ON DES NSION

by
E Janardhana, G 2 , L V E i
&
VCDA Engineers
Srrndaresan M
Sivasubramonian B
Rajarajan S
Shyam Mohan
Subrammian S
Patil MM
Dharmendra K u n m
 GSLV-MKIII CONFIGURATION
* TO LAUNCH A GTO PAYLOAD OF :- 4 TO 4.5 TOMVES
- LEO PAYLOAD OF :- 10 TONNES
* TWO AND HALF STAGE VEHICLE.:- LOM.. ...61O Tonnes
* WILL USE EFFICIENT BOOSTERS AND STAGES WITH STATE OF
ART MATERIALS AND DESIGN METHODS, RUGGED, LEAST COST AND
RELIABLE, CONTINGENCY PLAN; & FUTURE REQUTlREMENTS.
* S200 WITH o=0.13. *LlOO/Ll30WITH u=0.10TOO.l1
* C-25 IDIGENOUS STAGE WITH o =0.142.
SOrClE IVAJOR FEATURES:
* S200 BOOSTER WITH ESR 15-CDV6 & FLEXNOZZLE
* LARGE SOLID PROPELLENT MODULAR GRAIN DESIGN.
* TWIN CLUSTERED LIQUID ENGINE AND REGENERATIVE
COOLED OPTION, FORWARD THRUST TRANSFER.
* HONEYCOMB SADWICH COMPOSITE HEATSHIELD, CFRP
INTERSTAGE S
* ADVANCED GROUND *STEMS, ASSEMBLY & LAUNCH.
 MAX HEIGHT TOTAL PROPELLANT
SYSTEM DIA(m) (m) MASS (t) MASS (t) GENERAL

Thrust: 4825 Kn (LIFT-OFF)

STAGE ISP (V): 271 SEC
s (200) ACTION TIME : 127 SEC
CORE Thrust: 1430 Kn
LIQUID ISP (V): 293 SEC
STAGE ACTION TIME : 200 SEC

LIOO
CRYO- Thrust: 200 Kn
STAGE ISP (V): 445 SEC
BURN TIME : 556 SEC

umass
Added up
1 1
of vehicle : 607.55 Tonnes.
EB MASS ADDL ......800 Kg
(payload..4.4 T & H S ..IS T )
 2S200 +LlOO +C25
CONFIGURATIONS UNDER CONSIDERATION.
NO S200 LlOO C25 HEATSHIELD
1 3.4 M 3.6 M 3.6M 3.6/4.0 M STRAIGHT
2 3.4 M 4.0 M 4.0 M 4.OM OGIVE
3 3.6 M 4.0 M 4.0 M 4.OM OGIVE
4 3.2 M 3.2 M 3.214.0 M 4.0 M UGH\%
 , HEATSHIELD
SPACECRAFT

, C 2 5 STAGE

,FIRST STAGE
SEPARATION

LlOO/L180
STAGE
r
LlOO Engine configuration

R950

GSLV MKllt
ZOO+LlOO+C25

,,,,
L I 00 CORE
GTO P/L : 4.4T STRAPON ATTACHMENT (BOTTOM) ,,
(+oa kP(L
m : IOT
LOW : 620T
 OGIVE WEATSHIELD

SPACECRAFT

C 2 5 STAGE

FIRST STAGE
SEPARATION

L100/L130 STAGE

S200 STRAPON
( 2 Nos.)

-
GSLV MKlll Version
2S200+L1 oo+c25

STRAPON ATTACHMENT (BOTTOM)

ALL CIWWSC+~S IN mm
 OGIVE HEATSHIELD

SPACECRAFT

C 2 5 STAGE

FIRST STAGE
SEPARATION

Ll03 STAGE

S2OO STRAPON

- Sl.38 STRAPON

-
GSLV MKlll Version Ill

1MPARISON BETWEEN S200 & S138 ATTACHMENT

 DESIGN ASPECTS NEEDING FINALISATION.
* S200 MOTOR PERF'ORR/ZANCE.................OPTION 5 / 8 GRAIN DESIGN
* BURN TIME DISPERSIONS ....................... .... -+ 2.5 SEC ?
* FIXED OR NO CANT FOR S 200 NOZZLE.. . ........YES/ NO
* FORWARD THEWST TRANSFER OR
BOTTOM " '' 66
...........................................
66 3

* S200 DIAMETER .... (3.2m, 3 . 4 m , 3.6m, 3 . 8 m ) ..............

3

* Ll00 PROPELLANT LADING SIZING.. ..............IOOT OR L130T

* SIZE OF LIOO TANK ............... 3.2 M OR 3.6 M OR 4.OM
* LlOO CONSTRUCTION .............. COMMON OR INDEPENDENT TANK
* MATERIAL FOR L100 17-4 PH S.S OR AFNOR-7020, AA2219 OR 15-CDV6
C
.m
.

* C25 STAGE DIAMETER. .............3.6 M OR 4.0 M

* HEATSHIELD TYPE.............OGWE OR STRAIGHT & MATERIAL CHOICE
* CONTROLLABILITY ASSESSMENT.. ......................3
" AERODYNAMICS CO-EFFICIENTS. .. . .OVERALL ASSESSMENT
 * HEATSHIELD .....
GSMKIII STRAIGHT OR OGIVE

CRY0 STAGE.. ....3.6 M

......4.0 M
.......3.2 14.OM
* LlOO SIZED FOR lOOT
OR 130T PROP ?
* SIZE.........3.2 M
.........3.6 M

* TYPE
COMMON BULKHEAD
AERODYNAMICS &
CONTROLLABILITY
INDEPENDENT TANKS
S (200 ) MOTOR :- OVERALL SPECIFICATIONS.
DIAMETER 3.4 M

LENGTH 20.0 M
PROPELLANT MASS 200 Tonne
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION ESR-15CDV6
TOTAL STAGE INERT MASS : 30.0 Tonne. ( SEE TABLE)
NOSE CONE CONFIGURATION : INCLINED (20 DEG)

MOTOR SPECIFIC IMPULSE 271 SEC.

BASE-SHROUD : 2.0 M LONG, FLARED
3.4 M TO 3.9M
FLEX NOZZLE, CONTOURED
DEFLECTION :f 5 DEG AT ACTUATOR
PLANE
ACTUATION SYSTEM :ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC
 STN. 19106
NOSE CONE
I, 'A
FORWARD THRUST
TRANSFER JOINT \I
JETTISONING ROCKETS

MOTOR CASE

AFT ATTACHMENT
TIE ROD 1-

STRAPON BASE SHROUD -

I
FLEX NOZZLE

FNC OIL/GAS STORAGE TANK

JETTISONING ROCKETS
PITCH AXIS - P*

KLMYNSKW(SNW
t 1

SRBMSTG
 3285. wsa am0
S200 MOTOR 1 I I I

S200 MOTOR DEFINITION lm

PROPELLANT : HTPB
PROPELLANT MASS (T) : 200 h
8000
No. SEGMENT :3 5
u
MOTOR DLAMETER (M) : 3.4
tim
3
TOTAL LENGTH (M) :25.472
BuRNlNG TIME (set) ._ Em
ACTION TIME (sec) : 134
MAX. THRUST (kN) : 6060 2000
TAKE OFF THRUST Vac (kN) :4978
SPECIFIC IMPULSE Vac (sec) :271
CORE MATERIAL : ESR-15CDV6 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
CONTROL (Resultant *7 deg ) : FLEX NOZZLE TlME (sec)
NOZZLE THROAT DIA. (mm) :910
AREA RATIO : l o (approx) Thrust Vs. TIME
TOTAL STAGE INERT MASS (T) : 30

SOLID STRAPON BOOSTER MOTOR (SRBM)

 S-200 MOTOR PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION
TOTAL IMPULSE 542000 kN-s

LIFT OF THRUST 4800 kN

REDUCE THRUST TO LIMIT THE AERODYNAMIC

LOADS ON THE VEHICLE DURING ATMOSPHERIC
10ooO
FLIGHT, AT 55 s TOTAL IMPULSE 300000 kN-s

LIMIT THE ACCELERATION < 4.5 g 8000

n
AT T415 S, TOTAL IMPULSE 50500G kid-s
s+
+ 6000 ACCELERATION
V)
LIMITTHE THRUST DECAY RATE < 160 kN 3 I LIMIT
w
4000
BURN TlME DISPERSION It 2.5 s THRUST
IMBALANCE
MAX. DIFFERENTIAL THRUST
BETWEEN THE MOTORS < 800 kN

LIMIT THE STAGE STRUCTURAL FACTOR 13% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

TIME (see)
LIMIT THE ACTION'TIME < 135 s

Fig. 2.1.3
MAX. NOZZLE DEFLECTION 7 deg
 S 200 MOTOR CONFIGURATION DESIGN

* PROPELLANT MASS PROP LENGTH DIA GTO P L

200T 25.472 m 3.4m 4.4 T
220T 27.0111 3.4m 4.7T
250T 30.0m 3.4m 5.2T
* PROP GRAIN DESIGN ........ OPTIONS (1 TO 10 STUDIED)
HAS INFLUENCE ON PAYLOAD, ' Q' ,TAIL-OFF, CONTROL,
SEGMENT LENGTH, BURN-OUT ACCELERATION.
* MOTOR DIAMETER ....... 3.4 m, 3.6 m, 3.8 rn
HAS INFLUENCE ON PERFORMANCE,COST ,FACILITY, DRAG.
* MATERIAL.... ESR-15CDV6, M 250, HYBRID( METAL / COMP )
" FLEX NOZZLE.........NO CANT, FIXED CANT
* ATTACHMENT LOCATIONS.......FORWARD THRUST TRANSFER.
.....AFT END THRUST TRANSFER re.
 GTO PERFORMANCE WITH DIFFERENT S200 THRUST-TIME OPTIONS
VEHICLE: 2S200 + Ll00 + C25
I
S200 THRUST-TIME OPTION ;

PARAMETER
I

PAYLOAD (kg) 1
I
4200

Mach no. 398

Q at L lGO ign. (100s)-'
Altitude (km)
11 5.4
30.0
Mach no. 1 2.59

Max. acceleration (g) 3.3

Q at S200 separation 0.08 0.02
Time (sec) 155.0 153.0
Altitude (km) 73.0 81.O 80.0 78.0 72.6 77.9
4ote : 1 lion V suggested for GSLV MK Ill
Option Vlll is a minor modi ication of 0
 S (200 ) MOTOR PERFORMANCE.
(OPTION :-5 )

PROPELLANT HTPB
PROPELLANT LOADING 201 T
TAKE-OFF THRUST
3"CJRN-OUT THRUST
PEAK TIXRUST 6045 kN.
THRUST FALL-RATE AT TAIL-OFP : 15 Tonnes / sec.
BURN TIME DISPERSION .. 2 2.5 see.
MOTOR MEOP . 5.6k 0.2 mPa.
NOZZLE AREA RATIO 10.0
MOTOR ISP (VAC) 271 see.
ACTION TIME 126.8 see.
Payload sensitivity of 5200 stage diameter.

S-200 diameter (m)

 SELECTION OF' S200 DIAMETER FOR GSMK-111.

PROPULSION PERFORfVLANCE SAME SAME SAME

GTO PAYLOAD LOSS (KG) NOM 25 50
CONTROLLABILITY ( A THRUST PERMISSABLE )
AT TAIL-OFF 3.6 cp,LlOO 75 T 65 T 55 T
WITH NO CANT. 4.0 (p,LlOO 55 T 48 T 42 T
FABRICATION /ASSEMBLY ...'............ GOOD SIMILAR DIFFICULT
DIA (M) PROP (T) I

STATE OF ART .....................SHUTTLE 3.7 500

-
ARIANE v
TITAN
OTHER FACTORS:-
+ 3-4 m DIA S200 MOTOR WILL PROVIDE FOR INTERCHANGEABILITY WITH S 138 MOTOFt.
* ALSO GENERALLY THE STRAPON MOTOR DIA WILL BE LESS THAN CORE DIAMETER.
* S200 ,3.4rn DIA HAS GOOD GROWTH. POTENTIAL TO S (250) , S (300 ) & S (400).
BASED ON THE ABOVE S200 MOTOR OF 3.4 m DIA AM) NO FIXED CANT IS CHOSEN.
-
 SZOO (SRBM) - Stage Mass Budget
Mass (kg)
Propellant ......... 200,000
Mobr Inert
Motor case ............. 15,100
Nozzle ............"5,500
Insulation + loose flaps .............. 4,100
Ignitor ................. I80
Fasteners 120
......................................
Subtotal 25000
Others.
Strapon atbchment related structure .......... 600
Strapon electronics ....... 250
Strapon separation system 500
Destruction system 100
Wire tunnel 120
Interface fasteners 3.00
FNC System 1,200
Strapon Base-shroud with launch hold
mechanism 750
Nose cone 450
Jettisoninglstaging-rocket 500
Unforseen 230

Sub- TotaI ............ 5000

Total Stage Inert Mass..., ..........I..,.....M...... 30,000 (cr=13%)
- --

For mission runs Stage Inert Mass of a=14 010 is taken.

 CORE LIQUID STAGE :-LlOO
THE CORE LIQUID STAGE PROPULSION SYSTEM IS
DERIVED FROM PSLV / GSLV. THE STAGE IS OF 3.6 M cp
DIAMETER AND CARRIES 100 T OF N 2 0 4 & UDMH.
PROPELLANT AND POWERED BY TWO VIKAS ENGINES.
WHICH CAN BE GIMBALLED FOR A 7 DEG IN PITCH!
YAW PLANE TO PROVIDE ATTITUDE CONTROL
USING ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC SYSTEM.THE TANKAGE
ARE PRESSURIZED BY STeWED GAS SYSTEM/ SELF
PRESSURIZATION SYSTZM. \/--*---- *
1 b q . TEE TWO T A N ~ z ~ A , -
-7 A n,TQ

ARE LINKED BY AN INTERTANK STRUCTURE. AT THE

FORWARD END AN INTERSTAGE STRUCTURE IS PROV-
IDED TO MOUNT THE FLUID COMPONENTS. AT THE
REAR IT HAS A BASE-SHROUD TO MOUNT THE THRUST
FRAME, WATER TANK, ACTUATOR SYSTEM THERMAL
SHIELD AND ELECTRONIC UNITS.TANKAGES HAVE ALSO
BEEN PROVIDED WITH DESTRUCT SYSTEM.
NOTE :- " TO BE FINALISED3BASED ON COST / RELIABILITY AND
OPERABILITY.
 L 100 STAGE CONFIGURATION DESIGN
" PROPELLANT MASS PROP GTO PIL
100 T 4.40T
120 T 4.46T
130 T 4 -37 T
* TANK CONFIGURATION..... COMMON INDEPENDENT
BULKHEAD TANKS
* PROPELLANT.................. L100 / L130 & I00 I L130
* STAGE LENGTH 3.2 m a ... 19.2 '/ 22.1 m 21.0 123.9 m

4.0m0. ... 114.48 / 16.88 m 16.1 I 18.5 m

HAS INFLUENCE ON STAGE MASS, (HENCE PAYLOAD ) CONTROL, S200
THRUST TRANSFER & ATTACHMENT, DRAG, AND JET IMPINGEMENT.
" MATERIAL.... 17-4 PH S.S ESR-15CDV6, AFNOR 7020, AA 2219
* FLEX NOZZLE......TW0 PLANE GIMBAL.. .... 5 DEG AT ACTUATOR
LOCATION
 EUUM GAS BOlTLE

N204 FEED LINE

UDMH FEED LINE

THRUST FRAME
CORE BASE SHROUD
THERMAL SHROUD

W A S ENGINE (2 Nos.)

LlOOSTAGE
 HELIUM GAS BOTTLE
INTER STAGE 1/2L

N204 TANK

N204 FEED LlNE

UDMH TANK

WATER TANK
UDMH FEED LlNE
THRUST FRAME
CORE BASE SHROUD
THERMAL SHROUD
COWLING
VlKAS ENGINE (2 No

ALL DIMENSIONS IN MM
I

L100 STAGE SYSTEM DEFINITION

LlOO STAGE
 COMPARISON OF COMMON BULK HEAD AND INDEPENDENT TANK
CONFIGURATION FOR LlOO STAGE OF GSLV-MKIXX
Description
I : :I Independent
ta*
Remarks
Independent tanks weigh 321 kg more because of
Stage weight (kg) additional dome, inter tank structure and additional
feed line length. This results in 40 kg payload loss.
Length of the stage Independent tanks longer by 1.8 rn.
between interface rings 10.9 This isidvantage for GSLV-MKUI for strap on
(m) I
motor 'attachment.
For common bulk head configuration 6 m length of
Can be
the?e'eed is unsupported. Moreover, this feed iine
Unsupported length of supported at
6 segment is connected through flexible bellows at
feed line (m) an:- number
either zmj. The feed line dynamics and POGO related
of points
problems are critical for this configuration.
For independent tank configuration identical tanks
Fabrication aspects . poor good . can be fabricated for fuel and oxidiser tanks. Saving
in tooling cost.
Independent tanks are shorter in length and easy for
Transportation, handling, transportation, handling and integration. Additional
safety, reIiability and poor good safety measures required against leakage under
integration aspects . dynamic load condition for common bulk head
configuration.
Launch vehicle having
- Large earth storable Iiquid propellant stages are
booster using earth Ariane, Titan
found to be independent tank configuration.
storable liquid propellant
 'WD THRUST
_
TRANSFER
I_.-

2S200+L100+C25 2S200+L~00/L130+C25

INDEPENDENT TANKS
PROP. MASS (T) 100 130/100 '

INERT MASS (kg) 11569 12449

STRUCT FACTOR 10.30 % 8.1%/ 11.07%

ALL DIMENSIONS IN MM

COMPARISON OF L100 & L l 3 O TANKAGE

INDEPENDENT TANK VERSION
 1

- -
THRIJ'ST
ANSFER

2S200+LlOO+C25 2S200+L100/L130+C25

COMMON BULK HEAD

PROP. MASS (T) 100 130/100

INERT MASS (kg) 1121.9 1235O/l2l39

STRUCT FACTOR 10.11% 8.71%/ 10.82%

SOM SHOCK 10.30 %

AR LH2 TANK ALL DIMENSIONS IN MM
7
COMPARISON OF L100 & L130 TANKAGE
CG Location.
-
from L-100 gimbal point, for different
15 configurations of GSLV MK-I11
13 -
+
3.6 rn Core.
8
I
- ,, -- I
-L

11 ---P =-----I------
- .. 1 , 1 I
-.
-e

I
I 1
I 1 I I

I- / I i
II
I
I Ii
1

9:, I 4.0 m 4 Core.

I !

7
(
I

ve,hic!e sized for GI30 with,

I 1
100 T,prope!lant
I I

loading

5
I
3.30 3.45 3.60 3.75 3.90
S-200 diameter (m)
'FFOR S200
.I a

-
....................:,- -..--..-----
.-
i
---.-.-.--- . ,
'
-o UPPfiR?QUND
LOWERDOUND j
- -o i
NOhllNAL

__.___._.."-_______--- - - - - * -------
115 . 120 125
Time (sec)
 tlnE IJIO.
. ..
Figdrc.4, i h r u s t D i f f t r , e n t i a \ (or S p a c e Shut l l c MotorIOuring T d i l o f f l .

Figure 3. :THEORETICAL ?HRUST IMBALANCE

' DURING TAIIX)FF'PHASE
 Assumptions made for controllability
studies on GSLV MK-I11

(1) Configuration 2 S200 + LlOO + C25

0 Strapon diameters 3.4m, 3.6m, & 3.8m

@ Core diameter 3.6m & 4.0m

0 L-100 thrust at S-200 burn out = 70 T x 2

0 The two engines of L-100 are gimballed to +I- 5 deg in -

rn
actuator plane resulting in +I-- 7 deg in pitch & yaw
directions.

@ Two actuators on each engine of L-100 are mounted at 45

deg. on either side from the yaw direction.

0 S-200 thrust fall rate is +/- 15 Thee with a burn time

dispersion of +I- 2.5 sec

@ Spacing between core & Strapon = 0.3m

I-
 .Moment Arm for GSLV MK I l l at 5200 burn-out
Configuration : 2S200+LI OO+C25

S-200 NOZZLE DEFLECTION ANGLE VS MOMENT ARM FOR

GSLV M:K-111, WITH 2S200+L100+C25
r----T-
DEFLECTION ANGLE
MOMENT ARM (M)
CASE I - STRAPON CASE n - STRAPON
(DEG)
3.4 mQ;,& CORlE 3.6rniP 3*4m@ & CORE 4*0mQ',

16.8 FOR CASE I

1 19.6 FORCASE IT I
MOMENT ARM ZERO MEANS THE STRAPON THRUST LlNE PASSES
THROUGH THE CG OF THE VEHICLE.
 MASS BREAK-UP OF L I O O STAGE.
3.6 M DIAMETER TANKAGE.
SL
NO
DETAILS
i INDEPENDENT LIOO
TANKS

I MECHANICAL
SYSTEMS
*propellant tanks ' 3050
*water tank 110
*thrust frame 600
*base shroud 700
*thermal shroud 200
*IS 1/2 L 600
* I S 1/2 U 1050
"strapon joints 800
Sub total 7110
2 PROPULSION SYSTEMS
.---
*vikas engines 2 nos . 1752
*pressurization systems . 660
*command system 61
*pogo system 96
*gimbal conrol system 180
*urnbllcal system 47
*fill and drain system 20
*feed lines/fluid circuits 230+80
"instrumentation 33
Sub-total 3159
 SL DETAILS I Independent L 100

INO I I TANKS KG*

-
3 OTHERS

fasteners
*retro -rockets 160
* stage electronics, 280
I 1 desmct system etc.
I

I
I ( TOTAL DRY MASS 1 10999
UNUSED PROPELLANT 1200 *
I . I AT BURNOUT I
I STAGE BURNOUTMASS /
I I

12200
I I STRUCTURAL FACTOR 1 10.87%
FOR LlOO ( ie 100 T prop) /
Vith uncertainity margin of 150 Kg :Stage Burnout Mass...12350 Kg.(0=110/0)
lission runs are done for ...
a=l1.5 9'0.
eta:- Lef€ over propellant estimation.
N204 trapped .A,.. ........ 500 Kg
UDMH trapped ............... 150 Kg
Water ................. 200 Kg
Gases ................ 100 Kg
LOP (MR Disp, mean ).. ..... 250 Kg
11111*-----1-

Total 1200 Kg
 MASS BREAKUP OF L130 STAGE.
3.6 DIAMETER TANKAGE
INDEPENDENT
TANKS *
L130

I MECHANICAL

..-
*propellant tanks
*water tank
-
*thrust frame
I

I *base shroud I

/ * IS, '12 U
1 800
I I
( *strapon joints
Sub total 7880
2 PROPULSION SYSTEMS
I *vikas engines 2 nos
I I

/ 1752 I
I *pressurization systems
I
1 872
I I

I *command system 161 .

I *pogo system I 96
1 *gimbal
I
conrol system 1 180
I
I
( *umblical system
I
/ 47
I

I *fill and drain system

I
I 20
I *feed linesjfluid circuits / 230 +I00
I

Sub-total 3389
 SL I DETAILS I Independent
TANKS KG*
La30

3 OTHERS t
I *sup~rts,cowling & fasteners
1
-- 350

sys*
*destruct systern,cables, 280
I stage eiectronics. I
TOTAL DRY MASS 12059
UNUSED PROPELLANT 1400
AT BURNOUT
STAGE BURNOUT MASS 13459

STRUCTURAL FACTOR 9.38 010

FOR LZ30 ( ie 130 T Prop)

h uncertainity margin of $50 Kg, STAGE 6urnMlass...l36OOKg (~=9.5~/0)

For mission runs STAGE Bum Out Mass of a =XQ % is taken.
 CRYOGENIC STAGE C-25

THE CRY0 UPPER STAGE C25 IS AN INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED

HIGH PERFORMANCE STAGE

k STAGE DIMENSIONS : DIAMETER 3600 mm; HEIGHT 13084 mm

P PROPELLNATS : LOX & LH2 IN TWO INDEPENDENT TANKS

THE ENGINE PROVIDES 200 TIERUST AND HAS A PROVISION

FOR TWO START

P THE ENGINE IS GIMBALLED TO f 4' USING ELECTRO MECHANICAL

SYSTEM TO PROVIDE PITCH & YAW CONTROLS

k ROLL CONTROL & COAST PHASE CONTROL IS PROVIDED BY

MONO PROPELLANT HYDRAZINE
 THERMAL SCREEN
LOWER STUB ADAPTOR

LEVEL SENSOR

LH2 TANK
LH2 PRESSURISATION LlNE

LH2 FEED LlNE

INTER TANK ADAPTOR
LEVEL SENSOR
LOX TANK
LOX PRESSURISATION LlNE

LOX TANK REAR SKIRT

LOX FEED LINE
THRUST FRAME
HIGH PRESSURE HELIUM Til
LIQUID HELIUM TANK
ENGINE

C25 STAGE SYSTEM DEFINITION

* PROPELLANT MASS PROP GTO P/L

* TANK CONFIGURATION.. ... COMMON BULKHEAD OR

INDEPENDENT TANKS
DIAMETER. .....LH2 ....... 4.0 m, 3.6 m
LOX ...... 4.0 m/ 3.6 m /3.2 m, 3.6 m
STAGE LENGTH............ MAXIMUM LENGTH ....13.8m
* MATERIAL.... AA 22 19 ,ISOGRZD / WAFFLE CONSTRUCTION.
* CRY0 STAGE INERT MASS .................. 3500 Kg (includes L.0.P)
EB SYSTEM +SUPPORT STR+USA. ...........
440
PAYLOAD ADAPTER+S/C SEP...............
GUIDANCE MARGIN.. .......................... 250Kg
 C25 STAGE SPECIFICATIONS

9 PROPELLANT LOADING ('LOX & LH2 ) : 25000 Kg

9 STAGE DIAMETER : 3600 mm

9 STAGE LENGTH : 13084 mm

TANK CONFIGURATION : INDEPENDENT TANKS

> TANK:MATERIAL
9 REAR SKIRT : TO MOUNT RCS &
SEPARATION SYSTEM

> FORWARD SKZRT : TO INTERFACE WITH

EB & HS
k CONTROL : GIMBAL f 4" RCS BY
MONO PROPELLANT
 C 25 ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS

9 ENGINECYCLE : GAS GENERATOR

9 THRUST : 200 KN

9 ISP : 445 s

9 PROPELLANTS : LOX & LH2

9 CHAMBER PRESSURE

P NO. OF STARTS : TWO

9 FEED SYSTEM : TURBO PUMP

> IGNITION & STARTUP : PYRO TYPE

 MASS BEAKUP OF C25 STAGE (DOUBLE BURN)
MAS S(KG)
ENGINE ASSEMBLY 435
LH2,LOX TANKS WITH LOWER STUB ADAPTOR 1125
INSULATION SYSTEM 270
INTER TANK SKIRT 135
GAS BOTTLES FOR 2ND BURN 200
PRESSURISATION SYSTEM 180
TANK PERIPHERAL AND EXTERNALS 100
STAGE SYSTEMS 415
COAST PHASE AND ROLL CONTROL 75
INSTRUMENTATION 120
GIME3A.LCONTROL 80
LEFTOVER P R O P E L M T 165

TOTAL STAGE MASS

DEVELOPMENT UNCERTAlNITU

TOTAL

PAYLOAD ADAPTOR + S/C SEPARATION SYSTEM

EB SYSTEM + SUPPORT STRUCTURE +USA
GUIDANCE MARGIN
TOTAL MASS
 C25 STAGE DIMENSIONING
REQUIREMENTS
> ADVANTAGEOUS TO HAVE UNIFORM DIAMETER
9 PROVISION TO STRETCH TO 30 T PROP. LOADING FOR FUTURE
> HEAT SHIELD COULD BE (p 4 m PRESENTLY.( AND (p 5 rn IN FUTURE)
PARAMETERS
INTERFACE WITH LOWER LIQUID STAGE ( 3.6 m / 4.0 m DIAMETER )
PROPELLANT LOADING : C25,20 P/L (DB) - 4400 kg
C20,20 P/L (DB) - 4200 kg
FABRICATION / FACILITY : PREFERRED LESS THAN 4 m DIA
TANK CONFIGURATION : INDEPENDENT vs COMMON B.H
INDEPENDENT CONSIDERED ( BASED ON CUSP TECH)
C25 MASS : cp 3.6 m : 3300 kg

1 LlOO LIQUID CORE DIAMETER

- ---
1
PAYLOAD IMPACT ---
3.6 m CRYO 140 kg
14.0 m CRY0 1 200 kq 340 kg
CONSIDERING THE ABOVE 3.6 m D I A CRYO-STAGE PREFERRED.
 C25 STAGE ENGINE THRUST
MISSION STUDIES INDICATE

DOUBLE BURN. LA:l02*

- - - - - - -
1 SINGLE BURN. LA 104"
STAGE STAGE DB P/L GTO STAGE SB P/L GTO
INERT (kg) (kg) INERT (kg) (kg)
C25,20 4300 /4400 4070
C25,l8 4210 4340 3980
C25,E 4120 --- 3900
C27,20 4500 4240 4270
C27,18 4180

CONCLUSION :
A CRYU-STAGE WITH ENGINE OF 20 2 T THRUST WITH A PROPELLANT
_+

LOADING OF 25 TONNES WILL PROVIDE 4.4 T GTO PAYLOAD I N DB MODE. I T

WILL ALSO GIVE A MINIMUM OF 4 T GTO P / i IN SINGLE BURN MODE.
 .'GSLVMK3 HEATSHIELD CONFIGURATION .
LOWER CRY0 STAGE LH2 DIAMETER 1 3.6m0 4.0 m 0
+e TYPE OF NOSE CONE STRAIGHT OGIVE

DIAMIETER........mm........... 4.0 m 4.0 m

LENGTH................w.
we* ma.m -4m -6 m
BOAT-TAIL.. ...................... < 30 'DEG NO
JC MATERIAL.. ................... CFRP - AL-HONEY COMB OR
AL-ALLOY METAL SANDWICH
* SEPARATION
.......SWER-ZIP (XTA) WITH SPRINGS
HORIZANTAL......... XTA
* PROVISION FOR FIELD JOINT
 HEATSHIELD

PAYLOAD

PAYLOAD ADAFI

EQUIPMENT BAY

GSLV MKIII HEATSHIELD

Effect of drag on payload

S-200 diameter (m)

 - Payload sensitivity of L l O O stage diameter

(S-200 3.4 m $, C-25 3.6 m 6 & heat shield 4.0 m 4) I

3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1

L l O O stage diameter (m)
Payload sensitivity of the.c r y stage (C-25)

3.7 3.9
C-25 diameter (m)
.hpact of merent co~guratiomon payload.

3.45 3.60 , 3.75

S-200 diameter (m)
 Mach number ->

Fig. 3 Centre of pressure & C.G. location in pitch plane of GSLV-MK-111

 Mach number ->

Fig. 5 Centre of bressure & C.G. location in yaw plane of GS~-MK-111

Fig. 7 Load distribution on tl-rcGSLV-MK-IT1 in pitch plane a t M = 1 . 2 '
 Table-1 Normal force coefficient and centre of
pressure in pitch plane of GSLV-MK-I11

from nose t i p from nose tip

Reference area = 10.17876 sq. m

Dispersion : Cn, = f 2Oo/o, Xcp = f 2m
 Table-2 Side force coefficient and centre of
pressure in yaw plane of GSLV-MK-111

- --

ycg (m>
from nose from nose tip
tip

Reference area = 10.17876 sq. m

Dispersions : Csp= f 2Oo/o,, Ycp = f 2m
 Table-3 Drag Coefficients of GSLV-MK-I11

.M Ca core jet-on Ca ail jet-on Ca s/o jet-ofi

Reference area = 10.17876 sq. m

Dispersions : Ca = f20%
 CONTROL AVAILABILITY DURING ATMOSPHERIC
REGIME FOR GSLV-MKIII
AT TRANSONIC 1.1 MACH
Q=40 Kpa ;ALPHA=5 DEGREES.
DISTURBANCE MOMENT
: PITCH DIRECTION (AERO) ............................................590 T.M
: YAW DIRECTION ..(AERO)..............................................450 T.M
640 T.M.
66 66 66
( WITH 50 T THRUST DISP ). ..................190 T.M
RESTORING MOMENT ;........450 X SIN 7 X LC X 2... ..........I096 T.M.

AT MAX ' Q ' 1.6 YACH

DISTURBANCE MOMENT
: PITCH DIRECTION (AERO) ............................................600 T.M
: YAW DIRECTION ..(AERO)..............................................614 T.M

66

RESTORING
CC LC
( WITH 50 T THRUST DISP ) ................... 190 T.M
MOMENT ;........350 X SIN 7 X LC X 2.............895 T.M.
i
804T.M.
 t NORMAL

MOMENT DUE TO WIND

NORMAL......
SIDE..........

MOMENT DUE TO THRUST IMBALANCE

NORMAL....GOT "2.55 ........
SIDE..........150T * 7.6 -+I20T"3.8
,
TOTAL DISTURBANCE MOMENT:
NORMAL......86.72 + 153........... ~ 2 3 9 . 7 T.M.. ................ I .

SIDE.............38.86 + 1596......... =I875 T.M..................I 1

RESTORING MOMENTS
NORMAL.......620 T * I.3

SIDE..............620 T * 3.8

HENCE SEEING...... I AND IA

........I1 AND IIA
NO HOLD-ON MECHANISM REQUIRED.
 CONFIGURATION CHOICE.

* S200 MOTOR DIAMETER.. ..............3.4 M

JC S200 GRAIN DESIGN.. ....OPTION 5/8 FROM PERFORMANCE AND

CONTROLLABITY ( 200 Kg P/L INCREASE)

* S 200 NOZZLE ...............FLEX WITH NO CANT
* L100........................... SIZED FOR 130 T PROPELLANT LOADING
INDEPENDENT TANK CONSTRUCTION.
3.6 M DIAMETER.
* C 25 STAGE.................3.6 M DIAMETER.
* HEATSHIELD.. ............3-61 4.0 M.STRAIGHT HEATSHIELD (boat-tail)
* STRAP-ON ATTACHMENT.. ... FORWARD THRUST TRANSFER.
 ANNEXURE :- I

48138 - STRAP-ON MOTORS OPTION

. HEATSHIELD

. SPACECRAFT

, C 2 5 STAGE

FIRST STAGE
SEPARATION

L l O O STAGE

S138 STRAPON
( 4 Nos.)
u s Strapon diameter 2.8 rn

Core diameter 3.6 rn

L-100 thrust at S-138 burn out=73x2=146 T

The two engines of L-100 ai-e gimballed to

+I- 5 deg in pitch & yaw directions
simultaneously.

Two actuator on each engine o f L- 100 are

. mounted in pitch & yaw directions.

S 138 thrust fall rate is 42 Thee & motor .

burn time dispersion is +/- 2.5 sec.
(Assumed specification)

Spacing between the strapon & core is 0.3 m

G deg cant o r S138 with SITVC

(Alternatively FNC)
PERFORMANCE COMPAREION: 2S200 Vs 4S138

PARAMETERS

AS SUCH MODIFIED
LIFT-OFF MASS (T) 781

GTO PAYLOAD (T)

PAYLOAD FRACTION (% )

MAX DYNAMIC PRESSURE ( ma)

BURN-OUT ACCLN ' G'

 i- 3400 I \
JETTISONING ROCKET

4S138tL1 O O t C E BASE CONFIGURATION

M"
&L DtWCNSlOHS R( M 1
YWCE CMlRGUUTWN DESIGH t UUIWS DIVISION
~t *m
slM
-(RO. m. WW
LVDG-VCDA-AP-MIS-0439-01
t
S
,
,, ,, BASE a
ALL Sg30 MOTORS WITH 6" CANTING
 CANT ANGLE REQUIRED FOR
PASSING TI-IROUGH CG = 10.5 clog

---.------
L l 00 gimbal

Moment Arm for GSLV MK Ill at Sl38 burn-out

Configuration : 4Sl38+LlOO+CZ!5

COMGVRATION DESIGII dr AHAlYSIS DIYISION

-- --
SW PK
LVDG-VCDA-AF-MIS-0446-00 ,,,,,, ,,
m E !M
.
1S T A M I
 * THRUSTFALLRATE ATTAIL-OFF..43.6T/S
* TOTAL DIFF THRUST (k 2.5 S) ........218 T
* FIXED CANT.............6 deg (TITAN.6deg)
* Xcg .........................28.8 m (at S138 B.0)
* DISTURBANCE MOMENT ....491 T-m
* AVAILABLE CONTROL( CORE) ...I49 T-m
* ALLOWABLE THRUST FALL RATE ...... 13.2 T/ sec.
HENCE THRUST FALL-RATE OF 15 T/S WOULD BE OK. (CONSIDERING
MARGINAL CONTRIBUTION OF SITVC AT TAIL-OFF.)
OBSERVATION:- TO ACHIEVE THE REQUIRED CONTROL A T SOM B.0,
THE MOTOR THRUST-TLME PROFILE NEED TO BE MODIFIED WITH
THRUST FALL RATE OF < 15 T / sec.
COMMENT :-IN CASE OF FLEX - NOZZLE CONTROL THE MAX THRUST
DEFLECTION NEED TO BE 7 DEGREES IN THE RADIAL PLANE
OR EQUIVWENT 5 DEGREES INACTUATOR PLANE.
AERODYNAMIC FLIGHT REGIME. REQUIRED
-
Q =40 kPa ; alpha =5 deg ; Xcg =29.4 m
PITCH DISTURBANCE MOMENT.. ....700 T.M 56 T
YAW DISTURBANCE MOMENT.. .....700 T.M 56 T
* HENCE THE SITVC SIDE FORCE FOR EACH MOTOR.. ..........14 T
OR USE A FLEX NOZZLE SYSTEM.
50 100
TIME (sec)
 -
FOR GSLV MK-Ill VEHICLE : RELATIVE MERITS OF 4 S(128) WITH ZS(200)

ITEMS Remarks

I.DESIGN RELATED

- CONFIGURATION Symmetric Asymmetric Good

- Q MAX 50 kPa 33.0kPa High for S (128)
- MAX ACCELN AT 6.0. 3.9g 4.2 g
- THRGE-T FALL-RATE AT TAIL- 15 Thee 15 T /sec S 138 motor grain
OFF & CONTROLLABILITY
( 6 deg nozzle To be redesigned.
cant)

STRAPON MOUNTING TO heating not critical. heating due to

/
CORE STAGE AND RELATED 29 WlcmA2 adjacent solid
JET INTERACTION AND strap-on motors
THERMAL DESIGN.
 DETAILS REMARKS

- RETRO ROCKET EXHAUST

Interaction of Not desirabte
Jettisoning For L?00 core
Rockets (fig: I)
27 RELI~BILITY
- LATERAL SEPAWTfON Fair I Good 3.4M flared base-
USING RETROS, NUMBER - too- many - less HNV shroud of S138
OF SYSTEMS & ACTUATORS HNV &systems separation critical

3. SYSTEM COST
- STRAP-ON MOTORS WITH Rs.52 crore. R s 32 crore
Rs.84 crore Saving.
CONTROLS

5. OPERABlLlPY Poor Good

- PRODUCABILITY, MAINTAIN-
ABILITY, LOGISTICS,
TURN AROUND TIME ETC.
 DETAILS 4 S (128) REMARKS

6. DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS, -
- FACILlTY I TECHNOLOGY &
Minimal - more
Needs S128 development Facility
COST. augmentation in
Static tests for cost.
Rs 200 crore. both cases.
new design
7. FURTHER GROWTH - limited. -very good.
POTENTIAL Prop loading
upto 400 T
can be
achieved.

CONSIDERING THE ABOVE COMPARISONS ON VARIOUS COUNTS INCLUDING

RELIABILITY, TWO STRAP-ON OPTION USING S(200) MOTOR IS BETTER SUITED
FOR PROPOSED GSLV - MK-Ill. .
 ANNEXURE :-I1
L200 CORE OPTION:-2 5138 + L200 +C25
STAGE

STRAPON

ALL DIMENSIONS IN M
 GTO PERFORMANCE OF THE VEHICLE : 28138 + L200 + C25,20

GTO PAYLOAD (kg) GS2 IMPACT

Qmax.
CONFIGURATION
CS - DB CS - SB (k-)
LONGITUDE
(deg)

CS - DOUBLE BURN
LAUNCH AZIMUTH : 102 deg
ISP : 445 s
INERT MASS : 3500 (dry mass) + 550 (€6)+ 250 (GM) = 4300 kg

CS - SINGLE BURN
LAUNCH AZIMUTH : 104deg
ISP : 445 s
INERT MASS : 3270 (dry mass) + 550 (EB) + 250 (GM) = 4070kg
 LZOO STAGE MASS I3REAKDOWN.
4 M DrAMETER T,r\FIIcAGE
WITH L200
TANKAGE
KG

*propellant tanks
I *water tank
I *thrust frame
I

I *base shroud
I

I -
I *thermal shroud

I I *strapon joints
I --.-
Sub total
12 1 PROPULSION SYSTEMS.---.--
I *vikas engines 4 nos
I

*pogo system
"gimbal conrol system
*umblical system
*fill and drain system
I : I *feed lines/fluid circuits
Sub-total
.-.-
 SL DETAILS WITH L200
1 TANKAGE I
IN0 I KG .
I
3 OTHERS
-
*supports,cowling & fasteners 580
*retro -rockets,separation sys 320
"destruct system,cables, 350
stage electronics.
TOTAL DRY MASS 18448
I

UNUSED PROPELLANT 2200"

I I AT BURNOUT I I
I I
I
STAGE BURNOUT MASS 1 20648 I
STRUCTURAL FACTOR 9.35%

I I FOR L200 ( ie 200 T Prop) ( I

With an uncertainity margin of 550 Kg, STAGE Bunout mass.....21000 Kg (a =

* Left over propellant,

Water ........................... 350 Kg
N204 trapped ................ 900 Kg
UDMH trapped ................ 300 Kg
Gases .............. 150 Kg
LOP (mean MR disp) ........ 500 Kg
I----LII-III

Total 2200 ~g
Note :- ARfANE-IV STAGE Burnout mass is .............,,..I9300 Kg
(with LOP of 2200 Kg )
 2-Sl38+L200 +C25 CONFIGURATION.
* GTO PAYLOAD.. ................... 4.05T (WITH C25 DB, BOM.. ...8550 Kg )
......................3.53 t ? For C25 SB
* CONFIGURATION ..................3.6DIA OR 4.0M DIA(1NDTANKS)

4M CHOSEN FROM SOM ATTACH

ENGINE MOUNTING DISTANCE .......4M ORLESS ?
COWZINGS ...........PRESENT OR NO ?
~lc CONTROLLABILITY. .............. S 138 MOTOR WITH SITVC, 6 DEG CANT
& TWO PLANS GI1T.vEX.5 DEG EXISTS.
* SEPARATION OF 2 S138 .......LOCATION OF STAGE SEP ROCKETS .
INTERACTION WITH L200 NOZZLE / COWLINGS .
* BASE HEATING .....INTERACTION WITH S138 & LIQUID
ENGINE PLUME. HEATING SEVERE AS G.LIT L200.
* GROWTH POTENTIAL. .........DOES NOT EXIST.
* VEHICLE UNIT COST.. ........... 150 CRORES RS
1 Burn time Thmst fall rate Thrust fall rate
dispersion (T/sec) with zero (T/sec) with 50 T-
control margin m control innrgin

.Burn time Thrust fall rate Thrust fall rate

dispersion (T/sec) with. zero (Thec) with 50 T-
control margin m control inargin
 CONCLUSION : VEHICLE : 2S138 + L200 + C25,20

FUTURE GROWTH IS LIMITED

GTO PAYLOAD MARGIN DOES NOT EXIST TO ACCOUNT FOR

DEVELOPMENT UNCERTAINTIES

IN SINGLE BURN MODE, PAYLOAD IS LESS THAN SPECIFIED LIMITS (4 t)

NUMBER OF PROPULSlON UNITS ARE RELATIVELY MORE, LEADING TO

LOWER RELIABILITY
LIQUID CORE HAVING 3.2 m DIAMETER
POSSIBILITY OF HAVING CORE DIAMETER OF 3.2 m
FOR LIQUID STAGES.

................... LH2 TANK OF 4 m $ (HS OF 4 m 4).

* TRANSITION BETWEEN LH2 & LOX TANK HAS BOAT-TAIL;

WILL RESULT IN SHOCK OSCILLATIONS AND TRANSONIC
REGIME COULD RESULT IN LARGE BUFFET LOADS WHICH
ARE NOT DESIRABLE.
* S T W - O N MOTOR CORE IS VERY NEAR TO THE BOAT-TAIL
WILL RESULT IN SHOCK-BOUNDARY LAYER INTERACTION.
HENCE LARGER ACOUSTIC, THERMAL AND BUFFET LOADS IN
CRYO-STAGE TANKS AREA, HEAVIER STRUCTURE LEADING
TO PAYLOAD PENALTY.
 LlOO CORE :-3.2 m DIA (CONT)
* CONTROLLABILITY AT SOLID MOTOR TAIL-OFF
ADVANTAGEOUS. DIFFERENTIAL THRUST THAT CAN BE
TOLERATED IS AROUND 70 T INSTEAD OF 80 T FOR BASE
LJNE VEHICLE ie MARGINAL IMPROVEMENT.
* SOLID MOTOR BEING 3.2 m DM, FUTURE GROWTH LIMITED.
* IN CASE OF LARGER DIAMETER HEATSHELD SAY 5m THEN
THE HS / CRYO-STAGE TRANSITION BECOMES UNFAVOURABLE
FOR AERODYNAMIC INSTABILITIES.
* PAYLOAD G m TIS LIMITEDTO 25 Kg DUE TO LO'iVZR DRAG ;
AND A R O L N I 60 K g DUE TO LlOO BEING 3.2 q.. (AGAli\lST 3.44).
BUT THIS COULD BE OFFSET BY THE INCREASED CRYO-STAGE
MASS DUE TO HIGHER BENDING MOMENT & LOWER
BUCKLING LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY.
* CONSIDERING THE ABOVE FACTORS ESPECIAL,LY THE
AERODYNAMIC UNCERTAINITIES AND LIMITATION FOR
FUTURE GROWTH THIS CONFIGURATION IS NOT
RECOMMENDED
 STN. 0

OGIVE HEATSHIELD

SPACECRAFT

C 2 5 STAGE

FIRST STAGE
SEPARATION

L l O O STAGE

S200 STRAPON
(2 Noa.)

GTO P/L : 4.4T

-
IEO P/L
(400 km : iOT
LOW : 62OT " bw MHUE CONFICURATlON DESIGN & AHUYSlS DWlSlON
WQ Wo.
LVM-VCDA-AP-C-0.131-00
S w Im
I slwr UKIW-2