CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

“The Effect of Malunngay leaves to the growth of duck”

Moringa has many important vitamins and minerals. The leaves have 7 times more vitamin C than

oranges and 15 times more potassium than bananas.It also has calcium, protein, iron, and amino

acids, which help your body heal and build muscle.

It's also packed with antioxidants, substances that can protect cells from damage and may boost your

immune system. There's some evidence that some of these antioxidants can also lower blood

pressure and reduce fat in the blood and body.

So far, much of the research on moringa has used animals as test subjects. We don't know if the

results would be the same with humans.The direct seeding method is followed as it has high

germination rates. Since MORINGSseeds are expected to germinate within 5–12 days after

seeding and can be implanted at a depth of 2 cm in the soil. Moringa can also be propagated

using containers. The saplings are placed in plastic bags containing sandy or loamy soil. After it

grows to about 30 cm, it can be transplanted. However, utmost care has to be taken while

transplanting as the tap roots are tender and tend to get affected. The tree can also be cultivated

from cuttings with 1 m length and 4–5 cm in diameter, but these plants may not have a good

deep root system. Such plants tend to be sensitive to drought and winds. For commercial

purposes large scale intensive and semi-intensive plantation of moringa may be followed. In

commercial cultivation, spacing is important as it helps in plant management and harvest. M.

oleifera differs in nutrient composition at different locations. The tree grown in India has slightly

different nutritional components than a tree grown in Nigeria. Asante et al. studied the nutritional
differences in the leaves from two ecological locations semi-deciduous and Savannah regions. It

showed that the latter was less nutritious than the former and attributed this to high temperatures

at the Savannah regions. At higher temperature, proteins and enzymes get denatured and this

could be the cause for the difference in nutrient content.

RATIONALE

The global poultry industry is exposed to many obstacles, the high prices of feed ingredients is

the most important , therefore it is necessary not only to find a cheap sources of protein or

energy, but also to search the high feed additives in medicinal value or high quality in protein,

energy and vitamins as an attempt to dismantle some of those obstacles especially in the

developing countries.t is very rich in healthy antioxidants and bioactive plant compounds.

Soil is an important factor that defines nutrient content and strength of the plant. Dania et al.

showed that fertilizers when applied solely or in combination with others resulted in different

nutrient compositions on plant parts. NPK fertilizer, poultry manure and organic base fertilizer

was provided to study the effect on the nutrient content and found that poultry manure gave the

best results than phosphorous, potassium, sodium and manganese. Likewise the stem girth and of

moringa increased on application of poultry manure. The overall nutrient attributes of the plant

remains same albeit nutrient variability. This makes moringa viable as a potential anywhere in

the world.

Objectives

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves in growth of ducks

and What is the benefits you have in malunngay intakes of ducks and also What is advantages

and Dis advantages of malunngay leaves in growth of duck.

Significance of the Study

This research tells about “The Effect of Malunngay leaves to the growth of duck”

and also evaluate the vitamins contains.

Scope and limitations of the study

This study will mainly focus on “The Effect of Malunngay leaves to the growth of duck”

in terms of height and weight of the duck, yield of 5 sample ducks. The study will be conducted

in Bulacan Agricultural State College , Newsite from April to July 2021.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

LOCAL

The global poultry industry is exposed to many obstacles, the high prices of feed ingredients

is the most important (Abbas, 2013), therefore it is necessary not only to find a cheap sources of

protein or energy but also to search the high feed additives in medicinal value or high quality in

protein, energy and vitamins as an attempt to dismantle some of those obstacles especially in the

developing countries. Moringa oleifera Lam., belonging to the Moringaceae family is being

investigated for its higher nutritional value, fast growth and utilization as a livestock fodder crop

(Nouman et al., 2013) and for its health multipurpose (Worku 2016). Moringa oleifera Lam.,

contain crude protein 30.3% included 19 amino acids (Moyo et al., 2011), metabolisable energy

2273–2978 kcal/kg dry matter (Olugbemial., 2010), vitamins (A, B, C, and E), minerals 0.6–

11.2% (Mbora et al., 2004),lipids 1.28-4.96% (Mehta et al., 2003), fiber 30.97-46.78% (Dalia et

al., 2009) and high level of flavonoids as antioxidants (Vongsak et al. 2013) that used in treating

malnutrition, fever, headaches, nerve pain, and diabetes (Ndong et al., 2007). Moringa oleifera

Lam., is characterized by high medicinal value provides a rich and rare combination of zeatin,

quercetin, sitosterol, caffeoylquinic acid and kaempferol (Upadhyay et al., 2015). Moringa

oleifera Lam improved nutrition, boosted food security, fostered rural development support
sustainable land care, and foraged for livestock (Makkar et al., 2007).

FOREIGN

sustainable land care, and foraged for livestock (Makkar et al., 2007). Moringa oleifera Lam is

expected to serve as good bio-resource for generating a readily available herbal formulation that

might be equally potent and cost effective than the conventional synthetic drugs (Mittal et al.,

2003) and therefore it’s considered the miracle tree and God's gift to human (Mbikay 2012). Our

theoretical hypothesis, the high nutritional value of MOL may be able to overcome the high

prices of feed components and improve the growth performance. The objective of this study is

to study the effect of 1 and 2% levels of MOL as a nutritional supplement on growth

performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters in growing Mulard ducks.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

The purpose of the study is about The Effect of Malunngay leaves to the growth of duck” and to

determine the effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves in growth of ducks and What is the benefits you

have in malunngay intakes of ducks and also What is advantages and Dis advantages of

malunngay leaves in growth of duck. is a plant that is often called the drumstick tree, the miracle

tree, the ben oil tree, or the horseradish tree.

Moringa has been used for centuries due to its medicinal properties and health benefits. It also

has antifungal, antiviral, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Moringa seed oil is beneficial for protecting hair against free radicals and keeps it clean and

healthy. Moringa also contains protein, which means it is helpful in protecting skin cells from

damage. It also contains hydrating and detoxifying elements.

Experimental Design

This 48 D experiment consisted of 4 treatments with 4 replications (cages) per treatment and 25

ducks per cage in aSplit plot design For The experiment included 1,2treatments with replications,

and each treatment.

CAGE 1 CAGE 2 CAGE 3 CAGE 4

T2 T2 T1 T1
T1 T1 T2 T2
R1 R2 R3 R4
Statistical Analysis

We will the split plot design to evaluate vitamins contains and to determine different treatments

and the replications.

Referrences

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328276538_The_effect_of_Moringa_Oleifera_Lam_as_feed_
additive_on_growth_performance_carcass_characteristics_blood_parameters_and_econo

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579120302388