Answer on Question #64599 – Math – Calculus

Question

4. An airplane flying horizontally at an altitude of y = 3 km and at a speed of

480 km/h passes directly above an observer on the ground. How fast is the
distance D from the observer to the airplane increasing 30 seconds later?

Solution

D is the distance from the airplane to the observer and x is the (horizontal) distance
traveled by the airplane from the moment it passed over the observer.
We know that v = 𝑑𝑥/𝑑𝑡 = 480 𝑘𝑚/ℎ.
We want to know 𝑑𝐷/𝑑𝑡 30 seconds after the plane flew over the observer.
1 1
𝑡 = 30 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 30 ∙ ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
3600 120
Applying the Pythagorean Theorem to a right triangle
𝐷 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 , 𝐷 2 = 𝑥 2 + 32
Taking derivatives with respect to time t on both sides we get
𝑑𝐷 𝑑𝑥
2𝐷 = 2𝑥 ,
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
so that
𝑑𝐷 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∙
𝑑𝑡 𝐷 𝑑𝑡
We have that
1 𝑑𝑥 𝑘𝑚 1
𝑡 = 30 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠, = v = 480 , 𝑥 = v𝑡 = 480 ∙ = 4 (𝑘𝑚),
120 𝑑𝑡 ℎ 120
𝐷2 = 42 + 32 = 25 (𝑘𝑚2 ), 𝐷 = 5 𝑘𝑚.
Then
𝑑𝐷 4 𝑘𝑚
= ∙ 480 = 384 ( ).
𝑑𝑡 5 ℎ
𝑘𝑚
Answer: 384 .
ℎ

Question

5. A kite is rising vertically at a constant speed of 2 m/s from a location at

ground level which is 8 m away from the person handling the string of the
kite.
(a) Let z be the distance from the kite to the person. Find the rate of change
of z with respect to time t when z = 10.
(b) Let x be the angle the string makes with the horizontal. Find the rate
of change of x with respect to time t when the kite is y = 6 m above
ground.

Solution

(a) Applying the Pythagorean theorem to a right triangle

𝑧 2 = 82 + 𝑦 2
We know that
𝑑𝑦 𝑚
v𝑦 = = 2 , 𝑦 = v𝑦 𝑡 .
𝑑𝑡 𝑠
Then
𝑧 2 = 64 + (v𝑦 𝑡)2
Taking derivatives with respect to time t on both sides we get
𝑑𝑧
2𝑧 = 2v𝑦2 𝑡.
𝑑𝑡
So that
𝑑𝑧 1 2 𝑦
= v𝑦 𝑡 = v𝑦 .
𝑑𝑡 𝑧 𝑧
We have that
𝑧 = 10𝑚, 102 = 64 + 𝑦 2 , 𝑦 = 6 𝑚.
Therefore
𝑑𝑧 6 𝑚
= ∙ 2 = 1.2 ( ) .
𝑑𝑡 10 𝑠
(b) Using the definition
𝑦
tan 𝑥 =
8
Taking derivatives with respect to time t on both sides we get
1 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑦
∙ = ∙ .
cos 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑡 8 𝑑𝑡
So that
𝑑𝑥 1
= ∙ cos 2 𝑥 ∙ v𝑦 .
𝑑𝑡 8
We have that
6 3 2
3 2 25 1 2
16
𝑦 = 6 𝑚, tan 𝑥 = = , 1 + tan 𝑥 = 1 + ( ) = = , cos 𝑥 = .
8 4 4 16 cos 2 𝑥 25
Therefore
𝑑𝑥 1 16 4 𝑟𝑎𝑑
= ∙ ∙2= = 0.16 .
𝑑𝑡 8 25 25 𝑠
𝑚 𝑟𝑎𝑑
Answer: (a) 1.2 ; (b) 0.16 .
𝑠 𝑠

Question

6. A balloon is rising at a constant speed 4m/sec. A boy is cycling along a

straight road at a speed of 8m/sec. When he passes under the balloon, it is
36 metres above him. How fast is the distance between the boy and balloon
increasing 3 seconds later?

Solution

D is the distance between the boy and balloon, x is the (horizontal) distance traveled
by the boy from the moment it passed under the balloon and y is the altitude of the
balloon.
Applying the Pythagorean theorem to a right triangle
𝐷2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
We know that
𝑑𝑥 𝑚 𝑑𝑦 𝑚
v𝑥 = =8 , v𝑦 = =4 , 𝑥 = v𝑥 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑦0 + v𝑦 𝑡, 𝑦0 = 36 𝑚.
𝑑𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑑𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐
Then
𝐷2 = (v𝑥 𝑡)2 + (𝑦0 + v𝑦 𝑡)2
Taking derivatives (with respect to time, t) on both sides we get
𝑑𝐷
2𝐷 = 2v𝑥2 𝑡 + 2v𝑦 (𝑦0 + v𝑦 𝑡) ,
𝑑𝑡
so that
𝑑𝐷 1
= ∙ (v𝑥2 𝑡 + v𝑦 (𝑦0 + v𝑦 𝑡))
𝑑𝑡 𝐷
We have that
𝑡 = 3 𝑠𝑒𝑐, 𝐷2 = (8 ∙ 3)2 + (36 + 4 ∙ 3)2 = 2880 (𝑚2 ), 𝐷 = 24√5 𝑚 .
Therefore
𝑑𝐷 1 16 16√5 𝑚
= (82 ∙ 3 + 4(36 + 4 ∙ 3)) = = ( ).
𝑑𝑡 24√5 √5 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐
16√5 𝑚
Answer: .
5 𝑠𝑒𝑐

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