his

great talent to write fantasy stories, tales and novels. Moreover, he wrote
some poems inspired by Shakespeare’s work. He also worked as a journalist
for some newspapers in the 1890s. He was popular because he had a unique
way of dressing and thinking.
One of his most famous tales is “The Canterville Ghost”. This story is
a tale that talks about a ghost who lives in a castle in Caterville, England.
An American family – mother, father, a daughter and two twin boys– buys
the castle, and they ignore the warnings that the ghost of Lord Canterville
walks in the castle with chains on his feet. This lord killed his wife three
hundred years ago, and his spirit couldn’t leave the castle. The ghost tries
to scare the family, but the children of the house joke about him. Virginia,
Pixabay / Reinhold Silbermann
who is the youngest, helps Lord Canterville find peace for his soul. In the
end, the ghost could find peace after his death, and the family lives in the
castle for many years.
Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2019/nov/21/canterville-ghost-review-oscar-wilde-
unicorn-theatre-london
1. Read the article again. Complete the sentence with one word from
the box.
lady - chains - clothes - boys - poet - spirit
a. Another great inspired Oscar Wilde’s tales.

Ask these questions to your b. Wilde was also famous because he used unusual .
partner.
c. The Canterville Ghost is a story about a who lived in
• Are you interested in reading an old castle.
the book? Why?
d. The ghost had .
• Why do you think Virginia
helped the ghost? e. Two little weren’t afraid of the ghost.
f. A young helped the ghost.
2. Read the article again. Answer the questions.
a. Describe Oscar Wilde.

Vocabulary

journalist. a professional who
writes for newspapers b. How many people lived in the castle?
twin. two babies born from

one pregnancy c. Why was the spirit in the castle?
chain. a series of metal links
4
Writing
What spooky experiences have you had?
Spooky and Fun Stories
Grammar Tip
Hi readers! Commenting Adverbs
Welcome to my new blog entry. This time, I’ll share with you something You can use adverbs to give
that happened to me last week. your opinion about something.
Add “-ly” to many adjectives.
It was a quiet evening in my house and I was watching TV. Honestly, You can start sentences with
I wasn’t paying attention to the movie too much because I was sleepy. these adverbs.
I woke up because I heard a noise in the kitchen. I went to see what
the noise was, but I couldn’t find anything weird, just some fruit For example:
on the floor. Personally, I don’t believe in ghosts and stuff like, but Honestly, I wasn’t paying attention
for a minute I was scared. I looked in the cabinets, but there wasn’t to the movie.
anything. Surprinsingly, my cat appeared from nowhere, and he
must have been playing with the fruit because he loves to play with Personally, I don’t believe in ghosts
apples and oranges especially. Luckily, I solved the mystery of the and stuff like.
strange noise in the kitchen. It was my cat which moved some apples.
Hopefully, it wasn’t a ghost! Surprinsingly, my cat appeared
from nowhere.
How about you? Have you had any spooky experiences? Tell us.
Luckily, I solved the mistery of the
strange noise in the kitchen.
1. Answer these questions. Hopefully, it wasn’t a ghost!
a. What spooky experiences have you had or heard about?
b. Where were you? or Who told you that story?
c. Were you with someone?
d. What happened at the end?
2. Use your answers from the previous activity and write your a paragraph
about a spooky event.
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5
What do you know about horror-fiction literature?
The Raven
Edgar Allan Poe was an American poet and writer. He had a complicated
life, and he expressed his feeling through poetry. Most of his poems don’t
talk about happiness or love, they talk about sadness and disappointment.
One of his most remarkable poems is The Raven.
This fictional poem is a little bit scary. The author said he got inspiration
from a sad situation, when his girlfriend died, and he reflected his sadness
in the poem. A newspaper published the poem in 1845, and after that the
poem was part of a book. It talks about a raven who suddenly entered
k through a window while a depressed man was in his room. The man was
pi
ee sad because his young wife, Leonora, died of tuberculosis. This strange bird
Fr
talked, and the only word it said was “nevermore”. It was disturbing, and
the raven never left the room. It was there to remind the man of his sadness
because of his wife’s death
Read the comments about the
poem. Answer the questions. Here is an excerpt from the poem:
• Do comments A and B
say good things about the “With such name as “Nevermore.”
poem? How? “But the Raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only
That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour.”
• Does comment C say good
things about the poem?
How? Here are some comments about this poem:
• What words did the experts a. “Poe illustrated cleverly the way he felt because of his loss”.
use in their comments?
b. “Apparently it’s just a poem, but it’s more a spooky tale”.
c. “Unfortunately, it doesn’t last long. It’s an amazing and scary short story”.
Write a comment about the Retrieved from: https://time.com/3676510/edgar-allan-poe-raven/
poem. Use commenting
adverbs from page 5.
1. Read the article again. Choose the correct answer.
•
• a. What’s the main topic in Poe’s poems?

•
love / sadness / happiness
•
b. Where did the author publish this poem?
•
nowhere / newspaper / book
Share with your classmates.
c. What happened to the author’s girlfriend?
Vocabulary She went away / She didn’t love him / She died
sadness. feeling sad d. What entered into the man’s room?

raven. black bird two birds / a black bird / a white bird
outpour. strong feeling
6
Oral Communication
Do you know spooky stories to tell at night?
Campfire Stories, Part 2
1. Listen to the conversation again. Write if the sentences are True(T) or

False(F). Audio
Listen to the second part of
the previous conversation.
a. Everybody wants to listen to Tony’s story.
b. Tony’s story is a horror story.
c. His story is not new for his friends.

Ask these questions to your
d. They read the story in class. partner.
e. Tony was afraid at the end. • Have you heard the story
Tony is telling?
2. Listen to the conversation again. Complete the sentences with the • Do you like to tell spooky
words you hear. There’s a picture next to each space to help you. stories to your friends?
• Do you prefer reading books

or watching movies?
a. I’m going to the
Tip
Conversation strategy
b. There’s a story about an evil Use now to start a new topic in

a conversation.
Use follow-up questions to keep
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the conversation going. These

questions can be related to the
c. He even had a as a pet. same topic.
d. Does this evil wizard use a magic ?

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7
Lesson B
Have you heard of “El árbol de Guayaba” folktale?
Ecuadorian Folktales
Read this article about a legend in the Galapagos Islands.
The Galápagos Islands are known for folktales. Their stories or legends
include pirates, treasures, curses and so on. From all the stories you may
have heard, there is one that should not be missed. On San Cristóbal Island,
there is a legend about “El árbol de Guayaba”. According to some local people,
it is believed that the “guayaba” is a fruit that was first introduced by Manuel
Julian Cobos in 1880. It is said that this man was so overprotective towards
this tree that he would not let anyone, except for his wife and himself,
touch it or taste its fruit. He was the owner of a huge plantation, called “El
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Progreso”, so he had more than 300 workers who were wanting to try that
delicious fruit because of the sweet smell it had. As a matter of fact, the
“guayaba”, whose scientific name is Psidium Guajava, is mainly characterized
by having fragrant glands on its leaves. Among the workers, there was a
World Fact
pregnant woman who had cravings for this “guayaba”, so her husband, who
Around the world, folktales was a worker too, stole one “guayaba” for her wife. Unfortunately, he was
are part of people’s identity caught and killed because of this. The pregnant woman was so angry that
and culture. In light of this she cursed this tree with a spell that involved turning the tree into a sort of
fact, thousands of folktales plague. From that moment on, “El árbol de guayaba” can be found all over
are passed down from the Galapagos Islands, and it is considered a problem because it does not let
generation to generation. So, other trees grow properly.
let’s read about an interesting
legend from the Galapagos
Islands! According to the reading, answer the questions below in complete
1. Who was Manuel Julian Cobos?
Values: Identity
Don’t be afraid of telling folktales 2. Would you say that Manuel Julian Cobos was a bad person?
you have heard of. Be proud of Explain.
your culture and don’t let anyone
steal it from you!
Pair up and ask you partner the question below. Make sure to write
down their ideas in your notebook.
Vocabulary • Do you know an Ecuadorian legend?

folktale. legend or myth • If so, where is it from? Who told you? What is your favorite part of
the legend?
curse. evil spell
• If you do not know a legend, do you think it is a good idea for people
pass down. be inherited to pass down folktales from generation to generation? Explain.
8
Oral Communication
What makes a story scary? What do you think about spooky stories?
Just Listen to it!
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1. Listen to the conversation and decide whether the following statements
are True(T) or False(F). Audio
Listen to this conversation.
a. Max is in serious danger.
b. Glenn is pulling his friend’s leg.
c. Max loves watching scary movies.
d. Max is having a field trip soon.
a. What four-letter word does Glenn repeat four times during the
conversation? In which contexts do you think it can be used?
b. Have you ever done something similar? Explain.

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Vocabulary
spooky. scary
freak out. get very scared
9
History
Did you know that Latin America is popular because of the myths and legends every country has?
La Llorona
Read this interview. Two people are talking about a common myth known as,
“La llorona”.
Host Good morning Latin America. My name is Daniel and

today we have two people from two different countries,
Mexico and Ecuador. Both countries share a common
legend, “La llorona”, and we would like to compare the
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details of both stories, to see if there are more similarities

than differences. First, we have Antonio from Ecuador.
Antonio, tell us about “La llorona in Ecuador”.
Based on the reading, in Ecuadorian Well the myth tells us about a housewife, also known as
your notebook, complete the
“Mariangula”. In my opinion, it is related to “La llorona”
following graphic by writing
differences and similarities. from Mexico because the legend says that a female ghost
used to annoy this woman by shouting: “Mariangula, give
Example: it back to me, give back what you have taken from me”.
Host Wow, why did that ghost use to annoy Mariangula? What
did she take from her?
La Llorona Similarities La Llorona
In Ecuador between In Mexico
both Ecuadorian Well, people say she was asked to make dinner for her
husband; however, she had this bad habit of constantly
tasting the food while cooking. One night, she ended
up eating all the steaks she had cooked and there was
nothing left for her husband. Since she used to live near
a cementery, she had noticed that a burial had just taken
place. So, she went over there, opened the grave and took
the meat out of the corpse. It was a really dark thing to do,
but people say it worked because when her husband got
home, she had already cooked the meat. Her husband was
so satisfied with the food, that he fell asleep. At midnight,
she started to hear some whispers. She woke up and she
saw right in front of her the female-ghost of the female
corpse that was in that tomb saying “Mariangula, give it
back to me, give back what you have taken from me”. She
tried to wake her husband up, but he was in a deep sleep.
Pixabay / Peter H
Host Thank you for sharing this legend with us! Now, let’s
continue with Mario from México.
Mexican In Mexico, there is a legend that also includes a woman but

in a different context. The female-ghost, called “La llorona”,

Vocabulary has been seen on the roads. It is said that she tends to
cry because she is looking for her children, who she had
corpse. dead body actually murdered.
10
Oral Communication
What is scary about darkness? Are you afraid of the dark?
Have you ever watched “Are you afraid of the dark”? If not, what kind of
TV program do you think it is?
Values: Respect
When someone’s opinion

differs from your own, respect
it! Just because someone thinks
differently doesn’t mean they
are wrong!
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1. Now, listen to the conversation and answer these questions in your
own words. Audio
Listen to this conversation.
a. Did something happen to Max after seven days? Support your answer.
b. Where are they?
c. Describe what appeared at the end of the conversation?
2. What do you think about telling stories in the darkness? Do you think
it is a good or a bad idea? Answer the question and then share your
opinions with your partners.
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11
Reading
History
How are legends, myths and folktales part of people’s culture?
Oral Tradition
1. Read this article about story telling.
Story telling is one of the best ways to preserve culture because it gives
people the chance to pass down knowledge from generation to generation.
Folktales are also a way to preserve languages from an oral perspective,
because there are some languages that do not have a standardized written
system; and, therefore, no alphabet. Additionally, stories help children
develop imagination. As you can see, even if legends are only partially true,
there are many advantages when it comes to folktales and oral tradition. The
question is what happens when they are not passed down? Basically, part of
the culture itself will get lost. Because of this, you should try to document as
many legends as you can, so that they can be preserved for future generations.
So, the next time a relative or an elderly friend of yours wants to share a
legend with you, make sure to have something to document it!
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Write down some possible
ideas to change the way a. Story telling does not help preserve culture.
people think about story
b. Folktales pass down knowledge.
telling from a positive
perspective. Share them c. Thanks to legends, languages can be preserved.
in class and discuss them
in detail. Work in small groups. d. Stories help develop children’s imagination.
e. Legends are always 100 % true.
f. Folktales can be partially true.
a. Are legends culturally accepted in your city?
b. In your opinion, is it important for people to tell legends? Support

your answer.
c. In your view, who knows more legends: children, middle-aged or

elderly people? Support your answer.
Vocabulary
standardize. give something

formal rules d. Why should story-telling should be documented? Support your
answer.
document. written record,
register
12
Writing
What are some of the best legends you have heard about?
Writing a Legend
Tip
You are going to write a legend you have heard of. Your legend is expected
to be written in a paragraph. Make sure to be precise and use the past If possible, watch the “past
continuous and past simple. continuous tense vs past
simple: The Mysterious Stalker
Take the following legend as an example. (Suspense Thriller Short - ESL
Video)” video on YouTube,
so that you have a general idea
The Unknown Baby of the grammar involved.
Local people from where I live claim to have listened to a baby crying
at night. The interesting thing is that the noise is always heard in the same
place, which is, in the woods. Another creepy fact is that people who
have heard the noise had been all alone. People say they hear that noise
because many years ago a woman and her baby went missing one night in
the woods. As a matter of fact, yesterday I was walking back home, when Grammar Tip
all of the sudden I heard a baby, so I turned around but no one was there!
It’s just unbelievable! Past Progressive
(Subject + was/were + verb in
gerund –ing + Complement)
1. Now, it is your turn! Use your own information, be sure to use the past Yesterday I was walking back
continuous and past simple. home.
Longer action
Past Simple
(Subject + verb in past tense +
Complement)
When all of the sudden I heard a
baby, so I turned around but no one
was there.
Shorter action
2. Now, draw your legend! The past progressive is used

to point out a longer action in
progress in the past, where as the
past simple is used to mention
shorter actions that interrupt the
longer action. Both tenses are
separated by a comma.
Challenge. Present a five-

3. After you have finished writing your legend, exchange notebooks with minute presentation about
a partner. Review their writing and discuss possible ways to improve your legend.
the legend.
13
Assessment
Speaking
1 Interview a classmate about horror stories and 3 Take some notes. Talk to your partner about your
legends. Ask them the following questions and favorite places to travel. Where and when do you
create two of your own. Take notes. go? Who do you go with? What do you do there?
a. What’s your favorite Ecuadorian legend?
b. Have you ever gone camping?
c. Do you like spooky stories?
d. Do you prefer reading horror books or

watching horror movies?
e. ? Listening
4 Listen to the conversation between Ben and Lu
about legends and stories.
f. ?
Share with the class if there is time.
2 Work in pairs. Use details to describe one of the

pictures below.
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5 Listen to the conversation again and write if the

Student A sentences are True(T) or False(F).
Pixabay / Dina Dee
a. Ben is reading a real life story.

b. B
en has found some true stories
on the Internet.
c. Lu usually reads legends in books.
d. Ben and Lu love spooky stories.

Student B
e. Legends aren’t true at all.
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14
Assessment What incredible stories have you heard?
Writing
2 Write Paul an email. In the email write a short
1 Read this email. description of an Ecuadorrian legend you know
about.
FROM
Paul usa.friend@hotmail.com
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FROM
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TO
TO
(your name)
SUBJECT SUBJECT
Ecuadorian legend
Hi there,
How are you doing? I hope all is well. My teacher
asked me to write a legend about a foreign legend
and I was thinking about Ecuador. So, could you
help me with that info?
See you soon,
Paul
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I do it very well I do it I can improve I can’t do it

Topics
somewhat well without help
I can write and talk about events using the past simple
and past continuous.
I can talk about stories from my family and culture.
I can talk and write about past events in a spooky and

dramatic way.
I can read and understand the importance of legends
and oral traditions.
15
Project 1
Let's Make a Video!

Step 1
Get into groups of four students. Brainstorm some ideas on which legend
you and your partners want to act out and write some notes on the lines
below.
Step 2
Come to an agreement with each other on the legend you want to dramatize.
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Ideas might include proposals such as:
• “La caja ronca” in English
• “Cantuña” in English
Step 3
Prepare a 5-minute presentation. There are a lot of details involved in this

step, so plan carefully. Don’t forget to use all the new vocabulary you have
learned so far.
Step 4
Once the presentations are over, write notes about how the presentations
were similar and different. Why were some presentations better than
others? Discuss your answers in small groups or as a class.
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Step 5
As a challenge, you could start a YouTube video campaign by including as

many Ecuadorian legends as possible. The idea would be to attract tourists

by means of our legends.
Good luck with your project!!!

16
Let's Review
Vocabulary Writing
1 Complete the sentences with one word from 3 Find the mistake in each sentence and rewrite the
the box sentence correctly on the lines below.
castle - folktales - spells - spooky - campfire
a. I love to tell stories next to a with

my friends.
b. M
y uncle knows a lot of . He always
tells us about them.
c. W
itches and fantasy characters use
against people.
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d. That is a really old.
e. Some children don’t like stories. a. I definite don’t agree with your opinion about this
movie.
Grammar
2 Read this blog entry about a spooky story.

Choose the correct option to complete the
sentences in the paragraph.
Last summer vacation, I was / were / am with b. Absolute, people don’t know about folktales.
my cousins at a nice beach. We have / had
/ were having a really good time together.
I remember one night, my oldest cousin

c. Honest, our legends are part of our identity.
buyed / was buying / bought some drinks for
everybody. While we drink / drank / were
drinking them, a young lady appeared / was
appearing / did appeared . She was inviting /

d. I strong believe that ghosts don’t exist.
were invited / invited us to go dancing, and we
deciding / are deciding / decided to go. Then, we
wanted / were wanting / was wanting to ask her
for her phone number, we couldn’t find the lady.

e. P
ersonal, I think young generations have to know
about local legends and characters.
The man who sold / was solding / was selling us
the drinks said nobody was talking / talked / was
talked to us. That was spooky!
17
Lesson C
Where do legends come from?
The Origin of Legends
Legends. Where are they from? What was the first legend ever told?
It all started out in the 8th century BC with the mythological story of
Homer’s Odyssey, which introduces the so-called Cyclopes. Since then,
thousands of legends that include folklore, oral traditions and even
strange animals (or monsters) have been told. Therfore, it can be said
that what makes legends special has to do with the fact that they share
similar storylines. Moreover, according to Michael Witzel, a linguist
from Harvard University, many myths do have a common origin,
which is a rather complex point of view because not every single culture
around the world has had the chance to be in contact with each other
due to geographical reasons. Nevertheless, does this mean that human
beings share the same spiritual origins just because most of the legends
k
epi
share some common features? What do you think?

Fre
1. Read the article again. Answer the questions. Use your own words.
World Fact
Every city or small town a. What was the first legend ever told?
has its own legend, or more
recently, urban legend. The
question is: How did some
legends really begin? To find
b. What kind of mythical creature was introduced in Homer’s Odyssey?
out the answer, let’s read this
interesting paragraph!
c. What is Michael Witzel’s theory about?
d. Do you agree with Michael Witzel’s theory? yes/no. Support

your answer.
Pair up and ask you partner the question below. Make sure to write
down their ideas in your notebook.
• Do you know an urban/local legend?

Vocabulary • If so, who told you? What is your favorite part of the legend?
urban legend. a strange, • If you do not know a legend, do you think it is a good idea for people
somewhat contemporary story to come up with a legend just to pass it down from generation to
that is not completely true generation? Explain.
18
Oral Communication
Have you ever heard of “La Torera”?
She Did What?!
Values: Critical thinking
It is important to support
your point of view as long as
you provide valuable reasons!
You don’t have to agree with
Wikimedia Commons
everything people say nor

disagree with everything they
say. Just think before speaking.
1. Research La Torera and decide whether the following statements are

a. La Torera was from Quito.
b. La Torera was a bullfighter.
c. Ana Bermeo wore fashionable 1950’s women’s clothes.
d. People in their 30’s recall her.
2. After your research, answer the following questions in complete

sentences.
a. What is your opinion about Ana Bermeo?

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rnejo/F
lia Co
©Eula
b. Have you ever heard of someone similar? Describe the person.
Imagine that you are living in the time of La Torera. In groups of three Vocabulary
students, one of you is La Torera and the other two are people who
meet her on the street. What would you ask her? What would she say? bullfighter. a person who
participates in a bullfight
Write a conversation with five lines per person to perform in front of
the class. recall. remember
19
Reading
Have you ever heard of Ernesto Albán?
Don Evaristo Corral y Chancleta
When it comes to stories from Quito, Ernesto Albán, commonly known

as Don Evaristo Corral y Chancleta, is a legend! Ernesto was born in Ambato
in 1912, and he started his career as a singer as well as an actor. What is
Wikimedia Commons/ David Adam Kess
interesting about him is that he was greatly influenced by Charles Chaplin,
so he was into comedy. Furthermore, Don Evaristo was so famous that he
used to appear in Quito’s tv commercials. Moreover, he used to be the main
character in plays such as “Estampas de mi Ciudad”. The way he used to speak
is what Quiteños know as “la sal Quiteña”. Therefore, there is a statue that
portrays him as Don Evaristo which is located in La Plaza del Teatro. Next time
you visit Quito, make a stop at this place and take a picture of yourself with
Don Evaristo!

Write a paragraph about True(T) or False(F).
an icon you have in your city
or town. Share it with the a. Ernesto Albán played Don Evaristo.
whole class. Did you and your
partners write about the same b. Charles Chaplin was influenced by Ernesto Albán.
person? Explain.
c. Ernesto Albán was a singer.
d. Ernesto Albán was an actor.
e. Ernesto Albán was born in Quito.
f. Ernesto Albán influenced “la sal Quiteña”.
a. Are there any legends similar to Don Evaristo in your city?
b. In your opinion, is it important for people to have icons like Don

Evaristo? Support your answer.
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c. In your view, who knows more about icons like Don Evaristo: children,
Vocabulary middle-aged or elderly people? Support your answer.
statue. three-dimensional
sculpture, often of a person
portray. represent, depict
20
Writing
What is the strangest legend you have ever heard?
Writing a Legend in a Different Style
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You are going to write the same strange legend two different ways. The
first version will be how you normally write. To make the second version
more dramatic, use the tips below.
• Replace “a or an” with this, and replace “some” with these.
• Also change the past tense to the present simple.
1. Look at the examples below.
Normal Legend - The Unknown Baby

Some people from where I live claim to have listened to a baby crying at
night. The interesting thing is that a noise is always heard in the same place,
that is, in the woods. Another creepy fact is that people who have heard
the noise had been all alone. People say they hear that noise because many
years ago a woman and her baby went missing one night in the woods. Last
night, I was with my girlfriend walking back home and she said: “Did you
hear that?” and I answered: “Is it a baby?” and then she said: “The legend is
true. No one else except for us is here…”
Dramatic Legend - The Unknown Baby

These people from where I live claim to have listened to this baby crying
at night. The interesting thing is that this noise is always heard in the same
place, that is, in the woods. Another creepy fact is that people who hear the
noise are all alone. People say they hear that noise because many years ago After you have finished
a woman and her baby went missing one night in the woods. Last night, I writing your legend, exchange
notebooks with a partner.
am with my girlfriend walking back home and she says: “Do you hear that”?
Review their writing and
and I answer: “Is it a baby?” and then she says: “The legend is true”. No one discuss possible ways to
else except for us is here… improve the legend.
2. Now, it is your turn! Write two short paragraphs so that you notice the
difference in the style.
Normal One
Prepare a short presentation

about your legend. See which
paragraph sounds more
dramatic.
Dramatic One
21
What are some legends that include giants?
Mythological Creatures
Read this interview with 2 researchers. One of them believes giants existed,
the other one thinks they were not real.
Host Good morning Ecuador. My name is Daniel. Today

we have two remarkable researchers who are going to
defend their thesis statements regarding the existence
or nonexistence of giants. First, we have Efraín from
Ecuador. He believes that giants existed, so please tell
us about that.
Efraín Well the the truth is they existed because of the fact that
there are ancient writings that confirmed the existence of
giants. Moreover, there are some archeologists who have
Pixabay / Prawny
found giant 6,500 year-old skeletons in Bulgaria. Other

ones have been found in Rome. They are between 6 and 8
feet tall.
Host Thank you for your answer.

Who do you agree with?
Why? Discuss your answer Efraín No problem.
with a partner.
Host Next, we have Israel, who does not believe in giants. So,
please tell us why you think giants don’t exist.
Israel Well to begin with, it is a myth, so, as you know, a myth is

not always 100 % true. Second, some discoveries have been
proven to be fake.
Host Interesting! Thank you for your answer.
Israel It was a pleasure.
Read the article again. Write if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).
a. According to Efraín, giants were fake.
b. According to Efraín, there are giant skeletons in Germany.
c. According to Israel, giants were fake.

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d. According to Israel, some discoveries were fake.

Vocabulary e. There have been some archeological findings.
nonexistence. absence
22
Oral Communication
Have you been to “La Rotonda”? What kind of place do you think it is?
La Rotonda
Values: Identity
Be proud of your country!

Your nationality is part of
your identity as a citizen. All
the legends, traditions, way of
speaking, language, and food
are all part of who you are.
Wikimeidia Commons / Padaguan

1. Now, listen to the conversation and answer these questions in your
own words. Audio
a. Do you think places such as “La Rotonda” should be preserved
forever? Support your answer.
b. Where is “La Rotonda” located?
c. Explain why La Rotonda is a symbol for Guayaquil.
What do you think about people sharing information about “La Rotonda”
with tourists? Answer the question and then share your opinions with
your partners.
Pixabay / luistenemaya
23
Lesson D

Psychology
Do you believe in the interpretation of dreams? Why? or Why not?
Dreams and Culture

World Fact
Oneiromancy is the Through the years, many people have asked the same
interpretation of dreams. question. “What do dreams mean?” according to each culture.
It uses dreams to guess the In general, dreams are details which connect with spirits.
future, so experts analyze the In Colombia, the ethnic group, Kogi, thinks that the
elements of the dream to give interpretation of dreams is part of their daily activities, but when
it a meaning. This practice they have a question, they asked a priest. For example, if they
started many centuries ago, dream of snow, they will live longer. While another ethnic
and most of the experts used group interprets dreams to know future illnesses. Buddhism also
to interpret kings’ dreams, interprets dreams, and they think dreams are an expression of the
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so it was linked with the soul. Buddhist priests classify dreams in two categories: ordinary
future of a specific city. dreams (the person doesn’t have control), and lucid dreaming (the
person is aware of what he’s dreaming). Interpreting dreams is like a
religious ceremony. They also interpret dreams to predict illnesses.
According to Freud, interpreting dreams is one of the main
objectives of psychoanalysis in order to know more about a person. This
interpretation can help to know about a patient’s physical or mental
Values: Interculturality problem. Freud says that dreams are like a window to see a person’s soul.
Retrieved from: https://rinconpsicologia.com/el-sueno-traves-de-las-culturas/
There are many cultures all over
the world. Learning about each
aspect of culture helps to build 1. Read the article again. Write in which culture the description comes
from: Kogi, Buddhism or Freud.
knowledge. It’s valuable to read
and know more about other
a. Dream’s interpretations can help to know
cultures and their traditions. about people’s personalities.
b. People can control what happens in their

dreams.
c. Dreams can indicate mental problems.
d. They asked a local expert to know the meaning.

Ask these questions to your
partner. e. Interpreting dreams is a normal activity.
• Do you believe in the
meaning of dreams? Why?
2.
Complete the chart. Write similarities and differences about
• Do you usually look up for interpretation of dreams.
the meaning of a strange
dream? Why?
Kogi Buddhism Freud
Difference
Vocabulary
Similarity
interpret. to analyze in order
to give a meaning
24
Oral Communication
Have you ever dreamt that you were falling?
Dream Talks, Part 1
1. Listen to the conversation again. Complete the missing expressions.

Audio
• Hey Lucy. , I keep having the same dream, Listen to the conversation
and I always fall. about dreams.
• Mmm… . Do you feel like you are falling

from your bed?
2. Write if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).
a. Marco seems sad and sleepy.
b. Marco has a strange dream every night.
c. Marco looked for scientific information.
d. Marco’s dream has an explanation.
3. Write the letter of the question next to the appropriate response.
Pixabay / Pexels
a. You just can drink
What’s wrong with you?
some water.
b. Did you look for

I don’t feel good.
information about that?
c. What can I do when

Because it’s amazing.
that happens again?
d. Why do you love

Well, I just read a blog.
science so much?
Vocabulary
hit. strike against something

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prove. show something to be

true
25
Reading
Psychology
What are your most common dreams? Do you know their meaning?
Meaning of Dreams
1. Read this blog. Some people describe their dreams, and an expert gives
the meanings.
This blog is for curious people who want to know about the meaning of
their most recurrent dreams. A specialist in oneiromancy is giving the
meanings.
Katherine
“Hi. My name is Katherine, and I always have this recurrent dream. Last
night, I was dreaming that I was in an empty room, but nobody was using
Pixabay / Schwoaze
it. I was alone in there, and every few minutes the room changed its colors.
Then, I had a lot of paints and brushes in my hands”.
Dear Katherine, your dream means that you are discovering a

new ability you have. When you have that dream, paint what
you want on the walls.
Make a list of some of your Rony
most recurrent dreams.
Guess their possible meaning. “Hello. I’m Rony. Last week I had a strange dream. I was driving a car, but
the car wasn’t in good condition. I wasn’t afraid, but I was trying not to lose
control on the road. By the way, it was a road I didn’t know”
Dear Rony, it means that you’re an intelligent person who

is working to achieve a goal, but you don’t want to fail. Don’t
worry you’ll be fine.
Susan
“I’m Susan, and I recently had an unusual dream, in fact, a nightmare. A

strange “thing” was chasing me on a dark street. I was running very fast,
and when I turned around, it was like a monster. I was really scared and I
woke up immediately”
Dear Susan, it could be that you’re in trouble and you don’t

know what to do. You can talk to someone and try to solve
Vocabulary your problems.
recurrent. repetitive,
happening over and over 2. Now, read the blog again. In your notebook answer the questions below
in your own words.
empty. nothing inside
a. What’s the name for interpreting dreams?
nightmare. a bad and scary

dream b. What did Katherine dream about last night?
chase. run behind someone c. What’s Rony’s dream’s interpretation?

trying to catch them
d. Was Susan’s dream unusual? Why?
26
Writing
Do you tell someone your dreams?
Dream Blog
Hi, I usually dream of nice things, but lately, I’ve had nightmares.
I don’t know what to do. I wake up afraid. One of my friends told me
on this page, people can give the meaning of my dreams. This is what I
dreamt:
“I was in a dark forest with my little sister, she was crying and I tried
to calm her down, but I couldn’t because she suddenly disappeared. I was
scared. I was running and I found a huge dog. It was furious, but I found
a piece of cake in my pocket, I gave it to the dog, and it changed into a
puppy. I woke up very upset and scared”. Grammar Tip
What is the meaning of this dream? Simple Past

Use: Something happened
at a specific time in the past.
Describe a dream you had recently using past tenses that are in the
grammar tip. Auxiliar: did (questions and
short answer)
didn’t (negative sentences)
*All subject pronouns
E.g.: I didn’t remember my dream
last night.
Past Progressive
Use: Something over a period
of time that happened in the past.
Auxiliar: was/ wasn’t + v+ing
were/weren’t+ v+ing
was: I, he, she, it
were: we, you, they
E.g.: I was cooking on a campfire.
Pixabay / composita
Once you have written about your dream, exchange with a partner.
Your partner has to guess the meaning of your dream.
27
Do you usually remember your dreams?
Masterpieces, Science and Dreams

Read the article about a famous results that came from dreams.
Some artists have gotten inspiration from their dreams to create their
masterpieces.
Terminator is a science-fiction movie. Its creator was James
Cameron. This movie is about a robot who traveled in time to kill a
woman. In 1981, James Cameron was in Rome, and he had a fever. He
had a strange dream where he saw a robot with red eyes who wanted
to kill people. As soon as he woke up, he drew the robot and started to
write the script of one of the best movies in the 80s.
The Periodic Table of Elements is a useful chart for scientists because
they can see the properties of each chemical element. The creator is the
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Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleev. He developed this table based on

his experiments, but he didn’t know how to organize them until he had a
dream. In his dream, he saw the organization of each element.
Answer these questions. Paul McCartney is a rock musician. He was part of the band The
• Which masterpiece inspired Beatles. One night he had a dream of the melody of a romantic song.
in a dream called your When he woke up, he wrote that melody in a music sheet and played
attention? Why? it on the piano. He asked his family if they have heard that before. His
family was amazed by the nice new melody. That was the beginning of
the famous song, Yesterday.
1. Read the article again. Answer these questions in your notebook.

• Do you know about other
a. What do these three masterpieces have in common?
inventions inspired in a
dream? b. What invention helped science? How?
c. Which invention was an artistic expression?
2. Write the letter of the sentence with the highlighted word next to the
picture the highlighted word describes.
a. It’s a great sci-fi film.
b. The movie script is fantastic.
c. I should know the chemical elements.
d. Leo writes songs in music sheets.

Vocabulary
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develop. create
amazed. surprised
28
Oral Communication
Do you have recurrent dreams? What do you know about their meanings?
Dream Talks, Part 2
1. Listen to the conversation again. Write if the sentences

are True(T) or False(F). Audio
Listen to the second part
of this conversation about
a. Marc feels worried in his dream.
dreams.
b. Marc wants to take the exam in his dream.
c. Marc and Lucy had the same dream.
d. Marc had a dream in the bathroom.

Tip
e. Lucy prefers websites to find information.
When you are telling a story in
the past, you can use the simple
present to make your story sound
more dramatic.
For example: “I was with my
friends at a concert, and our favorite
singer showed up. It is an amazing
feeling”
The first verbs are in simple past,
and the last sentence is in simple
present to make emphasis on the
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situation and to make the story

more dramatic.
2. Listen to the conversation again. Complete the sentences with one word
from the conversation.
I was in school, I to take an exam, but I didn’t

study. You know, it’s terrible. You
desperate and anxious.
I had the same dream some weeks ago. You
to run away from the class.
And I really to go before an accident

.
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29
Assessment
Speaking 2 Work in pairs. Describe these pictures about

Interview a classmate about urban legends and recurrent dreams using the simple past.
1
dreams. Ask them the following questions and
create two of your own. Take notes.
a. Do you believe in the meaning of dreams?
Pixabay / Pexels
Pixabay / Pexels
b. What urban legend do you know?
Take some notes. Talk to your partner about

recurrent dreams that you have had.
c. What are common recurrent dreams?
d. W
hat do you remember about mythologi-
cal creatures?
Listening
3 Listen to the conversation.
4 Answer the questions using your own words.
Create 2 questions of your own

a. What was Carlos’ dream?
1
b. Did Carlos know about the legend? Explain.
2 c. What’s the legend about?

4
d. Is Carlos in Cuenca now?


30
Assessment What incredible stories have you heard?
Writing 2 Write Cindy an email to answer her question.

1 Read this email. Write a 50-60 word story about a famous icon in
Ecuador.
FROM
Cindy usa.friend@hotmail.com
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FROM
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TO
(your name) TO
SUBJECT SUBJECT
Ecuadorian icon
Hi there,
How are you doing? I hope all is well. My teacher
asked me to write a story about a famous icon
from a foreign country and I was thinking about
Ecuador. So, could you help me with that info?
See you soon,
Cindy.
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I do it very well I do it I can improve I can’t do it

Topics
somewhat well without help
I can read about and understand folktales from different

cities and cultures.
I can read and talk about dreams.
I can listen and understand information about dreams

and what they could mean.
I can write about legends and dreams using the simple
past and past progressive.
31
Project 2
Let's Talk About an Icon!
Step 1
Get into groups of four students. Brainstorm some ideas about which icon
you and your partners want to talk about. Write some notes on the lines
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below.
Tip
If possible, post it on YouTube,

but make sure to talk to your
teacher beforehand.
Step 2
Come to an agreement with each other on the icon you want to focus on.
Take for instance:
Ideas might include proposals such as:
Don Evaristo La Torera
Step 3
Prepare a 5-minute presentation. There are a lot of details involved in this

step, so plan carefully. Don’t forget to use all the new vocabulary you have
learned so far.
Step 4
Once the presentations are over, write notes about how the presentations
were similar and different. Why were some presentations better than
others? Discuss your answers in small groups or as a class.
Step 5
As a challenge, you could start a YouTube video campaign by including as

many Ecuadorian icons as possible. The idea would be to attract tourists by
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means of our popular icons.
32
English Do you like to tell
Pedagogical Module 6 stories?
Ninth Grade EGB
4 Culture
So
Infinitives and gerunds 3
c
ia
Stl
ud
ie
Adverbs of degree:
s
2
ish
too, enough, very

gl
En
Feelings and
5 emotions
Ps
yc
Agreement:
1 Experiences
ho
so and neither
og l
and Anecdotes
Values
Values y
9 Honesty 8 Diversity 7 Digital rights 6 Interculturality
Experiences and Anecdotes

People have a lot of experiences and anecdotes to share
when they are with friends and family. Some of them are
positive, others are negative. There are some stories that
we remember and like to share because they are funny,
or even scary. Nowadays with technology, people can
share stories right after they happen, even if they are on a
a trip. All these stories have something in common, they
cause people to have different feelings. The important
thing about both bad and good experiences, is that they
leave a message, and provide an opportunity to learn a
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lesson for life.
• What are the funniest anecdotes you remember that include your friends?
• What anecdotes have you told several times?
• Should people share their anecdotes on a social networking site? Explain.
1
Lesson A
How many links can you find on the Internet about one specific topic? How do you know which one is reliable?
Too Much Information?
1. Read this article about the information you find on the Internet.
The internet is a useful source for looking up information. It makes life

easy because you have access to the world with a single click. But, what
happens when you don’t know what link to click on? Here are some stories
about people who were in that situation.
My name is Mike. I’m in the third year of high school and I love the internet,
but it’s also a bit dangerous. When I have to do research for homework,
I don’t like to include information only from the Internet. I honestly prefer
books and academic papers. Once I copied some incorrect information.
Now I check the sources of what I read on the internet.
I’m Julia, and I like doing all my homework using of the internet. For my
last geography homework, I looked up information about volcanoes in Latin
America. I didn’t check the website and I just printed the first link I found. My
teacher asked me about the Amazon Volcano. I said, I think it is a river, and
my teacher replied, “Why did you write it’s a volcano?” I was so embarrassed.
I’m Carla and I don’t enjoy doing homework on the internet. Last week,
I had to do a literature homework about poets, and, to be honest, I didn’t
take my time to do it well. I just copied some information from a website.
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When I handed in my homework, I didn’t realize I hadn’t erased all the

links and ads that were copied in the document. I got a zero for my grade.
2. Write Mike, Julia or Carla in the blank in front of how they do homework.
a. looks for information in books and papers.
b. printed extra links in their homework.
c. wrote the wrong information in the homework.
d. loves the Internet for doing homework.
3. Match the sentences with the pictures. Write the letter under the picture
it describes.
A. websites B. link C. adds D. fake sites
Warning message
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http://www.
Vocabulary Warning!
cancel
grade. a score or value

on an assignment
4. Discuss the questions below in a small group.
check. review, to see

if something is correct • Have you had problems using the internet for school assignments?
and appropriate What happened?
realize. notice, understand • The Internet is most useful for which type of school assignments?
Explain.
2
Oral Communication
How often do you use social networks? What personal information is on your social network?
A Million Friends
Audio
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1. Listen to the audio and read the sentences, then write if they are True(T) Tip
or False(F) based on the audio. Compare your answers with a partner.
a. Gia has a lot of friends on her social network. You can use the following
b. Gia knows everybody on her social network.
simple expressions
to agree or disagree with
c. Zack doesn’t agree with Gia’s opinion about making friends. someone’s opinion.
d. Zack agrees with Gia’s opinion about the advantages I agree = affirmative
of social networks. I disagree = negative
Don’t use the verb to be:
2. What does Gia usually do on her social networking site. Check three I’m agree
things.
a. Looks for things to buy
b. Accepts requests
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c. Uploads pictures
d. Looks for a place to live
e. Posts personal information
3. Work with a partner to discuss the questions below.

Vocabulary
• How frequently do you check and use social networks? How many
hours of internet time is spent on social networks every day? the more the merrier. when
there are more people,
• What do you use social networks for? What should they NOT be used the event is funner
for?
3
Reading
Have you ever heard about the digital world? What do you know about it?
What is the Digital World?
1. Read this article about the digital world.
The internet is the starting point of a great digital revolution. One of the most
relevant changes in this era is communication. People used to make phone
calls. Now, thanks to smartphones and the internet, communication is faster
and easier. In fact, video calls are now part of everyday communication.
This digital world has also influenced education. Teachers have developed
many tools, and designed websites and virtual classes to make the learning
process more effective. For example, video conferences are perfect for
keeping in touch with students who can’t attend face-to-face classes.
Nowadays, social networks help support businesses to buy and sell
products, and even keep in touch with customers in a more personalized
way.
There are a lot of benefits in this digital world. However, there are also
some dangers if a person doesn’t use the internet safely. Everyone has to be
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careful online because the internet can be dangerous in many ways.
2. After reading the article again, work in small groups. Discuss, and write
the answers to the following questions in your notebook.
Interesting Facts • Explain the term “digital revolution” using your own words.
There are many businesses • What’s the most remarkable change thanks to technology? Explain.
that simply cannot function • How has technology influenced education? Explain with examples.
without technology. For
example, if the 'system • How has technology influenced small business? Explain with examples.
is down', or there is no
electricity, the business has to 3. Discuss the following questions with your partner and write your answer
below.
close.
Fortunately, there are still a. What are other advantages of the digital revolution regarding
small businesses that can education?
continue to operate in 'the
old way'.
b. What are uses for the internet that many people don’t usually think
about?
Vocabulary
era. period of time c. What do you think about “digital revolution”? Will it continue? Can
you escape it?

business. an organization
that produces a product
or provides a service
to make money
4
Writing
What are some funny anecdotes related to the use of social networks?
I Tweeted it Wrong
Sometimes you can send a message or make a call to the

wrong person because of a mistake. Many people have had
experiences and anecdotes that are... interesting.
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Hi, my name is Micaela, and I work as a secretary in a big company. We

always use social networks to keep in touch with our coworkers and,
of course, the boss. We usually send messages, and we hardly ever make
calls. I prefer sending text messages rather than sending emails. One day,
I wanted to know about the exact date of an important meeting, so I sent
a message to my boss to ask him about it. I wrote something like this:
“Hi, Rick. Can you tell me when the meeting is?”. I waited two hours, but
he didn’t answer. Then, I got a message from my cousin Rick. He wrote
me: “Hi, little cousin. I’m sorry, what meeting are you talking about?”. I
realized that I sent the message to the wrong person. I laughed, and
I explained to my cousin what happened. After that, I sent the message to
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my boss; and I changed the name of the two contacts on my phone to these:
Rick boss and Rick cousin.
1. Ask a partner the questions below. Also, discuss your answers to the
same questions.
Discusss with a partner
• Have you ever had a similar experience to the one in the reading?
the following questions.
What happened?
• What steps can you take
• Was it funny or serious? to avoid these mistakes?
• How did you handle it? • What should you do if you
know you have made
2. Now, it’s your turn. Write about a funny anecdote related to the use of a mistake?
your favorite social network. Use the simple past. Include important
details such as: what happened, who was involved, was it serious, how
did you handle it, etc. Share your anecdote with classmates.
What Reflection
When
Where
Who
5
Language through the Arts
What’s your favorite social networking site? Why do you like and use it?
Social Networks
1. Read this article about social networks.

Value: Digital rights
Social networks are an essential source of information for people of all ages.
All people have the right to To keep in touch with friends, know about breaking news, or even buy and
express themselves on social sell things.
networks respectfully. If you The company Bulletin Board System (BBS), created the first social network
share something, make sure it’s in 1974. Its objective was to inform company employees about meetings.
not offensive. Years later, people used a webpage called Blogger to share experiences in
a blog. In 2002, Friendster appeared, and people could play online games.
Two years later, in 2004, Facebook was created. Mark Zuckerberg designed
the website when he was studying at Harward University in the USA. It
was for college students, but everybody started to use it. People published
photos, comments and personal information. Facebook now has two billion
users from all around the world.
Discuss these questions in
a small group and write your One year after Facebook, YouTube was part of the internet, but it had a
answers below. different goal than Facebook. It was a website to share videos. In 2006,
Twitter started as a microblogging website, and people could only write
a. What’s your favorite social
network? Why?
140 characters.
Although social networks have a lot of benefits, people must be cautious
with the information they share online.
Adapted from: https://www.dgtraffic.com/a-brief-history-of-social-media/
b. What other social networks 2. Read the article again. Correct the mistakes in the sentences below and
do you use? rewrite them.
a. The objective of the first social network was to make friends.
b. In 2002, there was a social network to post photos.
c. Facebook has around one million users.
3. Write the use of each social network on the line next to its name.
post photos play online games watch videos inform about

meeting share feelings give opinions with a few characters
3
BBS
Blogger
Friendster
Facebook
YouTube
k
pi
ee
Fr
Twitter
6
Oral Communication
What do you use social networks for? What else can they be used for?
Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Networks
1. Listen to this interview about advantages and disadvantages of social

networks. Audio
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2. Listen to the conversation again. Complete the sentences with one word. Grammar Tip
a. People can read the on social networks. During conversations, you

can include adverbs of degree
b. Some groups help each other with situations.
when you agree or disagree
c. People create profiles just to hurt people or . with someone’s opinion.
I absolutely agree with you.
d. Most of the online can’t detect if it is a fake profile or not.
I agree entirely.
e. Users post a lot of pictures and information.
I totally disagree with your
3. Classify the advantages and disadvantages listed above by writing the opinion.
important phrase of the sentences.
Advatages Disadvantages
4. With a partner, discuss and answer the following question. What are
other advantages and disadvantages with the use of social networks
that you have personally experienced?


7
Lesson B

Social Studies
What’s the traditional dish in your city? Why is it so popular?
Food and Tradition

Traditional food is part of each country’s culture and identity. The ingredients
and the methods of cooking combine perfectly to create tasty dishes. Each
dish has a story to tell and a unique flavor which represents a city, region,
or country.
1. Read the article about typical food and cultural identity.
Food is an important part of everyone’s cultural identity. Traditional

cooking is the heart of each community’s identity. When a foreigner tries
a local dish, they learn more about the area’s traditions.
For example, when a person travels to the coast and asks for ceviche. The
tourist knows it’s made with fresh seafood, which is typical and available
in that region. On the other hand, a person who visits the highland region
can enjoy dishes prepared with pork, potatoes, and corn. In the Amazon
region, there is a great variety of exotic foods, including ants with lemon.
Visitors should try local dishes to understand the community they're
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visiting, and help the local economy.

In Ecuador, every geographical region and city has its own gastronomical
tradition. In the Galapagos and the coast, the traditional dishes are seafood.
In the highlands and the Amazon region, a variety of vegetables are always
available. Chefs and local people who know how to cook delicious dishes
which keep gastronomical traditions alive.
Circulate in the class and 2. Answer the questions below using your own words.
ask these questions to your
classmates. a. What are the three characteristics that define a community’s identity?
• What’s your favorite typical

Ecuadorian dish?
b. Why is important to try local dishes when you visit other places?
• What are the main
ingredients? Do you know
how to prepare it?
c. What are common ingredients for cooking on the Coast and in the
• What typical dish would Highlands?
you like to try? Why?
Coast
Highlands
d. Who produces the ingredients to prepare the local dishes?
3. Write in your notebook the food of the each region: Coast, Higlands and
Amazon region. Some words can be in two or more regions.
Vocabulary
highlands. an area of high potatoes shrimp yuca crab green plantain

mountains tomatoes corn peas cocoa coffee banana rice
8
Oral Communication
What foods have you tried that many people would consider strange? Have you ever tried chontacuros or ants?
Food Experiences
1. Listen to the conversation about food experiences.

Audio
CreativeCommons/Agencia de Noticias Andes

Grammar Tip
To express agreement with

a statement, you can use so
and neither. The auxilary verb
needs to match the verb in the
first statement. Both so and
neither are used to agree.
So is used to agree with a
2. Listen to the conversation again. Circle if the sentences are True(T) statement which is affirmative.
or False(F). If they are false, discuss with a partner why.
Josue: ‘I am tired.’
a. John went to the Amazon with his whole family.
Peter: ‘So am I.’
b. John published some photos of his trip.
c. John didn’t like chontacuros. Cristina: ‘I have been to the

Galapagos.’
d. Both have eaten ants before.
Francisco: ‘So have I.’
e. Both loved eating cuy.
Neither is used to agree with
3. Write an appropriate response to each statement. Use So and Neither.
a negative statement:
Look at the tip on this page before answering. Mike: ‘I don't like classical music.’
a. I don’t like seafood. Fred: ‘Neither do I.’
b. I haven’t tried fanesca before.
Jose: ‘They didn't watch the game
c. I didn’t drink colada morada last November because it was all gone. on TV.’
Peter: ‘Niether did we.’
d. I’m cooking a delicious dessert. If you disagree with the
e. I ate corviche on my last vacation. statement, you need to explain
your reasons why.
4. Ask a classmate the questions below and write down their name and
answer. You may share the most interesting answers with the whole class.
Katy: ‘Ecuador is the best country
in the world.’
a. What are the most typical dishes in the Highlands?
Galo: ‘I disagree because it is
dangerous and very disorganized.’
b. Have you tried them before? When and where did you try them?
c. What are some typical dishes in the Oriente?
9
Why do you think cooking shows are so popular? Which TV shows about cooking have you watched?
Andrew Zimmern-Weird Food Lover
1. Read this article about a culinary expert.
Andre Zimmern is an American chef, and his most famous show is Bizarre
Foods. This program is very popular because it is about Andrew’s trips to
many parts of the world. The main objective of the show is to present exotic
foods, which Andrew eats and talks about. He goes all over the world, and
every place is a great experience. Below are comments about some of his
most remarkable trips.
In the Philippines, Zimmern tried shrimp pancakes because he loves
seafood. As a dessert, he had a delicious bun made from cheese ice cream.
In Oaxaca, Mexico, he ate insects. A typical dish in that city is grasshopper,
or chapulines. Their flavor was unique because they were served with a hot
chili pepper sauce.
In Bolivia, he drank a glass of mocochinchi. This is a typical drink that has
peach juice and cinnamon. It’s sweet and a great cocktail.
In Delhi, India, he tried some flowers and fruits. In India, they don’t eat
beef, so they prepare other types of food. For example, Zimmern tried
boiled banana flower with curry, which is a traditional vegetarian dish.
Andrew Zimmern has had many experiences with international food,
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which is a way to learn about the place you are visiting.

Fried grasshoper
2. Work with a partner and read the article again. Then, asnwer the
questions below.
a. What’s the main objective of his TV show?
Interesting Facts
In many parts of the world,

insects are a common food
enjoyed by many people. b. What sweet dish did he eat in the Philippines?
Insects are plentiful,
inexpensive, and high
in protien.
c. What makes chapulines special?
d. What kind of food did he have in India?
Vocabulary 3. In pairs or small groups, discuss and answer the questions below.
bun. a bread roll

• Have you heard of Andrew Zimmern before? What chefs have you
grasshopper. insect heard of or seen on TV?
cinnamon. aromatic spice • Which meal from the reading have you ever tried before, or would like
to try?
10
Oral Communication
In your opinion, where can people eat the best seafood? Does it have to be at the coast?
Who Doesn’t Like Seafood?
1. Listen to the conversation.

Audio
Discuss the following

questions with a partner
or in small groups.
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• How many different places
have you tried ceviche?
2. Listen to the conversation again. Complete the sentences with specific • How can the 'same' dish be
words from the audio. prepared so many different
ways?
a. I’m I disagree with you.
Discuss the differences you
b. I agree with you. have experienced eating
c. I agree. ceviches.
3. Decide if the sentences are True(T) or False(F).
a. They are talking about seafood recipes.
b. Monica is from Manabi.
c. Cristina isn’t from Esmeraldas.
d. Julio cooks seafood.
e. Julio says everybody can cook.

Value: Diversity
4. Pair up. Create a similar conversation about food using expressions to
Ecuador is a magic and
agree or disagree with someone.
diverse country. Part of its
A: diversity is the different ways
people do things, such as
B: preparing different types of
A: food. The important thing is
to respect and appreciate the
B: diversity that makes us unique

in the world.
A:
B:
11
Reading
Value: Interculturality
Social Studies
Which exotic foods have you tried? Which would you never try? Why not?
Exotic Foods Around the World
1. Read this article about exotic food around the world.
There are a lot of exotic ingredients and tastes in each part of the world.
Each dish makes a visit someplace unique and unforgettable. However,
not everyone likes to try new foods. Below are some posts from tourists
who have tried exotic foods in different cities in Asia.
“Food in Thailand is weird but delicious. In Thailand, I found a nice street
where people can try foods including insects, frogs, and more. I bought
a serving of stir-fried silkworms. In Thai, it’s Hon Mhai. I think it’s not a
bad meal.”
“I live in Beijing, China, but I’m from Quito. I’ve tried scorpions many
times when my sister prepared them as a snack. Honestly, I liked the
ones on the street more than the ones my sister prepared. I also ate fried
scorpions with my friends from college.”
“I had an amazing experience when I was in Japan. I ordered some chicken.
What I got was a dish with some pieces of meat, and the waiter said it was
chicken liver. In Ecuador, I know it as menudencias. I hadn’t eaten them
before in Quito, but I loved them in Japan. I think the flavor was different
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because it was boiled not grilled as they are prepared in my city.”

Stir-fried silkworms
2. Read the article again. Circle the correct answer to the questions below.
Work in small groups. Discuss a. How does the visitor describe the food in Thailand?
the questions below.
good spicy delicious
• What do you know
about food in Asia? What b. What does Hon Mhai look like?
ingredients are used? How
frogs worms insects
are they cooked?
• What do you know about c. With whom did the visitor eat scorpions the first time?
food in other parts of the
friends a family member alone
world?
• What’s the most exotic d. How do people prepare chicken liver in Japan?
meal you have ever tried?
grilled stir-fried boiled
Give details about the
experience.
3. Work with a partner. Write examples of foods you can prepare using
each cooking technique.
stir-fried
Vocabulary
fried
unforgettable. something that

boiled
will always be remembered
flavor. taste of food grilled
12
Writing
What are the most delicious typical foods in your city or region?
Visit My City and Try a Dish
1. You’re going to write a blog to invite people to visit your city and try a
typical dish. Read this example.
Hi, I’m from Quito. Here there are a lot of typical dishes you can
try. There are desserts, main dishes, and, if you like to have new
experiences, you can also try exotic foods with unique ingredients.
If you come here, you can go to Mercado Central and try a delicious
soup named Yahuarlocro. It has boiled potatoes, lamb meat, and the
most exotic ingredient is sheep blood. Yes, fried lamb blood. I know it
doesn’t sound tasty, but you are going to enjoy it. If you are thirsty, you
can drink natural juices with alfalfa.
2. In small groups, discuss the questions below and write ideas in your
notebook.
• What’s one of the most typical meals in your city?
• What are the ingredients?
• How do people prepare the dish? Bolied, roasted, fried?
• Where can people try it?
3. Now, it’s your turn. Write your blog to invite people to try a typical dish.
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1 What is it:
2 What are the ingredients:
4 Where can you get it:
5 Conclusion:
3 How is it prepared:
13
Assessment
Speaking Listening
1 Interview a classmate about social media. Ask them 3 Listen to this conversation about recipes.
the following questions and create one of your own.
Take notes. 4 Listen to the conversation again. Circle the correct
a. What’s your favorite social network? answer.
a. What dish does George’s mom want to prepare?
b. What are the advantages of social networks? corviche pristiños ceviche
b. Where can people usually find pristiños?

local markets supermarkets
c. What’s the most popular social network? grandma’s house
c. Are pristiños a kind of dessert?

d. What do you use the Internet for? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
d. What is George’s mom looking for?

a video a recipe a spoon
e. e. Does George go to buy the ingredients with his

mom?
?
Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
2 Work in pairs. Describe these pictures about typical
food. Describe the dish and the possible ingredients
they have. 5 Listen to the conversation again and answer the
following questions in your own words.
A
a. Why can’t George’s mom find a recipe?
Pixabay/M. Merino
Picture A:
b. What did George find on the internet?
c. Explain how the website was useful?

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Picture B:
14
Assessment Do you like to tell stories?
Writing Reading
1 Read this email.

Ecuadorian food consists mainly of soup and stews,
rice, eggs, and vegetables. Seafood is excellent, even
in the highlands. Local specialties include ceviche,
seafood prepared in lemon juice; and baked pig, or
hornado.
Potatoes and yuca, are also an essential part of the
Ecuadorian gastronomy, and plantains also accompany
many plates.
In the highlands, trout and cuy (guinea pig) are
popular delicacies. The coastal region is renowned for
its delectable seafood, especially the ceviche (typically
shrimp or other shellfish prepared in lime juice
with onions, tomatoes, and cilantro and served with
popcorn or fried plantain chips). Another popular
plate is encebollado, a fish soup that has gained a
2 Write Paul an email to answer his question. Answer reputation as a national dish.
his question using between 40-50 words.
Adapted from https://www.adventure-life.com/ecuador/articles/history
3 Answer the following questions using your own

words.
a. What are some typical ingredients in

Ecuadorian food?
b. Where can you find good seafood in Ecuador?
c. What is a popular dish in all parts of Ecuador?

I do it I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics very well somewhat well improve without help
I can discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using the internet.

I can read and make decisions about appropriate use of social networks.
I can discuss my experiences with local and exotic foods.
I can read and write about a variety of foods.
15
Project 1
Sharing Recipes!
Talk to various friends and family members to get some ideas about recipes
to share.
1 Get into groups of four students. Brainstorm

some ideas about recipes, how to prepare
them, and how they could be put on a website.
Write notes on the lines below:
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Tip
2 Come to an agreement with each other on
what dishes and how many recipes you want
Don’t translate the names of to include on your website. For example:
typical dishes. Ideas might include only typical Ecuadorian
dishes such as: Fritada or Ceviche
Furthermore, there are many
details to include in writing
down a recipe. More than
just the ingredients, you need
3 Write down the recipes and include any extra
information. Don’t forget to use all the new
to indicate the sequence of vocabulary you have learned so far. Make sure
steps to complete in detail, to include the city the dish is from and the
along with how long it will ingredients.
take to complete.
4 You recipe needs to include the following:
• list of ingredients
• amount of time to prepare
• step by step instructions
• special utensils needed
• possible modifications
5 Decide on the design of your website.

Finally, create your own website.
16
Let’s review!
Vocabulary Writing
1 Choose a word from the box below to complete the 3 Find the mistakes in the sentences below. The
sentences. rewrite the sentences correctly.
boiled conferences fried a. I’m agree with your opinion about the dangers of
social networks.
network ants pages
a. I always look for information in books, magazines

and some web . b. She disagree totally with me.
b. Video can help to have a

better communication with people.
c. My best friend publishes a lot of pictures on her c. My teacher says he isn’t agree with our project.
social .
d. My family loves to eat

vegetables. They’re healthy.
d. So I do agree with everbody’s opinion.
e. I don’t like chicken. It has too
many calories.
f. Exotic foods include, worms,

and frogs.
e. He doesn't really agree right now.
Grammar
2 Read this paragraph. Then circle the correct answer

to fill in the blanks in the sentences. (simple past/
present perfect)
I’m a lover of exotic food from around the world.
In my free time, I post on my blog about my
experiences. Last month, I 1
in Hawaii, and I had a serving of squid luau. I’ve
never 2 that before. In my
hometown there’s just normal seafood. I remember
I3 fish with my mom, but never
squid. Anyway, I 4 the flavor.
Have you ever 5 a cocktail with
vanilla ice cream, coffee and sum? I did in Honolulu.
It’s amazing!
1. am - was - been
2. tried - trying - try
3. preparing - prepared - prepare

4. am like - liked - like
5. drank - drink - drunk
17
Lesson C

Psychology
Are feelings and emotions synonyms? What are the differences between them?
Feelings and Emotions
1. People say feelings and emotions are shaped by culture. Does this mean
both terms can be applied to human beings? To find out the answer,
let’s read the following paragraph!
Actually, both terms share similar elements, but they are not the same
thing. Feelings are formed in the conscious mind, whereas, emotions can
be formed either consciously or subconsciously. Feelings include physical
sensations such as hunger or pain, while emotions involve emotional
experiences such as sadness and joy. In fact, it is said some people spend
years trying to understand the depths of their emotions. Regarding animals,
it is believed that most animals feel emotions because of the way they react
under some circumstances. However, there is not a definite answer since
there are scientists who believe some animals feel emotions, while others
think animals act according to their instincts and not emotions or feelings.
What do you think?
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Adapted from: https://counseling.online.wfu.edu/blog/difference-feelings-emotions/
2. Read the article again. Circle True(T) or False(F) for the statements below.
Think About it...
a. Both emotions and feelings share similar elements.
Work in small groups
to discuss the following b. Emotions form only in the conscious mind.
questions:
c. Feelings form either consciously or subconsciously.
• What feelings and emotions
you would add to the list on d. Feelings include physical sensations.
the right?
e. Emotions involve emotional experiences.
• What are the feelings and
emotions that you feel most f. Some people spend years trying to understand their feelings.
often?
3. Based on the reading activity, write down the words in the category they
belong to.
joy Feelings Emotions

hunger
sadness
pain
love
tiredness
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4. Pair up and ask you partner the question below, and write in your
notebook their ideas.
Vocabulary Do all scientists agree with the fact that animals do not have feelings and
emotions? Yes/No. Support your answer.
definite. precise, certain
18
Oral Communication
Have you ever heard of “personality types”? What type of personality do you have?
Personality Types
1. Listen to four people talk about their personality.

Audio
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2. In the table, write down one of the adjectives below to describe their
personalities. Also, try to write down two other adjectives that are
common with people that have the first adjective. Work in small groups
to discuss your ideas.
funny introvert thoughtful extrovert
Richard Maggie Daniel Sarah • Do you have friends

that have a variety of
personalities, or are your
friends all similar?
• What do you enjoy about

each personality type?
3. Use one of the adjectives from the table above to write a sentence about
each person. For example: Beatriz is dedicated to both her work and her
family / Mike is adventurous and goes hiking every weekend.
a. Richard
b. Maggie
c. Daniel
d. Sarah
4. Listen again. Discuss the following questions with a partner and answer
them in complete sentences using your own words in your notebook. Vocabulary
• What do you think “life is short” means? Do you agree or disagree with show off. intentionally draw
that perspective? attention to yourself
• When Sarah said “There is a huge difference between making your don’t get me wrong. an
friends laugh and laughing at them!”, what do you think she meant? Do expression used to make
you agree or disagree with her opinion? sure your point was correctly
understood
• What would you say is your personality type?
hilarious. funny
19
Reading
In what ways can emotions be influenced by culture? What are some examples?
How Does Culture Shape Emotions?
1. Read this article about culture and emotions.
How does culture shape emotions? To answer this question, the concept
of culture needs to be clear. To put it in simple terms, culture is to know
“how”. It is is how you behave, how you perceive the world, how you talk,
how you do things, how you live and even how you perceive yourself.
Therefore, culture is a complex term. From this perspective, emotions
can be shaped by culture, because people around the world come from
different backgrounds and, consequently, experience emotions differently.
For this reason, when you set foot in a foreign country, the first thing
that gets your attention is how different things are such as the language,
the food, and even the air itself! It is like you are in a different world.
According to Batja Mesquita, who has researched the role of culture in
people's emotional lives, the way emotions are formed depends on their
culture. For example, some cultures do not think about their emotions as
something that lives inside of an individual, but as something between
people. For example, if I am happy, the other person is happy, too. Don’t
you think that’s an interesting perspective?
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Adapted from: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/between-cultures/201803/how-culture-shapes-emotions
2. Read the article again. Circle True(T) or False(F) for the statemnts below.
a. Culture is only related to education.
b. Culture answers the question “how”.
c. Culture is a simple term.
d. Emotions cannot be shaped by culture at all.
e. Most of Batja's research has to do with emotions across cultures.
3. Answer the questions using your own words.
a. Is culture a complex term? Support your answer.
b. What is culture? Support your answer.
c. In your view, can emotions be shaped by culture? Support your

answer.
d. Regarding culture and emotions, do you agree with Batja Mesquita?

Support your answer and share it with the whole class. Do you and
Vocabulary your partners have the same point of view?
research. investigate, look for
information
20
Writing
What is love? Can you describe different types of love?
Writing About Love
Did you know that there are different types of love? The most popular type
is romantic love; that is, the love you show to your partner. The second
one is family love, in other words, the way you feel for your parents,
siblings, and relatives. The third love is related to your own definition of Grammar Tip
love, based on your personal beliefs or culture.
Adverbs of degree
1. Now that you know that there can be different meanings of love, you Adverbs of degree are used
are going to write a paragraph about one of the three types of love. Your to intensify adjectives. Too
paragraph should be 6-10 sentences and a total of 60-70 words. Make means more than enough
sure to use too, so, very, and enough. Read the example below. or necessary. Very and so
strengthen the adjective that
follows it. Enough indicates
What is love? the right amount of something.
Love is a very beautiful feeling, and it is so amazing when you feel it!
In my view, love is mostly related to a romantic feeling. However, this
romantic feeling is not about how much you feel for a person, but how
much you know about that person. From my point of view, that is the
definition of romantic true love. For example, just because you find
someone physically attractive, doesn’t mean you are going to feel love
for that person, because that would be too idealistic. It is just not enough,
right? Feeling romantic true love definitely takes more than that.
2. Now, it is your turn! Brainstorm ideas in your notebook about a specific

type of love. Then, write your paragraph on the lines below.
What is love?
Introduction
What is love?
Conclusion
Introduction
epik
Fre
Conclusion
3. Once you are done, exchange books with a classmate. Check your
classmate’s paragraph and provide feedback, that is, ideas to improve
the paragraph. Finally, return the books to each other. In your notebook,
improve your paragraph by following your partner’s suggestions and
making changes.
21
Have you ever listened to the song “Stand by Me” by Ben. E. King? What do you think the words in the title might mean?
Stand By Me
1. Read the biography of a singer and the lyrics of one of his songs.
Ben. E. King: A Short Bio

Life without music would be a mistake, right? Benjamin Earl King, was
born in 1938 in Henderson, North Carolina in the US. He was a famous
rythm and blues (R&B) singer and record producer. “Stand by me” was
probably his biggest hit.
“Stand by Me” review
Stand by Me is a song performed by Ben. E. King and written by Jerry
Leiber and Mike Stoller. The song was so popular that there are 400
recorded versions and it has been performed by a lot of singers over the
years. Furthermore, the song was featured on the soundtrack of the film
“Stand by Me” , which is a movie whose title was based on the song’s
name itself.
Check out the lyrics.
When the night has come I won't cry, I won't cry

And the land is dark No, I won't shed a tear
And the moon is the only Just as long as you stand
light we'll see Stand by me
No, I won't be afraid And darlin', darlin'
Oh, I won't be afraid Stand by me, oh, stand by me
Just as long as you stand Oh, stand now, stand by me
Stand by me Stand by me
So darlin', darlin' stand by me, Darlin', darlin'
oh, stand by me Stand by me, oh, stand by me
Oh, stand, stand by me Oh, stand now, stand by me
Stand by me Stand by me
Whenever you're in trouble,
If the sky that we look upon Won't you stand by me?
Should tumble and fall Oh, stand by me,
Or the mountain should crumble Won't you stand now,
to the sea Oh stand, stand by me...
ik p
Source: https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/beneking/standbyme.html
Free
2. Read the article again. Circle True(T) or False(F) for the sentences below.
a. Benjamin Earl King was born in the United States of America.
b. He was a famous heavy metal singer.
c. He wrote the song “Stand by Me”.
d. The song has 400 recorded versions.

e. There was a movie that was named after the song.

Vocabulary
feature. give extra attention to 3. Listen to the song and write down your favorite part. You may find
something or someone interesting facts if you look for more information about the lyrics. Finally,
you can sing the song and work on your pronunciation.
22
Oral Communication
Can personalities change? What situations cause some people to act introverted or extroverted?
More About Personality Types
Do you think that Richard, Daniel, Maggie and Sarah were completely
honest about their personality types in the activity on page 19? It’s time to
find out! Let’s see what their best friends say about them.
1. Listen to four people talk about their friends’ personality.

Audio
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2. Listen to the conversation and complete the following chart.
Who Talks about They are...
Julio Richard Friends
3. Now, listen to the conversation again and answer these questions in

your own words.
a. What was another aspect of Richard’s personality that you didn’t

know about?
b. What was another aspect of Daniel’s personality that you didn’t know
about?
Vocabulary
bossy. authoritarian, someone

c. What was another aspect of Maggie’s personality that you didn’t that tells others what to do
know about?
sympathetic. caring
anxious. nervous about what

d. What was another aspect of Sarah’s personality that you didn’t know could happen
about?
childish. immature
23
Lesson D
What role should values have in formal education?
The Importance of Values
Education without moral values is not education. To begin with, education

is a term that comes from the Latin word “educare”, which literally means “to
bring up.” Therefore, it gives us the idea that education brings out the best in
us, it helps to show our best qualities. Consequently, one can’t show their best
qualities if values are not taken into account. So, why are values so important?
1. Read this article about values and inventions.
In 1945, the atomic bomb was created by scientists, who, in theory,

received formal education. The question is: were they really educated?
This question arises because of the fact that their invention killed more
than 200,000 people. If those scientists had shown some moral values,
they would have used their knowledge for the greater-good and not for
killing people. Surprised? Well, you shouldn't be, because this is just one
Wikimedia Commons/Charles Levy
example among many. Therefore, if you have the opportunity to study,

don't forget about values, because if you do, no matter how many degrees
you get in your life, they will be useless if your purpose is to make yourself
feel happy at the expense of making others miserable. For all these reasons,
moral values must play an important role in education.
Adapted from: https://www.atomicheritage.org/history/bombings-hiroshima-and-nagasaki-1945
Nuclear explosion in Nagasaki (August 9, 1945).
2. Read the article again. Write True(T) or False(F) for the sentences below.
a. Education without moral values can be considered a good

education.
b. Just because someone has a degree doesn't mean this

Pair up and ask you partner person show good values.
the questions below.
c. "Educated" people have done terrible things.
Let's suppose you are done
with your studies and you are d. Real education means using your knowledge to help yourself
already a professional. What and others.
temptations might make you
e. Moral values should be optional in schools and high schools.
lower, or even ignore your
moral values? How could you
avoid those temptations by 3. Based on the reading, write the name of the invention that was created
means of moral values? without taking into account moral values and the consequences it
brought to humanity. With a partner, add other inventions that have
caused negative consequences.
Invention Consequences
Vocabulary
greater-good. benefit to
everyone in society
miserable. unhappy
24
Oral Communication
What do you do when you find something that does not belong to you?
Honesty
1. Listen to the first part of the conversation between Cinthy and Daniel.
Audio
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Value: Honesty
2. Listen to the conversation again. Write True(T) or False(F) or Need more A true friend is the one who
Information(NI). will tell you the truth, even
if it hurts. We should always
a. Cinthy and Daniel both live near the library. take into consideration good
advice, especially when it is
b. Daniel saw the phone first.
from someone you respect
c. Cinthy took the phone. and they are honest.
d. They thought they could sell the phone.
3. Listen again and answer the following questions in your own words.
a. What is your point of view about what happened?
b. Who is responsible for what happened?
Work in small groups.

c. What do you think will happen next? Brainstorm situations you
know about when being
honest was important. Some
examples should be about
when people acted honestly.
d. Describe what you would do in the same situation. You can also describe
situations and ask each other
the most honest way to
handle the situation.
25
Reading
What are some different ways of showing gratitude instead of saying “thank you?”
Showing Gratitude
1. Read this article about gratitude.
Being grateful has positive effects on one’s health. It improves people’s

well-being and their relationships with others. Saying “thank you” is a
very good first step. Expressing sincere gratitude, with a gift, a nice word,
or practical help; makes the giver feel much more valued and appreciated.
Thus, if you make others happy, you will be happy too. So the next time
someone does something good for you, aside from saying “thank you”,
make sure you spend time with them because that is another very good
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way of showing gratitude. Finally, remember that when you do something

good for somebody, don’t expect something in return. Simply do the right
thing and set an example for others.
2. Read the article again. Circle True(T) or False(F) for the sentences below.
a. Showing gratitude can affect on one’s health.
b. Expressing gratitude helps relationships with others.
c. Being thankful does not help with your well-being.
d. Everyone has something to be grateful for.
e. People should give without expecting anything in return.
a. What are some things you have done to show gratitude? Use
examples.
b. Drawing on your experience, is it easy or hard to show gratitude?

Explain.
c. Do you agree with the content of the text above? Support your answer
Vocabulary and share it with a classmate.
aside from. not including
well-being. health, happiness,

self-esteem
26
Writing
Which values are the most important for you?
Your Most Important Value
Did you know that there are different types of values? When it comes to
values, the best thing you can do is focus on moral values such as the ones
covered on page 24.
1. You are going to write a paragraph about a value that is very important to
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you. Your paragraph should be 60-70 words. In small groups, brainstorm
ideas about different values, why they are important, and how you can
show them in your daily life. Write your ideas in your notebook. Make
sure to use infinitives and gerunds when you write your pargraph. Grammar Tip
2. Read the following paragraph as an example where infinitives are Infinitives and gerunds
underlined and gerunds are in blue.
Infinitives are verbs that are
preceded by the preposition “to”.
My most important value
For example: I want to study law.
Courage is the most important value I can think of. I gives you the
possibility of standing up for your beliefs. Society wants us to think in So, in this example, the
the same way, and if you think differently, you are rejected or seen as a verb “study” is considered
weirdo, which makes no sense at all. Therefore, I like showing courage as an infinitive because the
whenever I have to, I mean, I think courage is important. preposition “to” is placed right
before it.
3. Now, it is your turn! Write a paragraph about your most important value Gerunds are formed with verbs
on the lines below. that end in –ing , and they
actually work as a noun.
My most important value...
Take for instance: I suggest
studying law.
In the previous example, the
verb study is considered a
gerund because it ends in –ing.
How do you know when to use
gerunds and infinitives? The
information below has some
common examples.
Verbs + infinitives
Want, need, decide, plan, hope.
Verb + inf = want to go, hope
to win
Verbs + gerunds
Mind, suggest, finish, spend.
Suggest traveling, finish
4. When you are done with your paragraph, exchange books with a
classmate. Check your classmate’s paragraph and give feedback and working
suggestions to improve the paragraph. When you get your book back,
Verbs + infinitives or gerunds

you can improve your paragraph by following your partner’s suggestions.
Like, love, begin, hate, start,
5. Prepare an oral presentation about your most important value. After prefer
listening to all of your classmates presentations, discuss which were the
most interesting and of the best quality.
27
Give examples of what you think is included in “values-based” education?
Values-Based Education
1. Read this article about VBE.
What does VBE stand for? It stands for values-based education. When
it comes to values in Education, only positive values should be included,
in order to make positive changes in education. It is assumed that ethical
thinking comes from families, but this can no longer be 100% true, because
families are not the same as centuries ago. Therefore, schools must also be
a foundation to build an ethically-based society. This does not mean that
families have nothing to do with teaching values. Instead, both schools
and families must play an important role in teaching values to children
and students.
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Source: https://medium.com/@dr.neilhawkes/values-based-education-vbe-de2cc87f051d
2. Read the article again. Write True(T) or False(F) for the sentences below.
a. VBE stands for values-based-educators.
b. VBE includes only positive values.
c. Families are the only ones responsible for teaching values.
d. Schools are the only ones responsible for teaching values.
3. Work in a small group discuss the following questions.
• What are some advantages of the VBE approach to education?
• After reading the text, write what VBE is in your own words?
• After learning about VBE, what are some questions that would help
you to understand it more clearly?
4. In pairs or a small group, discuss the following questions in order to

write answers on the lines below. Do you think VBE could be effectively
applied in Ecuador? If so, what do you think some of the benefits would
be? Give examples of how it could be implemented.
Example Benefit
Vocabulary
foundation. basis, base

upon which other things are
learned or built
28
Oral Communication
Are you honest all of the time? When are you not honest? Why not?
Testing Your Honesty
1. Do you remember the two people who found a phone in the library?
What do you think will happen next? It’s time to find out! Let’s see what Audio
happened. Listen to the second part of the conversation between Cinthy Listen to the dialogue.
and Daniel.
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Value: Honesty
2. Listen to the conversation again. Choose if the sentences are True(T) or Honesty is a big part of the
False(F). “Golden rule”. It says we should
do things for other people as
a. The phone rang a block away from the library. we hope they would be done
b. Daniel turned off the phone when it started ringing. for us. Returning something
that you find to its owner is a
c. At the end of the day, neither regretted turning in the phone. perfect example of that.
d. Daniel returned the phone to the owner personally.
e. After returning the phone, Cinthy felt better.
3. On the lines below, write notes to answer the question. Include what
happened, when it happened, what you did, etc. Prepare to explain your
experience with everybody in your group.
When was your honesty tested?
Vocabulary
owner. who it belongs to
turn in. give something to

authorities
29
Assessment
Speaking
1 Interview a classmate about values, feelings and B
emotions. Ask them the following questions and
create two of your own. Take notes.
a. Which values do you think are important?
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b. Do you like talking about your feelings? Yes/no, Picture B:
why?
Listening
c. Are feelings and emotions the same thing? 3 Listen to Daniel, Cinthy and the owner of the
Support your answer. phone they returned. They are talking about their
experience in the library.
4 Listen to the conversation again. Choose if the

sentences are True(T) or False(F).
a. The owner of the phone was not thankful.

d. What do you think about teaching values at
b. Cinthy and Daniel inspired the owner
school?
by what they did.
c. The owner of the phone will pay it

forward.
d. The owner brought a present for Cinthy

e. and Daniel.
? e. Cinthy and Daniel didn’t accept the present.
f.
? 5 Listen to the conversation again and answer the
following questions in your own words.
2 Work in pairs. Describe these pictures by pointing In your view, were Cinthy and Daniel completely
out the difference between feelings and emotions. honest when they explained what happened?
Support your answer.
A
Pixabay/M. Merino
Picture A:
30
Assessment Do you like to tell stories?
Writing Reading
1 Read this email.

My values have been shaped by my past experiences
and continually develop over the years. One of the
reasons why I studied Political Science and Humanities
in university was because I love to have debates with
other people. I like to be challenged and forced to
defend an argument because if done correctly, with the
use of logic and not emotion, both parties will develop
a deeper understanding for themselves and their
opponent. Growing up and listening to my family over
the dinner table discuss politics while being on the
polar opposite ends of the political spectrum has taught
me that there is a fine line between a healthy debate
and an argument. I have no doubt that as I continue to
meet new people, gain different cultural experiences
through travel, and gain new life experiences my value
system will continually develop over my lifetime.
2 Write Paul an email to answer his question.
Adapted from https://rampages.us/hayeska3/personal-values-reflection/
3 Answer the following questions using your own

words.
a. What did the author study in university?
b. When did the author discuss politics?
c. What formed the author’s values?
d. What is the difference between a debate and an

argument?

I do it very I do it somewhat I can I can’t do it
Topics well well improve without help
I can read and write about emotions.

I can talk and write about different personality types.
I can talk about different personality types.
I can read about and discuss the importance of values.
31
Project 2
Values at Schools
1 Get into groups of four students. Brainstorm some ideas

about which values should be taught and included in school
activities, and write some notes on the lines below.
Freepik
2 Come to an agreement with each other on the value(s) you

want to focus on.
For example, ideas might include proposals such as:

• Respect
• Honesty
Think about what those values look like at school, and

how they could be promoted. This part is really the most
important and must be planned well.
3 Prepare a 3-5-minute video. Don’t forget to use all the new

vocabulary you have learned so far.
4 Once all the videos have been watched, compare the videos
of all of your classmates’ proposals. Do they have a lot in
common? Yes/no, why?
Vocabulary
5
Finally, think anbout on how to start a YouTube video

interviewee. the person campaign by taking into account as many values as possible.
interviewed that answers The idea would be to make a change in the place where you
the questions study by means of values.
32

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English What do you do in

Pedagogical Module 1 your free time?

Ninth Grade EGB

Connecting words 4 Music festivals:

11 Tolerance 10 Freedom of speech 9 Human rights 8 Interculturality

Time Management is the Key to Success and Having Fun

• What do you usually do after school?

• Are you interested in starting a new hobby? Which one? Why?

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What kind of music do you like?

The Importance of Music

Value: Interculturality Did you know that you can manage

c. Why is it important to relax before a difficult task?

quick happy effective correct

stress. feeling of pressure

How do you feel before an exam? Stressed, relaxed, confident?

Preparing for Exams

relieve. to reduce or eliminate

festival. large party with

b. Gina is ready for the exams.

c. Bob really likes rock music.

d. Gina and her cousin play in a band. Tip

You can use these expressions

Why do you think electronic music is popular?

Music Festivals: Tomorrowland

Do you love electronic music? Go to Tomorrowland. It happens

Pop, hip-hop, reggaeton, salsa,

a. How old are the people who go to this event?

b. How much do people spend on the tickets?

c. Are you interested in this event? Why or why not?

2. Some friends are considering going to the Tomorrowland festival.

Vocabulary plan love buy like

accommodation. a place Joseph Tomorrowland festival, so he

to sleep away from home

Planning a Social Event

Follow these simple steps to write an invitation:

a. Choose the kind of event you want to organize such as a dance

b. Decide the place, the date, and the time.

2. Write an invitation for an event. Follow this format:

End of term party

Place, date, and time:

Price: social event. a party or dinner

How do you describe urban music?

Defining urban music is very difficult because the most popular

artists. A large, mostly young audience listens to this music. Today’s

Value: Human rights

a. rock music b. hip-hop c. jazz

• Young audiences listen to

a. jazz b. urban music c. soul

2. Each of these people are interested in music, but in different ways.

dance hip-hop music

Peter doesn’t listen to music

create a dance school

I like to in our neighborhood.

My cousin sings reggaeton while

genre. a specific type of music

1. Listen to the conversation. Answer the questions in your own words.

b. Where will John go to look for his wallet?

c. Who is Mary waiting for?

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What are your favorite sports to play and watch?

FIFA World Cup

Value: Interculturality The FIFA U-20 World Cup is a championship