PHYSICS I

LESSON 1: KINEMATICS

1. The position vector of a particle is given by:

⃗⃗
𝑟⃗(𝑡) = (𝑡 2 + 𝑡)𝑖⃗ + (3𝑡 − 2)𝑗⃗ + (2𝑡 3 − 4𝑡 2 )𝑘
Where r is given in m and t in s. Determine the vectors a) velocity and b) acceleration when t=2s.
⃗⃗ m/s, b) 𝑎⃗(𝑡) = 2𝑖⃗ + 16 𝑘
Solution: a) 𝑣⃗(𝑡) = 5𝑖⃗ + 3𝑗⃗ + 8 𝑘 ⃗⃗ m/s2

1
⃗⃗ , calculate:
2. If one particle moves so that its position vector is , 𝑟⃗(𝑡) = 𝑡 𝑖⃗ + (2 𝑡 2 ) 𝑗⃗ + 𝑡 𝑘
a) Acceleration vector
b) Equation of trajectory
c) Magnitude of tangential acceleration
d) Magnitude of centripetal acceleration
e) Radius of curvature
f) Tangential and centripetal acceleration vectors

𝑥2 𝑡 2 (𝑡 2 +2)3 𝑡
Solution: a) 𝑎⃗(𝑡) = 𝑗⃗ m/s2, b) 𝑦 = ; 𝑧 = 𝑥, c) √𝑡 2 , d) √𝑡 2 +2 , e) √ , f) 𝑎⃗𝑡𝑔 (𝑡) = 𝑡 2 +2 (𝑖⃗ +
2 +2 2
1
𝑡 𝑗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ )
𝑘), 𝑎⃗𝑁 (𝑡) = 𝑡 2 +2 (−𝑡 𝑖⃗ + 2 𝑗⃗ − 𝑡 𝑘

⃗⃗ , its velocity at the initial time

3. If the acceleration of a particle is given by: 𝑎⃗(𝑡) = 3 𝑖⃗ + 12𝑡 𝑗⃗ + 4 𝑘
⃗⃗ , and at t=1 its positon vector is 𝑟⃗(1) = 3 𝑖⃗ − 2𝑗⃗ + 𝑘
is 𝑣⃗(0) = −2 𝑖⃗ − 5 𝑗⃗ − 𝑘 ⃗⃗ , find:
a) Velocity vector at any time
b) Position vector at any time
3 7
⃗⃗ m/s b) 𝑟⃗(𝑡) = ( 𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 + ) 𝑖⃗ +
Solution: a) 𝑣⃗(𝑡) = (3𝑡 − 2)𝑖⃗ + (6𝑡 2 − 5)𝑗⃗ + (4𝑡 − 1) 𝑘 2 2
⃗⃗ m
(2𝑡 3 − 5𝑡 + 1)𝑗⃗ + (2𝑡 2 − 𝑡) 𝑘

4. One particle starts from the origin and moves along the trajectory 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 in such a way that at
any time vx=3 m/s. When the particle is at x= 60 cm, determine:
a) |𝑣⃗|
b) |𝑎⃗|
Solution: a) 4.69 m/s, b) 18 m/s2

5. One particle moves along the y axis keeping constant the product of its position and velocity.
Determine y(t).
Solution: 𝑦(𝑡) = √𝑦𝑜2 + 2𝐴𝑡
6. One particle moving along the x axis has an acceleration that depends on velocity according to
𝑎 = 2𝑣. If at the initial time, v=1 m/s and x=1 m, determine:
a) x(t), v(t) y a(t)
1
Solution: a) 𝑥(𝑡) = 2 (𝑒 2𝑡 + 1), 𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑒 2𝑡 , 𝑎(𝑡) = 2𝑒 2𝑡

7. One vehicle starts from rest in a circular path of radius R=400 m. It begins to move with a motion
with constant acceleration until at t=50s it reaches one v=72 km/h. After that it moves with
constant velocity. Calculate:
a) Angular acceleration in both motions
b) Normal acceleration in both motions
c) Total acceleration in both motions
d) Angular velocity at t=50 s
e) Distance covered in the first 80 s
Solution: a) 1er α=1×10-3 rad/s2 y 2º α = 0, b) 1er a𝑁 = 4 × 10−4 𝑡 2 m/s2 y 2º a𝑁 = 1 m/s2, c) 1er
a = √(1.6 × 10−7 𝑡 4 + 0.16) m/s2 y 2º a = 1 m/s2, d) 0.05 rad/s, e) 1600 m

8. One particle goes down in vertical direction and falls at point A in an incline that makes 20o to
the horizontal. If it is bounced off at an angle of 40o to the vertical and hits the plane at the point
B shown in the figure, calculate:
a) Velocity with which it goes from point A
b) Time it takes to go from A to B
Solution: a) v= 4.64 m/s, b) t=0.95 s
9. One river flows up North with a velocity of 3 km/h. The river has a width of 1 km. One boat wants
to cross the river from a bank to just the opposite point in the other bank. If the boat moves with
respect to the Earth with a velocity of 5 km/h, calculate:
a) Velocity and direction of the boat with respect to the river
b) Time it takes to cross the river
Solution: a) v= 5.83 km/h; direction 59o from South to SE, b) t=12 min

10. One car drives on a straight section of a road in a rainy day. One passenger observes that when
the car is travelling at 80 km/h, the trajectory of the drops of water forms an angle of 30 o to the
vertical and when the velocity is 100 km/h the angle is 45o. Calculate:
a) Velocity of the drops measured by a pedestrian standing on the platform
b) Angle of the trajectory of the drops measured by the pedestrian
Solution: a) v= 70.81 km/h, b) =48.1o

11. One particle moving in a circular motion around a cylinder of radius R= 2 m with an angular
velocity = 45 r.p.m begins to move up in a vertical direction on the cylinder wall with an
acceleration a= 0.5 m/s2. If at t=0 starts from the A point (see figure), determine:
a) Velocity vector in function of time
b) Position vector in function of time

⃗⃗ , 𝑟⃗(𝑡) = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(4.71 𝑡)𝑖⃗ +

Solution: a) 𝑣⃗(𝑡) = −9.42 𝑠𝑒𝑛(4.71 𝑡)𝑖⃗ + 9.42 𝑐𝑜𝑠(4.71 𝑡)𝑗⃗ + 0.5 𝑡 𝑘
2 ⃗⃗
2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(4.71 𝑡)𝑗⃗ + 0.25 𝑡 𝑘