Steel Structures

D
The CISof rhe silos is generally a circle. The hoop tension on the wall = P, -
2
[D = diameter of silo]
Additionally the vertical wall will be subjected to. vertical pressure transferred due
to friction P ,

Total vertical pressure = P , x Perimeter = P,.P

= (yAH - AP,)

The pressure ratio k lies between - The value of k

can be accurately found out experimentally.

Table 13.3: Angle of Wall Friction and Pressure Ratio

Angle of Wall Friction Pressure Ratio
S. 6 h
Material
No. While While While While
Filing Emptying Filling Emptying

1) Granular materials with mean 0.75@ 0.6@ 0.5 1 .O

particle diameter
2 0.2 mm

2) Powdery materials (except 1.O@ 1.O@ 0.5 0.7

wheat flour) with mean particle
diameter < 0.06 mm

3) Wheat flour

SAQ 2
1) What is the basis of Airy's theory?
 What are the assumptions made in Janssen's theory? Bunkers and Silos
2)
3) What are the forces acting on the walls of a bin?

13.5 IS: CODE SPECIFICATIONS

IS: 4995 (Part-I)-1974, gives the general requirements and assessment of bin loads.
The parameters which influence the design of bunkers are:
1) Unit weight of materials.
2) Angle of internal friction.
3) Angle of wall friction.
4) Pressure ratio.
Table 13.4 gives the unit weight and angle of internal friction ((I) of some
important stored materials.
Table 13.4

Material - Unit Weight &N/m3) Apgle of Internal Friction (+)I

Degrees
-
Wheat 8.50 28
Paddy 5.75 36
Rice 9.00 33
Maize 8.00 30
Barley 6.90 27
Corn 8.00 27
Sugar 8.20 35
Wheat flour 7.00 30
Coal 8.00 35
Coke 4.30 30
Ash 6.50 30
Cement 15.50 25
Lime 16.50 25

Bin Loads

Figure 13.5: Uin Loads

Steel Structures Three types of loads are caused by a stored material in a bin. These are
1) Horizontal pressure bh)acting on the side walls.
2) Vertical pressure @), acting on the cross-sectional area ' the bill filling,
3) Frictional wall pressure @).,
Governing loading cases are given in Table 13.5:

-[-T Table 13.5

Granular Material
PR~SIV Emptying Filling = Emptying

I Ph

PV Filling
I filling = Emptying
Filling
11
-- . -

13.5.1 Calculation of Loads as Per IS Code

Case 1: Granular Materials
1) Maximum pressure
Table 13.6
- ,--

Name of Pressure During Filling T- During

Frictional wall pressure YR
I
Horizontal pressure

I Vertical pressure
where, y = unit weight of material stored,
A .
R = - ratlo
P
pf = coefficient of wall friction during filling,
pe = coefficient of wall friction during emptying,
Af= pressure ratio during filling,
he = pressure ratio during emptying.

2) Variation of Pressure along the Depth

where, p stands for pressure and suffix i stands for w, h or v.

Q o.-t9hZ Reductton
L - due
Hhirhever
(a] ;SLBSS