SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

General Luna Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600

Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

INTCAL1 – MODULE 2

TOPIC IV: CENTERS OF GRAVITY

-

𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑦
𝐶𝑔

𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
FORMULA:

By Varignon’s Theorem:

𝐴 𝑇 𝑥 = 𝐴1 𝑋1 + 𝐴2 𝑋2 + ⋯

𝐴 𝑇 𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 ; 𝐴 𝑇 𝑥 = ∑ 𝐴(𝑥)

𝐴 𝑇 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑦 ; 𝐴 𝑇 𝑦 = ∑ 𝐴(𝑦)

Where:
Cg = center of gravity

∫ 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 ; 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 𝐴 = ∫(𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 )𝑑𝑥

(𝑥, 𝑦) − 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐴 𝑇

Perpendicular Ʇ distance (𝑥, 𝑦) − 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝐴
STEPS:

1. Get the Total Area using: ∫ 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 ; 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 ; 𝐴 = ∫(𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 )𝑑𝑥
2. Get the value of
∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 )𝑥𝑑𝑥 for 𝑥
𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 +𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑦 = ∫ 𝑦𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 ) ( 2
) 𝑑𝑥 for 𝑦
3. Equate values of AT and ∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 : 𝐴 𝑇 𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 and 𝐴 𝑇 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑦 to get the centroids.

Example 1. Find the abscissa of the centroid of the area bounded by the parabola y = x 2 and the
line y = 2x +3.
y = 2x + 3
Solution:
𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
𝑥 (3,9)
𝑑𝑥
(0,3)
𝐶𝑔 y = x2
(−1,1) 𝑦

(− 3/2,0) 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

Required: abscissa of the centroid, 𝑥.

Use vertical differential strip to avoid shifting to different limits.

SECOND SEMESTER SY 19-20 Prepared by: Julien Claire C. Estipona

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 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
General Luna Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

Graphing:
y = x2 ; parabola opens upward at V(0,0)

if x=0; substituting value of x at equation of line y = 2x +3; y=3

therefore, intersection is at (0,3)

if y=0; substituting value of y at equation of line y = 2x +3; x= - 3/2

therefore, intersection is at (- 3/2,0)

if y = x2; substituting value of y at equation of line y = 2x +3; 2x +3 = x2

2x +3 = x2 ; x2 - 2x - 3 = 0 ; (x - 3)(x + 1) = 0

If (x - 3) = 0; x = 3

substituting value of x = 3 to equation of curve y = x2 ; y = (3)2 = 9

therefore, intersection is at (3,9)

If (x + 1) = 0; x = -1

substituting value of x = -1 to equation of curve y = x2 ; y = (-1)2 = 1

therefore, intersection is at (-1,1)

Using vertical differential strip:

∫ 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 ; 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 ; 𝐴 = ∫(𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 )𝑑𝑥

Where: 𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 , 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =

𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

Limits: -1 to 3
𝐴 3
∫ 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ (2𝑥 + 3 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
0 −1

32
𝐴𝑇 = 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3

∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 )𝑥𝑑𝑥

3
∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 = ∫ (2𝑥 + 3 − 𝑥 2 )𝑥𝑑𝑥
−1

32
∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 =
3
32 32
𝐴 𝑇 𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 𝑇 = 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 =
3 3

32 32
𝑥 =
3 3

𝑥 = 1 (𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑)

SECOND SEMESTER SY 19-20 Prepared by: Julien Claire C. Estipona

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 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
General Luna Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

Example 2. Find the coordinates of the centroid of the area bounded by the curve 2y = x 2 and
x=y.

Solution: 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

(2,2)
𝑥 𝑥=𝑦

2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝐶𝑔

𝑦
𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
(0,0)

Required: coordinates of the centroid, (𝑥, 𝑦).

Use either vertical and horizontal differential strip since the same strip will strike the two
equation.

Graphing:
2y = x2 ; parabola opens upward at V(0,0)

if x=y; substituting value of x at equation of curve 2y = x2;

2y = y2 ; dividing by y; y=2

If y=2; substituting value of y to 2(2) = x2; x=2

therefore, intersection is at (2,2)

using vertical strip to get value of abscissa of the centroid, 𝑥:

∫ 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 ; 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 ; 𝐴 = ∫(𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 )𝑑𝑥

Where: 𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 , 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =

𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

Limits: 0 to 2
𝐴 2
𝑥2
∫ 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ (𝑥 − ) 𝑑𝑥
0 0 2

2
𝐴𝑇 = 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3

∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 )𝑥𝑑𝑥

2
𝑥2
∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥 − )𝑥𝑑𝑥
0 2

2
∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 =
3
2 2
𝐴 𝑇 𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 𝑇 = 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥 =
3 3

2 2
𝑥 =
3 3

SECOND SEMESTER SY 19-20 Prepared by: Julien Claire C. Estipona

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General Luna Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
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𝑥 = 1(𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑)

using vertical strip to get value of ordinate of the centroid 𝑦:

𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 + 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑦 = ∫ 𝑦𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 ) ( ) 𝑑𝑥 ;
2

𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 + 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
2

𝑥2
𝑥2 𝑥+
∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑦 = ∫ (𝑥 − ) ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2

8
∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑦 = 15

2 8
𝐴 𝑇 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑦 ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 𝑇 = 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑦 =
3 15

2 8
𝑦 =
3 15

4
𝑦= (𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑)
5
4
⸫ coordinates of the centroid is at (1, )
5

Example 3. Determine the coordinates of the centroid of the area bounded by the lines x = 6,
5x=y, 3x + 5y = 28, and the x-axis.
𝐿2 ; 5𝑥 = 𝑦
𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
𝐿1 ; 𝑥 = 6

(1,5)
𝑥
𝑥 (6,2)

𝑦𝐿3
𝑦𝐿2
𝑦2 28 − 3𝑥
𝑦1 𝐿3 ; 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 28; 𝑦 =
5
(0,0) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
Use either vertical and horizontal differential strip since the same strip will strike the two
equation.

Using vertical differential strip:

Solution:

𝐴𝑇 = 𝑦𝐿2 + 𝑦𝐿3

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 ; 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 ; 𝐴 = ∫(𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 )𝑑𝑥

𝐴 1 6
28 − 3𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ (5𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝐴𝑇 = 29 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
0 0 0 5

SECOND SEMESTER SY 19-20 Prepared by: Julien Claire C. Estipona

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General Luna Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
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For 𝑥 ;

𝐴 𝑇 𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑥
1 6
28 − 3𝑥
20𝑥 = ∫ (5𝑥)𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( ) 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 0 5

170
20𝑥 =
3

𝑥 = 2.8333(𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑)

For 𝑦 ;

𝐴 𝑇 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝐴𝑦

1 6
28 − 3𝑥
20𝑦 = ∫ (5𝑥)𝑦1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( ) 𝑦2 𝑑𝑥
0 0 5
28−3𝑥
𝑦𝐿2 5𝑥 𝑦𝐿3 5 28−3𝑥
Note: 𝑦1 = = ; 𝑦2 = = =
2 2 2 2 10

1 6
5𝑥 28 − 3𝑥 28 − 3𝑥
20𝑦 = ∫ (5𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥
0 2 0 5 10

110
20𝑥 =
3

𝑦 = 1.8333(𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑)

⸫ coordinates of the centroid is at (2.8333,1.8333)

SECOND SEMESTER SY 19-20 Prepared by: Julien Claire C. Estipona

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General Luna Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
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TOPIC V: MOMENT OF INERTIA, 𝐼

- measure of the resistance of a rotating body to a change in motion

Differential strip:

Centroid of a rectangle;

𝐼1
𝑦
𝐼𝑐𝑔
𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐼2

𝑑𝑥 (𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒)

𝐵𝐻 3 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥
𝐼1&2 = ; 𝐼=∫ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐵 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻 = 𝑦
3 3

(𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 )

𝑥
𝐼 = 𝐴𝑑 2 ; 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑦(𝑦)2 𝑦
𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝐴𝑑 2 ; 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥(𝑥)2 𝑥 𝑦

(𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒)

𝐵𝐻 3
𝐼𝑐𝑔 =
12
Example 1. Determine the moment of Inertia of the region bounded by the lines 3x-y=0, x -7 = 0,
and the x-axis about the x-axis.
Using vertical strip:
Solution:
y − axis 𝐿2 ; x − 7 = 0 ; x = 7

𝑦
(7,21) 𝐿1; 3x − y = 0 ; y = 3x ; x=
3
dx

𝑦𝐿1
(0,0) (7,0)
x − axis
Required: 𝐼𝑥

Use base for moment at x-axis

𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥
𝐼𝑥 = ∫
3

(𝑦𝐿1 )3 𝑑𝑥 (𝑦𝐿1𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟− 𝑦𝐿1𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 )3 𝑑𝑥

𝐼𝑥 = ∫ =∫
3 3
7
(3𝑥)3 𝑑𝑥
𝐼𝑥 = ∫
0 3

𝐼𝑥 = 5402.25 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 4

SECOND SEMESTER SY 19-20 Prepared by: Julien Claire C. Estipona

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General Luna Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
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Using horizontal strip:

Solution:
y − axis 𝐿2 ; x − 7 = 0 ; x = 7

𝑦
(7,21) 𝐿1 ; 3x − y = 0 ; y = 3x ; x=
3
x𝐿2

x𝐿1 dy

(0,0) (7,0)
x − axis
Using transfer Moment of Inertia

𝐼 = 𝐴𝑑 2 ; 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑦(𝑦)2

x𝐿2 − x𝐿1

𝐼 = 𝐴𝑑 2 ; 𝐼𝑥 = ∫(x𝐿2 − x𝐿1 )𝑑𝑦(𝑦)2

21
𝑦
𝐼𝑥 = ∫ (7 − ) ( 𝑦)2 𝑑𝑦
0 3

𝐼𝑥 = 5402.25 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 4

Example 2. Find the moment of inertia of the region bounded by the curves x2=8y, x-4=0, and
the x-axis about x-axis.

y − axis

𝑥2
𝑥 2 = 8y ; =y
8
x (4,2)

y
(0,0) (4,2)
dx x − axis
Required: 𝐼𝑥
𝑥 −4 = 0;𝑥 = 4

𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥
𝐼𝑥 = ∫
3

(𝑦𝐿1 )3 𝑑𝑥 (𝑦𝐿1𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟− 𝑦𝐿1𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 )3 𝑑𝑥

𝐼𝑥 = ∫ =∫
3 3

7(
𝑥2 3
8
) 𝑑𝑥
𝐼𝑥 = ∫
0 3

𝐼𝑥 = 1.52 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 4

SECOND SEMESTER SY 19-20 Prepared by: Julien Claire C. Estipona

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 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
General Luna Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

ACTIVITY NO. 2 (Due on May 15, 2019, 9:00 pm)

1. Find the ordinate of the centroid of the area bounded by the parabola y = x2 and the line y =
2x +3.(Ans.12.8units)

2. Determine the ordinate of the centroid of the area bounded by the curve x2 = 8y and the line
2x – y = 0. (Ans.3.4 units)

3. Find the moment of inertia of an area bounded by the curve x2=8y, x-4=0, and the y-axis.
(Ans. 25.6 units4)
Hint: use transfer moment of Inertia:
𝐼𝑦 = 𝐴𝑑 2 ; 𝐼𝑦 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥(𝑥)2

REMINDERS:

PLEASE FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS:

1. ACTIVITIES ARE ALL HANDWRITTEN/HANDDRAWN AND TO BE SENT

PERSONALLY TO JULIEN CLAIRE CUYO ESTIPONA AS .JPEG FILE
(PICTURE/S) IN MESSENGER SINCE SENDING PICTURES ARE FREE OF
CHARGE. ANY KIND OF PAPER WILL DO FOR AS LONG AS YOU PRESENTED
IT NEATLY. THE SAME FORMAT FOR YOUR INFORMATIONS PLEASE.

2. ACTIVITIES SHOULD BE SENT ONLY ONCE (WITH MULTIPLE PICTURES

TAKEN).

3. PLEASE KEEP ALL YOUR ACTIVITIES; THOSE ARE YOUR PROOFS JUST IN
CASE YOU HAVE COMPLAINS AFTER THE ENCODING OF YOUR GRADES.

3. IF YOU CAN’T COMPLY WHITHIN THE ECQ PERIOD, YOU ARE GIVEN
ENOUGH COMPLETION TIME TO COMPLETE YOUR REQUIREMENTS WHEN
UB OPENS, DON’T WORRY BECAUSE THERE WILL BE NO DEMERITS FROM
YOUR TOTAL SCORES.

4. THIS WILL BE YOUR LAST ACTIVITY FOR THIS SEMESTER NO MORE

FINAL EXAM, IT’S BEEN VERY NICE MEETING YOU ALL. I CAN’T WAIT TO
SEE YOU ALL GRADUATE!

Reference/s:
i. ESPLANA ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER, EERC Review Materials
ii. Integral Calculus Reviewer by Ricardo C. Asin

SECOND SEMESTER SY 19-20 Prepared by: Julien Claire C. Estipona

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